INTRODUCTION BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

Bronchopneumonia is an illness of the lungs which caused by different organism like bacteria, viruses and fungi and characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles. It is also known as pneumonia. It is common in women and causes to the 6% deaths. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonococcus) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae both are the common bacterium which causes bronchopneumonia in the adults and children. Acute inflammation of the walls of the smaller bronchial tubes, with varying amounts of pulmonary consolidation due to spread of the inflammation into peribronchiolar alveoli and the alveolar ducts; may become confluent or may be hemorrhagic.

CAUSES Bacteria Virus

Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the most serious and, in adults, the most common cause of pneumonia. The most common pneumonia-causing bacterium in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonococcus).

RISK FACTOR Elderly Hospitalization Immobilization Immune deficiency Long term illness Smoking

SYMPTOMS Cough with greenish or yellow mucus Fever Chest pain Rapid, shallow breathing Shortness of breath

Headache Loss of appetite Fatigue

TREATMENT Hospitalization Intravenous antibiotic therapy Oxygen therapy Rest If the cause of bacterial, the goal is to cure the infection with antibiotics. If the cause is viral, antibiotics will not be effective. In some cases it is difficult to distinguish between viral and bacterial pneumonia, so antibiotics may be prescribed. Pneumococcal vaccinations are recommended for individuals in high-risk groups and provide up to 80 percent effectiveness in staving off pneumococcal pneumonia. Influenza vaccinations are also frequent of use in decreasing ones susceptibility to pneumonia, since the flue precedes pneumonia development in many cases.

COMPLICATIONS Emphysema Is a condition in which pus and fluid from infected tissue collects in a body cavity, the name comes from the greek word empyein meaning pus-producing (suppurate).

Pleurisy Is an inflammation of the membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs (the pleura). Inflammation occurs when an infection or damaging agent irritates the pleural surface.

Lung abscess Is an acute or chronic infection of the lungs, marked by a localized collection of pus, inflammation, and destruction of tissue. Lung abscess is the end result of a number of different disease processes ranging from fungal and bacterial infections to cancer.