Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Tables of Contents Abstract2 Introduction.3-4 Purpose, Hypothesis, Significance5 Materials & Methods5-6 References..7

Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract:
Cancers that are acute usually get worse quickly if they are not treated. Cancers that are chronic usually get worse slowly. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is also called acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In AML, the myeloid stem cells usually develop into a type of immature white blood cell called myeloblasts (or myeloid blasts). The myeloblasts, or leukemia cells, in AML are abnormal and do not become healthy white blood cells. The leukemia cells can build up in the blood and bone marrow so there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. When this happens, infection, anemia, or easy bleeding may occur. The leukemia cells can spread outside the blood to other parts of the body, including the central nervous system(brain and spinal cord), skin, and gums. Sometimes leukemia cells form a solid tumor called a granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma.

Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to presentation and clinical outcome. The prognostic value of recently identified somatic mutations has not been systematically evaluated in a phase 3 trial of treatment for AML. Previous studies have highlighted the clinical and biologic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).However, a relatively small number of cytogenetic and molecular lesions have sufficient relevance to influence clinical practice. (Shlenk, Doher, 2008) Leukemia is the most common cancer in children and adolescents. It accounts for about 1 out of 3 cancers in children. Overall, however, childhood leukemia is a rare disease. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) accounts for about 3 out of 4 leukemia cases among children and teens. Most of the remaining cases are acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Chronic leukemias are rare in children. ALL is most common in early childhood, peaking between 2 and 4 years of age. Cases of AML are more spread out across the childhood years, but it is slightly more common during the first 2 years of life and during the teenage years. ALL is slightly more common among white children than among African-American and Asian-American children, and it is more common in boys than in girls. AML occurs about equally among boys and girls of all races. Acute myeloid leukemia consists of a group of malignant disorders characterized by the replacement of normal bone marrow with abnormal, primitive hematopoietic cells. If untreated, the disorder uniformly results in death, usually from infection or bleeding. Although the cure rate has improved, treatments are associated with notable morbidity and mortality. The long-term survival rate for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia is nearly 60%. Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for about 35% of childhood deaths from leukemia. Mortality is a consequence of resistant progressive
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Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

disease or treatment-related toxicity. (Weinblatt ,2011) About 30% of children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia suffer from relapses. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is also called acute

myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In AML, the myeloid stem cells usually develop into a type of immature white blood cell called myeloblasts (or myeloid blasts). The myeloblasts, or leukemia cells, in AML are abnormal and do not become healthy white blood cells. The leukemia cells can build up in the blood and bone marrow so there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. When this happens, infection, anemia, or easy bleeding may occur. The leukemia cells can spread outside the blood to other parts of the body, including the central nervous system(brain and spinal cord), skin, and gums. Sometimes leukemia cells form a solid tumor called a granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma.

Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Purpose: This study investigates the remaining 30% of adolescents and the lives that they are put through once more. The children who have thought that the journey was over just to realize that it is just beginning and they have to conquer this disease once more. The children who are often forgotten and have to go through the rough treatments and think why me? Well the purpose of this study is to review the lives of adolescents after they are diagnosed with relapse. Hypothesis: If about 30% of children begin relapses, then about 25% of children will believe that they could be in remission again. Significance: This study is important because most people do not realize the effect on adolescents and how they react to being in relapses. The study would help get a better understanding of how children feel and how they want to develop. The adolescents would see the benefits from this by the patients and their caregivers. Materials and Methods: I would interview about 100 adolescents currently in relapse for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. These interviews would take place around New York City in different hospitals. I would interview children from as young as 5 years old to about 17 years old. Since these adolescents are underage they will need to have a parental consent form signed allowing them to be interviewed. Each interview would be about 10 questions. They will approximately take about

Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

25-30 minutes. I want to let the true feelings of the children show. I believe in taking a longer time with them I would get a better understanding of what they are going through.

Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

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Lives after relapses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Satwani, P., Bahita, M., Garvin jr. , J. H., George, D., Dela cruz, F., Le Gall, J., . . . Cairo, M. S. (2012). A Phase I Study of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) in Combination with Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with PoorRisk CD331 AML: A New Targeted Immunochemotherapy Myeloablative Conditioning (MAC) Regimen. Blood Marrow Transplant, 18, 309-329. Schlenk, R., Dhner, K., Krauter, K., Frhling, S., Corbacioglu, A., Bullinger, L., . . . Dhner, H. (2008). Mutations and Treatment Outcome in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia . New England Journal of Medicine, (358), 1909-1918. doi:10.1056 Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa074306 Von Neuhof, C., Reinhardt, D., Sander, A., Zimmermann, M., Bradtke, J., Betts, D. R., . . . Creutzig, U. (2010). Prognostic Impact of Specic Chromosomal Aberrations in a Large Group of Pediatric Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated Uniformly According to Trial AML-BFM 98. Journal of Clinical Oncology , 28(16), 2682-2689. doi:10.1200 Retrieved fromhttp://jco.ascopubs.org/content/28/16/2682.full.pdf+html