ADMINISTRATIVELAW MIDTERMS Comm.Soriano I.

.DEFINITIONS: POLITICALLAWthatbranchofpubliclawwhichdealswiththeorganizationand operationsofthegovernmentalorgansofthestateanddefinestherelationsofthe statewiththeinhabitantsofitsterritory PUBLICLAW PRIVATELAW ADMINISTRATIVELAWthatbranchofmodernlawunderwhichtheexecutive departmentofthegovernment,actinginaquasilegislativeorquasijudicial capacity,interfereswiththeconductoftheindividualforthepurposeofpromoting thewellbeingofthecommunity,asunderlawsregulatingpublicinterest, professions,tradesandcallings,ratesandprices,lawsfortheprotectionofpublic healthandsafety,andthepromotionofpublicconvenience(DeanRoscoePound) ADMINISTRATIVERULEanyagencystatementofgeneralapplicabilitythat implementsorinterpretsalaw,fixesanddescribestheproceduresin,orpractice requirementsofanagency,includingitsregulations.Itincludesmemorandaor statementsconcerningtheinternaladministrationormanagementofanagencynot affectingtherightsof,orprocedureavailableto,thepublic ADMINISTRATIVEAGENCY(perE0292)anydepartment,bureau,office, commission,authorityorofficeroftheNationalGovernmentauthorizedbylawor executiveordertomakerules,issuelicenses,grantrightsorprivilegesand adjudicatecases;researchinstitutionswithrespecttolicensingfunctions; governmentcorporationswithrespecttofunctionsregulatingprivateright, privilege,occupationorbusiness;andofficialsintheexerciseofdisciplinarypower asprovidedbylaw. GOVERNMENTINSTRUMENTALITY(perthecaseofMalayav.Penachus)any agencyoftheNationalGovernmentnotintegratedwithinthedepartment framework,vestedwithspecialfunctionsorjurisdictionbylaw,endowedwith some,ifnotallcorporatepowers,administeringspecialfunds,andenjoying operationalautonomy,usuallythroughacharter, GOVERNMENTOWNEDANDCONTROLLEDCORPORATIONanyagency organizedasastockornonstockcorporationvestedwithfunctionsrelatingto publicneedswhethergovernmentalorproprietaryinnature,andownedbythe governmentdirectlyorindirectlyorthoughitsinstrumentalities,eitherwholly,or whereapplicable,asinthecaseofstockcorporations,totheextentofatleast51%

ofitscapitalstock:provided,thatgovernmentownedorcontrolledcorporations maybefurthercategorizedbythedepartmentofbudget,thecivilservice commissionandthecommissiononauditforthepurposeoftheexerciseand dischargeoftheirrespectivepowers,functionsandresponsibilitieswithrespectto suchcorporations. POWEROFCONTROLSec.17,Article7oftheConstitution.Section17.The Presidentshallhavecontrolofalltheexecutivedepartments,bureaus,andoffices. Heshallensurethatthelawsbefaithfullyexecuted. Relatedcase=Aranetav.Gatmaitan:

Section10(1),ArticleVIIoftheConstitutionofthePhilippinesprescribes: SEC.10(1).ThePresidentshallhavecontrolofalltheexecutivedepartments,bureausor offices,exercisesgeneralsupervisionoveralllocalgovernmentsasmaybeprovidedbylaw, andtakecarethatthelawsbefaithfullyexecuted. AllexecutivefunctionsofthegovernmentoftheRepublicofthePhilippinesshallbedirectly undertheExecutiveDepartmentssubjecttothesupervisionandcontrolofthePresidentof thePhilippinesinmattersofgeneralpolicy.TheDepartmentsareestablishedfortheproper distributionoftheworkoftheExecutive,fortheperformanceofthefunctionsexpressly assignedtothembylaw,andinorderthateachbranchoftheadministrationmayhavea chiefresponsibleforitsdirectionandpolicy.EachDepartmentSecretaryshallassumethe burdenof,andresponsibilityfor,allactivitiesoftheGovernmentunderhiscontroland supervision. ForadministrativepurposesthePresidentofthePhilippinesshallbeconsideredthe DepartmentHeadoftheExecutiveOffice. OneoftheexecutivedepartmentsisthatofAgricultureandNaturalResourceswhichbylaw isplacedunderthedirectionandcontroloftheSecretary,whoexercisesitsfunctionssubject tothegeneralsupervisionandcontrolofthePresidentofthePhilippines(Sec.75,R.A.C.). Moreover,"executiveorders,regulations,decreesandproclamationsrelativetomatters underthesupervisionorjurisdictionofaDepartment,thepromulgationwhereofis expresslyassignedbylawtothePresidentofthePhilippines,shallasageneralrule,be issueduponpropositionandrecommendationoftherespectiveDepartment"(Sec.79A, R.A.C.),andtherecanbenodoubtthatthepromulgationofthequestionedExecutiveOrders wasuponthepropositionandrecommendationoftheSecretaryofAgricultureandNatural ResourcesandthatiswhysaidSecretary,whowasandiscalledupontoenforcesaid executiveOrders,wasmadeapartydefendantinoneofthecasesatbar(G.R.No.L9191)

ATTACHMENTthelateralrelationshipbetweenthedepartmentoritsequivalent andtheattachedagencyorcorporationforpurposesofpolicyandprogram coordination(Section38). QUASILEGISLATIVEPOWERtheauthoritydelegatedbythelawmakingbodyto theadministrativebodytoadoptrulesandregulationsintendedtocarryoutthe provisionsofalawandimplementlegislativepolicy.

QUASIJUDICIALPOWERthepoweroftheadministrativeauthoritiestomake determinationsoffactsintheperformanceoftheirofficialdutiesandtoapplythe lawastheyconstrueittothefactssofound. II.ENUMERATION: 4SOURCESOFADMINISTRATIVELAW 1. Constitutionalorstatutoryenactmentscreatingadministrativebodies a. ArticleIX,Constitution b. SocialSecurityActestablishedtheSocialSecurityCommission c. AdministrativeCodeof1987 2. Decisions of courts interpreting the characters of administrative bodies and definingtheirpowers,rights,inhibitions,amongothers,andtheeffectsoftheir determinationsandregulations a. Artucv.CommissiononElections b. Macedav.ERB 3. Rulesandregulationsissuedbytheadministrativebodiesinpursuanceofthe purposesforwhichtheywerecreated a. OmnibusRulesImplementingtheLaborCode b. CircularsoftheCentralMonetaryAuthorityoninterestrates c. RegulationsoftheCommissiononImmigrationandDeportation d. Rules promulgated by the SEC; Bureau of Patents, Trademarks and TechnologyTransfer 4. Determinations and orders of the administrative bodies in the settlement of controversiesarisingintheirrespectivefields Referstotheadjudicationsofadministrativeagenciesintheexercise oftheirquasijudicialpower 3ADMINISTRATIVERELATIONSHIPS(EO292) (1)SupervisionandControl.Supervisionandcontrolshallincludeauthority toactdirectlywheneveraspecificfunctionisentrustedbylaworregulation toasubordinate;directtheperformanceofduty;restrainthecommissionof acts;review,approve,reverseormodifyactsanddecisionsofsubordinate officialsorunits;determineprioritiesintheexecutionofplansand programs;andprescribestandards,guidelines,plansandprograms.Unlessa differentmeaningisexplicitlyprovidedinthespecificlawgoverningthe relationshipofparticularagencies,theword"control"shallencompass supervisionandcontrolasdefinedinthisparagraph. (2)AdministrativeSupervision.(a)Administrativesupervisionwhichshall governtheadministrativerelationshipbetweenadepartmentorits equivalentandregulatoryagenciesorotheragenciesasmaybeprovidedby law,shallbelimitedtotheauthorityofthedepartmentoritsequivalentto generallyoverseetheoperationsofsuchagenciesandtoinsurethattheyare managedeffectively,efficientlyandeconomicallybutwithoutinterference withdaytodayactivities;orrequirethesubmissionofreportsandcausethe

conductofmanagementaudit,performanceevaluationandinspectionto determinecompliancewithpolicies,standardsandguidelinesofthe department;totakesuchactionasmaybenecessaryfortheproper performanceofofficialfunctions,includingrectificationofviolations,abuses andotherformsofmaladministration;andtoreviewandpassuponbudget proposalsofsuchagenciesbutmaynotincreaseoraddtothem; (b)Suchauthorityshallnot,however,extendto:(1)appointmentsandother personnelactionsinaccordancewiththedecentralizationofpersonnel functionsundertheCode,exceptappealismadefromanactionofthe appointingauthority,inwhichcasetheappealshallbeinitiallysenttothe departmentoritsequivalent,subjecttoappealinaccordancewithlaw;(2) contractsenteredintobytheagencyinthepursuitofitsobjectives,the reviewofwhichandotherproceduresrelatedtheretoshallbegovernedby appropriatelaws,rulesandregulations;and(3)thepowertoreview, reverse,revise,ormodifythedecisionsofregulatoryagenciesintheexercise oftheirregulatoryorquasijudicialfunctions;and (c)Unlessadifferentmeaningisexplicitlyprovidedinthespecificlaw governingtherelationshipofparticularagencies,theword"supervision" shallencompassadministrativesupervisionasdefinedinthisparagraph. (3)Attachment.(a)Thisreferstothelateralrelationshipbetweenthe departmentoritsequivalentandtheattachedagencyorcorporationfor purposesofpolicyandprogramcoordination.Thecoordinationmaybe accomplishedbyhavingthedepartmentrepresentedinthegoverningboard oftheattachedagencyorcorporation,eitheraschairmanorasamember, withorwithoutvotingrights,ifthisispermittedbythecharter;havingthe attachedcorporationoragencycomplywithasystemofperiodicreporting whichshallreflecttheprogressofprogramsandprojects;andhavingthe departmentoritsequivalentprovidegeneralpoliciesthroughits representativeintheboard,whichshallserveastheframeworkforthe internalpoliciesoftheattachedcorporationoragency; (b)Mattersofdaytodayadministrationorallthosepertainingtointernal operationsshallbelefttothediscretionorjudgmentoftheexecutiveofficer oftheagencyorcorporation.IntheeventthattheSecretaryandtheheadof theboardortheattachedagencyorcorporationstronglydisagreeonthe interpretationandapplicationofpolicies,andtheSecretaryisunableto resolvethedisagreement,heshallbringthemattertothePresidentfor resolutionanddirection;

III.CONCEPTS: ORIGINOFADMINISTRATIVELAW(p24) 1. Origin:legislation;Rationale:expediency 2. Doctrineofseparationofpowers:Allrulesandconductaresupposedtobe laid down by the legislature, subject to the direct enforcement of the executivedepartment,andtheapplicationorinterpretationbythejudiciary; Remedy:delegationofpowers SCOPEANDOBJECTOFADMINISTRATIVELAW(p1) *regulationofprivaterightforpublicwelfare JUSTIFICATIONOFADMINISTRATIVELAW(p2) *expediency ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFADMINISTRATIVELAW(p20) Advantages: 1) expertisederivedfromspecializedtrainingandexperience 2) adaptabilitytochangeandeaseinreactingtoanewandevenemergency situations 3) moreresilient 4) theycaninitiateactionandnotsimplywaitfortheirjurisdictiontobe invoked 5) theymayproceedtothesolutionoftheproblemsconfidedtotheirattention withmoreexpeditiousness 6) theyarecreatedbythelegislaturetoaddressnewsocialproblemsandvest insaidagenciesbroadguidelinesfortheresolutionofsaidproblems POWERSOFADMINISTRATIVEAGENCIES(p1) Quasijudicial Quasilegislative NATUREANDESSENCEOFANADMINISTRATIVEBODYWHYDOESITBELONG TOTHEEXECUTIVEBRANCHOFGOVERNMENT(p16) 1. Armofthelegislatureitisauthorizedtopromulgaterulesthathavethe forceoflawbyvirtueofavaliddelegationoflegislativepower 2. Courtitperformsfunctionsofaparticularjudicialcharacter,aswhenit decidesfactualandsometimesevenlegalquestionsasincidentofthe generalpowerofregulation 3. Executivedepartmentbecauseitsprincipalfunctionisthe implementationofthelawinaccordancewiththepoliciesand instructionslaiddownbythelegislature.

WHYISITTHATTHECOURTOFTAXAPPEALSDOESNOTBELONGTOANYOF THE3DEPARTMENTS?(p1617) CourtofTaxAppealsspecialcourtexercisingparticularexpertiseonthe subjectoftax o Yamanev.BALepantoCondominiumCorporation:RA9282,Sec. 7(a)(3)theCourtofTaxAppealsexercisesexclusiveappellate jurisdictiontoreviewonappealdecisions,ordersorresolutionsifthe RTCinlocaltaxcasesoriginallydissolvedbythemintheexerciseof theirappellatejurisdiction. IV.CASES: 1. SmartCommunicationsv.NTC Administrativeagenciespossessquasilegislativeorrulemaking powersandquasijudicialoradministrativeadjudicatorypowers.Quasi legislativeorrulemakingpoweristhepowertomakerulesandregulations whichresultsindelegatedlegislationthatiswithintheconfinesofthe grantingstatuteandthedoctrineofnondelegabilityandseparabilityof powers(p2527)
QuasiLegislativeorRuleMakingPower 1. the power to make rules and regulations which results in delegated legislation that is withintheconfinesofthegrantingstatuteand the doctrine of nondelegability and separabilityofpowers 2.rulesandregulations a.productsofadelegatedlegislativepower b.littlelaws c.maybereviewedandnullifiedbythecourts iffoundtohavebeenissuednotincompliance withtherequisitesfortheirvalidity Requisites: i.germanetotheobjectsandpurposesofthe law ii.inconformitywiththestandardsprescribed bylaw. Note: the details and manner of carrying statute out are oftentimes left to the administrative agency entrusted with their enforcement (Commissioner of Internal Revenuev.SolidbankCorporation) 3. in case of conflict between a statute and administrative officers or bodies requiredto QuasijudicialorAdministrativeAdjudicatory Power the power to hear and determine question of fact to w/ch the legislative policy is to apply and to decide in accordance with the standards laid down by the law itself in enforcingandadministeringthesamelaw when it performs in a judicial manner an act which is essentially of an executive or administrativenature,wherethepowertoact in such manner is incidental to or reasonably necessary for the performance of the executive or administrative duty entrusted to it

administrativeorder,STATUTEprevails

investigate facts or ascertain the existence of facts,holdhearings,weighevidence,anddraw conclusions from them as basis for their official action and exercise of discretion in a judicialnature

2. Tiov.VideogramRegulatoryBoard thepetitionerassailedasaninvaliddelegationoflegislative authorityapresidentialdecreevestinginsaidboardthepowertosolicitorto enlistthesupportofothergovernmentalagenciestoenforceitsbroad powerstoregulatethevideoindustry(p31) *delegationcanbemadeifitismerelyaconfermentofauthorityordiscretion astoitsexecution,enforcementandimplementation 3. AssociatedCommunicationsandWirelessServicesUnitedBroadcasting Networksv.NTC afranchiseasdistinguishedfromaCPC(CertificateofPublic Convenience)inthattheformerisagrantofprivilegefromthesovereign powerwhilethelatterisaformofregulationthroughadministrative agencies(p3334)

CertificateofPublicConvenience Franchise form of regulation through the administrative grantofprivilegefromthesovereignpower agencies

4. Sta.RosaRealtyDevelopmentv.Amante thejurisdictionoftheDepartmentofAgrarianReformunder Section50ofRA6657istwofold.Thefirstisessentiallyexecutiveand pertainstotheenforcementandadministrationofthelaws,carryingthem intopracticaloperationandenforcingtheirdueobservance,whilethesecond isjudicialandinvolvesthedeterminationofrightsandobligationsofthe parties.(p2728)

TWOFOLDJURISDICTIONOFDAR1)executivepertainstotheenforcementand administrationofthelaws,carryingthemintopracticaloperationandenforcingtheirdue observance,2)judicialinvolvesthedeterminationofrightsandobligationsoftheparties

5. Aranetav.Magno 6. USv.AngTangHo theGovernorGeneralwasauthorizedbystatutetoissueand promulgate,withtheconsentoftheCouncilofState,temporaryrulesand emergencymeasuresforcarryingoutthepurposesofthelaw,wheneverfor anycauseconditionsariseresultinginextraordinaryriseinthepriceof

palay,riceorcorn.Pursuanttosaidauthorization,theGovernorGeneral issuedregulationsfixingceilingpricesforthesaidcereals.Theappellant, whowasprosecutedforsellingsaidcerealsatpriceshigherthantheceilings fixedbytheGovernorGeneral,challengedthelawonthegroundthatit constitutedaninvaliddelegationoflegislativepowerforfailuretoconform tothecompletenesstest(p36)

*thelawdoesnotspecificallydefinewhatsuchtemporaryandemergencymeasuresshall remaininforceandeffect,orwhentheyshalltakeeffect.

7. Ynotv.IAC (p37) *mayseefitconsistsofarovingcommission,thusinvaliddelegationoflegislative power 8. Pelaezv.AuditorGeneral (p38)