TOPIC 3: CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

1 The molecular formula of butanoic acid is C3H7COOH. Calculate the relative molecular mass of butanoic acid.

Formula molekul bagi asid butanoik ialah C3H7COOH. Hitungkan jisim molekul relatif bagi asid butanoik..
[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]

[Jisim atom relatif H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]

A B C D 58 68 88 98

The table shows the relative atomic masses of nitrogen and oxygen. Jadual menunjukkan jisim atom bagi unsur nitrogen dan oksigen. . Element Unsur Nitrogen, N Nitrogen, N Oxygen,O Oksigen, O Relative Atomic Mass Jisim atom relatif 14 16

Nitrogen and oxygen react to form nitrogen dioxide gas. What is the relative molecular mass of nitrogen dioxide gas? Nitrogen dan oksigen bertindak balas untuk membentuk gas nitrogen dioksida.. Apakah jisim molekul relatif bagi gas nitrogen dioksida? A B C D 3 30 44 46 92

What is the relative molecular mass of ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4? Apakah jisim molekul relatif bagi ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4? [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, N = 14, O = 16, S = 32] A.114 B.116 C.118 D.132

4.

How many times are one atom of bromine heavier than one atom of calcium? [Relative atomic mass: Ca, 40; Br, 80]

Berapa kali satu atom bromin lebih berat daripada satu atom kalsium? [Jisim atom relatif: Ca, 40; Br, 80]

A B C D

0.2 0.5 2.0 5.0

5.

Which of the following amount of substances contains the same number of atom as in 0.72 g of magnesium? [The relative atomic mass of H=1, C=12, O=16, Mg=24, Ca=40, Avogadro constant = 6.0 X 1023 mol-1] A 0.06 g hydrogen gas B 0.12 g calcium C 0.48 g oxygen gas D 0.69 g carbon

Table shows the relative atomic mass of elements Q and T.

Jadual menunjukkan jisim atom relative bagi unsur Q dan unsur T.

Element Relative atomic mass

Unsur
Q T

Jisim atom relatif

32 64

Which of the following is true about the atoms of elements Q and T ?

Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang atom bagi unsure Q dan unsur T?
A The mass of one atom of Q is 32 g

Jisim satu atom Q ialah 32g

B The number of protons in atom T is 64

Bilangan proton dalam atom T ialah 64

C 1 mole of Q has the same mass as 1 mole of T

1 mol Q mempunyai jisim yang sama dengan 1 mol T

D 2moles of Q have the same mass as 1 mole of T 2 mol Q mempunyai jisim yang sama dengan 1 mol T

7.Table 6 shows the relative atomic mass of elements X and Y.

Element X Y

Relative atomic mass 16 64

TABLE 6 Which of the following is true about the atoms of elements X and Y? A B C D The mass of one atom of X is 16 g The number of protons in atom Y is 64 4 moles of X have the same mass as 1 mole of Y 2 atoms of Y is four times heavier than one atom of X

8.Which of the following is the number of molecules in 1 mole of carbon dioxide, CO2? [Avogadro constant = 6.0 X 1023 mol-1] A B C D 1.5 X 1023 molecules 6.0 X 1023 molecules 1.2 X 1024 molecules 2.4 X 1024 molecules

9.

What is the number of molecules in 32 g of oxygen gas ? Apakah bilangan molekul dalam 32 g gas oksigen? [ Relative atomic mass of O = 16 and Avogadros Constant is 6 x 10 23 mol -1 ] [ Jisim atom relatif bagi O = 16 dan Pemalar Avogadro ialah 6 x 10 23 mol -1] A 6.0 x 10 23 B 1.2 x 10 24

C 9.6 x 10 24 D 1.9 x 10 25

10

What is the percentage of nitrogen by mass in ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3? Apakah peratus nitrogen dalam ammonium nitrat NH4NO3 mengikut jisim? [ Relative atomic mass:H= 1, N = 14 ,O= 16] [ Jisim atom relatif : H= 1, N = 14, O= 16] A 3.50 % B 8.75 % C 17.50 % D 35.00 %

11

Which of the following has the most number of atoms? Antara berikut, yang manakah mempunyai bilangan atom yang paling banyak?

[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16; S, 32] [Jisim atom relatif: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16; S, 32] A B C D 2.0 g of hydrogen 2.0 g hidrogen 18.0 g of carbon 18.0 g karbon 30.0 g of oxygen 30.0 g oksigen 62.0 g of sulphur 62.0 g sulfur

12 Diagram 5 shows a part of set up apparatus to determine the empirical formula of metal oxide. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebahagian dari radas untuk mengenalpasti formula empiriks bagi oksida logam. H2

Diagram 5 Rajah 5 Which of the metal oxide cannot be used by this method? Oksida logam yang manakah tidak boleh ditentukan menggunakan kaedah ini.? A Zinc oxide Zink oksida B Lead(II) oxide Plumbum(II) oksida C Copper(II) oxide Kuprum(II) oksida D Iron(III) oxide Ferum(II) oksida
13 3.1 g metal oxide M contains 2.3 g of metal M. Determine the emperical formula of metal oxide M.

3.1 g oksida logam M mengandungi 2.3 g logam M.Tentukan formula empirik bagi oksida logam M.
[Relative atomic mass of M = 23, O = 16]

[Jisim atom relatif M = 23, O = 16]

A B C D

MO M2O MO2 M2O2

14. Diagram 5 shows a part of set up apparatus to determine the empirical formula of metal oxide. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebahagian dari radas untuk mengenalpasti formula empiriks bagi oksida logam. H2

Diagram 5 Rajah 5 Which of the metal oxide cannot be used by this method? Oksida logam yang manakah tidak boleh ditentukan menggunakan kaedah ini.? A Zinc oxide Zink oksida B Lead(II) oxide Plumbum(II) oksida C Copper(II) oxide Kuprum(II) oksida D Iron(III) oxide Ferum(II) oksida 15. 9.75 g of element X reacted with 63.5 g of element Y to form a compound with the formula XY2. What is the relative atomic mass of element X?. [Given that the relative atomic mass of Y=127] 9.25 g unsur X bertindak balas dengan 63.5 g unsur Y untuk membentuk satu sebatian yang mempunyai formula XY2. Berapakah jisim atom relatif unsur X? [Diberi jisim atom relatif Y=127] A B C D
16

23 39 40 88

3.12 g of metal J reacts with o.64 g of oxygen to form a compound with the empirical formula J2O. What is the relative atomic mass of metal J? [Relative atomic mass of O = 16 ]

Apakah jisim atom relatif logam J? [Jisim atom relative O = 16 ] A B C D 39 55 78 156

17

2.10 g of element Q combined with 0.80 g of element R to produce a compound with formula Q3R4. What is the relative atomic mass of element Q? 2.10 g unsur Q berpadu dengan 0.80 g unsur R untuk menghasilkan sebatian dengan formula Q3R4. Berapakah jisim atom relatif unsur Q? [Relative atomic mass : R = 16] A B C D 14 42 56 58

18.Table 3 shows the mass of carbon and hydrogen in a compound with their respective atomic masses.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan jisim karbon dan hidrogen dalam suatu sebatian dengan jisim atom relatif masing-masing.

Element
Unsur

C 3.6 12 Table 3
Jadual 3

H 0.6 1

Mass/g
Jisim/g

Relative atomic mass

Jisim atom relatif

What is the empirical formula of the compound? Apakah formula empirik bagi sebatian tersebut? A B C D CH4 CH3 CH2 CH

19. 7 g of hydrocarbon contains 1 g of hydrogen. Which of the following molecular formulae most probably represent represent the hydrocarbon? [Relative atomic mass, H=1; C=12]
7 g suatu hidrokarbon mengandungi 1 g hidrogen. Antara formula molekul berikut, yang manakah mungkin mewakili hidrokarbon tersebut? [Jisim atom relatif; H=1; C=12]

I II III IV A B

C3H6 C5H12 C4H8 C6H6 II sahaja I dan III sahaja

C D

II dan IV sahaja I, III dan IV sahaja

20.

1.72 g of an oxide of metal X contains 0.8 g oxygen. What is the empirical formula of the oxide? 1.72 g oksida logam X mengandungi 0.8 g oksigen. Apakah formula empirik bagi oksida itu? [Relative atomic mass : X = 46 ; O = 16] A B C D XO2 X2O X2O3 X2O5

21.Table 5 shows the mass and the relative atomic mass of elements M and oxygen.

Element M Mass/g 2.7 Relative atomic mass 27 TABLE 5

O 2.4 16

Which of the following is the empirical formula of oxide of M? A MO B MO2 C M2O D M2O3 22 Molecular formula of butene is C4H8. What is the empirical formula of butene? Formula molekul butena ialah C4H8 Apakah formula empirik butena? CH A B C D CH2 CnH2n (CH2)n

23. Given the formulae for aluminium ion is Al3+ and sulphate ion is SO42- . Choose the correct chemical formula of alumminium sulphate. Diberi formula ion aluminium ialah Al3+ dan ion sulfat ialah SO42- . Pilih formula kimia yang betul bagi aluminium sulfat. A B C D Al(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3 Al3(SO4)2 AlSO4

24

An atom of element M has 4 shells containing electrons. When element M reacts with chlorine, a compound with the formula MCl is formed. Which of the following is element M? Given that the proton number of Na =11, Si =14, K =19 Ca =20 Atom unsur M mempunyai 4 petala berisi elektron. Apabila unsur M bertindak balas dengan gas klorin, sebatian berformula MCl terbentuk. Antara berikut, yang manakah unsur M? Diberi nombor proton Na =11, Si =14, K =19 Ca =20
A B C D Calcium Kalsium Sodium Natrium Silicone Silikon

25

Potassium Kalium The formula for a sulphate ion is SO42- and for a nitrate is NO3If the formula of the sulphate salt of T is TSO4, what is the formula of nitrate salt of T? Formula bagi ion sulfat ialah SO42- dan ion nitrat ialah NO3Jika formula garam sulfat bagi T ialah TSO4, apakah formula garam nitrat bagi T? A B C D TNO3 T2NO3 T(NO3)2 T(NO3)3

26

Which of the following chemical formulae is correct?

Antara berikut, yang manakah formula kimia yang betul?

A B C D Cu2Cl AlCl3 NaO2 BaOH

27

The following is chemical equation for a reaction.

Berikut ialah persamaan kimia bagi satu tindak balas.

CaCO3 + 2HNO3
Which of the following are reactants?

Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

Antara berikut, yang manakah bahan tindak balas?

A B C D

H2O and CO2 HNO3 and CO2 CaCO3 and HNO3 Ca(NO3)2, H2O and CO2

28

Given the formulae for aluminium ion is Al3+ and sulphate ion is SO42- . Choose the correct chemical formula of alumminium sulphate. Diberi formula ion aluminium ialah Al3+ dan ion sulfat ialah SO42- . Pilih formula kimia yang betul bagi aluminium sulfat. A B C D Al(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3 Al3(SO4)2 AlSO4

29

The equation shows the reaction between V and W,

Persamaan menunjukkan tindak balas antara V dan W

2W

Which of the following statements is true?

Antara pernyataan berikut manakah benar?

V and W are the products of the reaction

V dan W adalah hasil tindak balas

B X and Y are the reactants of the reaction

X dan Y adalah bahan tindak balas

C 1 mole of V react with 1 mole of W to produce 1 mole of X and 1 mole of Y

1 mol V bertindak balas dengan 1 mol W menghasilkan 1 mol X dan 1 mol Y

D 1 mole of V react with 2 moles of W to produce 1 mole of X and 1 mole of Y

1 mol V bertindak balas dengan 2 mol W menghasilkan 1 mol X dan 1 mol Y

30. The following equation shows the decomposition of copper(II) carbonate when heated strongly.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian kuprum(II) karbonat apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat.

CuCO3

CuO

CO2

What is the mass of copper(II) oxide produced when 12.4 g of copper(II) carbonate is decomposed completely? [Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; Cu, 64]
Apakah jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang terhasil apabila 12.4 g kuprum(II) karbonat terurai dengan lengkap? [Jisim atom relatif: C, 12; O, 16; Cu, 64]

A B C D

4.0 g 8.0 g 12.4 g 80.0 g

31. An advertising light is filled with 1800 cm3 of neon gas at room condition. Calculate the number of neon atom in the light? [1 mol gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure, Avogadro Numbers = 6.02 x 1023] Sebiji lampu iklan telah diisi dengan 1800 cm3 gas neon pada keadaan bilik. Hitung bilangan atom bagi gas neon dalam lampu itu? [1 mol gas menepati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik, nombor avogardo = 6.02 x 1023] A B C D 32. 4.515 x 1022 4.515 x 1023 8.03 x 1022 8.03 x 1021

The following equation shows the decomposition reaction of lead(II) nitrate when heated at room temperature and pressure. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas penguraian plumbum(II) nitrat apabila dipanaskan pada suhu dan tekanan bilik. 2 Pb(NO3)2 2PbO + 4 NO2 + O2

Which of the following is true when 0.1 mol of lead(II) nitrate is decomposed? [Relative atomic mass: N=14, O=16,Pb=207 and 1 mol gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure] Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar apabila 1 mol plumbum(II) nitrat terurai? [Jisim atom relatif: N=14, O=16,Pb=207 dan 1 mol gas menepati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik.] A B C D 44.6 g of lead(II) oxide is formed. 44.6 g plumbum(II) oksida terbentuk. 4800 cm3 of nitrogen dioxide is given off. 4800 cm3 gas nitrogen dioksida terbebas 2.4 dm3 of oxygen gases is given off. 2.4 dm3 gas oksigen terbebas. 4.46 g of lead(II) oxide is formed. 4.46 g plumbum(II) oksida terbentuk.

Trial kedah 2009 Topic 3: CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND FORMULAE Trial kedah 2009 33 An advertising light is filled with 1800 cm3 of neon gas at room condition. Calculate the number of neon atom in the light? [1 mol gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure, Avogadro Numbers = 6.02 x 1023] Sebiji lampu iklan telah diisi dengan 1800 cm3 gas neon pada keadaan bilik. Hitung bilangan atom bagi gas neon dalam lampu itu? [1 mol gas menepati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik, nombor avogardo = 6.02 x 1023] A B C D 4.515 x 1022 4.515 x 1023 8.03 x 1022 8.03 x 1021

34. Oxygen exists as diatomic molecule. What is the mass of one oxygen molecule? [Relative atomic mass of O=16; Avogadro number = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1] A B C D 1.6 X 10-23 g 2.7 X 10-23 g 3.2 X 10-23 g 5.3 X 10-23 g

35.A compound with the formula of X2SO4 has a relative formula mass of 174. What is the relative atomic mass of X? [Relative atomic mass of S=32, O=16] A B C D 23 24 39 40

36

When copper(II) carbonate is heated , it decomposes to copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide gas. The equation for the reaction is Apabila kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan, ia akan terurai kepada kuprum(II)oksida dan gas karbon dioksida. Persamaan bagi tindak balas ini adalah CuCO3 (s) CuO (s) + CO2 ( g) 12.4 g of of copper(II) carbonate decomposes completely. What is the mass of copper(II) oxide formed ? 12.4 g kuprum(II) karbonat terurai dengan lengkap. Apakah jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang terbentuk? [ Relative atomic mass : Cu=64, O=16, C=12 ] [ Jisim atom relatif : Cu=64, O=16, C=12 ]

A B C D 37

4.4 g 8.0 g 44.0 g 80.0 g

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the following equation: Hidrogen peroksida terurai mengikut persamaan berikut: 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2 One mole of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed.What is the volume of oxygen gas released? Satu mol hidrogen peroksida telah terurai. Apakah isipadu gas oksigen yang dibebaskan? [1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room temperature and pressure ] [1 mol gas menempati 24 dm 3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik ] A 96 dm 3 B 48 dm 3 C 24 dm 3 D 12 dm 3

1.

Table 2 shows proton number and nucleon number for atoms P, Q and R.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R.

Atom
Atom

Proton number
Nombor Proton

Nucleon number
Nombor nukleon

P Q R

11 17 17 Table 2
Jadual 2

23 35 37

(a)

What is meant by the nucleon number of an atom?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon bagi atom?

.. [1 mark] (b) (i) State the atoms that are isotopes.

Nyatakan atom-atom yang merupakan isotop.

......... [1 mark] (ii) State a reason for your answer in (b)(i).

Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).

...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) Write the electron arrangement of atom P.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.

............. [1 mark]

(d)

Draw the electron arrangement of ion Q.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi ion Q.

[2 marks] (e) The information shows the composition of an organic compound S.

Maklumat menunjukkan komposisi suatu sebatian organik S.

Carbon
Karbon

64.87% 13.51% 21.62% H=1, C=12, O=16]

Hydrogen
Hidrogen

Oxygen
Oksigen

[Relative atomic mass :

Jisim atom relatif

Determine the empirical formula of compound S.

Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian S.

Diagram 4.1 shows the set up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida.

Diagram 4.1 Rajah 4.1 (a) What is the meaning of empirical formula? Apakah maksud formula empirik?

[1 mark] [1 markah] (b) Diagram 4.2 shows the results of the experiment. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan keputusan experiment itu.

Mass of crucible + lid Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magnesium Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida

= 24.88 g

= 25.12 g

= 25.28 g

Diagram 4.2 Rajah 4.2

(i)

Based on Diagram 4.2, complete Table 4 and determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Berdasarkan Rajah 4.2, lengkapkan Jadual 4 dan seterusnya tentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida: [Relative atomic mass: O = 16, Mg = 24] [Jisim atom relatif: O = 16, Mg = 24] Element Unsur Mass (g) Jisim Number of moles Bilangan mol Simplest ratio of moles Nisbah ringkas bilangan mol Empirical formula Formula empiric Table 4 Jadual 4 [6 marks] [6 markah] Mg O

(ii)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen itu.

[1 mark] [1 markah] (c) Why the process of heating, cooling and weighing are repeated until a constant mass is obtained? Mengapakah proses pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan diulang sehingga jisim yang tetap diperolehi?

[1 mark] [1 markah] (d) Why this experiment is not suitable to be used to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide? Mengapakah eksperimen ini tidak sesuai digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida?

[1 marks] [1markah]

ESSAY
1. (a) The figure below shows the standard representation for an atom of element Na

State three types of information that can be deduced ? Draw the electron arrangement for an atom of element Na [6 marks]

(b) The following figure shows the empirical formula of glucose :

(i) What is the meaning of empirical formula ? (ii) The relative molecular mass of glucose is 180, determine the molecular formula of glucose [4 marks]

(c) (i) A chloride of iron contains 2.80 g of iron and 5.32 g of chlorine. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. [ Relative atomic mass : Fe = 56 , Cl = 35.5 ] [4 marks] (ii) Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction between iron and chlorine. Calculate the volume of chlorine gas that react completely with 2.80 g iron. [ 1 mole of gas occupied 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure ] [6 marks]

9 (a) By using suitable example, explain what are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula. Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul. [3 marks] (b) The information below is for compound Q Maklumat berikut adalah bagi sebatian Q.

Carbon Karbon Hydrogen Hidrogen Oxygen Oksigen Relative molecular mass Jisim molekul relatif

40.00% 6.66% 53.33%

180

Based on the information of compound Q, determine: Berdasarkan maklumat bagi sebatian Q, tentukan: (i) The empirical formula Formula empiriknya The molecular formula Formula molekulnya [ Relative atomic mass: C,12; H,1; O,16] [ Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; O,16] [ 5 marks]

(ii)

(c)

Diagram 9 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of two different compounds. Rajah 9 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik dua sebatian yang berlainan.

Method I Kaedah I

Method II Kaedah II Metal oxide / Oksida logam

Metal Logam Dry hydrogen gas / Gas Hidrogen kering Asbestos paper Kertas asbestos

Heat / panaskan

Heat / panaskan

Table 9 Rajah 9 (i) Explain why method II is not suitable to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide? Terangkan mengapa kaedah II tidak sesuai bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida? [1mark] Suggest one metal oxide in method II. Cadangkan satu oksida logam dalam kaedah II. [1 mark] Using a suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of a reactive metal. Your explanation should include: Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, huraikan suatu eksperimen di makmal untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida logam reaktif.. Penerangan anda mestilah meliputi :

(ii)

(iii)

Procedure of the experiment Prosedur bagi eksperimen Tabulation of data Penjadualan data [10 marks]