Esfuerzo Cortante Maximo

COURSE
ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

INSTRUCTOR Prof. Steve Bruneau,
EN.4013 Ph 737-2119 sbruneau@engr.mun.ca T.A.s Rizk, Dawood, Guo rizk@engr.mun.ca nabil@engr.mun.ca chaoguo@engr.mun.ca
OK, Midterm stuff: Class average was huge! = 86% - including 26 aces (100s)! Much better results than last year Beam Diagrams were very well done. A few had a bad day dont worry you can make it up in the final. Now lets go over it . . .
TOPIC
TEXT READING
NOTES
Problem 1
The two cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Knowing that d1 = 50 mm and d2 = 30mm, find the average normal stress at the midsection of rod AB and rod BC
COURSE

At d1 Normal stress = force/area Sigma = 70000/(3.14*.025^2) = 35.7 MPa 40 kN At d2 Normal stress = force/area Sigma = 30000/(3.14*.015^2) = 42.4 MPa
TOPIC
30 kN
TEXT READING
NOTES
BONUS for 5 marks: What will be the total extension of the two cylinders if AB is brass with E = 101 GPa and BC is Aluminum E = 68.9 GPa? Delta = sum(PL / AE) = (70000*.3)/(3.14*.025^2*101*10^9) + (30000*.25)/(3.14*.015^2*68.9*10^9) = 0.000262m
marks
Correct formulas 5 marks Correct answer 5 marks
10
Problem 2
800 Nm The torques shown are exerted on pulleys A, B, and C. Knowing that both shafts are solid determine the maximum shearing stress in shaft AB and shaft BC Shear stress=Tau = Tc/J
COURSE
1200 Nm ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

INSTRUCTOR 400 Nm Prof. Steve Bruneau,
Torque in AB = 400 Nm J of AB = pi*c^4 J = 0.5*3.14*.015^4= 7.95*10^-8 C of AB = 0.015 Therefore Tau (AB) = 400*.015/7.95*10^-8 = 75 MPa
TOPIC
Torque in BC = 800 Nm J of AB = pi*c^4

TEXT READING
J = 0.5*3.14*.02^4= 2.5*10^-7 C of AB = 0.02 Therefore Tau (AB) = 800*.02/2.5*10^-8
NOTES
= 64 MPa
marks
Correct formulas 10 marks
Ans = 75.5 MPa and 63.7 MPa
Correct answer 10 marks
20
Problem 3
(same sketch as Problem 2) 800 Nm The torques shown are exerted on pulleys A, B, and C. Knowing that both shafts are solid and made of brass (G=39 GPa), determine the angle of twist between A and B, and, A and C.
COURSE
1200 Nm ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

INSTRUCTOR 400 Nm Prof. Steve Bruneau,
Twist (rad) = TL/(JG) Twist(AB) = 400x1.2/(7.95x10^-8x39x10^9) Twist(AB) = 0.155 radians or 8.88 deg - ccw Twist(BC) = 800x1.8/(2.5x10^-7x39x10^9) Twist(BC) = 0.147 radians - cw
TOPIC
Twist(AC) = 0.155-0.147 = .007 radians or 0.40 deg
TEXT READING
NOTES marks
Correct formulas 10 marks Correct answers 10 marks
20
Problem 4
Draw shear and bending moment diagrams and determine the maximum moment for each load case (see data sheet for loading) CASE 1 CASE 2
N
0.5m 0.5m
M
0.5m
w = (M+N+C)/L
COURSE

L = 2m
/ 2 = 82.5/2 = 41.25 kN 38.0 26.8 V
L = 2m
EN.4013= R2 = (11.22+46.86+24.42) R1 Ph 737-2119 sbruneau@engr.mun.ca T.A.s Rizk, 41.25c Guo Dawood, rizk@engr.mun.ca nabil@engr.mun.ca chaoguo@engr.mun.ca
V
TOPIC
-20.0 -41.25 -44.5 32.4
TEXT READING
(WL^2)/8 = 20.625
M
NOTES
marks
Correct sketches 5 marks each = 20 Maximum moment 5 marks each = 10
30
Problem 5
If the beam in Problem 4 was an 8 inch x 5 inch aluminum beam with the properties indicated on the data sheet, determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam for both load cases. If the beam were oriented on its side as shown below instead of the upright position, what would be the absolute maximum bending stress for both load cases.
COURSE
Side orientation:
Sigma(xx) = M(max)*Cxx / Ixx 101 mm 20.6*101*10^6/28x10^6 = 73.6 MPa or 10.6 Ksi 32.4*101*10^6/28x10^6 = 115.7 MPa or 16.7 Ksi Ixx = 28x10^6 mm^4

64mm
TOPIC
Sigma(yy) = M(max)*Cyy / Iyy 20.6*64*10^6/3.6x10^6 = 370 MPa or 53 Ksi 32.4*64*10^6/3.6x10^6 = 582 MPa or 84.4 Ksi Iyy = 3.6 x10^6 mm^4
TEXT READING
NOTES
BONUS for 5 marks: Will the beam fail in either case, why or why not? Is Sigma greater than Sigma(ultimate) = 45 KSI = 311 MPa ? no, no for I yes, yes for H
Correct answers 5 marks each = 20 marks
20
BIG BONUS PRIZE
Potential = 20 extra marks
For the aluminum beam in question 4 and 5, what would be the maximum P(ultimate) load it could support before failing if the load was applied at a point in the middle of the simply supported beam as sketched below? P(ultimate) 10.4 mm HERES THE DEAL!! 127 mm I have purchased this aluminum beam COURSE and it is in the structures lab. We are ENGI 4312 going to break it in the lab next week! Mechanics of Solids I 91.2 mm The student that gets closest to the actual ultimate bending load in this test INSTRUCTOR will be awarded a cash prize equal to the Prof. Steve Bruneau, 6.4 mm EN.4013 value of the scrap aluminum (probably Ph 737-2119 around $50), or, will be given a bonus of sbruneau@engr.mun.ca T.A.s Rizk, Dawood, Guo 20% on their midterm mark (not to rizk@engr.mun.ca exceed 100%) their choice. nabil@engr.mun.ca
chaoguo@engr.mun.ca
TOPIC
Answer = I dont know. Itll be interesting to see. Im going to check bending, direct shear and transverse shear Bending Max: M=PL/4 gives us M=500P when L=2000 mm TEXT READING Sigma= M y / I and Sigma ultimate is 310 MPa while Ixx= 28x10^6mm^4 and y = 101mm Therefore: 310 = 500*P*101/28x10^6 gives us P of 172 kN for bending Check direct shear:
NOTES
area = 3853 mm^2
shear ultimate = 30 KSI = 207 MPa = 799 kN shear resistance no probs here!
What about transverse shear? tau = VQ/It = 207=V*[(96.4*127*10.4) + (45.6*91.2*6.4)]/(28*10^6*6.4) therefore, V = 241 kN and thus P = 482 kN So it will fail in flexure and Id say that the imperfections and local flaws will be cancelled by the conservative thicknesses from manufacturing therefore stick with the 172kN = just over twice the weight of the entire class!
DATA SHEET for BEAM QUESTIONS

8 ALUMINUM I - BEAM PROPERTIES 8 ALUMINUM I - BEAM PROPERTIES
COURSE

TOPIC
LOADS
TEXT READING
CONVERSION FACTORS Inch = 25.4 mm KSI = 6.9 MPa

NOTES
Approximate engr-4312 Student Enrolment: Navals = 17, Mechanicals = 71, Civils = 37 TOTAL of 125 students Assuming the average student weight = 0.66 kN Then: N = 17*0.66 = 11.22 kN M = 71*0.66 = 46.86 kN C = 37*0.66 = 24.42 kN
Chapter 7:
Transverse Shear
In this chapter we will develop a method of finding the shear stress in a beam. Also, shear flow, will be discussed and examples will be worked.
COURSE

Shear in a beam subject to bending may be longitudinal and transverse. Longitudinal can be illustrated by the bending beam below:
TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
If the boards are bonded then shear stresses build up and the cross section warps. This condition violates our assumption of sections remaining plane when bent but warping is relatively small especially for a slender beam. We will now use the assumptions or homogeneity and prismatic cross section to develop a shear formula similar to the flexure formula. . .
Shear Formula It is important to recall that shear stress is complimentary meaning transverse and longitudinal shear stresses are numerically equal.
COURSE

The derivation and proof of the shear formula are detailed in Hibbeler Chapter 7 section 2. Review this in your own time because I want to get straight to the formula and how it is used.
VQ = It
V
I
The shear stress in the member at the point located y from the neutral axis. This stress is assumed to be constant and therefore averaged across the width t of the member. The Internal resultant shear force, determined from the method of sections and the equations of equilibrium The moment of inertia of the entire cross sectional area computed about the neutral axis. The width of the members cross sectional area, measured at the point where is to be determined
TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Q = y dA' = y ' A'

A'
Where A is the top or bottom portion of the members cross sectional area, defined from the section where t is measured, and y ' is the distance to the centroid of A, measured from the neutral axis
Shear Formula
VQ It
It is necessary that the material behave in a linear elastic manner and have a modulus of elasticity that is the same in tension as it is in compression.
COURSE

Shear Stresses in Beams Applying the shear formula for common beam cross-sectional situations: Rectangular:
1 V h2 / 4 y 2 b VQ 2 = = (1 / 12)bh3 b It
[(
TOPIC
Transverse Shear
6V h 2 y2 = 3 bh 4
Note - Parabolic
avg =
Note that b is now removed (check earlier notes)
V A
max
V = 1 .5 A
Maximum shear acts on the neutral axis (centerline here) and near the ends where V is greatest.
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Parabolic
Rectangular Beam continued: So that it can be well understood it can be shown that integrating the shear stress, , over the entire cross-sectional area A yields the shear force V.
COURSE

Wide Flange Beams:

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
A wide flange beam consists of two flanges and a web. An analysis of the shear in a wide flange beam results in the illustration below:
Parabolic
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Jump due to the smaller t in the shear formula
In summary the important points to remember about shear stresses in beams are:
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Examples:
COURSE

Key Formulas for Solution:
VQ = It
Q = y dA' = y ' A'
A'
TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Q = y dA' = y ' A'

A'
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Q = y dA' = y ' A'

A'
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
VQ = It
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
VQ = It
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Examples:
VQ It
Q = y dA' = y ' A'

A'
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Shear Flow in Built up Members

Built-up members are often used in engineering applications. If loading on built-up members causes bending then fasteners are usually required to keep the pieces from sliding over each other. Nails, screws, glue, bolts, welds etc must then resist the shear at along the length of the member. This shear loading along the member is called SHEAR FLOW and is computed as a force per unit length.
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
q = the SHEAR FLOW (force per unit length along the beam)
TEXT READING
V = Shear Force at that section of beam I = moment of inertia of ENTIRE cross section Q = Where A is the top or bottom portion of the members cross sectional area, defined from the section where t is measured, and ybar is the distance to the centroid of A, measured from the neutral axis
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Q = y dA' = y ' A'

A'
Shear Flow in Built up Members

I couldnt say it any better than Hibbeler so read the following:
COURSE

TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Examples of Shear Flow
0.25 in
COURSE
0.25 in 5.5 in
ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I 2.5 in

a
5 in
N
2.5 in
0.25 in
TOPIC
Transverse Shear
I=
TEXT READING
1 1 (6)(5.25)3 (5.5)(4.75)3 = 23.231 in 4 12 12

3
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Q = y ' A' = 2.5(6)(0.25) = 3.75in
VQB V (3.75) ; 400 = It 23.231(2)(0.25) V = 1239 lb = 1.24 kip
The beam will fail at the glue joint for board b since Q is a maximum for this board.
allow =
Examples of Shear Flow
0.25 in
COURSE
0.25 in 5.5 in
ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I 2.5 in

a
0.25 in 5 in
N
2.5 in
0.25 in
TOPIC
Transverse Shear
TEXT READING
1 1 3 I = (6)(5.25) (5.5)(4.75)3 = 23.231 in 4 12 12

Qb = y ' A' = 2.5(6)(0.25) = 3.75in
3
Hibbeler Chapter 7
NOTES
Qa = 2.5(5.5)(0.25) = 3.4375 in3

VQa 2(103 )(3.4375) a = = = 592 psi It 23.231(2)(0.25)
VQB 2(103 )(3.75) b = = = 646 psi It 23.231(2)(0.25)
Combined Loadings & Thin-Walled vessels This chapter serves as a review of the stress-analysis that has been developed in the previous chapters regarding axial load, torsion, bending and shear. The solution to problems where several of these loads occur simultaneously will be studied. Prior to this, the stresses in thin-walled vessels will be analyzed.
COURSE

TOPIC
Combined Loadings
& Thin Walled Vessels

TEXT READING
Hibbeler Chapter 8
NOTES

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COURSE

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Correct formulas 5 marks Correct answer 5 marks

1200 Nm ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Torque in BC = 800 Nm J of AB = pi*c^4

J = 0.5*3.14*.02^4= 2.5*10^-7 C of AB = 0.02 Therefore Tau (AB) = 800*.02/2.5*10^-8

Correct formulas 10 marks

Ans = 75.5 MPa and 63.7 MPa

Correct answer 10 marks

1200 Nm ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Twist(AC) = 0.155-0.147 = .007 radians or 0.40 deg

Correct formulas 10 marks Correct answers 10 marks

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

-20.0 -41.25 -44.5 32.4

Correct sketches 5 marks each = 20 Maximum moment 5 marks each = 10

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

BIG BONUS PRIZE

Potential = 20 extra marks

area = 3853 mm^2

DATA SHEET for BEAM QUESTIONS

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

CONVERSION FACTORS Inch = 25.4 mm KSI = 6.9 MPa

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Q = y dA' = y ' A'

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Wide Flange Beams:

Jump due to the smaller t in the shear formula

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Key Formulas for Solution:

Q = y dA' = y ' A'

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Q = y dA' = y ' A'

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Q = y dA' = y ' A'

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Shear Flow in Built up Members

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Q = y dA' = y ' A'

Shear Flow in Built up Members

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

Examples of Shear Flow

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I 2.5 in

1 1 (6)(5.25)3 (5.5)(4.75)3 = 23.231 in 4 12 12

Q = y ' A' = 2.5(6)(0.25) = 3.75in

VQB V (3.75) ; 400 = It 23.231(2)(0.25) V = 1239 lb = 1.24 kip

Examples of Shear Flow

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I 2.5 in

1 1 3 I = (6)(5.25) (5.5)(4.75)3 = 23.231 in 4 12 12

Qa = 2.5(5.5)(0.25) = 3.4375 in3

VQB 2(103 )(3.75) b = = = 646 psi It 23.231(2)(0.25)

ENGI 4312 Mechanics of Solids I

& Thin Walled Vessels

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J = 0.53.14.02^4= 2.510^-7 C of AB = 0.02 Therefore Tau (AB) = 800.02/2.5*10^-8