Potempa Christian Morality Semester 1 Study Guide Vocab: -Nature of Humanity: - Human Dignity: at the very heart of our

self-chosen moral identity - Ethics: the systematic or philosophical study of the code of conduct - Morality: a person or group code which governs its conduct - Judgementalism: judging people as either good or bad because of isolated actions - Individualism: being who you are and who you say you are - Conformity: going along with the crowd - Moral: pertaining to the principles of rules of right - Amoral: having no moral standards, restraints, or right or wrong - Immoral: violating moral principles, doing something wrong - Nonmoral: moral judgments dont apply - Magisterium: official teaching authority of the Catholic Church - Eschatology- study of last things or ending result - Aggiornamento: literally means bringing up to date - Models of Moral Theology: 1. Theological- views moral life in terms of the goal or end 2.Deontologicalduty, law, or obligation 3. Relational- in terms of a persons multiple relationships with God, neighbors, the world, or themselves - Common Good: 1. Utilitarian view- the greatest possible good for greatest amount of people 2. Catholic view- benefits entire community by allowing each individual to become their best self - Subsidiarity: principle which allows for freedom and ownership - Solidarity: for Christians its essential to act in favor of the well-being of all - Nihilism: philosophy that denies any meaning in existence of religion - Freedom: power rooted in reason and will to perform deliberate actions of ones own responsibility - Free Will: the power to perform deliberate actions of ones own responsibility - Virtue: healthy habits that help us do well and empower us to be what God wants us to be

- Vice: when that power is turned to evil, a bad habit that inclines us to choose the evil rather than the good - Theological Virtues: foundation of Christian moral life; faith- enables us to believe in God, hopeenables us to desire Heaven and eternal life, and love/charity- the greatest virtue of all that enables us the love God and our neighbor - Cardinal Virtues: 4 hinge virtues that support moral living; prudence- practical wisdom or responsible decision making, justice-giving God and their neighbor what is due by right, fortitude- strength and courage to stand firm in our own convictions and to do the morally right thing, and temperancemoderation that brings balance into our life - Three Components That Make Up A Sin: 1. Objection- the act itself, 2. Intention- the motive for the act, 3. Circumstances- can decrease or increase our culpability for an act - Discernment: a decision making process that attends to the implications and consequences of an action or choice - Subjective Dimension of Morality: the intention, the motive for a sin - Natural Law: written on our hearts the universal moral law given by God for all creatures, and knowable by reason alone - Greatest Commandment: love God above all else, love your neighbor as yourself - Sermon on the Mount: the greatest teachings on morality, a perfect standard for a Christian life -Kingdom/ Reign of God: - Beatitudes: focal point of Sermon on the Mount, like the 10 commandments, ways of being that help in the moral life, offer hope in the face of suffering or trouble - Metanoia- Greek term for repentance, a turning away from sin with the intention of living a Christian life - Discipleship: the mandate of all baptized Christians to follow Jesus and participate in His role as priest, prophet, and king - Charism: special gifts the Holy Spirit gives to individual Christians to build up the Church - Duress: freedom is impeded when someone tries to force us to do something - Inadvertence: not paying attention or being distracted while we are acting - Imputable: a scribed, attributed, or definitely linked to a specific accountable person or entity - Ignorance: simply not knowing what we should or should not do

-Inordinate Attachment: when possessions enslave us to such a degree that we do not act with full freedom - Precepts of the Church: the minimal obligations for members in good standing of the Catholic faith community - Sacramental Grace: specific graces that come from particular sacraments - Sanctifying Grace: holy a permanent disposition to live and act in keeping with Gods call - Actual Grace: God intervenes in the moment you need it - Integrity: adherence to moral and ethical principles, - Conscience: an act of applying knowledge to conduct good vs. bad - Primacy of Conscience: if you believe you are doing something in good conscience and it is the right thing you should do it no matter what anyone else says - Erroneous Conscience: you made a decision in good conscience but it was a wrong thing to do - Consequent Conscience: after of during conduct - Antecedent Conscience: before conduct - Sin in Scripture: rebellion against Gods will, deliberate action that results in the breakdown of relationships - Mortal Sin Requirements: grave matter, full knowledge, complete consent - Venial Sin: act which is inconsistent with our fundamental orientation to God, not as serious as a mortal sin - Serious Sin: venial sin which admits degrees of seriousness - Sin of Omission: failing to do what you should - Sin of Commission: doing something you shouldnt - Occasion of Sin: placing yourself in a situation where sin is most likely to occur - Effects of Original Sins: the first sin entered the world and now affects everyone negatively; we are all touched by the effects of sin in the world, 1. Death 2. Alienation 3. Attraction to Vice - Social Sin: organization of some levels of society functions to the detriment of groups/individuals in a society - 4 Parts of Sacramental Reconciliation: Contrition, Confession, Penance, and Absolution

- Covet: to desire to have something - Active Euthanasia/Direct: act that causes death in order to eliminate suffering - Passive Euthanasia/Indirect: act meant to reduce suffering, unintentional death - Physician-Assisted Suicide: when a doctor causes death - Suicide: an act to directly cause ones own death - Martyrdom: dying for your faith, not suicide (intent to die isnt there) - Dr. Kevorkian: retired doctor who helped over 130 people commit suicide - Dualistic View of Sex: identified with the physical/lower part of ourselves - Sacramental View: all sexual acts must be unative and procreative, the physical is a doorway to the sacred - Sex: physical characteristics - Gender: physiological and personal traits - Abstinence: refraining from sexual activities - Chastity: if single- abstinence, if married- following expectations of moral law - Teen Pregnancy: U.S. has highest rates, 35% of young women are becoming pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20, teen moms are less likely to complete high school - Homosexuality: they must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity - Unative: producing union and communion between 2 people - Procreative: open to the possibility of the conception of a child