Chapter 15, Sections 1 & 2 Textbook Notes

US History Honors Regan (Period 3) Sonny An

Chapter 15, Sections 1 & 2 Textbook Notes Section 1: The Road to War 1933: President Franklin D. Roosevelts Good Neighbor policy: Supported nonintervention (i.e. US in Latin America). Benito Mussolini: Il Duce (the leader). o o o o o o Fascists: Promoted nation and race above all. Totalitarian dictator: Controlling all aspects of life. October 1935 to May 1935: Italy invades and conquers Ethiopia. Jews and non-Aryans were to blame for Germanys defeat in WWI. Hitlers rise to power: Nazi party Chancellor Fuehrer (after German president Paul von Hindenbergs death). Defies Treaty of Versailles: 1) Rebuilds military 2) Sends troops to Rhineland. 1936: Axis powers (Hitler + Mussolini) formed. 1931: Spains monarchy replaced with parliamentary government (democracy). o 1936: Francisco Franco to overturn democracy and restore monarchy (succeeds). Franco backed by Axis powers vs. Republicans backed by Soviet Union & Americas Abraham Lincoln Brigade. March 1938: Germany claims Austria shotgun marriage. Hitlers armies occupies Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. September 1938: Munich Pact: Peace for our time Neville Chamberlain, British prime minister. (France: Edouard Daladier, French Premier). o o Appeasement: Giving in to *Hitlers+ demands in an attempt to keep peace. Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war. Winston Churchill August 23rd, 1939: Hitler-Stalin nonaggression pact. September 1st, 1939: Germany invades Poland. o o o o Luftwaffe: German air force. Blitzkrieg: Swift, all-out style of attack. September 1932: Japan sets up a puppet-government in Manchukuo. Japan withdraws from the League of Nations. 1|Page

Adolf Hitlers National Socialist German Workers Party Nazis. 1929: German Depression, 6 million unemployed.

September 1931: Japan invades Manchuria.

Chapter 15, Sections 1 & 2 Textbook Notes

US History Honors Regan (Period 3) Sonny An

America protests Japans expansion into China, however, does little more. o o o Pearl Bucks The Good Earth, depicting the Chinese as noble and long-suffering. Jiang Jieshi, leader of China, and Soong Meiling, his wife, were popular figures in the US, appearing on the cover of Time magazine. Feared the closing of the Open Door policy.

1937: The China Incident: Japanese troops move into Shanghai and Nanjing, killing tens of thousands of Chinese civilians. Congress passes the Neutrality Acts to discourage US involvement in war.

Section 2: The War Begins (Credit to: Meegan Srisutham) German troops occupy Paris unopposed Hitler Crushes Europe France Surrenders French want to make a stand 3 million French soldiers line for defense & aid from England in Magniot Line France ends up surrendering o 338,000 British troops evacuate from Dunkirk Italy declares war on France The Battle of Britain Britains Royal Air Force > Hitlers Luftwaffe o Hitler abandons daylight attacks Blitz, bombing raids at night from German aircrafts The Americans Responded Interventionism: US give all support to Britain Isolationism: US stay out of war William Allen White: interventionist o Formed Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies Isolationists form: Committee to Defend America First o Headed by Robert E. Wood o Famous speaker Charles Lindbergh o 66,000 members Selective Service Roosevelt transfers 50 overage destroyers to Britain Britain allows naval & air base on territory in return 2|Page

Chapter 15, Sections 1 & 2 Textbook Notes

US History Honors Regan (Period 3) Sonny An

Selective Training and Service Act o Est. 1st peacetime draft for all men 21-35 years old for 1 year Your president says this country is not going to war! Roosevelt for election time Lend-Lease After election won, Roosevelt openly supports allies Lend-Lease bill Lend-Lease Act o Gives President right to sell, lend, or lease military supplies U.S. must become great arsenal of democracy Initial $7 billion budget + $50 billion at end to support allied war effort Germany travel in wolf pacts to sink U.S. & Britain supply ships o Roosevelt order protection of these ships o Undeclared naval war worsens German submarines open fire on the Greer, an American destroyer Germans = rattlesnakes of the Atlantic Congress revises Neutrality to let U.S. merchant ships carry munitions England Germany attack Soviet Union U.S. extend lend-lease act to USSR The Atlantic Charter Churchill & Roosevelt Atlantic Charter o Est. goals for postwar world o Each nation chooses their own government o U.S., Britain, & 15 others sign charter o UN is formed for security The Japanese Threat Increases Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Formed Japans aggression violates principles in Atlantic Charter Japan announces Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere o Included much of China, Southeast Asia, & western Pacific o Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis: Japan makes alliance w/ Germany & Italy Defend each other if attacked by U.S. The United States Responds U.S. responds through economic pressure Limit Japan expansion by cutting off supplies o Roosevelt places embargo on materials to Japan o Later ends all trade with Japan o Negotiations attempted but didnt work 3|Page

Chapter 15, Sections 1 & 2 Textbook Notes

US History Honors Regan (Period 3) Sonny An

Yamamotos Plan U.S. knew war w/ Japan would come Japan plans to strike Pearl Harbor

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