F.

5 A/B

No.:

6PH01/01
Jun 2009

Name:

Physics CW5 (Unit 1 topic 2)

Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

6PH01/01
Jun 2010

P.1

3. A spring extends by 10 cm when a force of 8.0 N is applied. The limit of proportionality

is not exceeded.
Two of these springs are arranged side by side and a force of 4.0 N is applied.

All ductile materials are also

1.

A brittle

B hard

C malleable

D stiff

Reason: ductile: materials show plastic deformation under tension.

malleable: materials show plastic deformation under compression.
6PH01/01
Jun 2009

The extension for this arrangement of springs is

A material is described as "not easy to scratch or indent".

The material is best described as

1.

A hard

B plastic

C stiff

X A 2.5 cm

D tough

6PH01/01
Jan 2009
1.

B 54

C 67

D 150

Hint: stiff / soft depend on the slope of the stress -strain curve.
2 The energy stored in the spring when it is extended by 6.0 cm is

A 0.27 J

B 0.54 J

C 54 J

D 108 J

D 20 cm

e.g. Four legs animal steps on a wooden plate.

What about the force from each leg?

The diagram shows a graph plotted using the results from an experiment
in which a metal wire was stretched.
The gradient of the graph equals the Young modulus of the metal.
Which row gives the correct labels for the axis?

1 The stiffness of the spring in N m-1 is

A 1.5

C 10 cm

Hint: Since the Young modulus,E, can be used for pulling and compression
cases. You can think of compression instead of pulling.

6PH01/01
Jun 2009
The graph shows how extension varies with applied force for a spring.

B 5.0 cm

F.5 A/B

No.:

Physics CW4 (Unit 1 topic 2)

6PH01/01
Jun 2009

Name:
Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

P.2

1. A washing line has a negligible mass and is initially horizontal. A student investigates
the effect of hanging masses from the midpoint of the washing line.

6PH01/01
Jun 2010

(a) Add to the diagram to show the forces acting at the midpoint of the line when a mass is
hung from its midpoint.
(2)

Stress

Stress

1. Explain the difference between elastic deformation and plastic deformation. Use the
behaviour of the same material or object to illustrate both types of deformation.
..................................................................................................................................................
Elastic - returns to original shape when deforming force/stress removed
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................
Or no permanent deformation.
..................................................................................................................................................
Plastic
doesn't return to original shape when deforming force/stress removed (1)
..................................................................................................................................................
Or permanent deformation.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
metal wire (material undergoes elastic and plastic deformation)
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
0
0
Strain
Strain
..................................................................................................................................................
Elastic deformation
Plastic deformation
..................................................................................................................................................
Of metal wire
Of metal wire
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
Illustration comparing both types of deformation under different
.................................................................................................................................................
force / stress / strain / amount of deformation for material /
..................................................................................................................................................
object (independent of material mark)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
( 4 marks)

Downward arrow labelled Weight/W/mg (1)

Arrows parallel to both lines, at least one labelled tension/T(1)
Minus 1 for each additional force
(b) A mass of 1.10 kg is hung from the midpoint of the line.
(i) Show that the downward vertical force on the line is about 11 N.

(1)

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

W = mg
= 1.1 kg x 9.81 N/ kg
= 10.8 N

(ii) This force pulls the midpoint down a distance of 48.5 cm.
Show that the line is at an angle of about 84 to the vertical.
length of washing line when horizontal = 9.600 m.

(2)

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Correct use of sides in right angled triangle (1)

Correct answer [84.2]
(1)

(iii) Show that the tension in the line is less than 60 N.

(2)

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.

Use of trigonometrical function for vertical component of tension (1)

Correct answer [53 N]
(1)

F.5 A/B

No.:

Name:

Physics CW4 (Unit 1 topic 2)

Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

6PH01/01
Jun 2009
(iv) The washing line stretches so that the total length of the line is now 9.847 m.
Calculate the strain for the line.
(2)
..................................................................................................................................................
Calculate extension
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................
-2
correct answer [2.6 x 10 ]
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
Strain = ....................................................

(c) Calculate the value of the Young modulus for the line material.
cross-sectional area of the line = 6.6 x 10-6 m2

(3)
..................................................................................................................................................
Use of stress = force / area
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................
Use
of
E
=
stress
/
strain
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................
Correct answer [3.1 x 108 Pa] [3.1 x 108 ] N m-2 ]
(1)
[allow ecf, including the use of F = 60 N]

Young modulus = .....................................................

6PH01/01
Jan 2009
1.

P.3
tensile strength
.................................................................................................................................................................
tensile
strength: greatest stress before fracturing
(1)
.................................................................................................................................................................
yield point (Y)
.................................................................................................................................................................
yield
point: point at which plastic deformation begins / point at
.................................................................................................................................................................
which
material shows a larger increase in strain for a smaller increase
in stress
(1)

(b) Using crosses and the letters shown above, mark the limit of
proportionality (L) and the yield point (Y) on the graph.
(2)

6PH01/01
(5 marks)
Jan 2009
2. The picture shows a jumping toy on which a student carries out some experiments.
The top of the toy is pushed down,
compressing the spring.
The suction cup adheres to the base and holds
the toy down.
After a short time, the suction cup leaves the base,causing the toy to jump.
A compression: force graph is obtained for the spring in the toy.

( 12 marks)

The graph shows how stress varies with strain for a given material.

(Ultimate)tensile strength

(a) Explain what is meant by each of the following terms

(3)
limit of proportionality (L)
.................................................................................................................................................................
limit of proportionality : stress proportional to strain / obeys Hooke's
.................................................................................................................................................................
law / Force proportional to extension up to this point
(1)

(a) (i) Explain the shape of section AB of the graph.

(1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Force proportional to extension / obeys Hooke's law (1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................

F.5 A/B

No.:

Physics CW4 (Unit 1 topic 2)

Name:
Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

(ii) Explain why section CD of the graph is horizontal.

(1)
Fully compressed / coils closed (accept cup/bug/toy touches base) (1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Show that the stiffness of the spring is about 1000 N m-1.
(2)
State
stiff (k) = 1/gradient OR use of values in stiffness (k) = F / x (1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Stiffness (k)= 20 N / 0.019 m
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
= 1050 N m-1
(1)
(c) As the suction cup is about to leave the base the compression of the spring is
0.018 m.

(i) Calculate the energy stored in the spring at this stage.

(2)
State area under graph or use of energy = 1/2 Fx or state energy (1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Elastic potential energy = 1/2 x 19.2 N x 0.018 m
....................................................................................................................................................................................
= 0.17 J
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................

Energy stored = ..............................................................

(ii) Calculate the maximum possible height reached by the toy.

P.4

i) Apparatus arrangement which secures wire

arrangement allowing force to be varied

(1)
(1)

ii) What to measure - up to 2 marks (do not accept area)

- force
- original length
- extension
- diameter

Max (2)

iii) How to measure each - up to 2 marks

- diameter with micrometer (do not accept for measuring area)
- original length with (metre) rule
- force by adding known weights / use of tensometer
- extension with rule / vernier scale

Max (2)

vi) How to calculate

- substitution in E = F x / Ax OR plot F - x graph OR plot stress-strain graph (1)
-determine gradient of F -x graph and process correctly (e.g. multiply by x/A) (1)
OR determine gradient of stress-strain graph

Mass of toy = 7.3 x 10-3 kg

(2)
Elastic potential energy = Gravitational potential energy = mgh
(1)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
h = 0.17 m / 7.3 x 10
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
= 2.4 m
(1)

Height = ..............................................................
(iii) State an assumption made in your calculation.
(1)
all elastic pe ke of bug gpe of bug (2 out of 3) /
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
all stored energy (of the spring) transferred to the "toy" /
....................................................................................................................................................................................
no energy lost due to air resistance
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................
6PH01/01
Jun 2011

You are asked to find the Young modulus for a metal using a sample of
wire.
(a) Describe the apparatus you would use, the measurements you would
take and explain
how you would use them to determine the Young modulus for the metal. (8)

(b) State one safety precaution you would take.

Safety spectacles /safety goggle / watch out for feet / foam on floor
(c) Explain one experimental precaution you would take to ensure you obtain accurate
results.

(1)
(1)

(2)

Precaution e.g. - measure diameter in different places

(-use a reference marker; avoid parallax when measuring extension;
don't extend wire past limit of proportionality)
(1)
Explanation - e.g. diameter may vary... (credit for explanation matching precaution)
(1)

F.5 A/B

No.:

Physics CW4 (Unit 1 topic 2)

Name:
Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

P.4

i) Apparatus arrangement which secures wire

arrangement allowing force to be varied

(1)
(1)

ii) What to measure - up to 2 marks (do not accept area)

- force
- original length
- extension
- diameter

Max (2)

iii) How to measure each - up to 2 marks

- diameter with micrometer (do not accept for measuring area)
- original length with (metre) rule
- force by adding known weights / use of tensometer
- extension with rule / vernier scale

Max (2)

vi) How to calculate

- substitution in E = F x / Ax OR plot F - x graph OR plot stress-strain graph (1)
-determine gradient of F -x graph and process correctly (e.g. multiply by x/A) (1)
OR determine gradient of stress-strain graph

(b) State one safety precaution you would take.

Safety spectacles /safety goggle / watch out for feet / foam on floor

6PH01/01
Jun 2011

You are asked to find the Young modulus for a metal using a sample of
wire.
(a) Describe the apparatus you would use, the measurements you would
take and explain
how you would use them to determine the Young modulus for the metal. (8)

(c) Explain one experimental precaution you would take to ensure you obtain accurate
results.

(1)
(1)

(2)

Precaution e.g. - measure diameter in different places

(-use a reference marker; avoid parallax when measuring extension;
don't extend wire past limit of proportionality)
(1)
Explanation - e.g. diameter may vary... (credit for explanation matching precaution)
(1)