CAT II: EMG 2208 MECHANICS OF MACHINES- Nov, 2012 Instructions to Candidates: Answer all Questions Q1.

a) A screw jack is used to raise a load of 5 tonnes. The pitch of single start square threads used for the screw is 20 mm. The mean diameter is 80 mm. If the coefficient of friction between the srew and nut is 0.2, determine: a) The toque to raise the load; ii) The mechanical efficiency of the screw jack; and iii) The toque to lower the load b) Explain briefly the differences between epicyclic gear trains and other gear trains. What are the special advantages of epicyclic gear trains? c) What are the various types of the torques in an epicyclic gear train? How are they derived? Q2. a) Write short notes on the following: i) Kinematic link, ii) Kinematic chain, iii) Inversion, iv) Chain drive, v) Difference between a machine and a structure, vi) Aronhold Kennedys Theorem of three instantaneous centres b) Explain briefly the differences between simple and compound gear trains. c) (i) State what you understand by degrees of freedom of a mechanism. (ii) Describe the criterion used to determine the degrees of freedom a mechanism and use it to determine the mobility of the mechanisms shown in Figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) then classify them.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (iii) What is the difference between Grublers criterion and Kutzbach equation for Plane Mechanisms. Give five examples to show how Kutzbach equation is used to classify a mechanism. d) Derive an expression for the ratio of the tensions on the two sides of a flat belt drive when the belt is about to slip.

Q3. a) Derive an expression for the ratio of times taken in forward and return stroke for a crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism. b) Derive an expression for the effort, P, required to pull a load up a rough inclined plane. The angle between the line of action of P and the inclined plane is , and the angle of inclination is . Determine the value of this effort if the load to be pulled is 600Kg, = 200, = 150, and the coefficient of friction between the load and plane, = 0.13. c) The crank of a slider crank mechanism rotates clockwise at a constant speed of 300 r.p.m. The crank is 150 mm and the connecting rod is 600 mm long. Determine : i) Linear velocity and acceleration of the midpoint of the connecting rod, and ii) angular velocity and angular acceleration of the connecting rod, at a crank angle of 45 from inner dead centre position. Q4. a) Derive an expression for the inertia force (F) on the piston due to the engine reciprocating masses (R) in terms of crank radius (r), connecting rod length (l), and crank angle (). b) The crank-pin circle radius of a horizontal engine is 300mm. The mass of the reciprocating parts is 240 kg. When the crank has traveled 60 from I.D.C., the difference between the driving and the back pressures is 450KN/m2. The connecting rod length between centres is 1250mm and the cylinder bore is 450mm. If the engine runs at 250 r.p.m. and if the effect of piston rod diameter is neglected, calculate: i) side thrust on the cylinder, ii) Thrust in the connecting rod, iii) Tangential force on the crank-pin, and iv) Turning moment on the crank shaft. Q5. a) Write brief notes on the various classifications of kinematic pairs. b) Give two expressions that relate the number of links and number of pairs in a mechanism. With the aid of sketches give four examples to show the use of the expressions given. c) State Grashof s law for a four bar mechanism. Why is this law important in designing the mechanism? d) Define link and show by means of sketches the different types of links. Q6. a) Explain what you understand by instantaneous centre. b) Give the formula for the number of instantaneous centres for any mechanism. c) With aid of a sketch show the number of instantaneous centres for a four-bar mechanism and classify them. d) State and prove the Aronhold Kennedys Theorem of three instantaneous centres.