Bio

Biology, 7e (Campbell)
Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Chapter Questions
1) What is a genome? A) the complete complement of an organism's genes B) a specific sequence of polypeptides within each cell C) a specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomers D) a specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosome E) an ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest Answer: A
Topic: Concept 13.1 Skill: Knowledge
2) Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect? A) Genes correspond to segments of DNA. B) Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins. C) During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg. D) Under normal circumstances, each chromosome contains precisely one gene. E) Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations. Answer: D
Topic: Concept 13.1 Skill: Comprehension
3) Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are different in that A) individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually only transmit 50%. B) asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring. C) asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two. D) asexual reproduction only requires mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis. E) all of the above Answer: E
4) How do the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes differ from each other? A) their length B) the identity and relative position of the genes present on each of the chromosomes C) their staining patterns D) the position of the centromere within each of the chromosomes E) the precise sequence of the DNA within each of the chromosomes Answer: E
5) What is a karyotype? A) the set of unique physical characteristics that define an individual B) the collection of all the mutations present within a genome C) a unique combination of chromosomes found in a gamete D) a system of classifying cell nuclei E) a display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape Answer: E
6) By examining a karyotype, it is possible to determine A) which of two related plant forms is a gametophyte, and which is a sporophyte. B) the sex of an animal. C) the age of a fungus. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C Answer: D
7) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes photographed in the preparation of a karyotype? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase E) interphase Answer: B
8) The human X and Y chromosomes are A) both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. B) of approximately equal size. C) almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. D) called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex. E) all of the above Answer: D
9) If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells have? A) 6 B) 12 C) 24 D) 48 E) 64 Answer: B
10) Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16? A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes. B) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes. C) There are 8 homologous pairs. D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes. E) A gamete from this species has 4 chromosomes. Answer: C
11) Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes? A) an unfertilized egg cell B) a sperm cell C) a male somatic cell D) a female somatic cell E) both A and D Answer: D
12) Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. alternation of generations II. meiosis III. fertilization IV. gametes V. spores A) I, IV, and V B) I, II, and IV C) II, III, and IV D) II, IV, and V E) all of the above Answer: C
13) Which of these statements is false? A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). C) Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization. Answer: D
14) In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in A) spores. B) gametophytes. C) zygotes. D) sporophytes. E) clones. Answer: C
15) Referring to a plant sexual life cycle, which of the following terms describes the process that leads directly to the formation of gametes? A) sporophyte meiosis B) gametophyte mitosis C) gametophyte meiosis D) sporophyte mitosis E) alternation of generations Answer: B
16) Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations? A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. B) A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell. Answer: B
Topic: Concept 13.2 Skill: Application
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions.
Figure 13.1
17) Which of the life cycles is typical for animals? A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) I and III Answer: A
18) Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae? A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) I and III Answer: C
19) Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists? A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) I and III Answer: B
20) Which of the following is missing from the life cycle progression shown below? sporophyte-meiosis-spore-________-gametophyte-mitosis-gametes- fertilization-zygote A) meiosis B) mitosis C) synapsis D) karyotype E) fertilization Answer: B
21) In animals, somatic cells are produced by mitosis and ________ are produced by meiosis. A) gametes B) clones C) zygotes D) spores E) diploid cells Answer: A
22) All of the following are functions of meiosis in plants except A) production of spores. B) reduction of chromosome number by half. C) independent assortment of chromosomes. D) crossing over and recombination of homologous chromosomes. E) production of identical daughter cells. Answer: E
Topic: Concepts 13.2-13.3 Skill: Comprehension
23) After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is A) diploid, and the chromosomes are composed of a single chromatid. B) diploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids. C) haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of a single chromatid. D) haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids. E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids. Answer: D
24) How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. Answer: D
25) When does the synaptonemal complex disappear? A) late prophase of meiosis I B) during fertilization or fusion of gametes C) early anaphase of meiosis I D) mid-prophase of meiosis II E) late metaphase of meiosis II Answer: A
26) Which of the following terms belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata? A) haploid B) crossing over C) autosomes D) prophase II E) fertilization Answer: B
For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. II. III. IV. prophase I metaphase I anaphase I telophase I V. VI. VII. VIII. prophase II metaphase II anaphase II telophase II
27) Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell; independent assortment soon follows. A) I B) II C) IV D) VII E) VIII Answer: B
28) Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur. A) I B) II C) IV D) VI E) VII Answer: A
29) Centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple and chromatids separate. A) II B) III C) IV D) V E) VII Answer: E
30) Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? A) Homologous chromosomes are separated. B) The chromosome number is conserved. C) Sister chromatids are separated. D) Four daughter cells are formed. E) The sperm cells elongate to form a head and a tail end. Answer: A
31) Which of the following is true of the process of meiosis? A) Two diploid cells result. B) Four diploid cells result. C) Four haploid cells result. D) Four autosomes result. E) Four chiasmata result. Answer: C
32) Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis? A) prophase I B) anaphase I C) telophase I D) prophase II E) metaphase II Answer: A
Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
Figure 13.2 33) Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis? A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V Answer: D
34) Which drawing represents anaphase of mitosis? A) II B) III C) IV D) V E) VI Answer: A

35) Which drawing represents metaphase II of meiosis? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VI Answer: E

36) Which drawing represents a stage of meiosis in which independent assortment might occur if there were more than one pair of chromosomes represented? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VI Answer: A
Use the following key to answer the following questions. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. B. C. D. E. The statement is true for mitosis only. The statement is true for meiosis I only. The statement is true for meiosis II only. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
37) A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical. Answer: A
38) Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs. Answer: B

39) Centromeres uncouple and chromatids are separated from each other. Answer: E
40) Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs. Answer: B

41) The process is preceded by replication of the DNA. Answer: D

42) You have in your possession a microscope slide with meiotic cells on it and a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify metaphase I cells on the slide? A) a visible nuclear envelope B) separated sister chromatids at each pole of the cell C) tetrads lined up at the center of the cell D) a synaptonemal complex E) a cleavage furrow Answer: C
10
You isolate DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determine the relative DNA content for each type, and plot the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
Figure 13.3
43) If the cells were from a plant, which sample might represent a gametophyte cell? A) I B) II C) III D) either I or II E) either II or III Answer: C
44) Which sample of DNA might be from a nerve cell arrested in G0 of the cell cycle? A) I B) II C) III D) either I or II E) either II or III Answer: A
45) Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle? A) I B) II C) III D) both I and II E) both II and III Answer: B
11
46) Which sample might represent a sperm cell? A) I B) II C) III D) either I or II E) either II or III Answer: C
47) During meiosis, cells go from what number to what number? A) I to II to I to III B) I to II to III C) II to I D) III to I E) always remain at I Answer: A
48) During mitosis, diploid cells go from what number to what number? A) I to III B) I to II C) II to III D) II to I E) always remain at II Answer: D
The following questions refer to the essential steps in meiosis described below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate separation of sister chromatids separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of the centromere synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
49) From the descriptions above, which of the following is the order that most logically illustrates a sequence of meiosis? A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3 C) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 D) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 E) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 Answer: E
12
50) Which of the steps take place in both mitosis and meiosis? A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 2 and 3 only E) 2, 3, and 5 Answer: B
51) When comparing prophase I of meiosis with prophase of mitosis, which of the following occurs only in meiosis? A) The chromosomes condense. B) Tetrads form. C) The nuclear envelope disassembles. D) A spindle forms. E) Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids. Answer: B
52) Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? A) chromosome replication B) synapsis C) production of daughter cells D) alignment of tetrads at metaphase plate E) both B and D Answer: E
53) How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species? A) by allowing independent assortment of chromosomes B) by allowing random fertilization C) by allowing crossing over D) A and B only E) A, B, and C Answer: E
54) For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes? A) 23 B) 46 C) 460 D) 920 E) about 8 million Answer: E
13
55) For a species with a diploid number of 10 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes? A) 5 B) 25 C) 32 D) 100 E) about 10,000 Answer: C
56) Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes. E) all of the above Answer: A
57) When pairs of homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I, A) the maternal chromosomes all move to one daughter cell, and the paternal chromosomes all move to the other daughter cell. B) the sister chromatids remain linked to one another. C) most of the recombination has already occurred, with the remainder taking place during prophase II. D) the synaptonemal complex is visible under the light microscope. Answer: B
Topic: Concepts 13.3-13.4 Skill: Comprehension
58) Which of the following statements about crossing over is incorrect? A) Crossing over combines sections of the maternal and paternal chromosomes. B) Crossing over plays a role in both sexual and asexual reproduction. C) There are on average one to three crossover events per chromosome. D) Crossing over increases the extent of genetic variation beyond what is possible through independent assortment alone. E) Crossing over results in recombinant chromosomes. Answer: B
Topic: Concepts 13.2-13.4 Skill: Knowledge
14
Media Activity Questions

59) What name is given to the process that restores the diploid number of chromosomes? A) fertilization B) asexual reproduction C) meiosis D) mitosis E) the cell cycle Answer: A
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Asexual and Sexual Life Cycles
60) At the end of ________ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. A) metaphase II B) telophase I C) telophase D) telophase II E) interphase Answer: B
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Meiosis Animation
61) Synapsis occurs during A) prophase I. B) telophase I and cytokinesis. C) prophase II. D) metaphase II. E) anaphase II. Answer: A
62) Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during A) telophase II and cytokinesis. B) prophase II. C) anaphase I. D) metaphase I. E) metaphase II. Answer: C
63) In a cell in which 2n = 6, the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis can by itself give rise to ________ genetically different gametes. A) two B) four C) five D) six E) eight Answer: E
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Origins of Genetic Variation
15
Self-Quiz Questions
64) A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is A) a somatic cell of a male. B) a zygote. C) a somatic cell of a female. D) a sperm cell. E) an ovum. Answer: D 65) Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of a dividing cell during A) mitosis. B) meiosis I. C) meiosis II. D) fertilization. E) binary fission. Answer: B 66) Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that A) homologous chromosomes synapse. B) DNA replicates before the division. C) the daughter cells are diploid. D) sister chromatids separate during anaphase. E) the chromosome number is reduced. Answer: D 67) If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be A) 0.25x B) 0.5x C) x. D) 2x. E) 4x. Answer: D 68) If we continued to follow the cell lineage from question 4, then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be A) 0.25x. B) 0.5x. C) x. D) 2x. E) 4x. Answer: C 69) How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8)? A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16 E) 32 Answer: D
16
70) The immediate product of meiosis in a plant is a A) spore. B) gamete. C) sporophyte. D) gametophyte. E) zygote. Answer: A 71) Multicellular haploid organisms A) are typically called sporophytes. B) produce new cells for growth by meiosis. C) produce gametes by mitosis. D) are found only in aquatic environments. E) are the direct result of fertilization. Answer: C 72) Crossing over usually contributes to genetic variation by exchanging chromosomal segments between A) sister chromatids of a chromosome. B) chromatids of nonhomologues. C) nonsister chromatids of homologues. D) nonhomologous loci of the genome. E) autosomes and sex chromosomes. Answer: C 73) In comparing the typical life cycles of plants and animals, a stage found in plants but not in animals is a A) gamete. B) zygote. C) multicellular diploid. D) multicellular haploid. Answer: D
17

Bio

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Bio

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Biology, 7e (Campbell)

Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

34) Which drawing represents anaphase of mitosis? A) II B) III C) IV D) V E) VI Answer: A

35) Which drawing represents metaphase II of meiosis? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VI Answer: E

38) Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs. Answer: B

40) Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs. Answer: B

41) The process is preceded by replication of the DNA. Answer: D

Media Activity Questions

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi