Trane Engineers Newsletter Live

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010

Program Date: October, 2010 Abstract: Major envelope, mechanical, lighting, and modeling addenda that will be incorporated into 90.1-2010 will be discussed.
Presenters: Mick Schwedler, Susanna Hanson, Mike Patterson, Matthew Bye, What the viewer can expect to learn:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. How 90.1-2010 saved close to 30% energy cost over 2004 Major changes, with specific emphasis on mechanical related system design, control and modeling. Mechanical updates: equipment efficiencies, design requirements for hydronics, airside, and ventilation. Controls updates for system design and operation. Modeling changes for Appendix G baseline definitions and proposed buildings. Summaries for lighting, envelope and other changes Trane expertise in systems and controls can help meet requirements Learn where to go for help
Program Outline: 1) Opening a) Welcome, agenda, introductions 2) Introduction a) The forced march to 30% over 2004 b) Number of addenda processed c) Energy savings estimates 3) Envelope highlights a) Insulation b) Air barrier c) Fenestration d) Lighting e) Daylighting and skylights f) WWR, orientation 4) Mechanical with examples a) Equipment efficiency updates. b) Unitary system design c) Waterside system design d) Airside system design e) Ventilation and exhaust 5) Controls with examples a) Reheat minimums b) VAV heating temp c) Ventilation reset d) Zone DCV e) Supply air reset 6) ECB with examples a) Change G to normative (what this means) b) Purchased heating and cooling c) Lab exhaust modeling d) Fan power limit definition in Appendix G (different than in Ch. 6) e) What prescriptive changes werent yet picked up by 11 and G 7) Close How Trane can help, other resources
2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand
Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
Slide 1
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010,

Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
[JEANNE] Welcome to our Engineers Newsletter Live program. Today we'll be provide an overview of changes made in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 sections that pertain to HVAC systems. I'm Jeanne Harshaw from Trane's Systems Engineering Department and I'll be your host today. Before we get started lets quickly cover some housekeeping
Slide 2
Ingersoll Rand
This course is approved by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) for [1.5] GBCI CE Hours towards the LEED Credential Maintenance Program. Upon successful completion of this course, LEED Professionals may submit their hours to Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) under the Professional Development/Continuing Education activity type in My credentials at www.gbci.org.
1.5
2
2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand
Slide 3
Trane is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
[SLIDE] Todays program is registered with the AIA/CES education system and qualifies for HSW and Sustainable Design credit so make sure you provide your member number to your local host before leaving today's session. In several states, Certificates of Completion can also be applied to engineers' continuing education requirements. So please check your state's rules to see if this might apply to you.
Slide 4
Copyrighted Materials
This presentation is protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display, and use of the presentation without written permission of Trane is prohibited.
2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
What youll learn

Evolution of Standard 90.1 Overview of the major changes Mechanical updates Control updates Modeling changes Appendix G Summary
[JEANNE] If you have questions during the program, they can be faxed in to the number on the screen or emailed at any time to ENL@trane.com. Include your email address so we can respond directly to you. Answers to all questions will also be available in a few weeks so be sure to follow up with your Trane sales office for a copy. [JEANNE] ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 will be published this fall, with an aggressive goal of 30 percent energy cost savings over the 2004 version of the standard. Today youll learn about the major changes and how theyll affect future minimallycompliant and above-code programs. Our goal is to [SLIDE] [CLICK] provide designers with an understanding of the development process for 90.1. [CLICK] and then highlight the major changes with respect to HVAC systems. [CLICK] Well dive into the mechanical section updates including equipment efficiencies and system requirements and provide some examples [CLICK] [CLICK] well then discuss changes to control strategies for system design and operation. And finally well cover modeling changes to Appendix G baseline definitions and proposed buildings.
Slide 6
Todays Presenters
[SLIDE] To cover this information today were fortunate to have two people with an inside view of 90.1. Mick Schwedler Applications Engineering manager and immediate past chair of 90.1, will give us an overview of the development process of 90.1 and provide an overview of the major changes. Susanna Hanson, who also served on the 90.1 committee, will provide a closer look at the changes in the mechanical section and provide some examples.
Susanna Hanson Applications Engineer
Mick Schwedler Applications Engineering Manager

6
Slide 7
Todays Presenters
Mike Patterson Sales training manager
Matthew Bye Product engineer
[CLICK] Were delighted to introduce two new members to the ENL program series. Matthew Bye, a product manager with our controls group will give us an update on the control requirements. [SLIDE] and Mike Patterson. Who was responsible for development of LEED and 90.1 curriculum for TRACE training and will provide an overview of the impact of the changes for Appendix G. [MICK AND JEANNE] So Mick we know there have been a lot of changes, why dont you get us started with how the standard has evolved?
Slide 8
ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010
Development Overview of 90.1
Slide 9
Historical Timeline
Cognizant TC, 7.6 Systems Energy Utilization
90.1-1999 major rewrite 90.1-1980 updated

1970 1980 1990 2000
90.1-2001 minor revisions

2010
90.1-1989 updated 90-1975 first issued
90.1-2004 updates, reorganization 90.1-2007 updates
90.1-2010 (planned) extensive updates
[MICK] Standard 90.1 is sponsored jointly by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) and The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). [SLIDE] It was first published in 1975, partially in response to the oil embargo. However, ASHRAE and IES also felt that the national impact of energy conservation was important enough to keep the standard active. The standard was enhanced in 1980. In 1989, an updated version of the standard was published. For almost 10 years a committee worked to rewrite ASHRAE 90.1 and this was designated 90.1-1999. [MICK] At that point the standard was put on continuous maintenance. Subsequently revisions were made through that process, resulting in the 2001, 2004, and 2007 versions of 90.1.
Slide 10
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and
Model Codes
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 is adopted by:
National Fire Protection Association by reference International Code Council (2009) (International Energy Conservation Code)
Chapter 5: Commercial Energy Code
Comply with 90.1-2007 or Comply with the rest of Chapter 5
[MICK] 90.1 is a standard, that is written in language so it can easily be adopted into a local code. So, how does the process take this from a standard to a code in a state or city? [SLIDE] ASHRAE 90.1 is adopted by reference by the National Fire Protection Association, so if a locale adopts NFPA, it adopts 90.1. The International Code Council has also developed a single set of regulatory documents for use by states and other locales. One of the International Code documents is the International Energy Conservation Code. The 2009 IECC has two paths within its chapter 5. The first is to comply with 90.1-2007. Or one can follow the prescriptive requirements of the rest of Chapter 5. [MICK] Many of those requirements are similar, but not identical to 90.12007.
10
Slide 11
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and
USGBC,
LEED-2009
(v3)
EAp2: Minimum energy performance

Comply with 90.1-2007
Mandatory provisions of 90.1-2007 and Prescriptive requirements of 90.1-2007 or Energy Cost Budget method of 90.1-2007 and 10% improvement over 90.1-2007
EAc1: Optimize energy performance

1 point for 12% savings 3 points for 16% savings Up to 19 points (of 100)
11
[MICK] 90.1 is also used by the U.S. Green Building Councils Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (or LEED) products. [SLIDE] In LEED 2009 (sometimes referred to as version 3) Ones building must use 10% lower energy cost than a building that meets the requirements of 90.1-2007. In addition, points must be earned to achieve higher levels of LEED recognition. From an energy perspective, for each 2% additional energy cost reduction, a point is earned, up to a maximum of 19 points for a 48% reduction. [MICK] Its expected that as 90.1 is changed, local jurisdictions will move toward its adoption, either directly or through IECC, and the LEED products will also use the newer version as its basis. So, what is happening with 90.1-2010?
Slide 12
SSPC 90.1 Work Plan
(unanimous June 2007)
Goal: A 2010 standard that results in 30% total energy cost savings improvement compared to Standard 90.1-2004.
Measurement is aggregated, may not be met for every building in every location
In June of 2007 the SSPC 90.1 committee unanimously adopted a WorkPlan goal for a [SLIDE] 2010 standard with 30% energy cost savings compared to 90.1-2004. That will not be realized on every building, but is aggregated across 16 building types in 17 climate zones. Since 90.1 is on continuous maintenance, addenda are developed by the committee. [MICK] 90.1-2010 is simply 90.12007 plus all addenda that have been approved by both the IES and ASHRAE Boards of Directors.
90.1-2010 = 90.1-2007 + All IES and ASHRAE BOD approved addenda
12
Slide 13
How is 90.1 Updated? Through Addenda
Developed and voted on by 90.1 committee
SSPC 90.1 uses economic criteria
Approved by ASHRAE oversight committees Public Review

Comments require formal response Changes must be re-approved and sent subsequent public review Resolution of commenters is the goal
If not resolved, they may appeal
Must reach consensus
13
[MICK] ASHRAE follows a rigorous, open process to develop or change its standards [SLIDE] To move an addendum to publication the committee uses an economic criteria in developing proposed changes. Once approved by the committee those addenda must also be approved by other ASHRAE committees prior to going out for public review during which anyone may comment on the proposed changes. The committee must vote a response to each comment, and if changes to the addendum result, the addendum must be sent for another public review. [MICK] The SSPC worked very hard to resolve each and every comment, but there were times when either there were opposing comments, or the committee could not reach agreement with the commenter. Those unresolved commenters reasons are shared throughout the process, including with the Boards of directors, and the unresolved commenter has a right to appeal. Put succinctly, changes are not lightly made and must reach consensus. [SLIDE] Addenda come from many people and groups as shown here. Some of the most gratifying are those energy conscious building teams that have shared practices that reduce energy costs and are economical. For example, one building owner did research on daylighting and found it to be very cost-effective in specific cases. They not only shared this information with ASHRAE and IES, but also had their researcher attend committee meetings to explain it. [MICK] However, the brunt of the work fell to the committee and subcommittee members drafting, refining and writing proposals. Hard-working, dedicated members are always appreciated. So where did this lead?
Slide 14
Where have addenda come from?
You Other publications Advanced Energy Design Guides California Title 24 ASHRAE Standard 189.1 ASHRAE Technical Committees Stakeholders (working groups) Energy conscious owners SSPC 90.1 volunteers 4 meetings per year
(3-4 days each, 8 am 9 pm)
Additional web meetings Monthly (or more often) conference calls
14
Slide 15
SSPC 90.1 Accomplishments
06/2007 through 07/31/2010
119 Addenda processed

111 approved with no appeals 1 approved and is being appealed 7 still in comment resolution and will not be in 90.1-2010
2010 Users Manual in progress
15
In the past 3 years the 90.1 committee [SLIDE] has authored and sent 119 addenda through the public review process, some up to four times in response to comments received. Of those, 111 are approved by the IES and ASHRAE Boards of Directors and have not be appealed. 1 is approved by the boards, and is being appealed. And on 7 addenda the committee is still working with commenters to reach resolution, these addenda will hopefully be included in future versions of 90.1 [MICK] In addition, following publication of the 90.1-2010 standard this fall there are plans for a Users Manual to be available in early 2011.
Slide 16
Sections
Section 1: Purpose Section 2: Scope Section 3: Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms Section 4: Administration and Enforcement Section 5: Building Envelope Section 6: HVAC
Section 7: Service Water Heating Section 8: Power Section 9: Lighting Section 10: Other Equipment Section 11: Energy Cost Budget (ECB) Method Section 12: Normative References Appendices
The rest of todays ENL will cover the significant mechanical, control, and modeling addenda, but we want to highlight some of the other addenda first. ASHRAE 90.1 covers the entire building, including the envelope (walls, roofs, windows, etc.), lighting systems and controls, as well as motors and other electrical equipment. Lets look at a few of these addenda.
16
Slide 17
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 (AQ)
Purpose
To establish the minimum energy efficiency requirements of buildings, other than low rise residential buildings, for: 1. design, construction, and a plan for operation and maintenance, and 2. utilization of on-site, renewable energy resources
17
Addendum AQ changed the Title, Purpose, and Scope of the standard. Note that the purpose of 90.1 is to define minimum requirements not state-of-the-art. The key phrases on this slide are: Minimum requirements; They are not suggestions or guidelines, they are requirements. The second phrase is Energy-efficient design. So a building designed in accordance with the standard , theoretically represents the worst building that could be built from an energy perspective.
Slide 18
Scope
New buildings and their systems New portions of buildings and their systems New systems and equipment in existing buildings New equipment or building systems specifically identified in the standard that are part of industrial or manufacturing processes
18
[SLIDE] The standard applies to new buildings, but also additions and alterations to existing buildings. This modification, first made in 1999, changed many peoples perception of the standard. Building owners on the committee, such as BOMA, worked to ensure the wording clearly states how the standard applies to additions and alterations. [MICK] 90.1-2010 applies to commercial processes (2007 could not). Also, the final clause shown here allows 90.1 to apply to industrial or manufacturing processes specifically identified in the standard.
Slide 19
Does Not Apply To

Single-family houses, multi-family structures of three stories or fewer above grade, manufactured houses (mobile homes), and manufactured houses (modular), or Buildings that use neither electricity nor fossil fuel
Although Standard 90.1 applies to buildings such as high-rise condominiums, [SLIDE] it does NOT apply to low-rise residential buildings three stories or less. Also excluded from 90.1 are buildings that dont use fossil fuel or electricity. [MICK] OK, now that we know the purpose and scope of the standard, lets take a very high level look at a few of the envelope and lighting addenda. Well begin with the building faade. Architects need to know about the changes to the building envelope, since they are significant.
19
Slide 20
Addendum bb Building Envelope More Insulation and Better Glass
Opaque Roofs Walls Floors Slab-on-grade insulation Doors Fenestration (glass)
30% maximum window to wall ratio (WWR) Better U-Factor Lower Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) Visible transmittance/SHGC Ratio
VT/SHGC > 1.10
Allowance up to 40% WWR (Addendum cx)

Proper daylighting layout Automatic dimming controls on lights
20
With the adoption of addendum BB, almost all the insulation requirements on opaque elements (those we cannot see through) are more stringent. Well look at an example in a minute. For the glazing, the prescriptive tables are for use up to 30% of gross wall area. This is a reduction from 40% maximum in the 2007 version. The fenestration installed must have a better Ufactor and solar heat gain coefficient. In addition, there is a new requirement that the glass have a ratio of visible transmittance to solar heat gain coefficient of more than 1.1 This ensures that less heat is transmitted, but the amount of visible light allowed through the glazing may be used for daylighting the space. During comment resolution an alternative path was added that allows up to 40% glass. To do this prescriptively, the layout must be conducive to daylighting the space that is, using sunlight to light the space -- and have automated controls that reduce electricity used for space lighting when possible.
Slide 21
Climate Zones and Climatic Data Normative Appendices B and D

Figure B-1 and Table B-1 US Climate Zones
Shown are the climate zones within the continental U.S. Lets take a quick look at the requirements for a mass wall building built slab-on-grade in climate zone 4 across the middle of the U.S.; Climate Zone 4 includes cities such as St. Louis, Philadelphia, Wichita, Louisville, and New York City.
21
Slide 22
Climate Zone 4 Requirements
90.1-2007 Roof insulation entirely above deck Mass wall above grade Heated slab-on-grade floor Opaque swinging door Non-metal-framed vertical fenestration
c.i. - continuous insulation
90.1 2010 (Addendum bb) R-30 c.i. U-0.104 or R-9.5 c.i.F-0.843 or R-20 for 24 in. U-0.50 U-0.32 and 0.30 SHGC
R-20 c.i. U-0.104 or R-9.5 c.i.F-0.860 or R-15 for 24 in. U-0.70 U-0.40 and 0.40 SHGC
As shown here, all the requirements except the mass wall insulation level are more stringent due to the changes in Addendum bb. In other climate zones the mass wall requirements also become more stringent.
22
Slide 23
90.1-2010 Envelope Changes
bn, fenestration orientation bf, continuous air barrier f, cool roofs Envelope/lighting interactions
23
There are a number of other significant envelope addenda. Hidden slides are contained in the handouts that give more information. Addendum bn prescriptively requires more fenestration on the south and north sides of the building than the east and west sides. There are exceptions in urban areas, or where such orientation is not possible due to lotline setbacks. Bf prescribes continuous air barrier requirements that can be met by installing materials with a maximum air permeance level or an assembly limiting the air leakage to less than 0.04 cfm/square foot. The goal is less infiltration. Cool roofs are required in Climate zones 1 through 3, but there are exceptions for example, for roofs with a specific ballast weight or vegetative roofs. Finally, there are a number of addenda that span the envelope and lighting portions of the standard. So thats a great segue to the lighting addenda.
Slide 24
Addenda bn Orient Buildings with More Glass On South
5.5.4.5. Fenestration Orientation. The vertical fenestration area shall meet the following requirement:
Area South Area West and Area South Area East,
24
Slide 25
Addenda bn Orient Buildings with More Glass On South
Exceptions to 5.5.4.5:
Vertical fenestration that complies with the exception to 5.5.4.4.1 (c). (Storefronts) Buildings that have an existing building or existing permanent infrastructure within 20 ft (6 m) to the south (north in the southern hemisphere) which is at least half as tall as the proposed building. (Urban infill buildings) Buildings with shade on 75% of the west and east oriented vertical fenestration areas faade from permanent projections, existing buildings, existing permanent infrastructure or topography at 9 AM and 3 PM on the summer solstice (June 21 in the northern hemisphere). (Shaded buildings) Alterations and additions with no increase in vertical fenestration area.
25
Slide 26
Addendum bf Continuous Air Barrier
Using individual materials that have an air permeability 0.004 cfm/ft2 Using assemblies of materials and components that have an average air leakage 0.04 cfm/ft2
26
Slide 27
Addenda f
Cool Roofs
5.5.3.1.2 Roof Solar Reflectance and Thermal Emittance. Roofs in climate zones 1 through 3 shall have one of the following:
A minimum three-year-aged solar reflectance of 0.55 when tested in accordance with ASTM C1549 or ASTM E1918, and in addition, a minimum three-year-aged thermal emittance of 0.75 when tested in accordance with ASTM C1371 or ASTM E408. A minimum three-year-aged Solar Reflectance Index of 64 when determined in accordance with the Solar Reflectance Index method in ASTM E1980 using a convection coefficient of 2.1 BTU/h-ft2 (12 W/m2.K),or. Increased roof insulation levels that meet the following: Roofs: Insulation entirely above deck Nonresidential Residential U-0.030/R-33 U-0.029/R-34
27
Slide 28
Addenda f
Cool Roofs
Exceptions to 5.5. 3.1.2:
a. Ballasted roofs with a minimum stone ballast of 17 lbs/ft2 (74 kg/m2) or 23 lbs/ft2 pavers (117
kg/m2). b. Vegetated Roofs Systems that are either extensively and/or intensively vegetated, containing a minimum thickness of 32.5 inches (76 63.5 mm) of growing medium and covering a minimum of 75% of the roof area with durable plantings. c. Roofs, where a minimum of 75% of the roof area: i. Is shaded during the peak sun angle on June 21st by permanent components or features of the building, or ii. Is covered by off-set photovoltaic arrays, building-integrated photovoltaic arrays, or solar air or water collectors, or iii. Is permitted to be interpolated using a combination of parts i and ii above. d. Metal building roofs in climate zone 3. Steep sloped roofs e. roofs over ventilated attics or roofs over semi-heated spaces or roofs over conditioned spaces that are not cooled spaces. Low sloped metal building roofs in climate zones 2 and 3. f. Asphaltic membranes in climate zone 3. Roofs over ventilated attics or roofs over semi-heated spaces or roofs over conditioned spaces that are not cooled spaces. g. Asphaltic membranes in climate zones 2 and 3.
28
Slide 29
Addenda al Skylights Large Spaces

5.5.4.2.2 Maximum Skylight Fenestration Area. The total skylight area shall be less than 5% of the gross roof area. 5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration Area. In enclosed spaces that are:
i. greater than 10,000ft2, and ii. directly under a roof with ceiling heights greater than 15 ft, and iii. one of the following space types: office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, storage, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center, automotive service, manufacturing, nonrefrigerated warehouse, retail, distribution/sorting area, transportation, or workshop.
The total skylight area shall be either;

a. a minimum of 3% of the roof area of that enclosed space with a skylight VLT at least 0.40, or b. such that the daylight area under skylights will be a minimum of half the floor area and provide a minimum skylight effective aperture of at least 1%.
These skylights shall have a glazing material or diffuser with a measured haze value greater than 90% when tested according to ASTM D1003. General lighting in the daylight area shall be controlled as described in Section 9.4.1.4.
29
Slide 30
example Building Lighting Power Density (LPD) Changes
Most whole building values reduced or unchanged

[Addendum by - completed]
Addendum BY changed the lighting power allowed. Now, its important to remember that the Illuminating Engineering Society is a co-sponsor, and IES members made sure that proper space illuminance can be achieved using these lighting power allowances. In almost all cases, the whole building lighting power allowances are reduced.
30
Slide 31
example Space Type LPD Changes Mixed reduction and increase in LPDs based on technology improvements and model corrections.
TABLE 9.6.1 Lighting Power Densities Using Space-by-Space Method Common Space Types
The lighting designer still has the option to calculate the building lighting power allowance by taking the space-by-space allowances and summing them. Again, in most cases the allowed space-by-space LPDs went down. In addition to changing the levels, a new column was added. RCR stands for room cavity ratio and is used by lighting designers. If a particular space is a different geometry, which results in a different RCR more lighting power may be allowed.
31
Slide 32
Lighting Addenda
Envelope/lighting interaction
D, AB, AL daylighting control Ct, dd modify the area thresholds for top and side daylighting
AV changes alteration threshold (10%) at which replacement lighting and controls must comply Ce requires bi-level switching CZ parking garage lighting control BS control of 50% of receptacles
32
For good daylighting, the windows and skylights must be properly placed on the building envelope. Addenda d, ab and al require daylighting control, and CT and DD define the area thresholds for which daylighting is required. AV significantly reduces the level for which lighting alterations take effect. Lighting control requirement changes are also significant, for example: CE requires bi-level switching some spaces, which means a level of lighting between on and off, Parking garage lighting controls are required by addendum CZ And half the receptacles must be able to automatically shut off, for example at night, per the requirements of Addendum BS. Again, there are slides available in the handouts that give more information. OK, we spent about 5 minutes total on the envelope and lighting addenda. During the June meetings in Albuquerque each presentation took about 25 minutes and theyre available from ASHRAE. Now lets move on to some of the mechanical, control, and modeling requirements changes.
Susanna, as a member of the mechanical subcommittee I know that you have a lot to share.
Slide 33
Addenda d, ab, and AL
Daylighting Control Additions

Three separate addenda that: Require the control of electric lighting when top and side daylight is present and Require the installation of skylights when appropriate Additional addenda ct and dd modify the area thresholds for top and side daylighting
33
Slide 34
Addendum ce Bi-Level Space Lighting Control
Requires the controlled lighting have at least one control step between 30% and 70% (inclusive) of full lighting power in addition to all off.
Exceptions:
Lights in corridors, electrical/mechanical rooms, public lobbies, restrooms, stairways, and storage rooms Spaces with only one luminaire with rated input power less than 100W. Spaces types with a lighting power allowance of less than 0.6 W/ft2
34
Slide 35
Addendum av Changes to Alterations Requirements
Requires that BOTH Interior and Exterior alterations comply with LPD and automatic shutoff requirements
Includes retrofits where luminaires are added, replaced, or removed. Also includes lamp plus ballast retrofits Alterations of less than 10% of connected lighting load are exempted.
35
Slide 36
Addendum cz Parking Garage Control
Requires parking garage lighting to be automatically controlled including daylighting Must reduce lighting power by minimum of 30% when no activity detected within a lighting zone (< 3,600 sf) Daylight transition zone lighting (66 ft wide by 50 ft) must be separately controlled to turn lighting on during daylight hours and off at sunset. Daylight control required for luminaires within 20 feet of perimeter wall with net opening to wall ratio of 40%. Exceptions:
Daylight transitions zones and ramps without parking are exempt from 30% reduction and daylight control. Applications using HID of 150 watts or less or Induction lamps are exempt from 30% reduction.
36
Slide 37
Addendum bs Receptacle (wall plug) Control
Requires that 50% of receptacles (wall plugs) in a space have automatic shutoff control Applies to 125 volt 15- and 20-ampere receptacles in private offices, open offices, and computer classrooms Requires automatic control using: Time-of-day schedule, Occupancy sensor, or Other automatic control based on occupancy Exceptions: Spaces where automatic shutoff would be safety/security issue Spaces where all loads require 24-hour operation.
37
Slide 38
Mechanical Section
Slide 39
Mechanical
Equipment efficiency System design requirements
[SUSANNA] Thanks Mick. Now lets turn our attention to the mechanical section. I wont cover all updates in the same detail, and there will be some I dont cover. For more detail, look to the other documents included in your handouts. [SLIDE] There are equipment efficiency changes and new system design requirements. There are also control requirements, and thats what Matt is going to cover later.
39
Slide 40
Equipment Efficiency
Unitary Chillers Heat rejection Fans and pumps
Ill group the Equipment efficiency changes into Unitary, Chillers, and Heat Rejection. Fans and pumps are addressed in system design requirements. Most of the equipment listed in 90.1 will be required to have higher efficiency.
40
Slide 41
Table 6.8.1A Electrically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units - Minimum Efficiency Requirements
[Susanna] Lets look at unitary first, starting with air conditioners and heat pumps. Before we go any further, let me briefly touch on a common question. I have a hard time figuring out which categories apply to which products. [SLIDE] When in doubt, look at the test procedure referenced in the final column. Then compare it to the certification program called out on the equipment data sheets and submittal documents. This helps you make sure youre looking at the right product category.
41
Slide 42
equipment efficiency
Unitary
16 15 14
2010 Unitary addenda: S, K, N, Y, AO, S, T, BG, BU, BW, CO, CP
Federal Limit (Today)
AC and HP air cooled IEER metric for part load
Federal Limit (2010)
ASHRAE 1989 ASHRAE 2001 2005 Energy Act
13.0 (06) 13 12
13.0 (06-08)
11.2 (2010) 11 10 9 8 7 <5 Tons 1P <5 Tons 3P SEER 5 to 11.2 Tons 11.2 to 20 Tons 20 to 63 Tons EER/IPLV >63 Tons 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 8.9 8.5 8.5 11.0 (2010) 10.3 9.7 10.0 (2010) 9.5 9.7 (2010) (2010) 9.2 8.3
[slide] Efficiencies for Air-conditioners and heat pumps have been improved substantially in recent years. And, they HAVE basically the entire system wrapped up into their numbers. Take a look at where they were in 1999, 2001 and now 2010. For those of you playing along at home, compared to 1999 thats about a 17% EER improvement in the larger sizes, about 30% in the 5 to 20 ton category and 34% on a SEER basis for small, less than 5 ton equipment.
42
Slide 43
Unitary
What is IEER?
a new metric, the Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio used on unitary products to replace IPLV designed to encourage better real world part load performance by putting different spices in the soup
i.e. manufacturers are rewarded for designs that save energy but were not reflected in the IPLV metric
IEER = 0.02A + 0.617B + 0.238C + 0.125 D A = EER at AHRI standard rating condition B = EER at 75% net capacity, reduced ambient C = EER at 50% net capacity, reduced ambient D = EER at 25% net capacity, reduced ambient
You may also have noticed on equipment schedules a new term called IEER. This stands for Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio, and its a new metric developed for unitary products, to replace IPLV. It was developed to encourage designs that have better part load performance. Those of you familiar with the chiller equation may recognize this format.
43
Slide 44
Unitary
Addendum N
In 2012 (DX) and 2010 (chilled water) Single zone systems

DX 110,000 Btu/h (9.2 tons) Chilled water AHUs with fan motors 5hp
Im going to mention this now, even though it also applies to nonunitary equipment, because its a more significant change for unitary product designs. The so-called Single zone VAV requirement, addendum N. As of January 2012 for DX systems and January 2010 for chilled water systems, Variable-air-volume fan control will be extended to large single-zone systems. Direct expansion units 9.2 tons and higher and chilled water air handlers with 5 horsepower motors or greater are affected. This change requires either two-speed motors or variable-speed drives on the supply fan(s). Practically speaking, this means that youll see equipment with either discharge air temperature sensors or multiple stages of compression with a least 2 speeds on the supply fan. This is going to present some challenges for making sure that you meet the ventilation codes at part speed, especially since these systems are often installed in zones with high occupant densities and required demand-controlled ventilation. Either the damper position can be compensated for fan speed, or better yet, specify airflow measurement and coordinate the required ventilation with the outdoor air damper position.
Two-speed motors or VFDs Required for implementing

Discharge temperature sensors or multiple stages of compression Care needed to meet ventilation codes
Damper position compensation for fan speed Airflow measurement and variable OA dampers
44
Slide 45
Unitary
Addendum CO
Water- and evaporatively cooled AC and HP Water- and evap-cooled condensing units are now two different categories 3 to 5% more stringent than 2001-2007 levels Effective 6/1/2011
Water and evaporatively cooled Air conditioners and heat pump levels will be 3 to 5 percent more stringent as of June 2011. The categories have been split apart, to accommodate divergence in the rating procedures.
45
Slide 46
Unitary
PTACs and PTHPs Non-standard size defined less than 16 high or less than 42 wide and less than 670 in2 area All others meet requirement
Addenda T, BW TABLE 6.8.1D
In a federal ruling, as of October 2012, Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps will be required to meet new, aggressive efficiency levels. 90.1 has a sliding capacity scale as units get larger [CLICK -show close up of equation]. This is because standard wall sleeve sizes make it more and more difficult to add surface area for heat transfer, as cooling capacities increase.[CLICK-to remove] The other addition is a definition of a non-standard size PTAC. Standard size units in new construction must meet a higher efficiency level than replacement units having to fit into an existing wall sleeve.
46
Slide 47
Unitary
Addendum BG
Water-water heat pump efficiency levels <11.25 tons
[SUSANNA] One class of product that until now had been outside the scope of the standard is the water-to-water heat pump. [SLIDE] The efficiency levels that must be met depend on the type of application (such as water source, ground water source, and ground source) are determined at cooling and heating mode rating temperatures typical for those applications.
47
Slide 48
Unitary
Addendum BU
Computer room air conditioners (CRAC) ASHRAE 127 test procedure

conditions reflect sensible (mostly) data center cooling SCOP is defined (sensible coefficient of performance)
48
[SUSANNA] Recall that addendum AQ expanded the scope to include systems used in what might be called process cooling applications. This allowed 90.1 to bring a new class of product into the Standard. [SLIDE] Computer room air-conditioners, sometimes called CRAC units. ASHRAE 127 is the referenced test procedure for the CRAC units. The ASHRAE test procedure has defined a term called SCOP, or sensible coefficient of performance, which calculates efficiency at conditions more reflective of the mostly sensible cooling that goes on in data centers and computer rooms. [SLIDE] Air handlers serving computer room units must meet the fan power limits in section 65.
Slide 49
Unitary
Minisplits have been covered under 210-240 Multi-splits (VRF) certification program likely fall 2010
Addendum CP
[SUSANNA] Minisplits have been covered by 90.1 for many years. [SLIDE] They are tested with AHRI 210/240, just like any other small split system. However, a similar class of equipment sometimes called a multi-split or variable-refrigerant flow (VRF) system was previously not covered.
49
Slide 50
Unitary
Addendum CP
[SLIDE] This type of split system has multiple indoor DX fan coils sharing a common compressor and condenser. Manufacturers first had to agree on a standard test procedure for a combination of indoor terminals with a condensing section, before levels could be set. [CLICK] AHRI 1230 is now published and efficiency requirements for VRF multi-splits are now in 90.1. [CLICK] And in July 2012, the IEER requirements become more stringent. VRF systems can include a heat recovery heat exchanger, or not. And there is a special category in each size break for VRF systems with heat recovery. [SUSANNA] As of the time of this program, AHRI is developing a certification program.
50
Slide 51
Chiller
Addendum M
Two compliance paths for water-cooled chillers

Full load and part load metrics in both paths Water-cooled positive displacement classed together
Now lets move on to chillers. As of January 2010, Addendum M has been in effect. The big change from M is the addition of an alternative compliance path for water-cooled chillers. [SLIDE] One path has a more stringent IPLV requirement, while the other has a more stringent full load requirement. EACH PATH has a both a full load and a part load metric to meet. You might also notice that the energy units have been changed to reflect what the industry prefers.
51
Slide 52
Chiller
Table 6.8.1C - excerpt

Path A
Air cooled < 150 tons Air cooled 150+ tons Water cool. pos. displ. >75 tons 75 - less than 150 tons 150 - less than 300 tons 300+ tons Centrifugals tons < 300 300 less than 600 tons 600+ tons
9.562 EER 12.5 IPLV 9.562 EER 12.75 IPLV
Addendum M
[SLIDE] for air cooled that means EER, for water cooled its kW per ton, and for absorption, COP.
Path B
0.780 kW/ton 0.630 IPLV 0.775 kW/ton 0.615 IPLV 0.680 kW/ton 0.580 IPLV 0.620 kW/ton 0.540 IPLV 0.634 kW/ton 0.596 IPLV 0.576 kW/ton 0.549 IPLV 0.570 kW/ton 0.539 IPLV
0.800 kW/ton 0.600 IPLV 0.790 kW/ton 0.586 IPLV 0.718 kW/ton 0.540 IPLV 0.639 kW/ton 0.490IPLV 0.639 kW/ton 0.450 IPLV 0.600 kW/ton 0.400 IPLV 0.590 kW/ton 0.400 IPLV
52
Slide 53
Chiller
Addendum M
Two compliance paths for water-cooled chillers

Full load and part load metrics in both paths Water-cooled positive displacement classed together
Air-cooled chillers part load improvement New categories

Less than and 150+ tons air-cooled categories 600+ tons water-cooled centrifugal category
Removed categories
Air-cooled chillers without condensers (use matched) Reciprocating chillers now with screw and scroll
[SLIDE][CLICK] Other changes from this addendum were air cooled part load improvement, [CLICK] and new categories for 150 tons and greater air cooled, and 600 tons and greater centrifugals. [CLICK] The category for reciprocating chillers was removed. Recip chillers now have to meet the positive displacement water-cooled or the air cooled requirements. The other category that was removed was for Condenserless air cooled chillers. These now must meet the air-cooled requirements with a suitable, matched condenser.
53
Slide 54
Chiller
Test tolerances and fouling
Interpretations
Deviations from test procedures are at the discretion of the customer, but 90.1 values correspond to data collected using the referenced test procedure Performance degradations must be absorbed by the design
Starter and drive losses

Measurements occur on line side of starter or drive
54
[SUSANNA] Interpretations have been issued in recent years to define how to accommodate deviations from the defined test conditions, such as non-standard tolerances and tube fouling. Any machine changes needed for meeting non-standard test tolerances or tube fouling will remain in the design, while the performance data computed with standard test tolerances and fouling. [SLIDE] It is this performance to be compared with the required efficiency. Excessive modifications to chillers needed to accommodate customer requirements may make it difficult to meet 90.1 requirements, and any performance degradations these changes cause at standard test conditions must be compensated for in the equipment design. [CLICK] Also, ASHRAE affirmed that the AHRI test procedure requires that starter and drive losses are included in the chiller efficiency.
Slide 55
Chiller
Different treatment for glycol
Addendum BL
No more blanket exception from scope, depends on operating temperatures

Positive displacement: greater than 32F leaving evap Centrifugal: 36F or higher leaving evap (and other reqs.) Absorption: 40F or higher leaving evap
Dual mode chillers, where one or both modes are outside the covered temperatures, continue to be out of scope
55
[SUSANNA] Other changes to the chiller section will bring more chillers under the scope of the standard. The first one is in how we treat chillers with glycol for freeze protection, but that operate at a normal, otherwise covered, chilled water temperature. [SLIDE] In the past, chillers with a freeze point of 27 degrees or lower had enough glycol in them to exempt them from meeting the standard. In reality, designers add glycol to air cooled chillers in cold climates, even though there are no design changes to the chiller. The test procedure AHRI 550/590 always uses water. Efficiency levels are to be calculated for these chillers with water as the test fluid, when comparing to the table 6.8.1C values in 90.1. [SUSANNA] This change is slightly more nuanced for centrifugal chillers. When a centrifugal chiller has glycol in it, heat transfer is degraded. More lift is required of the compressor and this changes the design slightly, and its ability to meet the performance in Table 6.8.1C when tested with water. The additional efficiency needed to overcome this loss must be absorbed by the chiller design, which serves to discourage unnecessary use of glycol and improves the stringency of the Standard. [SLIDE] [CLICK] Dual mode chillers with glycol, where one mode violates the covered temperatures, continue to be out of scope. An example of out of scope would be ice-making chillers or chillers making brine cold enough, depending on the type of chiller. The covered conditions have been changed in both BL and BT.
Slide 56
Chiller
Scope changes centrifugals
Addendum BT
36F or higher leaving evaporator 115F or lower leaving condenser temperature 20 to 80F lift range (leaving cond minus leaving evap)
New non-standard centrifugal equation

Tables removed equation only Spreadsheet calculator on Users Manual CD Examples in Users Manual (see support material)
[SUSANNA] Lets look closer at the covered conditions for centrifugals. The next change is the non-standard centrifugal equation and the temperatures and flows that are within the scope. [SLIDE] The equation is now more robust and as chillers deviate from standard conditions, there is a slight efficiency improvement. The equation is valid over a wider range of performance. Leaving evaporator fluid temperature 36 degrees F or higher, leaving condenser 115 degrees F or lower, and a range for lift of 20 to 80. Lift is now defined by 90.1 as leaving condenser minus leaving evaporator temperature. [SUSANNA] Roughly 98% of centrifugal chillers sold will now be subject to meeting 90.1. As an example, 85.1 design entering condenser water temperature can no longer be used to avoid the 90.1 requirements. [SLIDE][CLICK] All of these changes together made it difficult to keep the non-standard adjustment tables for centrifugals within the pages of the standard. Instead, a spreadsheet tool will be included on the Users Manual CD and examples in the printed version of the Users Manual. I included a version of this in your supporting materials.
56
Slide 57
Heat Rejection
Addenda A, L, U, and AD
Limits on centrifugal fan cooling tower use

Above 1,100 gpm, centrifugal fan towers have to meet axial fan power levels ( 38.2 gpm/hp) Some exceptions
Closed circuit cooling towers

Requirements added (14 gpm/hp axial, 7 gpm/hp prop) Rating conditions 90-102F water, 75F entering wb
[SUSANNA] Heat rejection is another area that saw a significant change. [SLIDE][CLICK]There are now limits on the use of centrifugal fans in cooling towers, once the tower handles more than eleven hundred gpm. Towers above this flow rate now have to meet the more stringent axial fan power level of 38.2 gpm per horsepower. [CLICK]A new category was added for closed circuit cooling towers. Closed circuit cooling towers have their own test conditions more reflective of the range and approach. And again, axial fan equipped closed circuit cooling towers have a more stringent level than centrifugal fan towers. [CLICK]Liquid to liquid heat exchangers now have a referenced test procedure. This has driven a lot more heat exchanger manufacturers to submit their products to a certification program, and gives a common reference point for performance. No target efficiency levels have been set, but could be in the future.
Liquid-liquid heat exchanger certification

No efficiency requirements, test procedure AHRI 400 More heat exchanger manufacturers are choosing to certify, rather than pay for independent lab testing
57
Slide 58
summary Equipment Efficiency
Equipment efficiencies are more stringent
Chillers: once a path is chosen both full and part load requirements must be met Unitary equipment now uses Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER)
New coverage
Computer room air conditioners Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) equipment Closed-circuit cooling towers Water-water heat pumps
58
[MICK] Thanks, Susanna. [SLIDE][CLICK] The bottom line is that for almost every piece of equipment referenced in ASHRAE/IES 90.1, efficiency requirements have become more stringent. There are two alternate paths for chillers. Once the path is chosen, both full and part load requirements must be met. In addition to increased stringency, a number of the new requirements are based on new AHRI standards, that have new metrics specifically IEER or integrated energy efficiency ratio. [CLICK] In addition computer room air conditioners, variable refrigerant flow equipment, water-to-water heat pumps, and closed circuit cooling towers are included in 90.1 for the first time. But 90.1 is about a lot more than just equipment efficiency. Susanna, please take us through some of the changes in system requirements.
Slide 59
System Design
Hydronics Outdoor air System fan power
[SUSANNA] When it comes to energy savings, a good portion of the mechanical sections impact relates to system design requirements. Ive classified these into [SLIDE] three general categories: hydronics, outdoor air, and system fan power.
59
Slide 60
system design
Hydronics
Water-cooled unitary
Addenda AK and CV
Shut-off valves required in all (formerly only required in water source hp, now also water cooled self contained) If system power >5hp, have to have VFD pump
Lower threshold for VFD on pump motors

Formerly only on 50hp pumps with 100 head, now each 5+hp pump when system power is at least 10hp
Booster pumps (limits on pressure-reducing valves)

Measure pressure and vary pump speed or stage pumps
[SUSANNA] Ill start with the hydronics changes. [SLIDE][CLICK] Condenser water flow for unitary systems can only be variable if (at least) two-position valves are included at the units, so they dont take water when theyre turned off. Since 1999, water-source heat pumps have been required to have these valves, but now water-cooled unitary air conditioners do too. An example of this product is a water-cooled self-contained unit. These systems are also subject to the variable flow requirements. If the system pump power is greater than 5 hp, you have to have a VFD on the pump motor, or similar performance. [CLICK] And in other types of hydronic systems, the threshold has plummeted for requiring a VFD on the pump motor. In the past, at 10hp for the system you had to at least ride the pump curve. At 50 hp pump, with at least 100 of head, you had to have a VFD. Now, when individual pumps are 5 or more horsepower, and the system power is at least 10 hp, you have to have VFD like performance. [CLICK] Booster pumps are also now addressed. These are pumps in tall buildings used to boost pressure at an intermediate point. Pressure reducing valves are used to create the actual pressure needed by the coil control valves, for example on each floor. There are now limits on these pressure reducing valves, and you must measure the pressure and vary the booster pumps to better follow the load.
60
Slide 61
system design
Hydronics
Pump pressure optimization
Addenda V, AF, and CC
DP setpoint no more than 110% of design flows DP Reset DP setpoint until one valve nearly wide open
Pipe and pump sizing

Based on pressure limits and economics Applies to both chilled water and condenser water Pump head must be calculated for sizing pumps
[SUSANNA] With all the new requirements for variable speed pumping, it follows that 90.1 now requires pump pressure optimization. [SLIDE] [CLICK] There are two main requirements here. One: the differential pressure setpoint can be no more than what corresponds to 110 percent of the design flow. The DP setpoint has to be reset until one valve is nearly wide open. Matt will go through this in greater detail in the controls section. [CLICK] There are new maximum allowable flows in nominal pipe sizes. The allowances change based on the annual hours of operation of that system type, and whether it is variable flow slash variable speed or not. And Pump head calculations must be completed prior to sizing pumps. You cant just guess at pump sizing anymore. This is similar to the requirement for load calculations.
61
Slide 62
system design
Hydronics
Addenda V, AF, and CC
62
[SLIDE] The pipe sizing limits are based on limiting the amount of frictional losses included in the sizing of system pumps. The table shown here met the economic justification rules of 90.1. It applies to both chilled water and condenser water systems. One way to reduce the pipe size youre allowed to have is to increase the delta T (cooling capacity) of the water. The ASHRAE GreenGuide suggests 12 to 20 degree delta T on chilled water, and 12 to 18 degree delta T on condenser systems. If you follow these guidelines you likely wont have any trouble meeting the permitted flow rate for a given pipe size, and can reduce installed and/or operating costs..
Slide 63
system design
Hydronics
Pipe insulation
Addenda BA and BI
Biggest changes are in steam and hot water piping when pipes are in the interior walls between conditioned spaces. Non-metallic pipe optional path if > schedule 80
Another change to hydronics system design is pipe insulation. Chilled water piping had modest change, but hot water and especially steam pipes have significant upgrades. There are exceptions, for example when pipes are in the interior walls between conditioned spaces. And if non-metallic pipe is used, and its greater than schedule 80 thickness, you are permitted to reduce insulation thickness to an equivalent heat transfer per linear foot.
63
Slide 64
system design
Hydronics
Table footnotes allow adjustments for conductivity and thickness reductions for buried pipe.
64
Slide 65
summary
System Design: Hydronic

VSD-like performance required on much smaller systems Pump pressure optimization is required Maximum flow rates defined Pipe insulation more stringent
[MICK] In short, a lot more systems will use technologies such as variable speed drives on pumps and Matt will cover the new requirement for pump pressure optimization. From a piping standpoint, the minimum pipe size is now prescribed and pipe insulation requirements are more stringent. And there are also a significant number of airside system changes, right?
65
Slide 66
System Design: Airside
Economizers Energy recovery Dampers Ventilation and exhaust
[SUSANNA] Correct. Ive classified them into four main sections: [SLIDE] economizers, energy recovery, dampers and ventilation and exhaust. Matt will cover the controls changes for ventilation in a few minutes, so Ill focus on the design requirements.
66
Slide 67
airside system design
Economizers
In all climates, except
Addenda AU, BU, and CY
1A-hot, humid: such as South Florida, parts of Hawaii, the Caribbean, India, Indonesia 1B-hot, dry: such as Dubai, Saudi Arabia
[SLIDE] A sweeping addendum changed economizer requirements for somewhere close to 40% of the installed cooling systems in the United States. That is, economizers are now required in most climate zones.
67
Slide 68
Economizers
Economizer required if individual fan plus coil 54,000 Btuh (4.5 tons)
[SLIDE] Two exceptions are climate zones 1a and 1b, which include South Florida, the Caribbean, parts of Hawaii, China, India and Indonesia, among others.
Zone 1 includes Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands
68
Slide 69
Economizers
[SLIDE] Smaller systems will need them as well. If the individual fan and coil is 54,000 Btu/h (4.5 tons) or greater, then an economizer is required. [CLICK] One way that more climates were justified is by dropping the exceptions for integrated economizing. This means that the economizer will be the first stage of cooling, followed by mechanical cooling, until the high limit shutoff point. The high limit changes by climate zone.
Down to 54,000 Btu/h Must be integrated

economize, then supplement with mechanical cooling
Efficiency tradeoff for applied as well as unitary

% improvement over full or part load metric
69
Slide 70
Economizers
economizer tradeoff with equipment efficiency
[SLIDE] There ARE lots of exceptions. If you dont WANT an economizer, and you dont meet one of the exceptions, you can trade off the economizer with an improvement in equipment efficiency. The tradeoff has been expanded to include more types of mechanical cooling equipment, including applied systems.
70
Slide 71
Economizers
[SLIDE][CLICK] Based on the scope change that Mick mentioned, and an addendum written by TC 9.9 Mission Critical Facilities, some data centers will now be required to have either an air- or a water-side economizer.
Down to 54,000 Btu/h Must be integrated

economize, then supplement with mechanical cooling
Efficiency tradeoff for applied as well as unitary

% improvement over full or part load metric
Some data centers will need economizer (water or air)
71
Slide 72
Economizers
Heat recovery exception expanded
No longer requires 6,000,000 Btu/h heat rejection and 1,000,000 Btu/h service water heating May be useful on large air-cooled systems with DOAS
e.g. VRF, fan coils with air-cooled chiller (54,000+ terminals)
HR may be preferred in some climates, applications Requires heating peak service hot water draw to 85F or 60% of the peak service water heating load
72
[SUSANNA] As I mentioned there are a number of exceptions, one of which was expanded. Heat recovery is often at odds with economizer operation. This is because a number of hours when heating is needed happens when the cooling load is being shed by the economizer. You cant have all of the benefits of both economizing and condenser heat recovery. And, to reflect the new systems that are going to need economizers,[SLIDE] the heat recovery exception directed at large, water-cooled systems didnt really work. There will be some systems you might need an economizer for, but they normally dont have ductwork sized for economizer operation. Generally these are systems with dedicated outdoor air systems, such as VRF, Water source heat pumps, large fan coils, etc. [SUSANNA] Granted, most of these will fall under the 54000 btu per hour threshold, but some will not. These systems can be designed to alternatively include heat recovery or water side economizers. [SLIDE] Next, energy recovery ventilators are required in a lot more situations. There are three intersecting thresholds: climate, a percentage outdoor air, and the supply air flow rate. Naturally, there are exceptions. [SLIDE] The ventilation optimization control that Matt will discuss is not required if the system meets the threshold and other requirements for energy recovery ventilators.
Slide 73
Energy Recovery
Energy recovery ventilation system
Addendum E
Threshold changes Climate specific Exempted from ventilation optimization control
73
Slide 74
Energy Recovery
Example: 40% OA system with 5,000 cfm
prior to 2010, less than 70% OA, so no ERV required now, ERV required in climates 1A through 6A, 7, 8
[SLIDE] For example, take a 5000 cfm system with 40 percent outdoor air. In the past, since its under 70 percent outdoor air, ventilation system energy recovery would not have been required, in any climate. Now, energy recovery ventilation is required in all humid climates, 1A through 6A, and cold climates 7 and 8. Only dry and marine climates are exempt in this case.
74
Slide 75
Dampers
Addenda AT and CB
Motorized dampers required on ventilation air intakes in cool and cold climates Climate 5a now requires low leak dampers (4 cfm/ft2) Leakage class per damper style unchanged
Motorized dampers are now required in a few more situations. Outdoor air intake dampers in cool and cold climates now have to be motorized.
75
Slide 76
Dampers
Zone 5a
5a change low leak dampers (Class 1) on: exhaust/relief dampers if three or more stories ventilation air intakes, all buildings
[SUSANNA] One example of the changes to the damper requirements is that low leak dampers are now required in climate zone 5a, [SLIDE] a fairly broad swath of the country that includes portions of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and several states in New England. You can still use gravity or backdraft dampers for ventilation intakes in climates 1 through 3, and for exhaust and relief dampers in buildings less than three stories in height.
76
Slide 77
Fan Power Limitation

Exhaust system credits
Addenda P, AS
Fully ducted return and.or exhaust air system in lab and vivariums, 0.5 in w.g. Exhaust system serving fume hoods, 0.35 in. w.g. Lab and vivarium exhaust systems in high-rise buildings 0.25 in. w.g. per 100 ft of vertical duct exceeding 75 ft
Pressure-dependent spaces can reheat more if they have VAV meeting 6.5.7.2
77
[SUSANNA] The final change Im going to highlight in the mechanical section is consolidation and clean up in the fan power limitation. Allowances for exhaust systems were poorly defined. This was really a hardship for several types of buildings, specifically laboratories, hospitals, and vivariums. [SLIDE] The changes are as follow: fully ducted return and.or exhaust systems in labs and vivariums are given 2.15 in. w.g. In addition, the blanket exception to the fan power limitation for fume hoods has been removed. Instead, exhaust systems serving fume hoods get 0.35 in w.g. and lab and vivarium exhaust systems in high rise buildings get a quarter inch per 100 feet of vertical duct exceeding 75ft.
Slide 78
Addendum DJ
Energy recovery ventilator pressure drop credit tied to effectiveness

if more effective, can have more pressure drop and have equivalent system energy performance
[SUSANNA] An astute engineer I know noticed how difficult it was to meet the fan power limit with a highly effective ERV. [SLIDE] He proposed a solution: a pressure drop credit equation for ERVs that compensates for effectiveness. A higher pressure drop adjustment is allowed for more effective heat recovery.
Coil run around loops treated differently, reflecting that use in applications where other types of ERV are not feasible
78
Slide 79
Addendum CA
Definition of VAV for fan power column use

single zone VAV has to use the constant volume limit
[SLIDE] When the single-zone VAV change occurred, 90.1 realized it needed to revise the definition of which column applies to VAV systems that dont have dampers increasing the system pressure. Single-zone systems are required to use the more stringent constant volume fan power limit.
79
Slide 80
Other Changes
Addenda K, Y, AE, AJ, AO, AX, BK, CQ, DF, DI
Motor efficiency (general purpose) Elevator lighting and ventilation allowances Garage ventilation controls Duct leakage to seal class A
tested sections selected by the building owner
[SUSANNA] The motor efficiency change will affect other products besides fans. The general purpose motor type thats affected is defined by NEMA, and an excerpt of this is included in 90.1 for ease of reference. Other changes in the 2010 standard relate to [SLIDE][CLICK]elevator lighting and ventilation allowances, [CLICK]garage ventilation controls, [CLICK]seal class A for duct leakage, [CLICK] large kitchen exhaust hoods, [CLICK]insulated ineffective surfaces on radiant panels, [CLICK]heat pump water heaters, [CLICK]other water heaters and furnaces.
Kitchen exhaust hoods large ones listed Radiant panelsinsulate ineffective surfaces Heat pump pool heaters Furnace and water heating cleanup
80
Slide 81
Summary
Economizers now required in most climate zones Airside energy recovery will be required in many more systems and based on
Climate zone % OA at design
[MICK] Outside of controls, which Matt will cover, the two major changes in airside system design is that economizers are now required in all but the hottest locations, and airside energy recovery will be required on significantly more systems and the requirement is based on climate zone and % outdoor air at design cooling conditions. Lets move on.
81
Slide 82
Controls
Slide 83
Controls and ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Existing controls requirements Fan pressure optimization Demand control ventilation (DCV) Changes to controls requirements Ventilation reset Pump pressure optimization Supply air temperature reset VAV minimum airflow/reheat minimums
[MATT] Today we will be discussing some existing control strategies required by ASHRAE 90.1 as well as new requirements for 2010. [SLIDE][CLICK] Well start with quick review of currently required control strategies specifically Fan Pressure Optimization and Demand Control Ventilation [CLICK] Then well discuss some of the changes to control strategies including: Ventilation Reset Pump Pressure Optimization Supply Air Temperature Reset VAV Minimum Airflow
83
Slide 84
existing requirements
Fan Pressure Optimization

Required since by ASHRAE 90.1 since 1999 Goal:
Control system static pressure to the lowest level while maintaining zone airflow requirements; thereby minimizing fan energy consumption.
[MATT] Well start with current requirements, the first of which is Fan Pressure optimization. [CLICK] Fan pressure optimization has been required since 1999 [CLICK] The goal of Fan pressure optimization is to control system static pressure to the lowest level while maintaining zone airflow requirements. By controlling static pressure, we can reduce fan speed and thereby minimize energy consumption. [CLICK] The components needed typically include: Communicating controls on the VAV boxes, A Static Pressure Sensor, and a building automation system.
What is needed to implement?

Communicating controls on the VAV boxes Static pressure sensor Building automation system
84
Slide 85
existing requirements

damper position duct pressure sensor supply fan
Lets review an illustration. [CLICK] In this example, the building automation system continually communicates with the individual VAV box controllers, looking for the one with the most-open damper. [CLICK] The fans static-pressure setpoint is reset lower and lower until this particular VAV box is nearly wide open. During this process, total supply airflow remains constant because each box opens to maintain its required airflow, but static pressure in the supply duct is reduced. [CLICK] The result is that the supply fan generates only enough static pressure to push the required quantity of air through the critical VAV box. In addition to the fan energy savings, this method assures that zones cannot be starved for air.
P
damper position
fan speed
communicating BAS
85
Slide 86
Controls and ASHRAE 90.1 - existing requirements

More information available:
Engineers Newsletter Live presentation from November, 2009 titled Air-Handling Systems, Energy and IAQ Engineers newsletter article Energy-saving control strategies for rooftop VAV systems, 2006, volume 35-4
For a more details on Fan Pressure Optimization and its benefits, we have two excellent sources of information listed in your bibliography.
86
Slide 87
Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)

Background: VAV systems are designed to bring in at least the minimum outdoor airflow at worst case condition At any other condition, design airflow results in overventilation Goal: Reduce over-ventilating a space by resetting the level of outdoor air introduced during times when occupancy is lower than design conditions
[Matt] Next, lets review another current requirement, Demand Control Ventilation at the Zone level. [CLICK] In a typical VAV system, the air handling unit delivers a mixture of outdoor and recirculated air to individually-controlled zones. Ventilation systems are designed to bring in at least the minimum required outdoor airflow to properly ventilate all zones at the worst case condition. This means that at any other condition, the same intake airflow results in over-ventilation.
87
Slide 88
DCV Methods
Occupancy Sensors Occupancy Schedules CO2 Sensors
Each method is appropriate for different types of zones
88
[MATT] ASHRAE Standard 62 permits the dynamic reset of outdoor airflow as operating conditions change. There are several methods that can be used to help determine the dynamic reset of outdoor airflow [CLICK] Occupancy sensors where whenever the space is detected to be unoccupied, lower ventilation setpoints can be used. [CLICK] Occupancy schedules where ventilation setpoints can be determined based on predictable, scheduled occupancies. [CLICK] CO2 sensors, where ventilation setpoints are adjusted according to the measured CO2 level of a space. [CLICK] A good strategy is to use CO2 sensors on densely occupied rooms and rooms where population varies significantly, while using time of day schedules for areas that are more consistently occupied or unoccupied. [MATT] Finally, occupancy sensors might be used for rooms like private offices that are frequently unoccupied during normal operating hours.
Slide 89
Demand-Controlled Ventilation (DCV)

Required at zone level if: Larger than 500 ft2 Design occupant density greater than 40 people per 1,000 ft2 Served by systems with one or more of the following
An air-side economizer Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air damper
[CLICK] At the zone level, Demand controlled ventilation is required for spaces greater than 500 ft2 [CLICK] and when occupancy rates are greater than 40 people per 1,000 ft2. Also, [CLICK] the system serving the space must include an airside economizer, controls for the outdoor air damper, or a design airflow of greater than 3000 cfm.
or
A design outdoor airflow greater than 3,000 cfm
89
Slide 90
System Level: Ventilation Optimization

Multiple zone VAV systems with DDC shall
automatically reduce outdoor air intake flow below design rates in response to changes in system ventilation efficiency as defined by ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Appendix A.
Exceptions
systems required to have energy recovery in 6.5.6.1 some dual-path systems, such as dual-duct dual-fan or fan-powered VAV systems systems where the design exhaust airflow is more than 70% of the design outdoor air intake airflow
[MATT] Multiple zone VAV systems with DDC shall automatically reduce outdoor air intake flow below design rates in response to changes in system ventilation efficiency as defined by ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Appendix A. Exceptions include systems required to have energy recovery in 6.5.6.1 some dual-path systems, such as dual-duct dual-fan or fanpowered VAV systems systems where the design exhaust airflow is more than 70% of the design outdoor air intake airflow
90
Slide 91
System Level: Ventilation Optimization

air-handling unit with flow-measuring OA damper
OA Reset outdoor airflow
SA
RA
CO2
TOD
CO2
OCC
TOD
OCC
communicating BAS New OA setpoint per ASHRAE 62
DDC VAV controllers Required ventilation (TOD, OCC, CO2) Actual primary airflow (flow ring)
[MATT] This system level ventilation optimization is a new requirement for 2010. [SLIDE] Heres an example of how it might be implemented. [CLICK] The building automation system periodically solves the multiple-zone system equations defined in ASHRAE 62.1. [CLICK] The building automation system then sends the calculated outdoor airflow set point to the air handling unit controller, which modulates the outdoor-air damper to maintain this new set point. The system ensures each zone receives at least its minimum required outdoor airflow. [SUSANNA] The best way to ensure youre ventilating no more than you need to is through outdoor air flow measurement. Whats not required is to dynamically reset the critical zone box position to minimize the system outdoor air fraction. Those of you looking for extra energy savings may want to look at this option, which is permitted under 6.5.2.1. Matt can you give us an example of a system that could have demand control ventilation at the zone level and ventilation optimization at the system level?
91
Slide 92
ventilation optimization
Zone Level: DCV

communicating BAS lounge rest room AHU storage office
[MATT] Sure Susanna. As discussed, flexibility is allowed when choosing the method used for controlling zone ventilation rates [SLIDE] in this example, CO2 sensors, occupancy sensors, and time of day schedules are used.
OCC
CO2 vestibule corridor
elevators
TOD reception area
TOD OCC office CO2 conference rm computer room
92
[CLICK] In addition to resetting the zone outdoor airflow with changes in occupancy, each VAV controller can continuously monitor primary airflow being delivered to the VAV box. The fraction of outdoor air currently required is then calculated for each zone. [CLICK] These zone-level ventilation requirements are combined together in an overall ventilation reset strategy at the system level. For a more detailed review of system level ventilation reset and demand control ventilation at the zone, refer to the Engineers newsletter article mentioned previously. Next, lets look at Pump pressure optimization. A new requirement for 2010.
Slide 93
Controls and ASHRAE 90.1
Pump Pressure Optimization

Control system pump pressure to the lowest level while maintaining chilled (or hot) water flow requirements minimize pump energy When is it required? Systems having a total pump system power exceeding 10 hp
Reduce pump flow rates to 50% or less of the design flow rate
Individual chiller water pumps exceeding 5 hp

Limit demand to less than 30% of design wattage at 50% design water flow
When more than 3 water control valves are used What is needed to implement? Communicating controls on the AHU or terminal unit valves Pressure differential controller Building Automation System
[CLICK] When variable-flow pumping is used in either the chilledwater or hot-water distribution system, a method is needed to control the pump capacity. Similar to the supply fan in a VAV system, the pump is often controlled to maintain a set pressure differential at some location in the piping system. In some systems, a differential pressure transducer is located between the inlet and the discharge of the pump, while in others it is located at the most distant point in the piping system. The goal of Pump Pressure Optimization is to reduce pump pressure to the lowest level while maintaining flow requirements, thereby reducing energy consumption. [CLICK] Pump pressure optimization is required when the system includes control valves designed to modulate open or closed as a function of load. In this case, when system pumping power exceeds 10 hp, the pump flow rates must be reduced to 50% or less of design flow rate. When an individual chillers pump exceeds 5 hp, the pump motor must be able to limit its demand to no more than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design water flow. [CLICK] To implement this control strategy using DDC controls, the system will need: * Communicating controls on the AHU or terminal unit modulating valves * Pressure differential controller * Building automation system
93
Slide 94
Pump Pressure Optimization

Air Handling Units
pressure differential controller /transmitter
control valves with communicating controllers
Lets look at a quick illustration [SLIDE] The BAS continually polls the individual controllers, [CLICK] looking for the valve that is the furthest open. The pumppressure setpoint is then periodically reset [Click] so that at least one valve is nearly wide open. The result is that the pump generates only enough pressure to push the required quantity of water through this critical or furthest open water valve. This strategy results in less pump energy use by allowing the pump to operate at a lower pressure at part-load conditions.
communicating BAS
94
Slide 95
Supply Air Temperature Reset

Background: HVAC systems designed to meet peak cooling loads Cooling load is many times below peak conditions Load can be met with a higher supply air temperature Goals: Decrease compressor energy usage Decrease reheat Increase the effectiveness of economizer Control Sequence Outside air temperature Critical zone Load
Next, let's look at Supply Air Temperature Reset [CLICK] Generally, HVAC systems are designed to meet peak cooling loads. However, in most systems the cooling load is often below peak conditions and can be met using a higher supply air temperature. [Click] Some of the reasons to use Supply Air Temperature Reset include: [CLICK] It Decreases compressor energy usage. Increasing the supply-air temperature reduces compressor energy because it allows the compressor to unload or cycle off. [CLICK] It Decreases reheat energy for those zones with very low cooling loads. When the supply airflow has been reduced to the minimum setting of the VAV box, raising the supply-air temperature also decreases the use of reheat energy. [CLICK] Finally, it Increases the effectiveness of economizers because they will be used more often at higher ambient temperatures. When the outdoor air is cooler than the supply-air setpoint, the compressors are shut off, and the outdoor and return-air dampers modulate to deliver the desired supply-air temperature. A higher supply-air temperature setpoint allows the compressors to be shut off sooner and increases the number of hours when the economizer provides free cooling. [Click] There are two types of control strategies used to reset Supply Air Temperature: Using the outside air temperature as the indicator for when to reset and, Using the critical zone load as a signal to reset There are many tradeoffs between compressor energy, reheat energy, fan energy, and space humidity levels to consider when designing a supply air temperature reset strategy. Each system will need to be analyzed to reconcile the tradeoffs, which are often best balanced by first reducing supply airflow, taking advantage of the significant energy savings from unloading the
95
fan. Then, after fan airflow has been reduced, raise the supply-air temperature to minimize reheat energy and enhance the benefit of the airside economizer. While one could think of numerous control schemes for supply-air-temperature reset, the simplest approach is likely the most commonly applied. Lets look at a common method used to reset Supply Air Temperature - reset based upon outdoor dry bulb temperature. [Slide]
Slide 96
Supply Air Temperature Reset OADB

SA temperature setpoint, F 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 50 55 60 65 70 75 outdoor dry-bulb temperature, F 80
[CLICK] When resetting based upon outdoor dry bulb temperature, the reset high limit is set to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. When the outdoor dry-bulb temperature is warmer than 70, no reset takes place and the supply-air set point remains at its design value of 55. At temperatures above 70 degrees, the outdoor air provides little or no cooling benefit for economizing, and the cooling load in most zones is likely high enough that reheat is not required to prevent sub-cooling the space. Additionally, the colder supply-air temperature allows the system to provide sufficiently dry air to the zones, improving part-load dehumidification. [Click] Next, when the outdoor dry-bulb temperature is between 60 and 70 degrees, the supply-air temperature set point is reset at a 2-to-1 ratio. That is, for every 2 degrees change in the outdoor temperature, the supply-air set point is reset upward 1 degree. In this range, reset enhances the benefit of the economizer and it is likely that some zone-level reheat can be avoided. [CLICK] Finally, when the outdoor temperature is colder than 60 degrees, no further reset occurs, and the set point remains at 60. [Matt] Limiting the amount of reset to 60 degrees, allows the system to satisfy cooling loads in interior zones without needing to substantially oversize VAV terminal units and ductwork. Now, let's look at another reset strategy. [Slide]
96
Slide 97
Supply Air Temperature Reset Critical Zone

BAS lounge rest room storage office
T
vestibule corridor
Supply Air Temperature reset based upon representative building loads is also allowed. In this case, reset is activated based upon the temperature in the critical zone. The critical zone is the one that is most at risk of overcooling, which would require activating local reheat. A building automation system monitors the temperatures in all the zones. The critical zone is determined to be the one with a temperature closest to its heating setpoint. Based upon a signal from the BAS, the rooftop unit resets its supply-air-temperature setpoint to prevent the critical zone from requiring reheat. [Click-Slide]
reception area
elevators
T
office
T
conference rm
T
computer room
97
Slide 98
Supply Air Temp Reset Considerations

Raises humidity levels in the zones
Climate zones 1a, 2a, and 3a are exempted from using supply air temperature reset in ASHRAE 90.1 2010 May incorporate zone humidity into reset sequence
Zones with constant loads must be designed for fully reset SAT
Enables SAT reset while still providing needed cooling to these zones May require larger VAV terminals and ductwork
Supply Air Temperature Reset strategies should be analyzed for the particular system to determine the tradeoffs in energy savings. When considering using supply-air-temperature reset in a rooftop VAV system, first review the system to determine if the savings in compressor and reheat energy will outweigh the increase in fan energy. [CLICK] Also, consider the following: [CLICK] In non-arid climates, warmer supply air means less dehumidification at the coil and higher humidity levels in the zones. [CLICK] Climate zones 1a, 2a, and 3a are exempted from using supply air temperature reset. [CLICK] 90.1 also allows suspension of supply air temperature reset using humidity as a factor in the control sequence. [SUSANNA] [CLICK] Also, zones which are expected to experience relatively constant loads, such as electronic equipment rooms, shall be designed for the fully reset supply temperature. This requirement: [CLICK] Enables reset while still providing needed cooling to these zones [CLICK] May require larger VAV terminals and ductwork. Finally, [CLICK] When supply air is warmer, [CLICK] zones that require cooling will need more air to offset the cooling load. This increases supply fan energy. [CLICK] Remember to use the fan-pressure optimization strategy to minimize the penalty of increased fan energy when the supplyair temperature is raised.
Increases fan energy

Supply air is warmer Zones that require cooling will need more air Employ fan-pressure optimization
98
Slide 99
VAV Reheat Limits

For VAV reheat systems, here are two ways to meet the reheat limit
[MATT] Finally, lets take a look at VAV reheat limits. The control sequence must not allow: Reheating or Recooling of air that was previously heated/cooled Simultaneous mixing of previously heated or previously cooled air or other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling systems in the same zone. However; there are two control methods that can be used to meet the requirement: [slide] The first sequence allows for 30% airflow to be reheated. and An alternative control sequence which allows for 50% reheat maximum for heating and a 20% maximum for the dead band between heating and cooling. [Susanna] If you use site recovered or site sourced energy, you can exceed these limits. Lets review the sequences of operation for each method. In the case of a VAV box with reheat, the VAV box contains an air damper, a flow sensor, communicating controls, and an electric or hot-water heating coil. [Slide]
30% minimum airflow setting (maximum reheat)

can go lower than this airflow in cooling mode
New: alternate sequence for VAV with reheat

raises amount of reheated air to 50% for heating provided 20% airflow in dead band between heating and cooling and modulated between.
requires a discharge air temperature sensor
These limits can be exceeded if site-sourced or siterecovered energy is used
99
Slide 100
Reheat Minimums
Heres the control sequence we been using for a VAV box for decades. When the space calls for cooling, primary airflow is gradually reduced as the cooling load in the space decreases. When the primary airflow reaches the minimum airflow setting for the unit, and the cooling load continues to decrease, the heating coil warms or tempers the air to avoid overcooling the zone. When the zone heating load requires the air to be delivered at a temperature warmer than the zone, the primary airflow may be increased to a higher minimum setting than is used during the cooling mode, but no higher than 90.1 allows for simultaneous heating and cooling, for example 30 percent. Trane and others have had two minimum airflow settings in VAV boxes available for years. This heating minimum airflow setting is needed because when warm, buoyant air is supplied from the ceiling, increased airflow is required to effectively mix the air and avoid temperature stratification in the occupied portion of the zone. The other reason is for safe and proper operation of an electric heating coil. [susanna] One of the overlooked things about having the two different settings in the VAV box, is you can reduce airflow in cooling lower than the airflow setting that corresponds to the maximum reheat limit [click], so long as your other objectives like ventilation can be achieved. If you just have one setting available, or you set them both the same, this isnt possible. And thats the reason why the alternative sequence was developed. Matt lets
30%
20%
100
go through that one. [Click]
Slide 101
Reheat Minimums
Co oli ng
[MATT] OK so heres the new method that can be used for controlling a VAV reheat terminal. [SLIDE] When the zone requires cooling, the control sequence is unchanged; primary airflow is varied between maximum and minimum cooling airflow to maintain the desired temperature in the zone. When primary airflow reaches the minimum cooling airflow setting, and the cooling load continues to decrease, the heating coil is activated to warm the air to avoid overcooling the zone. As more heat is needed, the controller resets the discharge-air temperature setpoint upward to maintain zone temperature at setpoint until it reaches a defined maximum limit. Notice this control sequence requires a discharge-air temperature sensor installed for each VAV terminal. The discharge temperature is limited to minimize temperature stratification when delivering warm air through overhead diffusers. When the discharge-air temperature reaches the maximum limit, and the zone requires more heating, primary airflow is increased, while the discharge-air temperature set point remains at the maximum limit. The result is that the damper and hot-water valve will modulate open simultaneously. By actively controlling the discharge-air temperature, you have more options for reducing with temperature stratification and short circuiting of supply to return.
Le s
Mo re Co oli ng
50% 20%
101
Slide 102
Reheat Minimums
Benefits of traditional VAV reheat sequence
Pre-engineered control sequences Doesnt require a discharge air temperature sensor
[SUSANNA] Heres a summary of the two control strategies. [SLIDE][CLICK] The VAV reheat sequence weve traditionally used has pre-engineered control sequences and doesnt require a discharge air temperature sensor. [CLICK]The alternative sequence requires a discharge air temperature sensor, and the temperature delivered will be lower, due to the increase in airflow at the peak heating design condition. [SUSANNA] Which one uses more energy? I guess it depends on how low you are able to let the cooling minimum airflow get. Nothing in 90.1 prevents you from going lower and reheating the cooling airflow less. [SLIDE][CLICK] If youre using a single minimum setting on the box thats set up for heating design, then Id say the new sequence will use more energy. [MATT] Were planning a program on high performance VAV for 2011, so well use that forum to go over more of the tradeoffs between these two options. Now I will turn it over to Mike Patterson who will discuss changes to Appendix G.
Benefits of alternative VAV reheat sequence

Uses a lower discharge air temperature for less temperature stratification
Energy used by these strategies could be comparable

Using a single minimum setting on the box for both cooling and heating leads to more reheat Increases fan energy at over 30% airflow, decreases fan energy between 20 and 30% airflow
102
Slide 103
Modeling
Slide 104
Appendix G Overview
Changes that clarify existing requirements Changes specific to laboratory applications New baseline system types
[MIKE] Thanks Matt. We will now turn our attention to updates made to Appendix G of the standard. Many of the changes made also affect Section 11, the Energy Cost Budget method; however, we will focus on appendix G changes as these primarily affect national programs such as LEED. You will find significant changes have occurred. Unfortunately, we do not have time to address all the changes. Instead, we will focus on some of the more impactful changes and discuss them here. To begin, appendix G is now a normative section and no longer permissive. What does this mean? This particular change does not have much impact on your normal day-to-day dealings with the standard. It simply incorporates appendix G fully into the standard making it subject to the same rigorous public review process the rest of the standard undergoes. As for the other changes, we can group them into three categories: [SLIDE] [CLICK] Changes that clarify existing requirements [CLICK] Changes specific to laboratory applications And [CLICK] New baseline system types
104
Slide 105
2007 Ventilation Requirements
without addenda
G3.1.2.5 Ventilation. Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates shall be the same for the proposed and baseline building designs. Exception: When modeling demand-control ventilation in the proposed design when it is use is not required by Section 6.4.3.8.
[MIKE] Lets begin by looking at those changes that clarify existing requirements. For those already familiar with 90.1, we will compare associated 2007 requirements with those for 2010. By doing so, the change will be better illustrated. For those unfamiliar with the 2007 standard, it will serve as a means for understanding the impact of and intent behind the change. Lets first look at how to model baseline building ventilation rates compared to the proposed building model. [SLIDE] At first glance, the 2007 requirement appears straight forward. However, some confusion arose as to what the term rate really referred to. Did it refer to the volumetric rate of aircfm? Or, did they mean cfm/per person? Well, ASHRAE cleared up the issue with an official interpretation back in June of 2008. Simply put, ASHRAE wanted the total ventilation cfm for the proposed building to match the baseline building.
105
Slide 106
appendix G
Ventilation Requirements
G3.1.2.5 Ventilation.
Exceptions:
Addendum da
b. When designing systems in accordance with Standard 62.1 Section 6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure, reduced ventilation airflow rates may be calculated for each HVAC zone in the proposed design with a zone air distribution effectiveness (Ez) > 1.0 as defined by Table 6-2 in Standard 62.1. Baseline ventilation airflow rates in those zones shall be calculated using the proposed design Ventilation Rate Procedure calculation with the following change only. Zone air distribution effectiveness shall be changed to (Ez)=1.0 in each zone having a zone air distribution effectiveness (Ez)>1.0. Proposed design and baseline design Ventilation Rate Procedure calculations, as described in Standard 62.1, shall be submitted to the rating authority to claim credit for this exception.
106
[SLIDE] In 2010, things change. Like 2007, the basic requirement remains the same; however, two additional exceptions have been addedB and CA stays the same. So, lets look at Exception B first. In short, it changes how we define ventilation when using ASHRAE 62.1. Simply put, if designing per 62.1, use the same ventilation ratescfm/person and cfm/square footin your baseline as you do in your proposed. With this exception, the total ventilation cfm for the proposed does not have to match the total ventilation cfm of the baseline. The other noteworthy item from this exception deals with zone air distribution effectiveness values. [MIKE] For those who do not know, the zone air distribution effectiveness value describes how effectively ventilation air is distributed throughout a space. Low effectiveness values mean you will have to bring in more ventilation to get the same effect. Therefore, you want a high effectiveness value. [MIKE] The highest defined by 62.1 are for systems that have a floor supply and ceiling return with low-velocity displacement ventilation. These systems have an effectiveness value of 1.2. So, knowing this, we can now make better sense of this exception. Basically, this exception states that you may use an effectiveness value greater than one in your proposed, but your baseline will never use an effectiveness value greater than 1.0. What does this mean? A proposed system with an effectiveness greater than 1.0 will bring in less ventilation air than your baseline because it can more effectively use the air it brings into the system. [MIKE] Now, lets shift our attention to Exception C. This exception clarifies an often asked question regarding increasing proposed building ventilation beyond what is required by the standard. For example, USGBCs LEED Indoor Environmental Quality credit 2 provides one point if the proposed buildings design ventilation is increased 30%. Based on the 2007 version, there was no energy penalty for increasing the proposed airflow by 30% since both the proposed and baseline total building ventilation cfm had to be the same. [SLIDE] In 2010, the proposed design ventilation includes the increase; however, the baseline design does not. So, in this case, the proposed design ventilation will have a greater ventilation requirement than the baseline.
Slide 107
appendix G
Ventilation Requirements
G3.1.2.5 Ventilation (continued).
Addendum da
Exceptions (continued): c. If the minimum outdoor air intake flow in the proposed design is provided in excess of the amount required by the rating authority or building official then the baseline building design shall be modeled to reflect the greater of that required by the rating authority or building official and will be less than the proposed design.
107
Slide 108
appendix G
Ventilation Requirements IEQ Credit 2, Case 1 Requirement ASHRAE 62.1 2007 - Proposed
People based 5 cfm/person * 1.3 = 6.5 cfm/person Area based 0.06 cfm/ft2 * 1.3 = 0.078 cfm/ft2
Addendum da
ASHRAE 62.1 2007 - Baseline

People based 5 cfm/person Area based 0.06 cfm/ft2
108
[SLIDE] Lets look at an example. Using IEQ credit 2 from LEED for New Construction version 3 and focusing on Case 1 from the creditwhich deals with mechanically ventilated spacesThe ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 ventilation rates for an office space are shown. Per the 2010 requirement, we increase the proposed ventilation by 30%. This is done by simply multiplying the requirement by 1.3. As for the baseline design, we simply mirror the ASHRAE 62 values. We would then model the proposed using the increased values and the baseline using the ASHRAE 62 values without the 30% increase. The result of this changethe proposed design will condition more ventilation air than the baseline design. This additional energy use can be overcome in any number of ways.
Slide 109
appendix G
Purchased Chilled Water/Heat

G3.1.1.3.2 Purchased Chilled Water Only.
Addendum ai
System 1 & 2 shall be constant volume fan coils with fossil fuel boilers System 3 & 4 shall be constant volume single zone air handlers with fossil fuel furnace(s) System 7 shall be used in place of System 5 System 8 shall be used in place of System 6
G3.1.1.3.3 Purchased Chilled Water and Purchased Heat.

System 1 shall be constant volume fan coil units System 3 shall be constant volume single zone air handlers System 7 shall be used in place of System 5
G3.1.1.3.4 On-site Distribution Pumps.

All on-site distribution pumps shall be modeled in both the baseline and proposed designs.
109
[MIKE] The next issue clarified in the 2010 standard deals with purchased heat and purchased chilled water. The use of purchased heat is covered in the 2007 standard; however, purchased chilled water is not. Furthermore, the Baseline System Descriptions table, Table G3.1.1B, did not mention either. 2010 expands on purchased heat and addresses purchased chilled water. As would be expected, if you utilize purchased heat or chilled water in the proposed building, then you will also use it in your baseline building model. The change also updates the Baseline System Descriptions table adding these terms; plus, system specifications are defined for each. [SLIDE] This slide shows what system types are used in the baseline building model when purchased chilled water is being used and when both purchased chilled water and heating are used. You will notice fan coils are substituted for the packaged units normally defined by systems 1 and 2. The last change dealing with this topic is straight-forward Simply, model all on-site distribution pumps in both the proposed and baseline designs.
Slide 110
appendix G
Unmet Load Hours Requirement

Temperature control throttling range:
Addendum cr
The number of degrees that room temperature must change in order to go from full heating to no heating or from full cooling to no cooling.
110
[MIKE] Our last clarification deals with unmet hours. This is perhaps one of the most significant clarifications in the new standard. Please notethe associated changes made to the Energy Cost Budget Method slightly differ from those discussed here pertaining to appendix G. If you are employing the ECB Method, please review those changes. To begin, lets take a look at a new term defined by the 2010 standard. [SLIDE] Temperature control throttling range may be a straight forward and seemingly obvious term, but it is a critical component to the revised unmet hour definition and helps clarify the unmet hour concept. It is, the number of degrees that room temperature must change in order to go from full heating to no heating or from full cooling to no cooling. Lets now take a look at the revised unmet hour definition
Slide 111
appendix G

2007 Unmet load hours definition:
Addendum cr
An hour in which one or more zones is outside of the thermostat setpoint range.
2010 Unmet load hours definition:

An hour in which one or more zones is outside of the thermostat setpoint plus or minus one half of the temperature control throttling range. Any hour with one or more zones with an unmet cooling load or unmet heating load is defined as an unmet load hour.
111
[SLIDE] For the benefit of those not familiar with the 2007 definition, it is included here along with the updated 2010 definition. The obvious change is the 2010 definition is much longer. But, the true change is in the clarification made by the additional verbiage. Both definitions start out the same and begin to differ after mentioning the thermostat setpoint range. In the past, we were left wondering what the thermostat setpoint range was. Now, we know it to be plus or minus one half of the temperature control throttling range. Heres an example
Slide 112
appendix G

Throttling range: Throttling range: Setpoint: Thermostat Setpoint Range: 2 F 1 F 75 F 74 - 76 F
Addendum cr
112
[SLIDE] To begin, lets assume a throttling range of 2. The throttling range will vary based on the energy modeling software you use. Some programs allow you to define the throttling range; whereas, others do not. [CLICK] Once the throttling range is known, we can easily determine half the value. [CLICK] Assuming a setpoint of 75, we apply the throttling range to either side of our setpoint. [CLICK] Therefore, if the space is in cooling mode and the temperature is higher than 76 by the end of the hour, then an unmet hour for that space will be generated. [MIKE] Further changes to appendix G clarify that the temperature control throttling range shall be the same in both the proposed and baseline buildings. Additionally, neither the proposed nor baseline may have more than 300 unmet hours. The requirement for the proposed buildings unmet hours not to exceed the baseline total by more than 50 hours has been removed.
Slide 113
appendix G
Laboratory Requirements
Addendum ch
G3.1.3.13 VAV Minimum Flow Setpoints (Systems 5 and 7).
Exception: Systems serving laboratory spaces shall reduce the exhaust and makeup air volume during unoccupied periods to the largest of 50% of zone peak air flow, the minimum outdoor air flow rate, of the air flow rate required to comply with applicable codes or accreditation standards.
113
[MIKE] That is it for the major clarification changes. Before we shift all our attention to laboratories, there is a change worth highlighting regarding the minimum volume setpoint of VAV reheat boxes. In the past, the minimum flow setpoint was defined as 0.4 cfm/square foot. 2010 changes this to 30% of zone peak airflow. With that said, we can now focus on laboratories. The first change deals with what system to use in the baseline building when dealing with a building incorporating laboratory spaces exhausting greater than 5000 cfm. If such a space exists, you will apply System 5, packaged VAV with reheat, or System 7, VAV with reheat. If the building is all electric heat, electric resistance will be used for heating in conjunction with the specified cooling system. Susanna did not have time to cover this, but it is worth noting that this change was made to mirror a change made in the mechanical prescriptive path. The next change deals with an exception to the VAV Minimum Flow Setpoint requirement I mentioned a moment ago. [SLIDE] This exception details how laboratory spaces define their VAV minimum flow setpoints. Specifically, setpoint determination is based on unoccupied periods and reducing exhaust and makeup air volume to the larger of 50% of peak zone airflow, Minimum outdoor air flow rate, or The air flow rate required by applicable code or accreditation standard.
Slide 114
appendix G
Laboratory Requirements
G3.1.2.8 Design Air Flow Rates.
Addendum db
Exception: For systems serving laboratory spaces, use a supply-air-to-room-air temperature difference of 17 deg F or the required ventilation air or makeup air, whichever is greater.
[SLIDE] Staying on the topic of laboratories, an exception for laboratory spaces has been added to the design air flow rate requirement. Laboratory spaces now must use a supply-air-to-room-air temperature difference of 17 degreesinstead of the normally required 20 degree difference. These changes address some of the unique characteristics of laboratory spaces making the baseline building model a better comparison than in previous versions.
114
Slide 115
appendix G
New Systems
Addendum dn
G3.1.1 Baseline HVAC System Type and Description. Exceptions: e. Thermal zones designed with heating only systems in the proposed design, serving storage rooms, stairwells, vestibules, electrical/mechanical rooms, and restrooms not exhausting or transferring air from mechanically cooled thermal zones in the proposed design shall use System type 10 or 11 in the baseline building design.
115
[MIKE] The final change we will take a look at today deals with two new system types. Those in the energy modeling community that have modeled per appendix G in the past are familiar with the requirement to model both mechanical cooling and heating for conditioned spaces regardless if the actual space will include mechanical cooling or not. The 2010 version of the standard addresses this issue and added two baseline systems: System 10, Heating and Ventilation utilizing electric or other heat, and System 11, Heating and Ventilation utilizing fossil fuel, hybrid, or purchased heating sources. [SLIDE] In order to qualify for one of these systems, the proposed design thermal zone must serve one of the space types listed in exception Estorage rooms, stairwells, vestibules, electrical/mechanical rooms or restrooms. Additionally, these spaces may not exhaust or transfer air from mechanically cooled thermal zones. Therefore, if a proposed design thermal zone complies with one of the space types you see here, you may apply one of the new system types to the associated thermal zone in the baseline.
Slide 116
appendix G
New Systems
Addendum dn
G3.1.2.6 Economizers. Outdoor air economizers shall not be included in baseline HVAC Systems 1, 2, 10, and 11 G3.1.2.8.2 Baseline System Types 10 and 11. System design supply airflow rates for the baseline building design shall be based on the temperature difference between a supply air temperature setpoint of 105 F and the design space heating temperature setpoint, the minimum outdoor air flow rate, or the airflow rate required to comply with applicable codes or accreditation standards, whichever is greater.
[SLIDE] Along with these new system types, you will find several supporting requirements. First, economizer controls will not be used in conjunction with these system types. This makes sense when you consider these are heating and ventilation only systems. Two, system design airflow rates are set based on the greatest of the following three criteriadesign space heating temperature setpoint, the minimum outdoor air flow rate, or the airflow rate required to comply with applicable code or accreditation standard.
116
Slide 117
appendix G
New Systems
G3.1.2.9 System Fan Power.
For Systems 10 and 11 (supply fan), Pfan = CFMs * 0.3
Addendum cr
For Systems 10 and 11 (non-mechanical cooling fan if required by Section G3.1.2.8.2), Pfan = CFMnmc * 0.054
[SLIDE] The final requirement associated with the new system types deals with the system fan power equation. Before detailing this requirement, it is imperative we understand these systems do not deal with mechanical cooling. They are heating and ventilation systems only. Therefore, if the proposed design system has mechanical cooling, then these systems can not be used as the associated baseline system. So, when we consider fan energy for these systems, the proposed system may or may not have a fan associated with it. If it does not have an associated fan, then a fan will not be modeled for either the proposed design or the baseline design. However, if the proposed design system has a fan associated with itfor example, a ventilation or heating fan, then the system fan power rules shown here apply. [MIKE] While on the subject of fan energy, lets review the general rule regarding what fans are considered in the appendix G system fan power calculation. When using the appendix G system fan power equation, only the supply, return, exhaust, and relief fans are considered. Any fan powered VAV boxes are not included in the calculations.
117
Slide 118
appendix G
Baseline Design Comparison

General Parameters
75,600 ft2 Office building Columbus, Ohio Rooftop VAV High efficiency equipment Daylighting Enthalpy economizer Improved Supply Air Temperature Reset
Proposed Design
118
[MIKE] That concludes the major changes found in the 2010 version of Appendix G. As mentioned at the beginning, these are only some of the more impactful changes, but there are many others. Please take the time to review Appendix G prior to your first analysis using the 2010 standard. In an effort to illustrate the impact these changes will have, lets take a look at how these changes may affect future energy models. Using TRACE 700, an analysis was conducted comparing the 2010 standard and the 2007 standard against a proposed building design. As many of you are aware, a complete building energy analysis consists of many variables and is highly dependent on geographical location. The values presented here are offered as a means to illustrate the impact of the changes made by the 2010 standard and not necessarily provide definitive results for your projects. In a few minutes, Mick will address a formal analysis being conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratories. [SLIDE] This slide highlights some of the basic assumptions made regarding the baseline building. An office building at just over 75,000 square feet located in Columbus, Ohio was considered. The building is cooled utilizing a rooftop VAV system and heated with electric heat. One alternative was modeled following the Appendix G requirements from the 2007 standard and another alternative was modeled following the 2010 requirements. Finally, the proposed design was modeled the same with some exceptions. The proposed design incorporated several energy conservation measures such as high efficiency equipment, daylighting, enthalpy economizer and supply air temperature reset with a 10 reset instead of the Appendix G required 5 used with the baseline systems. Supply air temperature reset was one of the control strategies Matt spoke about earlier. So, lets look at some results. [SLIDE] What you see here is the total building energy cost for each alternative modeled. The average retail price for electricity in Ohio was used to determine energy costs for the analysis. Only electrical consumption was considered, not demand. Lets briefly review each alternatives results [CLICK] Considering cooling, heating, fan, and lighting/receptacle energy, the 2007 baseline design energy costs just over $75,000. [CLICK] The 2010 baseline costs just over $60,000 and [CLICK] the proposed design cost just under $55,000. Now, lets look at how they compare
Slide 119
baseline design comparison
Results
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Appendix G Analysis
3 Alternative
Proposed Design
$54,954 $60,453 $75,513
2010 Baseline
2007 Baseline
$0
$10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 Energy Cost
119
Slide 120
baseline design comparison
Results
[SLIDE] When we compare the 2007 results to our proposed building [CLICK] We find the proposed building saved 27% in terms of energy costs.
27%
3 Alternative
Proposed Design
2010 Baseline
2007 Baseline
$10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 Energy Cost
$0
120
Slide 121
Comparison Results
9%
3 Alternative
Proposed Design 9%
2010 Baseline
2007 Baseline
$10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 Energy Cost
$0
121
[SLIDE] Now, looking at how the proposed compares to the 2010 alternative. [CLICK] Our savings shrink to 9%. What happened to our savings? In short, the net effect of the changes made in 2010 make it more difficult to achieve energy savings. The good news. We achieved 9% savings from only 4 areas: High Efficiency equipment Implementation of daylighting controls Using an enthalpy economizer compared to the baselines dry bulb economizer And improved supply air temperature reset controls as compared to the baseline. Other areas to consider that were not included here for simplicity are Envelope improvementsthis analysis used the same envelope parameter for all alternatives Lighting design improvementswith the exception of daylighting, the lighting power densities were the same across alternatives Other airside/waterside strategies such as heat recovery and systems with higher ventilation effectiveness should also be considered [MIKE] So, what does this all mean? Finding energy savings when compared to the new 2010 standard will prove more difficult than we saw with the 2007 standard; however, energy savings still exist. As ASHRAE President Lynn Bellenger mentioned in her presidential address, an integrated design approach will be critical towards the optimization of future building design.
Slide 122
Summary
Slide 123
Publication and Final Savings Estimates
Performed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
Savings shared are modeled as of June 28, 2010 Addenda approved by the ASHRAE and IES Boards of Directors will be added to the models Final PNNL savings estimates planned for November 2010
[MICK] So, those are a lot of changes. How did the committee do reaching its WorkPlan goal? Modeling has been done by Pacific Northwest National Laboratories and the results were shared in a seminar delivered at the annual ASHRAE meetings in June. Since the June meetings additional addenda have been approved, and PNNL hopes to have the final savings estimates modeling by about November of this year. Well share both energy and energy cost saving estimates.
123
Slide 124
90.1 Progress Indicator
Including receptacle loads in modeling Including receptacle load in % savings calculation
Energy cost savings % Ventilation rate changes between 62.1-1999 and 62.1-2007 Energy savings %
23.4
24.8
124
In addition to the changes in 90.1, there were ventilation rate changes in ASHRAE Standard 62.1. These are included in the modeling. [SLIDE] From a whole building perspective, including receptacle loads (for example copiers, vending machines, etc.) The energy cost savings is over 23% and the energy savings is almost 25%. [MICK] Recall that earlier we shared the change in the Title, Purpose, and Scope (the TPS) made by Addendum AQ. Until this TPS change, the committee could not address loads from receptacles or processes. So another calculation was made.
Slide 125
Excluding receptacle loads in % savings calculation only
Including receptacle loads in modeling Excluding receptacle load in % savings calculation

Energy cost savings % Ventilation rate changes between 62.1-1999 and 62.1-2007 Energy savings %
If we keep the receptacle thermal loads in the model, but exclude their electrical consumption from the percentage calculation,[SLIDE] the savings estimates rise to almost 29% for cost and 31% for energy!
28.9
30.9
125
Slide 126
as of 28 June 2010
Additional addenda to be included

F Cool Roofs S DX efficiency CK ventilation reset CT, DD Daylighting BF Continuous air barrier others
In addition, there are a significant number of addenda that have yet to be modeled, so the final saving estimates are expected to be even greater. We thank PNNL for their work, and congratulate all who worked on 90.1-2010. [MICK] When I rolled of my position as committee chair in June, I reflected on the many people who helped developed 90.1-2010
Final savings expected to be higher Many thanks to PNNL
126
Slide 127
Thanks to
Mark Hydeman Steve Skalko Jerine Ahmed Susan Isenhour Anderson Wagdy Anis Pete Baselici Jeff Boldt Dave Branson Keith Emerson Drake Erbe Jim Garrigus Jason Glazer Pekka Hakkarainen Richard Heinisch Ned Heminger John Hogan Hy Kaplan Michael Lane Dick Lord Ron Majette Itzhak Maor Jim McClendon Michael Mehl Harry Misuriello Frank Morrison Tim Peglow Eric Richman Maria Spinu Christian Taber Mike Tillou Martha VanGeem Mike Waite Mack Wallace Richard Watson Jerry White Ron Burton Charles Cottrell Craig Drumheller Allan Fraser Ron Kurtz Steve Rosenstock Frank Stanonik Karim Amrane Ernie Conrad Chuck Foster Chad Groshart Merle McBride Ken Sagan Randy Blanchette Don Brundage Brian Hahnlen Susanna Hanson Jonathan Humble Ray McGowan Mike Rosenberg Marty Salzberg Jeff Stein Wayne Stoppelmoor Bill Talbert Dan Walker Jim Bowman Jim Calm Tom Culp Darryl DeAngelis John Dunlap Krishnan Gowri Mark Halvorson David Handwork Scott Hintz Tianzhen Hong Ron Jarnagin Michael Jouaneh Larry Kouma Bing Liu Frank Myers Jeff Park Robert Ross Cedric Trueman Emily Young Randy Casteel Pat Chinoda Paul Lindahl Ken Luther Rick Pavlak Leon Shapiro Jim Watts Rita Harrold Doug Reindl John Montgomery David Schaaf Dennis Sczomak David Weitz Robin Wilson ASHRAE/IES Ken Brendan Cassandra Craig Lawrence Brown Beverly Fulks John Lewis Steve Hammerling Bill Holy Bruce Hunn Frank Jakob Susan LeBlanc Michael Woodford Jeff Littleton Tony Arbore Judy Marshall Todd Brown Cindy Michaels Leo Smith Angela McFarlin Dennis Stanke Mark Owen Our employers Elizabeth Parrish Public Lilas Pratt Commenters Claire Ramspeck NMHC Stephanie Reiniche GANA Presenters at meetingsAmelia Sanders Emily Scott CMP proposers Emily Sigman Interpretation requesters Matt Walker PNNL Staff (analysis) Mark Weber Brian Thornton Jan Young Dr. Weimin Wang SPLS Dr. Yulong Xie Carol Marriott Dr. Heejin Cho Standards Committee Dr. Jian Zhang Steve Bushby Yunzhi Huang Technology Council Rahul Athalye Tom Watson Vrushali Mendon Boards of Directors All our families Kent Peterson Bill Harrison Gordon Holness Lynn Bellenger
Steve Ferguson,
ASHRAE Staff Liaison aka Radar
127
They include Project Committee voting members [CLICK] Subcommittee voting members and Consultants [CLICK] Liaisons and Past SSPC members [CLICK] Technical Committees and the ASHRAE Standards Committee, Technology Council and IES and ASHRAE Boards [CLICK] Public review commenters, people who proposed addenda and industry groups an important part of the open, consensus process. Our cosponsoring organization IES ASHRAE staff. One group that is often forgotten is our families who sacrifice so that we were able to perform the work of the society. We dont expect you to be able to read the names, but the purpose is to show that 90.1-2010 is the result of literally hundreds of peoples work, for thousands and thousands of hours. [CLICK] There is one, single person who has done an amazing amount of work the ASHRAE staff Liaison to SSPC 90.1. We call him Radar many refer to him as Steve Ferguson. Thanks to all for their work on this, and to you for taking the time to stay up-to-date with the changes that reduce the energy
consumption and cost of buildings. Jeanne?
Slide 128
summary
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010
[Jeanne] Well, that brings us to end of the today's presentation. Today weve provided you with a long list of changes to Standard 90.1 and some examples of approaches for you, the designer. Bottom line is that the new requirements will help drive building energy use down
128
Slide 129
references for this broadcast
Where to Learn More
[SLIDE] There is an Engineers Newsletter that supplements todays program and a bibliography with additional resources is available - ask for copies from you local site coordinator.
www.trane.com/
129
Slide 130
watch past broadcasts
www.trane.com/enl
Insightful topics on HVAC system design: Chilled-water plants Air distribution Refrigerant-to-air systems Control strategies Industry standards and LEED Energy and the environment Acoustics Ventilation Dehumidification
[SLIDE] Additionally, past broadcasts are available to order on trane.com - check out the website for information on specific broadcasts.
www.trane.com/ENL
130
Slide 131
Continuing Education
Earn an average of 1.5 learning units New courses added monthly Topics include: Central Geothermal Systems ASHRAE Standards Ice Storage Industry standards and LEED Energy and the environment
Or visit trane.com/continuing education for on-demand programs accredited for LEED continuing education and AIA CES learning units. [JEANNE] Please remember to fill out a survey and let us know how we're doing. AIA members, please remember to turn in your member information to your local site coordinator.
www.trane.com/ContinuingEducation
131
Slide 132
2011
March
Upgrading Chilled-Water Systems
June
High Performance VAV Systems
October
Dedicated Outdoor Air Units
[SLIDE] We are excited to announce our 2011 Engineers Newsletters Live program line up. In Spring well be back to discuss upgrades and improvements to chilled-water systems to increase efficiency and better serve building occupants. In June well discuss design and control strategies that can significantly reduce energy use and ensure proper ventilation in VAV systems and, in fall, well cover various types of equipment used for dedicated OA conditioning [JEANNE] So mark your calendars! Thanks for joining us today Have a fabulous holiday season well see you in Spring!
132
Slide 133
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010,

Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
engineers newsletter live
Presenter Biographies
October 2010 ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Mick Schwedler, | manager, applications engineering | Trane Mick has been involved in the development, training, and support of mechanical systems for Trane since 1982. With expertise in system optimization and control (in which he holds patents), and in chilled-water system design, Micks primary responsibility is to help designers properly apply Trane products and systems. To do so, he provides one-on-one support, writes technical publications, and presents seminars. A recipient of ASHRAEs Distinguished Service Award, Mick is the immediate past Chair of SSPC 90.1, which was responsible for writing ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007, a prerequisite for LEED. He also contributed to the ASHRAE GreenGuide and is a former member of the LEED Energy and Atmospheric Technical Advisory Group (TAG). Mick earned his mechanical engineering degree from Northwestern University and holds a masters degree from the University of Wisconsin Solar Energy Laboratory. He also is a registered professional engineer in the State of Wisconsin. Susanna Hanson | applications engineer | Trane Susanna is an applications engineer at Trane with over twelve years of experience with chilled-water systems and HVAC building load and energy analysis. Her primary responsibility is to aid system design engineers and Trane personnel in the proper design and application of HVAC systems. Her main areas of expertise include chilled-water systems and ASHRAE Standard 90.1. She is also a Certified Energy Manager. She has authored several articles on chilled water plant design, and is a member of ASHRAE SSPC 90.1 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. Susanna earned a bachelors degree in industrial and systems engineering from the University of Florida, where she focused on building energy management and simulation. Mike Patterson | sales training manager | Trane Mike joined Trane as a Marketing Engineer with Customer Direct Service (C.D.S.), the group responsible for the development of and training for HVAC design and analysis software. As a CDS engineer he developed expertise in the areas of energy modeling and ASHRAE Standard 90.1. Mike was specifically responsible for the development and continuity of the TRACE 700 training programs including modules on ASHRAE Standard 90.1 & LEED. As an instructor, he was responsible for training customers on energy fundamentals and energy modeling programs. Currently Mike is involved with the Trane Graduate Training Program and is responsible for the development and training of sales and marketing engineers for Trane. Prior to joining Trane, Mike spent 10 years as a pilot in the United States Air Force with over 2,300 hours in the KC-135 and T-37. Mike is a LEED AP BD+C and earned his bachelors degree in Engineering Mechanics from the United States Air Force Academy. He also holds a Masters in Business Administration from Regis University. Matthew Bye |product engineer | Trane Matt is a Product engineer at Trane with over 15 years of experience in designing, managing, and implementing energy management related products and services. Currently, his primary responsibility is the design and definition of Building Automation Systems controls and software applications. He is a LEED accredited professional. He has also designed software on behalf of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) that is used by electric utilities across the country to model incentives for energy efficiency programs, design demand response programs, and aid in the develop tariffs. Matt began his career implementing demand side management programs for the local electric utility and has found the study of energy from production to end use to be fascinating. One of his favorite recent projects was co-authoring a winning grant to install 600kW of solar photovoltaics on the roof of a local facility. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Energy Management at Minnesota State University.

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live - ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live - ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010,

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

What youll learn

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

Mick Schwedler Applications Engineering Manager

Mike Patterson Sales training manager

Matthew Bye Product engineer

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

Development Overview of 90.1

2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

90.1-1999 major rewrite 90.1-1980 updated

90.1-2001 minor revisions

90.1-1989 updated 90-1975 first issued

90.1-2004 updates, reorganization 90.1-2007 updates

90.1-2010 (planned) extensive updates

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

EAp2: Minimum energy performance

EAc1: Optimize energy performance

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

90.1-2010 = 90.1-2007 + All IES and ASHRAE BOD approved addenda

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

Approved by ASHRAE oversight committees Public Review

Must reach consensus

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

Additional web meetings Monthly (or more often) conference calls

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

119 Addenda processed

2010 Users Manual in progress

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

Does Not Apply To

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

Allowance up to 40% WWR (Addendum cx)

2010 Trane, a business of Ingersoll-Rand

2010 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Program Series

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

Climate Zones and Climatic Data Normative Appendices B and D