Asset: ti sn Liability: tiu sn(kh nng) To be unable to meet ones liabilities: khng c kh nng tr n Liability to military service: ngha

v tng qun Rat race

Chng mt sm,b vy nui con c 25 nm.Lc a con gi ln thnh danh m,thng no cng gi cho b $200 Ht xun ny n xun kia,c lun vin c ny n c kia khng v thm b.n khi ngi m mt,c v lm m tang tht to nhng ...tuyt nhin c khng h ri 1 git nc mt n khi c m chic rng m b lun u ging th c chy ti m quan ti m ht nh in "M, m...m i" Th ra nhng t la mi toanh c gi k cng vi nhng t giy a vng c dn vi tm hnh c con gi ln mi lt lng"Tin nhiu qu m xi khng ht con ,m nh con lm,mi ln nghe ting ng a (Honda) l m chy ra,nhng ln no cng khng phi l con.S tin ny m li cho con, dnh phng khi m au nha con" C c tt c "1 ngi ph n thnh t,giu c,danh vng,chng p,con ngoan" Nhng c mt i 1 iu v cng thing ling: M!

Nguyn ng Quang On the occasion of President Barack Obama taking the oath of office, let's learn something about it. Did you know that President Obama had to retake his oath of office in 2009? "On January 21, 2009, Chief Justice Roberts administered the presidential oath a second time to Barack Obama "out of an abundance of caution," according to the White House, because, when the oath was administered to President Obama the first time in the public inauguration ceremony, the word "faithfully" was misplaced. The second oath was administered in a simple, private ceremony in the Map Room of the White House. Obama's oath-retaking differed from all his predecessors' in that the private ceremony happened after the public one." Whenever you can't finish your food or you want to leave over your food, remember this picture. You are so lucky because you still have something to eat. P/s to leave over: b ma

Oath of office of the President of the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

President Ronald Reagan being administered the oath of office by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger on January 21, 1985.

The oath of office of the President of the United States is an oath or affirmation required by the United States Constitution before the President begins the execution of the office. The wording is specified in Article Two, Section One, Clause Eight: Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

Contents
[hide]

1 Administrator of the oath

o o

1.1 Option of taking an oath or an affirmation 1.2 Forms of administering the oath

2 Use of Bibles 3 Oath mishaps 4 Retaking the oath of office 5 "So help me God" 6 List of oath takings 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

[edit]Administrator

of the oath

While the Constitution does not mandate that anyone in particular should administer the oath, the oath is typically administered by the Chief Justice, but sometimes by another federal or state judge (George Washington was first sworn in by Robert Livingston, the chancellor of the State of New York in 1789, while Calvin Coolidge was first sworn in by his father, a Justice of the Peace and a Vermont notary public in 1923). By convention, incoming Presidents raise their right hand and place the left on a Bible or other book while taking the oath of office. William R. King is the only executive official sworn into office on foreign soil. By special act of Congress, he was allowed to take his oath of the office of the Vice President on March 24, 1853 inCuba, where he had gone because of his poor health.[1] He died 25 days later. From 1789 through 2013, the swearing-in has been administered by 15 Chief Justices, one Associate Justice, three federal judges, two New York state judges, and one notary public. To date the only person to swear in a president who was not a judge was John Calvin Coolidge, Sr., Calvin Coolidge's father, a notary whose home the then-Vice President was visiting in 1923 when he learned of the death of President Warren G. Harding. Sarah T. Hughes is the only woman to administer the oath of office. She was a U.S. District Court judge who swore Lyndon B. Johnson into office on Air Force One after John F. Kennedy's assassination.

[edit]Option

of taking an oath or an affirmation

The Constitutional language gives the option to "affirm" instead of "swear". While the reasons for this are not documented, it may relate to certain Christians, including Quakers, who apply this scripture literally: "But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, neither by the earth, neither by any other oath: but let your yea be yea; and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation" (James 5:12, KJV).[2] Franklin Pierce was the only president known to use the word "affirm" rather than "swear." Herbert Hoover is often listed to have used "affirm" as well, owing to his being a Quaker, but a newsreel taken of the ceremony indicates that the words used were "solemnly swear."[3] Richard Nixon, who was also a Quaker, also swore, rather than affirm.[4][5]

[edit]Forms

of administering the oath

There have been two forms of administering, and taking, the oath of office. Under the first form, now in disuse, the administrator articulated the constitutional oath in the form of a question, and modifying the wording from the first to the second person, as in, "Do you George Washington solemnly swear . . ." and then requested an affirmation. At that point a response of "I do" or "I swear" completed the oath.[citation needed] It is believed that this was the common procedure at least until the early 20th century. In 1881, the New York Times article covering the swearing in of Chester A. Arthur, reported that he responded to the question of accepting the oath with the words, "I will, so help me God."[6] In 1929, Time magazine reported that the Chief Justice began the oath uttering, "You, Herbert Hoover, do you solemnly swear...",[7] Hoover replied with a simple "I do". Under the second, and current form, the administrator articulates the oath in the affirmative, and in the first person, so that the President takes the oath by repeating it verbatim.[citation needed] Many times the President-elect's name is added after the "I"; for example, "I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, do. . . ." Lyndon B. Johnson did not add his name when swearing his first oath of office after Kennedy's death since he was never asked to say his name; there is evidence that in all other inaugurations since Franklin D. Roosevelt's first, the name of the president was added to the oath.[citation needed]

[edit]Use

of Bibles

Theodore Roosevelt did not use a Bible when taking the oath in 1901. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and Richard Nixon (also a Quaker) swore the oath on two Bibles. John Quincy Adams swore on a book of law, with the intention that he was swearing on the constitution.[8] Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in on a Roman Catholic missal on Air Force One. Washington kissed the Bible afterwards,[9] and subsequent presidents followed suit, up to and including Harry Truman,[10] but Dwight D. Eisenhower broke that tradition by saying his own prayer instead of kissing the Bible.[11]

[edit]Oath

mishaps

President Barack Obama being administered the oath of office by Chief Justice John Roberts for the second time, on January 21, 2009.

In 1909, when President William Howard Taft was sworn in, Chief Justice Melville Fuller misquoted the oath, but the error was not publicized at the time. The mistake was similar to the one Taft himself would make twenty years later when swearing in President Hoover. Recalling the incident, Taft wrote, "When I was sworn in as President by Chief Justice Fuller, he made a similar slip," and added, "but in those days when there was no radio, it was observed only in the Senate chamber where I took the oath."[7]

In 1929, Taft, later the Chief Justice, garbled the oath when he swore in President Herbert Hoover using the words "preserve, maintain, and defend the Constitution", instead of "preserve, protect, and defend". The error was picked up by schoolgirl Helen Terwilliger on the radio. Taft eventually acknowledged his error, but did not think it was important, and Hoover did not retake the oath. In Taft's view, his departure from the text did not invalidate the oath.[7][12][13]

In 1941, Charles Elmore Cropley, the Supreme Court clerk who held the Bible for President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third inauguration dropped the Bible after the oath was given. Photos detailing the mishap filled a full page of Life magazine the next week.[citation needed]

In 1945, President Harry S. Truman's bare initial caused an unusual slip when he first became president and took the oath. At a meeting in the Cabinet Room, Chief Justice Harlan Stone began reading the oath by saying "I, Harry Shipp Truman...", Truman responded: "I, Harry S. Truman,..."[14]

In 1965, Chief Justice Earl Warren prompted Lyndon Johnson to say, "the Office of the Presidency of the United States".[15]

In 2009, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, while administering the oath to Barack Obama, incorrectly recited part of the oath. Roberts prompted, "That I will execute the Office of President to the United States faithfully." Obama stopped at "execute," and waited for Roberts to correct himself. Roberts, after a false start, then followed Obama's "execute" with "faithfully", which results in "execute faithfully," which is

also incorrect. Obama then repeated Roberts' initial, incorrect prompt, with the word "faithfully" after "United States."[16][17] The oath was re-administered the next day by Roberts at the White House.[18][19]

[edit]Retaking

the oath of office

"Barack Obama taking the Oath of Office"

MENU 0:00 Obama takes the Oath of office of thePresident of the United States during hisinauguration on January 20, 2009. (Duration: 45 seconds)

Problems listening to this file? See media help.

"President Obama Re-Takes Oath"

MENU 0:00 Obama retakes the Oath of office of the President of the United States at 19:35 EST, January 21, 2009 (00:35 UTC, January 22, 2009) (Duration: 54 seconds).

Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Seven presidents have repeated their oath of office, for different reasons:

Presidents Chester A. Arthur (1881)[20][21] and Calvin Coolidge (1923)[22] took their first oath in a private venue (their residences), in the middle of the night, immediately after being notified of the death of a predecessor (James A. Garfield and Warren G. Harding, respectively). They later retook the oath after returning to Washington. In the case of Coolidge, there was an additional doubt whether an oath administered by a public notary (Coolidge's father) was valid.[23]

Five presidents took a private oath when Inauguration Day fell on a Sunday, and then a second oath in a scheduled public ceremony on the next day (Monday): Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877 (who actually took the private oath on March 3, a Saturday, one day before his term started), Woodrow Wilson in 1917, Dwight Eisenhower in 1957, Ronald Reagan in 1985, and Barack Obama in 2013.[24][25][26][27]

On January 21, 2009, Chief Justice Roberts administered the presidential oath a second time to Barack Obama "out of an abundance of caution," according to the White House, because, when the oath was administered to President Obama the first time in the public inauguration ceremony, the word "faithfully" was misplaced. The second oath was administered in a simple, private ceremony in theMap Room of the White House.[19][28][29][30] Obama's oath-retaking differed from all his predecessors' in that the private ceremony happened after the public one.

All incumbent Presidents elected to subsequent terms have re-taken the oath at the beginning of their next term, although it is unclear whether it is necessary for an incumbent President to take the oath again.[citation needed]

[edit]"So

help me God"

Further information: So help me God#United States and Oath It is uncertain how many Presidents used a Bible or added the words "So help me God" at the end of the oath, or in their acceptance of the oath, as neither is required by law; unlike many other federal oaths which do include the phrase "So help me God."[31] There is currently debate as to whether or not George Washington, the first president, added the phrase to his acceptance of the oath. All contemporary sources fail to mention Washington as adding a religious codicil to his acceptance.[32] The historical debate over who first used "So help me God," is marred by ignoring the two forms of giving the oath. The first, now in disuse, is when the administrator articulates the constitutional oath in the form of a question, as in, "Do you George Washington solemnly swear...", requesting an affirmation. At that point a response of "I do" or "I swear" completes the oath. Without verbatim transcripts, the scant existing evidence shows this was the common procedure at least until the early 20th century. In 1865 the Sacramento Daily Union covered the second inauguration ofAbraham Lincoln. Lincoln finished his oath with "So help me God,"

and he kissed the bible.[33] In 1881, the New York Times article covering the swearing in of Chester A. Arthur, reported that he responded to the question of accepting the oath with the words, "I will, so help me God".[6] In 1929, Time magazine reported that the Chief Justice began the oath uttering, "You, Herbert Hoover, do you solemnly swear..."[7] Hoover replied with a simple "I do". A Federal law suit filed in the District of Columbia by Michael Newdow on December 30, 2008 contended the second, current form of administration, where both the Chief Justice and the President articulate the oath, appending "So help me God", to be a breach of the Constitutional instructions. The suit distinguishes between the words spoken by the administrator, which must conform to the exact 35 words of the Constitution, and the President, who has a right to add a personal prayer, such as "So help me God."[34] Chief Justice Roberts' reply was that his "prompting" for these four extra-constitutional words were to be recited "after" the oath of office, and not as a part of the oath as claimed in the suit.[35] The first Congress explicitly prescribed the phrase "So help me God" in oaths under the Judiciary Act of 1789 for all U.S. judges and officers other than the President. It was prescribed even earlier under the various first state constitutions[36] as well as by the Second Continental Congress in 1776.[37][38] Although the phrase is mandatory in these oaths, the said Act also allows for the option that the phrase be omitted by the officer, in which case it would be called an affirmation instead of an oath: "Which words, so help me God, shall be omitted in all cases where an affirmation is admitted instead of an oath." [39] In contrast, the oath of the President is the only oath specified in the Constitution. It does not include the closing phrase "So help me God", and it also allows for the optional form of an affirmation which is not considered an oath. In practice, however, most Presidents, at least during the last century, have opted to take the oath (rather than an affirmation), to use a Bible to do so, and also to close the oath with the customary phrase. The earliest known source indicating Washington added "So help me God" to his acceptance, not to the oath, is attributed to Washington Irving, aged six at the time of the inauguration, and first appears 65 years after the event.[40] The only contemporary account that repeats the oath in full, a report from the French consul, Comte de Moustier, states only the constitutional oath,[41] without reference to Washington's adding "So Help Me God" to his acceptance. Evidence is lacking to support the claim that Presidents between Washington and Abraham Lincoln used the phrase "So help me God." A contemporaneous newspaper account of Lincoln's 1865 inauguration states that Lincoln appended the phrase "So help me God" to the oath.[42] This newspaper report is followed by another account, provided later in the same year after Lincoln's death (April 15, 1865), that Lincoln said "So help me God" during his oath.[43] The evidence pertaining to the 1865 inauguration is much stronger than that pertaining to Lincoln's 1861 use of the phrase. Several sources claim that Lincoln said "So help me God" at his 1861 inauguration, yet these sources were not contemporaneous to the event.[44][45] During the speech, Lincoln

stated that his oath was "registered in Heaven",[46] something some have taken as indicating he likely uttered the phrase "So help me God." Conversely, there was a claim made by A.M. Milligan (a Presbyterian minister who advocated for an official Christian U.S. government) that letters were sent to Abraham Lincoln asking him to swear to God during his inaugurations, and Lincoln allegedly wrote back saying that God's name was not in the Constitution, and he could not depart from the letter of that instrument.[47][48] Other than the president of the U.S., many politicians (including Jefferson Davis, sworn in as president of the Confederate States of America in 1861) used the phrase "So help me God" when taking their oaths.[49] Likewise, all federal judges and executive officers were required as early as 1789 by statute to include the phrase unless they affirmed, in which case the phrase must be omitted.[50] Given that nearly every President-elect since President Franklin D. Roosevelt has recited the codicil, it is likely that the majority of presidents-elect have uttered the phrase[51] (as well as some vice presidents, while taking their oaths). However, as President Theodore Roosevelt chose to conclude his oath with the phrase "And thus I swear," it seems that this current of tradition was not overwhelmingly strong even as recently as the turn of the twentieth century. Only Franklin Pierce has chosen to affirm rather than swear.[52] It is often asserted that Herbert Hoover also affirmed, because he was a Quaker, but newspaper reports before his inauguration state his intention to swear rather than affirm.[53]
ng bao gi th hin tnh cm khi qu mun, bn nh!

1. Friends are people you can talk to without words, when you have to. Bn b l nhng ngi m khi cn ta c th ni chuyn vi h khng phi dng n li ni 2. Love-respect-loyalty, that surely is what true friendship is all about Tnh yu - lng knh trng - s trung thnh, chc chn l nhng iu m mt tnh bn chn thc phi cha ng 3. It is one of the blessings of old friend that you can afford to be stupid with them iu sung sng ca bn thm tnh l mnh khng ngi t r s ngu ngc ca mnh 4. True friendship continues to grow , even over the longest distance . Same goes for true love . Tnh bn tht s vn tip tc pht trin , d qua khong cch xa nht . Tnh yu tht s cng th . 5. You should always leave loved ones with loving words . It may be the last time you see them. Hy lun dnh nhng li tt p nht cho nhng ngi bn yu thng nh . V c th bit u l ln cui cng bn c nhn thy h. T_T HY TRN TRNG NHNG NGI BN MNH ANG C NH. V BN B L MN QU V GI M THNG BAN CHO CHNG TA, NG KHNG NO? POSTED BY BO NGN