Date : .. SPM PRACTICE CHAPTER 1 : RATE OF REACTION PAPER 2 Section A Instructions : Answer ALL questions 1.

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of four different catalysts on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Each time 0.02 mol of catalyst was added to 20cm3 of 10 volume aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The volume of gas produced was measured at regular time intervals. The results were used to plot the graph as shown in Figure 1.

a.

b.
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d. e.
f.

g.

Figure 1 Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that could be used for these experiments. What is the gas produced in this experiment? State two observations that can be seen on the apparatus when the experiment is carried out . Arrange the effectiveness of the catalyst used in decreasing order. The experiment using copper (II) oxide as the catalyst was left aside until the reaction stopped. Predict the final total volume of gas produced. Suggest two methods, other than using catalyst that can be used to increase the rate of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. How does a catalyst work in increasing the rate of reaction?

2. The diagram below shows two experiments that are conducted

Experiment I Experiment II

a. What is the factor that affects the rate of reaction in both experiments? b. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between the marble chips and hydrochloric acid. c. What is the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that is used in Experiment I and Experiment II? d. Sketch the graph of the volume of gas collected against time for both experiments. Use the same axis of the graph. e. Based on the graph sketch in (d) : i. Which experiment has a higher rate of reaction? ii. How does the graph show this?
f. What is the conclusion that can be made for both experiments?

g. Sketch the curve of the concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid against time taken for Experiment I.

3. Table shows the results of an experiment using 0.10g of magnesium ribbon and 25cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. In the experiment, magnesium ribbon was mixed with dilute sulphuric acid and the total volume of hydrogen produced was measured every five seconds. The reaction stopped after fifty seconds. Time from start of Total volume of hydrogen experiment/s produced/cm3 0 0 5 31 10 54 15 71 20 85 25 94 30 99 35 100 40 100 45 100 50 100 Table 1 a. i. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acid. ii. Calculate the number of moles of magnesium which was used in the experiment? iii. Calculate how many moles of sulphuric acid were used in this experiment. iv. From your answer in (a)i and ii, explain why the reaction stopped after 50 seconds.
b. The experiment was repeated using the same mass of magnesium but 25cm3

of 4.0 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid. State the changes of the following results of this experiment compared to those from the previous experiment: i. the initial rate of formation of hydrogen ii. the total volume of hydrogen collected when the reaction had stopped c. Give one another method of changing the initial rate of reaction. d. Give the following variables in this experiment. i. Manipulated variable ii. Responding variable iii. Controlled variable

4. A series of experiments was carried out to investigate the effect of concentration of sodium thiosulphate (VI) in a conical flask that is placed on a piece of white paper marked with X. 5cm3 of hydrochloric acid is added. The mixture is then shaken. The time taken for the mark X to disappear from sight is recorded. The result is recorded in Table 2.

Paper mark with X

Experiment Volume of sodium thiosulphate (VI)/ cm3 1 50 2 40 3 30 4 20 5 10

Volume of distilled water/ cm3 0 10 20 30 40 Table 2

Volume of hydrochloric acid/ cm3 5 5 5 5 5

Time/s 20 25 33 50 100

a. Calculate i. the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate (VI) solution in mol dm-3 ii. the value of 1/time and complete Table 3. Number of Concentration of sodium Time/s 1 /Time -3 experiment thiosulphate (VI)/ mol dm (s-1) 1 20 2 25 3 33 4 50 5 100 Table 3 b. Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurred during the process of the experiment. c. State one observation that can be detected as the experiment is carried out. d. State all the constant variables involved in this experiment. e. i. Plot the graph of concentration of sodium thiosulphate (VI) solution against 1/time. ii .What is represented by 1/time? iii. From your graph, estimate the time of reaction if 0.1 mol dm-3 of sodium thiosulphate (VI) solution is used.
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f. Why is the size of the conical flask kept to be same for every experiment? Section B 1. a. Food storage in a refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in a kitchen cabinet. By using the collision theory, explain this phenomenon. [ 4 marks ] b. For every 10 degree increase in temperature, the rate of reaction is doubled. i. Explain the above statement based on the factor which affects the rate of reaction [ 6 marks ] ii. With a labeled diagram, briefly describe one experiment that you can carry out to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate (VI) solution and hydrochloric acid. [ 10 marks ] Section C 1. a. Explain what is meant by activation energy. [ 2 marks ] b. i. What is a catalyst [ 2 marks ] ii. State four characteristics of a catalyst and briefly discus two industrial processes that make use of catalysts. c.By using the diagram of energy profile and suitable examples, explain how of hydrogen the presence of a catalysts affects the rate of reaction. [ 7 marks ] PAPER 3 1. Carbon dioxide gas can be prepared by the reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid. It was found that different rates were obtained if small crushed marble chips are replaced by large marble chips. You are required to plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of total surface area of the reactant on the rate of reaction. Your planning must include the following items: a. b. c. d. e. Problem statement All the variables Lists of materials and apparatus Procedure Tabulation on data [ 17 marks ]
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