Carbon and Graphite

Material for Specialty Seals

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale. 02 02/3E Printed in Germany

Graphite Specialties Business Unit SGL CARBON GmbH Werk Ringsdorff Drachenburgstrae 1 D-53170 Bonn Phone: +49 (228) 841-394 Fax: +49 (228) 841-456 Internet: www.sglcarbon.com

Specialty Graphites from SGL CARBON

Radial Seals and Packings

Piston and Guide Rings

A H7 H8 H7 H8 B h h f7f8

Piston Ring segmental with scarf, overlapping and lapped tenon joints
Sp

Guide Rings segmented with butt joints *)

h7

without mechanical play between the segment contacts h7... h8

with mechanical play between the segment contacts h 7 h 8

e7f8

f7f8

b -0.1 -0.2

45

H7

Tol.

H 10

Cylinder

Ring

Notch

Ring

Ring

Dimensioning

Radial Seals Radial seals are classified as contact seals and as contact free, grooved split seals. Contact seals are multi-segmented sealrings used for rotating shafts or linear motion pistons. The sealing effect is obtained with springs that press the carbon segments to the sealed surface. Contact seals continuously rub against a counterface material and as such are always subject to mechanical wear. Grooved seals are designed as single part or multi-segment rings which require a precisely defined clearance to the sealed shaft. Packings The number of segments is dependant on the diameter of the shaft. There is no limit to the number of segments. Turbine seals provide water as a lubrication medium and are subject to very low wear rates at very high rubbing speeds.
2

121 - 150 12 12 12 151 - 200 201 - 250 14 18 14 251 - 300 16 20 16 301 - 350 18 22 18 20 351 - 400 20 401 - 450 25 451 - 500 22 501 - 550 24 28 24 551 - 600 25 601 - 700 25 30 25 8 30 6 6 22 22 5 40 28 26 40 5 24 4 35 23 35 4 16 18 24 18 24 26 20 26 3 14 20 15 20

1.5 12 2 2.5 3 4 14

1.2

1.5 16 18 2 5 20

segmented with butt joints

segmented with lapped joints

segmented with lapped tenon joints

Technical Information: The optimal contact pressure is 0.01 0.015 N/mm2 .(PSI). The surface roughness of the cylinder wall should be Rt < 0.8 m inches. The maximum speed is V = 4 m/s. Determining the number of rings: z (sp x 0.2) x 1.5 sp compressed air [bar]

22 6 24 7 25

2.5

Typical applications are multisegmented packings to seal shafts on ventilators, ship-propellers and water turbines.

* The dimensious listed apply to backing rings of spring bronze SnBz 6 HV 160 / DIN 1780. When using other spring materials, dimensious should give a maximum pressure between piston ring and cylinder wall of p = 0.01 0.015N/mm2 .

For horizontal machines + 0.5 mm

The use of multiple stacked packings, creates a labyrintheffected which can result in additional sealing functionality. Frequently the initial run-in wear, removes most of the mechanical play between the segment contacts. In these cases packings can obtain the characteristics of a contact free grooved seal with minimal loss of sealing effect.

Piston and guide rings used in oilfree compressors are an ideal application for carbon-graphite or graphite materials. The material is effective on a wide temperature range. Wear rates increase progressively once temperatures fall below -20F. The sealing effect is obtained by pressing the pistonring-segments against the cylinder wall with a leaf-spring located in the piston groove. The springs are necessary because unlike metals, graphite cannot be manufactured with tensile spring effect. Guide rings locate the piston centrally. The guide rings make contact with the groove and the cylinder wall.

Cylinder bis 24

Piston Ring h w b

Ring

The inner diameter of the bearing ring depends on the thermal expansion of the piston groove diameter

Lapped U

Segments

Guide Ring h w A

Segments

Backing Ring a* 0.2 b

Piston Clearance Sp

6 25 - 30 31 - 40 7 41 - 50

10

10 0.3

6 0.6

7 6 7 8 12 8 12

0.4 7 0.5 0.6

51 - 60 8 61 -- 80 81 - 100 10 10 10 101 - 120 12 18 12 18 8 8 10 3 14 10 14 2

0.8 1 10 1.25

0.9

Specialty Graphites from SGL CARBON

Pistonrod Seals and Labyrinth Seals

Metal Sleeved Rings and other Seals/ Ball Valve Seals

Pistonrod seals Pistonrod seals are used to seal the linear movement of the pistonrods. Segment rings are used in pairs to achieve additional axial sealing. The segments have overlapping shoulders. Pins or springs secure the rings in position. The shaft surface roughness should be Rt 1 m. We have the ability to supply springs or pins based on your requirements along with the seals.

Labyrinth seals Labyrinth seals made with SGL CARBON self lubricating materials, have the advantage over metals in that short periods of contact during startup due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion do not cause damage. As a result the labyrinth gaps can be smaller in size on a carbongraphite seal as compared to a metal seal. Consequently, given the same performance requirements a carbon-graphite seal can be shorter than a metal seal.

Metal sleeved rings One piece carbon rings are used as metal sleeved seals in compressors, when the carbon has been heat shrunk into a metal casing. The compressed carbon seal enables designs using very small tolerances on the seal gap. The gap remains constant under varying operating temperatures. The design of the metal casing has to be closely toleranced for dimension and form stability since any undesirable deformations will tend to transfer onto the seal surface of the carbon even if the carbon is machined after the heat shrinking operation. The wall thickness of the metal casing should be approximately 3 % of the seal outer diameter and should be a minimum of 2 mm. The shrinkfit between carbon seal and metal casing is dependent on the
Forms

operating temperature and can be between H7/x8 and H7/zb8. We will supply the metal casing based on your requirements. Other seals/ Ball valve seals Ball valve seals made of carbongraphite are used to seal hot gases and steam in chemical process. Other materials fail in these environments due to the high temperature. Carbongraphite ball valve seals are used in the petrol-chemical industry, refineries and on oil tankers where in the case of on-board fire, the seal must maintain it is functionality. Designs with metal casings can be produced based on your particular needs.

Specialty Graphites from SGL CARBON

Steam Joints, Motion Control Rings and Segments

Material References

Carbon-Graphite not resinantimonynot impregnated

Graphite resinimpregnated antimonyimpregnated

impregnated impregnated impregnated

1. Packings for

Hydro-power

EK 24

EK 2243

EK 40

EK 203

Ventilators

EK 40

EK 305

Propeller shafts

EK 40

Steam joints

Motion control rings and segments Motion control rings and segments regulate automated production processes. Applications include cigarette production equipment and packaging machines. The use of graphite, eliminates oil based lubrication, an important advantage as the intermittent swivelling motion usually precludes the use of a hydrodynamic lubrication system.

Turbo compressors EK 40 EK 305

Steam joints are sealing components between a steam pipe and a rotation assembly such as a shaft, cylinder or roller. The joint seals water, steam and oils. Further it neutralises swing, pendular and tumbling motion. This functionality is normally achieved with a concave or convex seal ring surface which is pressed against the sealing surface with a spring. Certain configurations also have a cylindrical wearing surface. Steam joints are exposed to all known lubrication conditions including wet, mixed and dry running.

2. Piston- and guide-rings Piston rod seals

Piston compressors

EK 2240

EK 3245

EK 201

EK 305

3. Labyrinth seals

EK 40

EK 201

EK 305

4. Metal sleeve rings

EK 40

EK 305

5. Ball value seals

EK 305

6. Steam joint rings

EK 20

EK 2200

EK 3205