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FROM THE
BENNO LOEWY
1854.1919
PR
3071.151 1875
or,
Shakespeare hermeneutics;
The still
The
original of this
book
is in
restrictions in
text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013164490
SHAKESPEARE HERMENEUTICS,
or
THE STILL
LION.
SHAKESPEARE HERMENEUTICS,
or
The
Still Lion,
BY
C.
M.
INGLE BY,
M.A., LL.D.,
LONDON:
Printed by Josiah Allen, of Birmingham,
& published- by
Trubner &
Co., 57
&->
59,
Ludgate Hill.
1875.
[All Rig/its Reserved.]
j\cu'Pfs
I
'
$ote.
German Shakespeare
volume
its
Society,
at Berlin in the
for 1867.
proof of
it
before
publication,
and
The
in England.
till
1874-5,
his
in particular
and Mr.
reprinted
Society.
C.
it,
J.
Monro, of Hadley
the
edition to the
New
Shakspere
As
there
was
still
an unsatisfied demand
for
the
it;
little
it
and
first
afole of
Contents
PAGE
Note
v
Still
The
Lion discovered
I.
Chapter
On
the
in relation
to the
Text of Shakespeare
13
31
Chapter
II.
Chapter III.
Difficult
39
Chapter IV.
Emendation
Chapter V.
48
the Conjectural Emendation of Shakespeare's Text
On
105 155
Supplementary Notes
Passages in Shakespeare discussed in the
Still
Lion
-
161
Authors quoted
166
Thomas De
On any attempt to take liberties with a passage of his, you feel as when coming, in a forest, upon what seems a dead Lion ; perhaps he may not be dead, but only sleeping, nay perhaps he may not be sleeping, but only shamming. * * * * You may be put down with shame by some man reading the line
otherwise,'
or,
we
add, reading
it
in the light of
more extended
or
more
accurate knowledge.
Here
lies
comes down
to
us
It is true that
seed of time"
quartos,
is
in the
folio
1623, as well as
in
the
early
very corrupt.
It is corrupt
on two accounts.
As
was no proper
editorial super-
were intended merely for the accomthe text was therefore imperfect not
modation of play-goers
As
supervision of Messrs.
The
Still Lion.
printers,
was probably
left
to
printing-house,*
who
imperfect copies at
first,
and a misprinted
The
and
Roman
to
down
modern times
ancient texts.
If
we had
to deal with
same means
But such
is
not
the case with the works of any English author the proportions of a classic
:
nor Milton,
is
to
which he committed
'
his thoughts
exactly as the
'
Last Supper
of Leonardo da
it
might
it
Such
offering
and
Queries,
See Notes
The
Still Lion.
who
is
author's phraseology.
we
shall
soon
see,
in
some of
it
is
no very
them
parts
of the inferior
players, or
work of a
joint-author, or as interpolations
by the
as matter adopted
his
own was
founded.
student
is
naturally in-
and an
editor
who works
bound
The example
of the ancient
and the
capital success
critics.
As
owns no
restraint
and systemat-
restored or amended,
accom-
modated
to
the
prevailing
grammatical standard.
By
this
means more fatuous and incapable nonsense has been manufactured for Shakespeare than can be found in
any of the
The
text of Milton,
offers little or
no
The
Still Lion.
predicted
English texts
it
was the
have afforded
But
it
and
'
won
his spurs
'
as a verbal critic of
felicity,
As some
text
had
whom
it
bard.
great
in its way.
He
mars
The
systematic departure
Mr. B. M. Pickering says At the end of the first edition of Paradise Lost we meet with what, to a casual observer, would appear to be a very singular correction, viz. Lib. 2. v. 414, " For we read wee." Even a tolerably attentive student of the
'
what
to
make of
this.
It is
be met with in this edition of Paradise Lost quite as or rather oftener, with a single than with a double e. It occurs as we
is
we
to
The
explanation
is
that
with a single
e,
hee, yee.
Many
and
is
now, usual,
this
regular,
is common in old books, but after a unvarying system, deliberately formed by Milton himself, and
The
Still Lion.
and we admire
his
we
deplore
their misapplication.
who
is
LIFE,
me
two English
its
existence, is
appeal
is
to the
common
mind.
meaning of a dialogue
or a soliloquy,
a mere impertinence,
how
splendid soever
its
may be
its
diction, or
is,
thought.
Shakespeare
human
;
nature, as well as
his vocabulary
in as sublime a
more or
amenable to
'flies
an
and
is
He
is
'
common
rhythm
With
distinction
in
not
far to seek.
successfully
done was
in the
The
Still Lion.
field
conspicuous
and
this,
complemented with
purpose.*
that
and
it
had he known
in
what relationship
and
which
on Milton.
'
The
difference in the
'
material vehicle
consists in the
difference
We
must
in-
is
and
we know, moreover,
fastidiously vigilant
he was
and
accurate.
We may
the text contains but very few misprints, and that conjecture
De Quincey's articles on Bentley and Landor. t The relationship is easily stated, though it is very remote. Shakespeare's granddaughter married (secondly) the brother of Mrs. Bentley's
* See
grandfather.
The
Still Lion.
we may be
They would
still
difficulties,
historical, consisting
wholly of allusions
and
events,
customs.
Not a
much
:
learning
siderable
change,
though much
than
the
habits
and
we know, having Of
this fact
self-
made
an unnecessary
much more
save
solution, a clue of
which
all writers,
Thomas
poems
Goethe conhis
fessed to
Eckermann
it
any of
when once
the task
by the demand
new
edition;
read
it
Why
was this?
Simply because he
felt
Widerwille, or
The
Still Lion.
distaste,
self,
by
reason of
the
'un-
surmised shape.'
He
had outgrown
:
his
own
that phrase
back with
he owned
no more, but
greater present.
'As
for
what
it
'I take
no pride in
whatever.
myself, poets
after me.'
more
p. 145.)
He
"I
and vehe-
mence")
nor
which
is
hereafter to reward
it
my
efforts.
I hate
my
I
will
go down
mine that
it
know
that
it
but
I tell
all, I
Characteristics
p. 112.
He
Womit
Now
poems
and nothing
else.
The
save his sonnets and minor pieces, were written for represent-
The
Still Lion.
ation
Not
fully
answered
his primary aim, which was mercenary, but not that grand ideal
in
Hence he
mere im-
being
'
mercenary,
From
if
not
unholy
suits,'
designed to
as
being often
own
ideal.
he naturally shrank.
might
be
likely to guarantee
Of one
thing
we may be
good sense
perfectly indifferent to
which a
been made',
calls 'das
Blenden
many
man
life.
of letters has
his
Be
all
that as
may,
it
is
first
collection
of his plays was published six or seven years after his death;
and
it
is
This
is
who advocate
the rights
needs emendation.
c
io
The
Still Lion.
If a
malady
baffles
and experiment.
text, the diagnosis is infinitely
difficulties
(2)
text.
Our healthy
and
parts are so like our diseased parts, that the doctor sets about
body
is
to bear
on
What,
archaic phraseology
against us
critic
1
their
powers
Why,
such cases,
:
it
is
most
likely
that the
would be
utterly baffled
that he
would be unable to
forces
restore
by the combined
it
of
all
Now
contemporary
literature
and conjectural
criticism could
is
do
for Shakespeare's
thirty-five
a residue of
all
about
to
passages
which
have defied
Does
is
it
not seem
such cases
and our
The
Still Lion.
n
We
shall see.
The
vintage afforded
Conjectural criticism
perfection of the text
cise
it
legitimate; for
it
is
needful to the
but no
culture
(i) a
in the time of
Shakespeare
(2)
(3) a
The
jectural
the question
To what
extent,
and
in
criticism
be safely exercised?
For the
last
twenty
which
its
pretensions
wholly without
parallel.
The
J. P. Collier's pseudo-antique
down
to
the
late in the
Mr. Staunton's
papers
'On
Unsuspected Corruptions
text.
We
allow
and
but
certain other
may be
the
We
* The late Mr. Staunton was deficient in this. Such a symptosis as would be introduced into the text by reading, in Macbeth, 'Making the green zone red' and 'cleanse the clogged bosom,' &c, would (to borrow De Quincey's happy phrase) splinter the teeth of a crocodile,' and make
'
12
The
Still Lion.
not
to insist
on matters of
taste,
which
it is
proverbially difficult to
make
matters of controversy.
We
tion
by the power of
in
their
own
sense.
To do
and
volume
by the force of
to accomplish.
particular
examples
our aim
that
we now propose
This
is
to
English
to point out
phrases in
it
to
words
and
phrases
;
emendation
and
finally
to
discuss
the
general subject of
some examples
Having
accomplished
this,
we
is
to conserve
what
is
sound and
what
is
corrupt,
and not
at all to
improve what, to
their imperfect
isfactory.
To
we submit
the
question, whether
which
is intelligible
however strange
the cultivated
situation,
CHAPTER
I.
IN
Let us con-
to
consequent instability of
written
words
just as
we must
The word
(pntia),
rightly regarded, is
an expressed
it
ens rationis.
shall
It is purely
We
hold those
to be in the
sign
to
the
writing
were de jure, as
it
is
de
facto, a
Be
that as
it
may,
and speaking
is
word
(voTjjia)
to another
is is
impossible
but to suggest
Still,
in
effect,
something
to both minds.
In order that we
that
is
may
in our
14
The
Still Lion.
it,
to understand
it
as
we
do.
The
written
word
is
The
;
letters
which con-
stitute
invariable.
Thus
ea
and
a,
or ea
;
and
e,
may by agreement
g,
and/ and
or j
and
i,
may,
or
nothing in
common may
much
Thus,
pourtray, scase
and
kele
scarce, scorce
and
scar,
and
kiss,
cool, kill
and
quell, leese
cusse
and
make and
mate, &c.
in
Not a shade of
difference exists
any of these
and
Con-
may
must
many
may be
We
and must
faut);
mere (mare),
mere (lake), and mere (pure); sound (sows), sound (sanus, whole),
sea),
These two
The
Still Lion.
15
similarity of
e. g.,
those which have only the same spelling, without either similarity
e. g.,
lead or tear.
The
main points
keep
distinctly in
view in
vocal expression,
internal
;
may change
signified
to almost
any
extent,
word
and
by such
letters or
sounds
may remain
unaltered
may be
used
common
origin.
many
him.
Among
bad
spelling
we have no
certain
means of knowing.
If he
We
the compositors
who
set
up
his works.
subject to only
But even as
late as the
Commonwealth
like a standard.
may be
was nothing
* Mr. A.
J. Ellis
we do
not.
There
is
and Mr. A. M. Bell hear a glide in this word which a glide in fort and port, but we do not detect it in
sounded as
in French, ort is at once
ort or sort.
differentiated
Of
course, if the r be
6
1
The
Still Lion.
in that respect.
The
question,
of the time,
is
exceedingly puzzling.
We
much
more than
at present a purely
in
literal
That
and
j, or
u and
v,* should
many anomalies
of their spelling),
is
quite
enough to
One
is
had
not,
somewhat
earlier, their
which became
So
far
we have been
able
to settle
allowed as
many
as a
dozen
The
is
or to faint)
The Rev.
F. G. Fleay, in the
to discover a difference
Aihenaum, September 26, 1874, pretends between the same word spelt under the v and under
recover, recouer,
live,
the u orthography.
divell
'
Thus we have
and deule;
of these
even, euen,
is
and eene;
Hue, and
The
last
especially important,
Shakspere.'
We
We
7,
live in
lie.
The
Still Lion.
17
In a Nominale
Wright, F.S.A.,
Thomas
word
is
figured swoyne.
swoun or swoune.
swoon; and
so
we
find
it
in Milton,
spells
it
Dryden, and
all
the moderns.
But
Fabyan, 1364,
swown
sound; and in
it
is
generally swonet
limit
for
each word, we
may
rest
much
as
seemed good
in
its
in his
own
eyes.
That he had
just set
up a word
should,
one
literal
on
recurrence, spell
in
The
Sam
Weller's surname,
writer
'
depended
printer;
'
upon the
just as
taste
or of the
and
pedants with us
hensible), so did
an Elizabethan compositor
sacrifice a just
and
his
compendious form
and
contempt of uniformity.
he had
set
If he
had
set
'
up brydde
if
for
composition
became,
any-
and y;
for omitting a d,
i for
y,
on the
next occasion
when he had
The
Still Lion.
To have
printed,
'Among
would
much
ence; for apart from custom, which always has more weight
than
it
is
such a
make-up of
his lines.
does not
Woman
(ed.
1592;
sig.
is
unimportant here:
any long
and
For think
Here
it is
it
set
'
holy daies
'
'
as
hollydaies
as in the
second
a
'
Here
little
workingdaies,' instead of
room
'
The
Still Lion.
19
hyphen.
Indeed
it
is
'
holy
compound word,
as sanctce dies.
making up the
is,
Again,
4,
and wanton,
fayre,
Here
'
'fayre
'
is
likewise in
Edward
p. 34-5),
Phillips'
we have
where height
'
'
is
and heighth
'
'
the
Again
in
The
Two
Angrie
Women
'I
am
abusde,
my
On
By
Mistresse Goursie
How
are
we
y was
as
itself?
How,
for the omission of the h from the catch-word, and the change
of ey into
ie,
20
The
Still Lion.
little,
That
for
it
was so
in
is
proved by the
script
:
manu-
e.
g.,
in
letter
we read
'
:
all
players Juglers
to finde] &c.
&
Similarly, I
than
/,
and
/ as
good
as // in such a
in holy
:
word
In fairness
it
in
some few
printed
to uniformity of
occasionally discernible
till
a standard of spelling
In the work
i.
first
chapter
3),
page wool
spelled woll
and wooll;
is
wool
only
found
in
compounds
at all
them
words
True,
of one
say H.
to be
1580, hair
and once
heare.
It is also
1585.
The
It occurs,
however, in earlier
Drant's transla-
books than
those.
and
too,
on and
one, the
not always
'
The
Still Lion.
21
by means of the
context.
sometimes presented
(audire).
v.
in a
Here
smile
at.
'
is
'
whose
(2
fiedg'd
Hen. IV.,
2).
This
is
fertile in
confu-
diverge,
Wickliff spelt
hard
The
spelt
Elizabethans,
who
inherited
style,
which
is
and
in parts of
may
still
hear
Accordingly, those
for
22
The
Still Lion.
heard,
hard
it
was
lost
by condis-
founding
by confounding
it
Heard (armentum)
4,
where
it
has
You shames
Plaister
of
you
ore, that
abhorr'd
The Johnsonian
Johnson himself,
and Plagues
you herd of
Plaster you o'er,
Boils
&c,
of,'
making
left
a break after
'
as
if
him no time
From Johnson
:
to Collier every
latter,
who
many
se as
good per
The
reason
is this.
Passion takes
weakened the
force
is
by the
prefix 'unheard-of.'
But there
The
Still Lion.
23
We
of armentum.
Twice
and once
same contemptuous
We
adduce
this
because
it
does not.
It is just
we
find
it.
score of suppo-
preposition
'boils
We
might
governing
and
as governed
by 'you
herd,' followed
by an aposiopesis
'
or
we
:
off!
'
and so
forth
;
and
there are
But in such a
case
it
is
We
must
stand by the
and
wait.
(cor)
was generally
spelt hart,
and
still
no
security against
confusion.
last
scene
Of man and
and
it
latter
would be of service
in
Perkins-Ireland of
Knowe-Ware
to propose a
new expedient
24
The
Still Lion.
that a line
is
lost
He
of
would read
!
You shames
Rome
you herd of
An
infinite
malady of
boils
and plagues
He
first
'of
line
in the second,
;
first
words of that
and he supposes
was
or
'
heartless hinds.'
All which
we must allow
to be very ingeline
nious.
which
is
certainly corrupt
is far
from
being that
there
many
viz.,
portions rest
of a great
however,
it
be
'infinite malady,'
'timorous deer,'
&c, are more likely to be the missing words, because they are used elsewhere by Shakespeare,
a strong argument against
it
is sufficient to reply,
:
that
is
them
e.
g.,
forasmuch as
in
'
infinite
malady
'
is
it
used in
is
Tvnon of Athens
a precisely similar
passage,
employed
be helpful to know
this fashion
;
be emended in
for
Our
words in the second line were, totidem verbis, an malady ; but he does not tell us what the exact words were. Why augment the mass of indefinite conjectures ?
The
Still Lion.
25
To
origin,
help
and heal
(or hele),
common
is
writers indifferently.
Thus, in Phioravantis
yong
children.'
is
:
referred to as
To
'
thus showing
both verbs.
This
use
common enough
in
Shakespeare
to her eyes repair
Love doth
To help him of his blindness, And being helpt inhabits there. Two Gent,
a conceit frequently found in the writers of
of Verona,
iv. 2.
this time,
but never
more
Again,
Not
But
if I help,
helping, death's
my
fee,
me ?
Ends
Well.
i.
2.
though what
it
doth impart
Rich. III.,
iv. 4.
Help not at
all,
Romeo and
Juliet,
i.
2.
we mean by
help,
We
take
make,
Which
Comus, 845-7.
26
The
Still Lion.
Select Observations
upon
p. 223.
That
this
means
perfectly cured
is
shown by the
translator's
so was cured,' p.
p.
"
176, 'and
in a short
time became
p.
well,'
238.
Here,
then,
we have
used synonymously.
help,
It is
unknown
to the
it
commentators on Shakespeare.
have been
;
must
Let us
the word
1,
To
Though
in
word
one
even twice
in
contiguous
at that day.
not to be
commended,
was common
better example
of this could not be found than the line just quoted, or one in
Macbeth,
v. 3,
Cleanse the
stitff'd
bosom of
that perilous
stuff,
or one in K.
Henry
V., v. 1
To England
will I steal,
and there
I'll steal.
The
late
Rev. A. Dyce (A
Few
p.
and a
further instal-
The
Still Lion.
merit
is
We give
a few
more
in a foot-note. 1
come after you, with what good speed Our means will make us means. All's Well
I will
that
Ends
Well.
whom
ii.
I trash
I.
Othello,
cited,
with
six
82 1,
xi,
253-4.
I'll
take
my
leave
And
ii.
1.
Richard II,
v.
5.
Rain added to a
Venus
and Adonis.
And
in fresh to
The age
graces,
lies,
Sonnet
17.
Yet some there were, the smaller summe were That joyed to see the summe of all their joy. The Countess of Pembrooke's Passion, St.
Nicholas Breton).
they,
78
(attributed
to
is
c.
g.,
were
of your flock,
iv. 3.
And
Of
Winter's Tale,
Richard
III., iv. 4.
And
Henry
V.,\. 2.
Why
that paper to
me
4.
with
look untender?
Cymbeline,
iii.
The
Still Lion.
Section
xliii.
of the late
W. Sidney Walker's
i.
Critical
p. 276.
In
It
first
help
means
Yet the
line has
been
Collier, Singer,
and
We
the
first
five.
tract, entitled
Collier, Coleridge,
and
cerning with his usual penetration the sense which the passage
help,
which would
hele
It is
somewhat curious
cool'd.
that helpful
and healthful
Haply
that
name
Lean penury within his pen doth dwell, That to his subjects lends not some small
This mist,
I sweare,
glory.
Sonnet
84.
my
friend,
is
mystical.
Arden of Feversham.
And by
Aurora, Sonnet
Still finest
That we may praise them, or themselves prize you. Herrick. To Mildmay, Earl of Warwick.
And
if I trusse not,
let
me
not be trusted.
Chapman.
Bussy D'Ambois,
iii.
2.
'
The
Still Lion.
29
and
that
Rowe changed
the
into helpless;
the second into helpful: so great a fatality seems to have invested this family of words,
'hapless ^-Egeon'
all
Why
'hopeless
may
wonder
In
2
Henry
and
is
again sup:
planted.
Long sitting to determine poor men's causes Hath made me full of sickness and diseases.
To which Cade
Ye
shall
replies,
nor do we see
how
it
could
Cade promises
;
be administered-to
:
he
shall
and hatchet-cure
and
if it
may be found
for the
cord
may be
the hatchet.'
jest to
critics
But there
is
no occasion
Now
from the Folio 1632; which reading Steevens and Ritson admiringly approve, the former saying,
'
is
30
The
Still Lion.
little
is
perfect.
Cade proposed
to cure
the axe.
The
article
inserted
by the
Second
Folio
is
an impertinence.
I,
In Sonnet
cliii.
we have
there
meant bath-cure
meant
hatchet-cure.
Finally, Mr. A. E.
Brae
(in the
work
lately cited,
Pap,
and
each
may
refer to
The
we
read,
fatality
2
spoken of
VI.
Errors and
Henry
Ends
Well,
i.
3,
He
Are of a mind;
and
his physicians
W. Sidney Walker
Samuel
and the
late
Mr.
and accepted
again, in
in favour of cure!
:
Once
Henry
VI.,
ii.
1,
we have my
Come,
offer at
shrine,
and
I will
help thee;
for help.
CHAPTER
II.
IN
will
be perceived that
not
mere
fact to that in
one word
that in
cident in one, at
Help and
yet
having the
find bleak
common
;
parent.
In Shakespeare
;
we
and
bleat (balare)
;
(consors)
attach
and
in
and
(manum
inicere)
;
quilk
and
quilt (culcita)
set of
reckless
and
retchless
(temerarius)
symbols
are equivalents of
had once a
strictly
synonyms having
distinct
lust,
differences,
g.,
or even
become
dole
the
signs of
list
words
;
e.
bleak
and black;
and deal;
and
&c.
to
ward and
guard,
The
Still Lion.
&c.
may
receive
some modi-
fication of
signs.
In
way
is
for
an extent, that
failure
its
literature
we have
to determine
it
stands, or a corruption
demanding emendation.
conjectural
criticism to the Still
subject.
The
risk of applying
Lion increases
as
Under appa-
rently nonsensical
intelligence the
Scarcely a year
new
light,
some
'
dark passage
'
with his
'
farthing candle
ingenuity
in vain.
and
felicity,
has tinkered
still
An
Hee
it
is
35).
he did,
would be hard
to
is
denounce him
just this, that
is
for probing
them.
The
complaint, however,
he does not
heal them.
butchery; but of
knows
as
little
as a barber-surgeon.
There
an old
'
jeast
'
The
Still Lion.
33
tomer,
fell
and
firm.
more
him
alone.
But though
some notable
a number
Of
single
nonsense.
First, as to textual difficulties affecting single
words.
Here
every
'
whom
Empirickqutick.
Esil.
Coriolanus,
v.
I.
ii.
I.
Hamlet,
Arm-gaunt.
i.
Land-damn.
Oneyers.
I
Winter's Tale,
ii.
I.
5.
Hen. IV,
iii,
ii,
I.
Aroint.
Barlet.
Macbeth,
i.
3. 6.
iii.
4.
Paiocke.
Hamlet,
2.
iii, I.
Macbeth,
i.
Prenzie.
iii.
Measure
for
Measure,
Bone.
Timon
of Athens,
S.
Runaways.
Scamels.
iii,
2.
Charge-house.
v. 2.
I.
Skains- mates.
Romeo and
ii,
Juliet,
Cars.
Twelfth Night,
ii.
5.
ii,
4-
Cyme.
Macbeth,
v. 3. It,
ii.
Strachy.
5. 2.
Twelfth Night,
5.
iii,
Ditcdame.
As You Like
Vllorxa.
Timon
of Athens,
v,
1.
3.
Dung.
Yaughan.
will
Hamlet,
call the
From
Ullorxals.
word we
entire class
We
must allow,
at
34
The
Still Lion.
words are
utterly hopeless;
that
one or two
will trouble
no
fair to justify
them-
One can
is
it
from the A.
S.
and
back*
occurs
thee,
an old proverb, t
it is
BarId was
J.
Munro have
pretty nearly
It
appears
be
*
Ktifia,
cyma, the
name
But
witch,
the desideratum.
flee,
and we observe
in the
Animal World,
'What wonder
northern dialect.
would infer that aroint is extant in some have heard squander applied to vermin in this very way by a Yorkshireman. Aroint is used by Sir W. Scott: 'wherefore aroint ye, if ye were ten times my master, unless ye come in bodily shape, lith and limb. Bride of Lammermoor, ch. vii.
these expressions one
From
We
% Just
as
we have Barlows
for
Marlows
in
35
Vertomannus, &c,
which was
assuredly
commonly used
a misprint; for
as a gentle purgative.*
if
Arm-gaunt
is
and most
certhat.
more
likely correc:
but
not an inappropriate
The
favour of arrogant.
Charge-house
pronunciation, just as in
losses
On
1
the other
Scamels has
it
hitherto presented an
and ten
substitutes for
state
prescriptive place
for the female
the text.
Norfolk, a scamel
the
name
Godwit.
Still,
ii.
p.
260.)
we
* Philemon Holland, in his version of Pliny, employes the plural cymes, where Pliny has the singular, cyvm : Yet none put foorth their cymes or tender buds more than they [>'. e., the colewort].' Holland's Pliny, 1601 Of all kinds of Coleworts, the sweetest and most pleasant ii. p. 25 ; again, to the tast, is the Col-florie cyma [in margin], although it be counted good But on this point doctors disagreed. for nothing in Physicke.'
' '
36
The
Still Lion.
breeding.*
wine), or the
Esil
is
either Eysell
(i. e.,
vinegar, or
worm-wood
name
escaped unchal-
Mr. Staunton
of Shakespeare.
guesses at
it
in his edition
appears to be a
misprint for bed, the termination one (instead of ed) having been
line.
Assuredly
it
was
there,
and there
to
prolong the
who were
already prepared by
aways we
shall
Guesses enow
press-errors
rickqutick, skains-mates,
remain to
this
day
As
to these three,
Yaughan
in
may be
a proper-name; and
time,
it
if
such a
well
records of the
may
be a misprint
tapster's
either
Vaughan
or Johan, which
tells us,
would be the
name.
Skain,
Mr. Staunton
in
removes
all
difficulty
Empirick-
we
It
definite
which we
may
call duplicative.
Here
are a
did
We
it
Latham
We
not take
page 120 of the Clarendon Press edition of The Tempest, where the same explanation is given and the same objection taken.
at
The
Still Lion.
37
class,
Respec-
axiomomata
for axiomata, in
Aurorora
for
400
March
16,
first folio
of
Shakespeare.
'
And
still
more
the whiche
'
in
Fabyan's Chronicle,
is
vol.
i.
c.
246
some
syllable
:
as, in
In practice
we have
as
often found
ourselves
anticipating
the
terminal consonants
:
of the next
make work
:
speak for
may
and
in the
made
:
in the copy,
and
whereby a second
if
in
com-
we had
it
in
hand
to expose
and
So
it
came
remarks on duplicative
kind.
Of
of
ducdame (which,
like
'
38
The
Still Lion.
aroint
as a nonsensical refrain
and
in support of that
view Mr.
J.
O. Phillips (Halliwell)
cites,
dusadam-me-me.
if
common enough
is
its
and
refrain,
it
solicitous
about
Allowing
to
be such a
in
which no meaning
would be looked
for, is it likely
made
to
show such
solicitude about
Had
it
been, for
'
CHAPTER
III.
ON THE DIFFICULT PHRASES IN SHAKESPEARE, AND THE DANGER OF TAMPERING WITH THEM.
UT
the critic
is
in
danger of assuming, on
insufficient
owes
scribes
its
obscurity to
It is
the
corruption of words
by
and
printers.
:
three heads
idioms,
idiotisms,
:
fall
into disuse,
to the
they are presented to the eye undergo change, but each several
word
and
is
its
in force.
Some words
Others (like
liberty, practice,
These villains will make the word " captain " as odious 'A captain word "occupy,'' which was an excellent good word before it was This word is now restored to its old ill-sorted.' 2 Hen. IV., ii. 4.
as the
respectability.
40
The
Still Lion.
bols of speech.
figurative, and,
The
literal
sense of
some
gives
way
to the
perhaps more
and a word
kinds of expression
affinities
also.
:
The normal
of parts
the
idiotism.
creative
we
call
idiasms
{ihaafioi).
Thus
it
appears that
the idiom
private
is
At present we
shall
entire phrase.
The idioms
tical
scarcely change at
contain
or dead.
many idioms which by this time have become obsolete The worst of it is, that we read him so much, and
little
with so
we
and sound of
his phraseology,
and come
we understand
Holy
it,
mistaking the
to pass of
Such an idiom
The
Still Lion.
41
as
is
made be
and Travaile
(a.d.
'
1322-46),
is
as
dead as a door-nail
yet
we have
A. V.
the same,
;
We
do you
this
in the
and we read
that
it
so used to
it,
is
as
unintelligible as an
unknown
Bible was
lines
obsolescent
printed.
v. 2,
How
it
often, *too,
in
Hamlet,
Does
*
me now
is't
upon,
*
this
To
but to
quit
him with
arm?
is
how many
readers
is
this
idiotism
intelligible
For
one
of the play
To
quit (requite)
him with
The same
:
expression
viz.,
is
employed
ii.
in three other
iv.
places in Shakespeare
Rich. II,
1.
'
Rich. Ill,
ii.
Juliet,
('
I stand
on sudden haste
but
which
is
not identical
It is usually
explained cor-
We
Then they
gladly,
*
hanged
most
come
God
. . .
the
selfe speake,
who doth
42
The
Still Lion.
it
stands us upon.
Lupton's
will
Too good
to be true.
be saved,
Or
be en-graved.
Again,
2
how
i.
often
in
Hen. IV.,
2,
whoreson Achitophel
to
bear a gen-
viz.,
iv.
iii.
iv.
i.
Nothing,
Macbeth,
in
2.
Examples of
this are
commoner
five
Here are
the bodies of
men and
beasts which he
[the Devil]
beareth the
seeth will
The
Epistle.
And
the
tion
yet
much worse
and
sute
:
is
it
to
make them
to
mary by
wife
striving
and
hate,
for
threatning,
when they goe to lawe woman, bearing her in hand that shee is his
as
together, the
man
: Vives'
2.
Instruc-
of a Christian
as for the
Woman
(R.
Hyrd), 1592.
Sig.
And
himselfe,
manner of his Apostacy or backsliding, the priest nay the partie himselfe, nay we our selves know to be farre
Racster,
1598,
And
and
hande
w ;n
1596.
To
the Reader.
The
Still Lion.
43
Salomon teacheth us
stand in
and
so to
make them
shall be.
Ibid, p. 21.
awe
he doth not
we must
beare
211 of
this curious
and
instructive treatise,
which
is
a translation of
;
De
Lemuribus, of Lavaterus
and
it
is
common
has
in
The phrase
of great antiquity.
notice
is
The
example that
in
ii.),
hold one in
hand
in
As
to the
meaning of these
To bear
in
To stand upon
is
to
be incumbent on.
hand
It
is
lete
idiotism
live
to
die
and
by a thing;
remember
one's
courtesy ;
to
cry on
thing; to cry
game;
all
contemporary
evidence.
Where
falls
adduced the
felicity,'
susi.
pected phrase
an easy prey to
'
conjectural
e.,
to barbarous innovation.
slight
occasion
Is not
?),
no
difficulty.
The
expression
No
is ?
;
(for
No
did ?
No
have
is
one instance
iv. 2,
King John,
where
44
The
Still Lion.
'
No
had
'
Had none.
use of the
(See Notes
relative
and
Queries, ist
S. vii.
520
&
593.)
The
absolute
was in
it
are in
Shakespeare
viz.,
two
'
The Tempest,
i.
'
Who
having,
&c,
he did
believe,' &c.
being,'
&c, did
give us'),
and one
Labours Lost,
first
i.
('Who
of which the
The
mal a usage as
in Shakespeare,
expression
and
in
some half-dozen
places
where such
altered.
is
been conjecturally
But above
other peculiarities
g.,
a grammatical inaccuracy
to reflect
Some
critics
have gone so
far as
to attempt
the
did go
to Stratford
Grammar
!
but grammar
('Who
having into
Which when
This
is
it
bites
I smile
ii.
and
say,
no
flattery.
As You
Like
It,
1.
The
Still Lion.
45
language to
istic
shivers,'
which,
!
it
appears,
it
is
a natural character-
of literary genius
Accordingly
him of those
defects.
So
it
has hap-
grammar, as well as
they have betrayed
doing
this
an amount of ignorance
have had the
discredit.
for
The
AVENGED ON
After
all
HIS FOES.
that a
rence of conjectural
skill,
can
effect in vindicating
still
and restoring
remain a number
much
of corrupt
it is
possible that
some
much more
which
Among
this
numerous family
ples of the class
1.
will
serve as sam-
I see that
men make
That
Ends
Well,
iv.
2.
It is as lawful,
to as violent thefts
And
3.
Troilus
and
Cressida, v.
3.
The dram
Doth
.
of eale
all
To
his
own
Hamlet,
i.
4.
46
The
Still Lion.
4.
That
to
be a
lord.
Timon of Athens,
5.
i.
1.
forget
Which our
6.
divines lose
by 'em.
palates
Caesar's.
3.
more
the dung,
Antony and
Cleopatra,
v. 2.
From
scarres.
the
first
has
been infinitesimally
in the
We
the
editors'
numbers
If
these
numbers do not
and to the
ill
The
diffi-
may
lie,
as in fact
it
often does, as
much
in the percep-
be received.
I.
The
Still Lion.
47
When we
even those which have received the most vigilant and jealous
supervision, both of Editor
that,
and of Reader,
it is
to be expected
at a time
when
printing
thodical
exhibit a harvest of
typographical casualties.
On
the whole
we
are disposed to
More-
over,
we
much
due
ability of these
Rope-scarres
is
so that
it
is
not surprising
them
right
by the mere
and
taste.
CHAPTER
IV.
AN EXAMINATION AND DEFENSE OF CERTAIN WORDS AND PHRASES IN SHAKESPEARE, WHICH HAVE SUFFERED THE WRONGS OF EMENDATION.
HE
are
Let us
now
prolix;
critics.
So capricious
words and
the
objections
it
preferred
against
particular
phrases, that
is
advantage.
difficulties
all
To
learn
the
is
acknowledged
peculiarities
;
and
of that text
points
a labour of love
and
to retain
the
salient
of Shakespeare's
phraseology in
an
memory
is
business that
is
to follow.
The
Still Lion.
49
before
him
'
full
'
the
critic
wades
down
illu-
possibility
is
throw
on the text of
his
venerated author.
This
by
all
exceptions, which
is
as well to forget.
Fit propaedeutic
is
The labour
achieved, the
much
time and
effort,
some
as the
game
Queries, to
new
reading.
'
His con-
the undoubted
restoration of a passage
which has
for
and
correction.'
Then
follows, equally
The
known and
he
perfectly understood
takes for a
new
many
cases
is
may be
siccus,
In a few of such
to
is
produce
his
authority for adhering to the old text: but where there are
so
many 'Richmonds
in the field,'
50
The
Still Lion.
is
im-
He
ing of a Walker or a
Dyce
is
and that
for
them
'
to put a
word or phrase on
it,'
merely
because they
is
an impertinence, against
inconclusive, by
We
have more
any
it
one
and
no
We
of which
its
we
suspicion.
Yet
we have
which
occurred obelized
as an 'unsuspected corruption,'
tated,
and
work of
infects
text
it
seems to
restore,
is
'
As
the inquiry
its
we
of the dust
litera-
dusty' in
ture
it
from which we
draw our
illustrations,
we
will preface
As both
are derived
The
Still Lion.
51
friend,
Mr. Eerkins-Ireland, we
tells
literal truth.
He
us that a literary
bore of his acquaintance came to him one day with a pocketedition of Shakespeare, in which a well-known line in
King
Bel, Booke,
and Candle
me
back.'
of a critical discovery:
He
triumphantly pointed
word,
curse.
'.
Course,' said
he
decisively,
'
must be a misprint
for curse.'
felicity
his proofs
17
Be True
(an ominous
Pope can do
is
to curse
him out
Italie,
Then
when Mr.
Perkins-Ireland
stopped him, and pointed out that one thing was yet unproved,
that curse
was ever
spelt
course.
course
was
curse under an
archaic
he thought
52
of an inferior kind,
to
that
he claimed: he would be no
text.
virtually
done
for
him
for
in Leland,
and scourge
;
spelt scurge in
Chapman
sense.
so he frankly
owned
duration.
King John
printed thus:
me
back;'
and so
it
at this
new
on a word which
was not
in Shakespeare's text
It is as
dangerous to
it
criticize
is
to
do so
without verifying
case.
it.
critic in this
ii.
He was
reading
Nothing,
(another
ominous
'
title !),
the passage,
legs, falls into the cinque-
bad
his grave.'
The
made by
Thomas
53
Perkins,
of Folio
it
thought
'
eminently ingenious.
But,'
?
said he
it
to
himself,
What
is
Surely
must be some
one of
cousin
sort of disease
in fact,
my
Thomas
down
Thereupon he took
his
tion of
It is
not to be
capital
wondered
at that
he believed himself
all that, his
have
hit
upon a
emendation.
But for
said,
is
as a Scotch
jig,
measure, and a cinque-pace,' began to be ashamed of his precipitation, if not of his ingenuity.
The
fact
is,
that emendation
is
the Lion
is
He
it is safe
We
1.
will
now proceed
to consider in detail a
dozen selected
remarkable that
it is
difficult
passages
:
in
on
54
The
Still Lion.
is
No
one, attentively
intended by
be found for
it.
provided the
critic
under his
nose,'
which
is,
in so
many
to
Here
is
point.
Romeo
to her nuptial
Leape
and unseene.
Romeo and
Juliet,
iii.
2.
So the
folio 1623,
editions, the
two
earlier
till
we
find that
no
many
editions
As
we do not intend
to furnish a
will
list
do so in
merely to show
critics
it
would
fain
happens
to
platitude.
The
Still Lion.
55
First,
however,
we must premise
that there
stantive as
runaway, and
that, in the
its
was
for the
whole gamut of
Churchman
appended
to the Liturgy.
But when
it
is
Jehovah
the persons
are
who
who
bound
to support.
Arthur Golding
who have
Cassar's.
deserted
the
The more
general
word
is,
runs
away
to
obtained.
In
this
sense
Shakespeare
Juliet.
may
who haunt
be
run-awayes
'
may
an
stand either
sense can
if satisfactory is
be made of
Mr. N.
J.
surely
emendation
impertinence.
among
the
The
Bridal Runaway,'
has
made
Runaway
But
if
that
the former,
56
The
Still Lion.
which, as
justification.
Our
own impression
plural
that Shakespeare
is
possessive
runaway?
eyes.
He
have just as well employed runagates' : but not for the verse ;
and wink.
runaway?
word
defensible, but
easily
shown
to be the appropriate
Juliet says,
What
eyes'?
To
Shakespeare might
as
some of
his
contemporaries did
same
is
dependent
upon the
Shakespeare
might
eyes,
also,
meaning the
stars are
made
is
in fact
so,
he
for the
The
Still Lion.
57
serves to
make her
brighter.
To
answer
this
we
Leape
and unseene,
is
:
from which
it
the
and
would be an
insult to
common
Romeo's
brought
templated by Shakespeare.
We
by runaways
in
those who, but for the darkness, might spy out the approach
of the lover, and betray the secret to parties interested in the
frustration of his design.*
There
is
:
this
explanation
it
Does
make one
way of
is
to classify
birth.
them
Mr. F.
J.
Academy (March
Cotgrave, 161
1,
21, 1874).
&c, from
he concludes,
men who'd
lasted.'
5S
The
Still Lion.
(r)
It is
is
name
starlight.
Hence we
:
Luna's, Mitford
Cynthia' s,Wa\ker
(
Bullock
wandering
6,
wandering
1870).
eyes
being the
planets.
Athenceum, August
(2)
It is
is
noonday's,
(3)
It is
Anon.
is
th'
Runaway's
Rumours,
Heath
(4)
It is
Renomy's
(i.
e.,
Renommee), Mason.
first
syllable of run-awayes
is
mentioned.
aweary, Mcllwaine
(5)
It is
sunny
day's,
of run-awayes.
This gives us
:
five
run-abouts',
runaway
spies,
H. K.
for
Unawares, Jackson
(7)
*
unwary, Taylor
Anon.
class to
On
The
Still Lion.
59
do not
fall in
the other
:
six.
We
:
mourers', Singer
enemies, Collier
Dyce
yonder,
Leo
ribalds
Veronese (Nation,
May,
on which miscellaneous
baneful,
repast, of
we may
well ask
all.
We
i.
idiotism
himself,
employed by Shakespeare
e.,
sense
peculiar
is
to
as an idiasm.
The
following example
most
instructive.
We
quote from
As You
the
Like
Lt,
iii.
5 (Folio 1623).
common
executioner
Whose
But
begs pardon
that dies
will
lives
you sterner be
Then he
and
by bloody drops ?
The Cambridge
the phrase dies
and
lives.
The
simple fact
is,
542) for
its
use,
which seem
by
all
and commentators.
Mr. Halliwell, in
to recognize the
precisely in point.
for to live
and
;
live
and
a
fairly established
to die
and
live by
Mr. Arrowsmith
6o
The
Still Lion.
tells
us that
to die
and
live
means
'
the grave.'
initiated
into
Arrowsmith's examples
The
are,
how
willingly the
women
of
So that we are
Spartan
their
women
'
Hitherto, then,
no example
phrase
its
been discovered.
But even
if
the
to die
and
is
live by
signification
to
on one's
life
face.
It
means
of course,
and
death.
The
profession or calling of a
i. e.,
man
is
and lives,
by which he
lives,
and
failing
which he dies.*
is
In the face
a sheer impertinence. a
Not infrequently we
meet
with
word or phrase
in
may perhaps
in point.
still
Here
are
two examples
In
Hen. IV.,
we
find
Tongue of Warre ?
Inke to Blood,
to Graves, your
Your Pennes
to Launces,
To
*
Folio 1623.
We
owe
remark
The
Still Lion.
61
glaives,
and Steevens,
But what
and
it
is
can
justify
point of
war
What can
Mr.
Collier's
gloss,
is
a bruit of
war 1 Ignorance
;
hardly credible
as
war
still
common
in technical use.
now means
same
sense.
ruffle-beat
in the
In occurs frequently in
ii.
(e. g.,
4; Woodstock, 1826,
247),
i.
21
it
&
142
where
of very
it
common
in Ivry.
Then on
the ground, while trumpets sound their loudest point of war, &c.
i.
603.)
is
from Coriolanus,
v. 5,
where Aufidius
Fame
Which he
did end
all his
To do my
There
is
selfe this
wrong:
and
entirely
The
62
The
Still Lion.
end!
that
Why,
in
the
name
of
common
sense?
Aufidius says,
he helped Coriolanus
'
he endured
with him
ended
this
it,
the burden
and made
it all
own.*
Certainly no difficulty in
We may
still
Worcestershire and Herefordshire employ that verb in a technical sense in speaking of their crops.
These points were very justly taken by the Rev. W. R. Arrowsmith in a sensible, but exceedingly scurrilous and ill-written
pamphlet
entitled,
his
(The
title
the
names
At
p. 9,
and
'
We
:
are almost
ashamed of
insisting
on anything so obvious
in
a crowd of poisonous
come
is
to
its
aid
and the
In
this
that duty.
case no less than five substitutes have been proposed for end
*
Dr. Alexander Schmidt explains the passage thus
'
helped to
is]
Perhaps [end
1
work.
'
(Shakespeare -lexicon,
874.)
It
is so.
But to reap
is
is
not to gather.
is
Ending a
crop
is
gathering
well-ended crop
end.'
one that
made a good
The
Still Lion.
63
or for did end, and three of these have been admitted into the
text
!
Of
these, the
is
ear for end, which was proposed by Mr. Collier, and, with the
transposition of reap
and
till
:
ear,
Singer.
To
ear
is
to plough, or
makes
Aufidius say he
had
which Coriolanus
had
ear
'
tilled for
holpe
but this
is
just the
reversal of
toil
So the
late
and
reap.
for
;
Fame,
as
the crop
we ear not
the crop,
but waspish
critic
(as
he designated Mr. W.
transposition
:
J.
What
a satire on
conjectural criticism
4.
But what
shall
entirely altered
it
never
mean
at present
Yet
2.
this
has hapTroilus
Cressida, v.
When
finds that Cressid has forsaken him for Diomed, he bursts into
is
in
Shakespeare's
manner.
He
cries,
64
The
Still Lion.
This
is,
and
is
not Cressid:
Within
my
Of
a thing inseparate
And
Admits no Orifex
point as subtle
to enter:
(Fo. 1623)
'
but I
am
not to say,
it it
is
it is
now
firmament and
Winter's Tale,
iii.
you cannot
;
thrust a bodkin's
The
that
is,
To
between
that can
is
and
Cressid's.
be
as to the
name
Ariachne.
That
is
the
1623.
The
This variation
is
view, that the poet confounded the two names, Arachne and
web of
e.,
when
it
was
woven
made, and
to pieces.
If Shakespeare did
fables,
it
was no more
Day's comedy of
1607):
Humour
65
And you
weeds
in robes,
Or Cytharaes aery-moving
Accordingly,
vestment.
we may
see, if
we
it
like,
after all
and we know
that poets
and dramatists
names.
The
to see
is
point
that
is
of
no moment.
What
it is
of
moment
for us
same name
than was
spider's
ever produced by
human hand,
viz.,
the
woof of the
web
web,
* Milton made as great a mistake when he attributed to the eglantine In The Flower of Friendshifpe, Glomond Tylney, 1568 [8vo], we have, 'All the whole arbour above over our heades, &c, was * * * wreathed above with the sweete bryer or eglantine,'
&c.
Gr
66
The
Still Lion.
and an
For
what
orifice
woof
it
And
Mr.
this
been wrecked by
two transpositions.
The
honour
late
Thomas
Keightley,
a gentlemen held in
for his unfortu-
(2nd
S.
ix.
of Shakespeare's works.
woof
Admits no
that he
know
the
amend
The
great
out,
gain,
in his view,
'
while the
spacious breadth
So he read,
And
As
Admits no
Unfortunately, this
is
rank nonsense.
How
can a
?
'
spacious
course,
breadth
it is
'
be as
Of
easy to see that the whole farrago sprung from the one
The
Still Lion.
6y
wretched blunder of taking a woof (which ever did and does mean a thwart or cross-thread) to mean a web.
Again,
still
we
feel
on the loom
thread which
is
and the
single
carried through
shuttle
in a texture are
observed by
all
One
Shakespeare's day,
'
may be
it,
and
learne to dress
[distaff] with
spindle,
and drawe
*
own
fingers.
And
Demetrias
selfe
in her hands,
and her
winde
winde
and
to
others,
For should
him a
the
slaye.'
Richard
Instruction of a Christian
Woman, Book
i.
chap. 3, and
Book
ii.
chap.
4.
cf.
Tempest,
iii.
2.
'
am
in case
'
68
The
Still Lion.
5.
and
in
some passages
in his
The most
that of
'
subject,' which, in
difficulty
Where
the relative
is
suppressed
before an auxiliary verb, the sense has always been too obvious
to be overlooked
:
its
suppression before
prevails in verse,
the practice
still
in epistolary prose.
In The Tempest,
v. 1,
Prospero says
To an unsettled fancie, Cure thy braines (Now uselesse) boile within thy skull there
:
stand
Spell-stopt.
(Folio 1623)
'
Now
is
in the
first
place, as
them
it
in
an
Persons who
this
and
similar
fatality.
Making
spelling
solemn
air,
To an unsettled fancy, cure the brains (Now useless) boil within the skull: &c.
To modern
awkward
accordingly
The
Still Lion.
69
boil'd.
say, that a
are boiling,
when he
last
is
mad
or doting.
Hoffman, in the
manages
crowned
Ay
so
boil
'Boiled brains'
is
is
humorous
to the
men whom
humour
Rev.
made
his
frantic
whose brains
little
The
all
editors,
having as
sense of
have
adopted
abominable
gloss.
The
this
Wm.
:
:.
(Now
&c.
it is
us,
and
still
seems, as imbecile as
on
above
is
Let a solemn
air
which
is
fancy
cure
'An
'
now
skull.'
thought
(as in
settled
'
being Shake;
speare's ordinary
word
for expressing
soundness of mind
and
The
Still Lion.
JO
we
call
With
following
this
He
loved
me
well * delivered
it
to me.
Two
I have a mind * presages
Gentlemen of Verona,
iv.
4.
me
such thrift.
Merchant of
But
let
Venice,
i.
1.
To make
seems hid,
v.
1.
And
Richard II,
ii.
2.
What wreck
discern
you in
i.
me
7.
Why am
By any
The
bound
make
pursuit?
i.
2.
Of
all
commands
bound,
his love.
Volpone,
i.
1.
am
Upon
p. 15.
let
Of
him,
And
i.
1.
The
Still Lion.
J\
now
Of
iv.
I.
The
asterisk in
is
relative
(be
it
which or who)
6.
difficulty,
owing to the
some
in a
which every
:
moment.
For example
in Hamlet,
2,
and
iii.
2,
we have
The
jests of
the clown; (2) exaggerated or inadequate acting; (3) the unseasonable jests of the clown.
As
in
the
first
and
third
it is
who
are pro-
voked to laughter:
unskilfull'
who, seeing
Hamlet
'speake
shall
no more then
is
set
downe
sonable mirth.
'
Now
2),
Hamlet
says,
make
a the
jectured
'
scene.
We
tickle o'
the sere.'
you
Here
;
is
one example of
set
tickle in this
tickle
sense
lie give
my word
have
;
a pin as
rest, till it
ii.
be
in
2.
72
The
Still Lion.
George Steevens
ii.
offers
an
illustrative
i,
in case
it
We
I
accordingly
it
runs thus
to minister occasion to
it
these Gentlemen,
who
So that
'
be of the
same meaning
easily
it,
made
the
to explode in laughter.
failed to see
Comen
Secretary
(bl.
1.,
the Unstableness of
Harlottes.
n. d.)
And
Thynk ye her
Discovering the moods and humors of the vulgar sort (according to the
tickle
of the
seare.
Howard's Defensative
31.
1 620, fo.
But Douce's eyes were held, and he could not see what was under
his nose.
And when we
their
think of
it,
this blindness of
Steevens,
Douce, and
followers, to
Here we have
and
'
'
loose
and
two
and
in the
to
The
Still Lion.
73
the logic
that
'
must
mean,
easily
provoked
Yet we
is
an allusion
whom
operation
poor
jesting, the
was well
that, at
62),
and
at
Cambridge
editors
Theorike
'
and
Practike of
33 [35]:
:'
drawing down
after
the
thumb and
'
three fingers
scear, is
hammer on
and
is
A gun
which
loose,
on the
sere,
was said to be
Steevens
'
(say the
Cambridge
is just
'
explains
is
it
as
signifying
"those
real
who
uneasy.
The
meaning
the reverse."
whom
unpleasant, or even painful; and he expressly records that the baser sort,
to be moved to laughter by the clown, might be those who have and nimble lungs.' There is no opposition. An asthmatical person, to whom laughter may be painful, may also be one of those to whom laugher is too easy, and who 'always use to laugh at nothing.' Indeed, it would only be such an one, who would incur the consequences
who were
'sensible
of an asthmatical cachinnation.
74
The
Still Lion.
lightest
v. i,
Armado
says to Holo-
femes,
I
do beseech
thee,
thy head.
it,
and they
to
therefore
proposed
emendations.
The
latter
i.
<?.,
wished
insert
not
courtesy,'
:
to
as
we should now
do not
and
in
(Few
Notes,
56) adopted
Malone's conjecture.
who
News
a complete defense of
which
p. 83.
will
now be found
fail
i.
acknowledge
this service
and assign
to
Mr. Staunton the credit of the restoration, but wrote contemptuously of the notes, of which this was one, evidently not
all
i.
(See Dyce's
Vol.
and
'
p.
remember
think,
arose,
we
as follows
the
courtesy was the temporary removal of the hat from the head,
If
any
The
Still Lion.
75
one from
for
ill-breeding or
and
this
was expressed
by the euphemism,
plied,
'
'
Remember
Here
Windsor,
I will
Anne Page
is,
at a
Farm-house
?
(
Fo. 1623.)
'
Cried game
'
has
been superseded
in
several
modern
Various
editions
by
'
be superseded
'
the words
Cried game,'
now
to be hunted out.
game?'
be either Is
allusion
is
it
cried
game? or Cried
I game? we
'
apprehend the
or,
we
He
first
When
he had found
the pursuers
;
he
cried
Soho
courser's law.'
'
Cried I game'
mean
but
Did
Anne
Page.
he might urge
his love-suit.
y6
The
Still Lion.
Again; there
i,
is
a famous crux in
The Winter's
Tale,
ii.
Antigonus,
prove
my
Stables where
lodge
my
Wife,
I feele,
lie
Then when
and see
no farther
'
'
trust her.
(Fo. 1623.)
the conjunction
we
now
read
write 'than';
*'.
<?.,
Hanmer
foolishly
my
stable-stand, for
'my
stables';
Rann, my
stable; Collier,
me
stable
is
(where
stable,
editors,
an adjective), and
Cambridge
of
editors, with
uncommon temerity, offer us the alternative and my stablers; both of which we repudiate.
adhering to the old
pretation,
text,
my
it
stabler,
Mr. Staunton,
attempted to
fix
upon
an
inter-
which
is
and
offensive.
He
seemed to think
that there
and Semiramis.*
passage as
The
some of these
are, to
is
a lame excuse for Mr. Staunton, that an image of the same degree
is
of grossness
(Othello,
. .
i.
I.)
Zounds,
&c.
sir,
'
77
v. n.):
illustrated
He
keeps a
is
said,
'
It's
my
him;'
i.
e.,
is
his keeper.
em-
ployed by
2).
Our Roomes of
like
:
State
i.
e.,
kept
in
a perpetual
litter,
and therefore
ill-kept;
and
is
'
all
this is
the
keep
in his interpretation.
The
We
so delicate an inquiry
for
but as
we
good and
all,
we
will
on such matters,
God
till
have issue
amy
This
i.
e.,
children.
Now,
in
Nothing,
iii.
4,
we read
if
stables
: :
78
The
Still Lion.
Of course
stables,
there
is
is
a like pun on
which
like barns
When we know
But a
himself,
that stables
cant meaning.
wife,
by
by the
picious
;
wife,
if
if
he be
sus-
by a third party,
be absent, unsuspicious, or
Winter's Tale
is
The passage
:
in
The
for
you never
besides
why ? She can runne through all with her locke upon your horse, and so can you may hang
a.
wife. *
iv.
sc. 2.
A
when when
young
stripling
is
his master
'tis full.
a mile
off,
when
'tis
Green's James
1867,
p. 233.)
it,
stable,
would be
Silvio,
strictly correct
This, however,
was
literally
of Venice.
The
con-
See Ariosto's Seven trivance he employed used to be preserved in St. Mark's Palace. similar fetter used to be shewn at the Palais de Planets Governifig Italie, i6u, p. 61.
Luxembourg,
Paris.
We
to his friend Hall (1764), reporting the progress of a love-suit with a Parisian lady: at length I was within an ace of setting up my Iwbby in her stable for good and all,
till
i. e.,
purpose
Iter stable
clerical
debauchee
effected his
79
same sense
as the singular.
7.
Some
still
are,
grammatical and
which
is
they readily
fall
In
As You
Like
It,
iii.
5,
we
read,
Who
That you
insult, exult,
and
all at
once,
rail for
'
all.'
Earlier in the
(i.
1),
Thou
Compare
also Lear,
ii.
rail'd
And
Yet the text
is
most certainly
There
is
hardly a com-
Compare Henry
Nor As
V.,
i.
1,
So soon did
in this King.
The
reader
who
p. 65.
So
The
Still Lion.
one
of which
is
feat of dulness is
still,
among
swarm of
critics
of the speaker.
The two
In
many
same
Lt,
play,
2,
may
serve as
plies
samples of the
Celia with
As You Like
iii.
Rosalind
:
and having
caparisoned
reminded her
like a
is
One
is
a South-sea of discoverie.
:
pre'thee
tell
me who
Is
quickly,
he of God's making
is
What manner
man ?
Is his
head worth a
hat? or
his chin
worth a beard?
(Fo. 1623.)
The
unfortunate
been missed.
falling as thick
Celia.
See
how many
things she
is
called
upon
to discover;
in-
question.
How
plain
it
is
cast her
a vast
of
the
discovery.
The more
who
The
SHU
Lion.
81
man
is,
Why ?
South
Because Rosalind
up the delay
(increases
it,
in fact) with
fresh interrogatories,
lost in a
Sea of questions.
There
is
surely
some
fatality
it,
about
we observe
For instance,
in
ii.
6,
Jaques says
hit,
Doth very foolishly, although he smart Seeme senselesse of the bob. If not, The Wise-man's folly is anathomiz'd Even by the squandering glances of the
foole.
(Fo. 1623.)
Not
to
seem senseless
'
for
'
Seeme
senselesse.'
In
this lead
.he
Had
man?
wise
Why
he puts the
man
ness of having to do so
feel foolish
it,
enough
entails
'
or, to
which
which makes
i.
<?.,
him
feel still
'
more
foolish.
)
'
alternative,
If not
'
If he do not
fplly is
82
So the
both ways.
'
There
is
passage in a paper of
published in
Field's
vol.
i.
De
Quincey's called
Literary Novitiate/
edition),
passage.
At page 25 we
'Awkwardness
at the least
that, affectation
and
or admiration.
How
plain, then,
is
we
are
considering.
Jaques
may have a
In Othello,
i.
fool's privilege
3,
is
may
What
cannot be preserved
when
fortune takes,
The robb'd
from the
grief.
thief;
He
Seeme
is
If not,
too short,
we think
it.
it
formed part of
he do
thesis;
9.
Be
may,
'
If not
'
must mean
'
If
not.'
A
if it
strictly
even
The
Still Lion.
83
advantage
so
it.
We
:
will
now proceed
to consider
a sea of wax,'
troubles.'
i.
The
1,
addresses the
You
I
have in
Whom
this
no
levell'd malice
one
comma
But
flies
an eagle's
Leaving no
tract behind.
In this passage,
'
my
free drift
'
and
'
'
are
is
particularity.
The
are
visitors
who throng
the presence-chamber of
to a sea, or
Lord Timon
sea,
arm of the
when
the tide
rising,
Timon
is
said to
be em-
'
no
levell'd malice
It
one comma,'
i.
e.,
What
knows
the
meaning of
'
'
Every one
wax means,
84
The
Still Lion.
writers
employ
it
a thing,
with them,
may wax
used
it
To
was
wax was
and
its
is
But more
strictly it
still
wane.
If anything changes
this restricted sense
to
condition,
either
waxes or wanes. In
wax
of the sea.
Who
I.
His pupil-age
Man-enter'd thus, he waxed like a
sea.
Coriolanus,
ii.
I.
The
'
a wide
sea of wax.'
to the
Hanmer and
as an allusion
Roman and
have
'
man
in wax, almost
much
so as
if
was confirmed
in this
it,
this,
Mr. Collier's
verse.
of the certain
in
the
substantive,
sense.
Shakespeare in an
allied
Chief Justice.
Falstaff.
What
you are
wassail candle,
my
lord
all
tallow
if I
i.
my
truth.
Henry IV.,
The
Still Lion.
85
It is all
is
a quibble or pun
it is
so
make
the pun.
It
is,
be used in
man
of wax,'
which occurs
in
i.
3.*
In Hamlet,
iii.
i,
we read
'tis
Whether
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by
life.
If 'a sea
in
of troubles
'
(somewhat as
* I formerly accepted Mr. Brae's view, that in Ben Jonson's posthumous fragment The Fall of Mortimer, the word waxe had the sense of personal aggrandisement but I am now convinced that Mr. Dyce was quite right in
:
referring the
word
,
in question to the
waxen
is
patent of nobility.
his
Evidently Mortimer
'
rank
viz.
his
crownet,' his
last is
'
robes,'
in his hand.
This
has privately retracted his interpretation, refers me to Nobilitas Politica by Robert Glover, Somerset Herald: edited in 1608 by his nephew Thomas Milles. He tells us that an Earl 'bore a patent with the
who
vel Civilis,
Great Seal pendent by Cord and Tassel.' Mr. Brae seems to have been misled by the two lines which follow crownet, robes, and waxe,' in Jonson's play, in which he saw a possible allusion to the poet's speech in Timon.
'
There
is
a fate that
Home
But the metaphor
to the
is
86
The
Still Lion.
the passage
we have
just considered
'
'
to take
arms
wound
mouth of
as usual, in a
which
Samuel
Bailey.
'
By
sea.'
of assay for
pertinent to
im-
name
its
It is
but
it
thus emended,
in Shakespeare's best
place
let
&c,
it
is
is
as
and
is
found in
all
languages: and
ad-
come
'
and
their
power
to overis
whelm.
needed.
Moreover
it
many
critics,
as
Johnson, Malone,Warburton
De
integrity in this
metaphor
is
stands.
p.
Caldecott (Specimen of
65) puts
it
New
it
thus:
'
He
of
uses
and the
integrity of his
metaphor
is
that
which by him
is
The
Still Lion.
87
all
of.'
which bears
it
out.
The
fact
is,
that Shakespeare
i.
employs sea
'sea of wax';
Timon of Athens,
1,
1,
and
iii.
iv. 2,
'sea of joys':
Henry
1
VIII.,
VI.,
2,
'sea of glory';
and
ii.
4, 'sea
st.
of conscience':
Henry
iv.
7,
and the
is
instance in question.
its trial,
which
on
sufficiently preserved.
2,
our bark,
And
part
remarks
'I,
for one,
in italics,
nor correct
it.'
were written
meaning.
that into
at
illustrate their
'
Part,'
of course,
is
sea of air
'
is
which the
length take
Compare with
Now
As on a stage, where they their strengths must try, Whence from the width of many u gaping wound There's many a soul into the air must fly.
* The converse
is
so in Green's Groatsworth of
Wit:
'
but I
am
yours
till
death us depart.'
88
The
Still Lion.
As
to Shakespeare's
metaphor
it
in the passage
under con-
c. ix. st.
otherwise em-
many
Book
I. c. xii. st.
14:
Book
III. c. iv.
&c),
It is also
In
Sir
to
Richard
Wysedom,
Book
IV.,
we have
Andrew KingsmylPs
Are
Comforts in Afflictions
in
6)
we have
both cases
is
we, then, to believe that Shakespeare departed from this conscientious custom in
sea
is
not an im-
We
the one
viz.,
on
to Shakespeare's
Now
it
is
a way out of
dilemma
notice of the
One
When Hamlet
talked of
it,
or,
as he afterwards describes
*
coil
:
a case : a frame : a machine : a vesture : a heft : a motion or puppet has been contended that in Hamlet's speech, the 'mortal
i.
&c.
coil' is
the coil,
e.
but the
mortal coil
'
of
flesh.'
(Bonduca,
iv.
1.)
The
Still Lion.
89
conscience, in fact,
against his
off,
own life
viz.,
and
shuffling
much
not the
be an incongruity
the sea,
is
bare bodkin
the
'
immortal
part,
which
(as
Raleigh has
incongruity
late
it) is
no stab can
kill
The
not to
'The objection
[
is
p. 39.)
Why
In
we have
Ritson's
in view
is
to
be found
in various
Memoirs of
is
passage, which
'
Of
to
all
men
dangers.
fly,
go
The
Still Lion.
caught by the
sea
:
fire.
Many,
also,
who
spears, in like
manner
as
if
they were
wound
them.'
The same
Ethics,
iii.
tradition
i oi
is
referred to
by Aristotle
in his
Eudemian
olov
'6ir\a
airavT&ai \af36vrsg.
7.
We
'
might be
fairly
paraphrased
thus:
To
exist
or to cease to exist
me
to decide.
Whether
it
is
Doubtless
it is
and
is it
prudent?
we should
find ourselves
overwhelmed by
evils of
for aught
we know, may be
have escaped.
us
all.'
we
should
of
we
elect
The
Still Lion.
91
and refuse
allure us
all
of authenticity.
While on
this
The undiscovered
No
is
traveller returns
known
to every
In the
fifth
discourse of the
p. 126),
Bernardo, one of
'
That which
I will tell
in
you
is
by ^Elianus
his
iii.
book
18.]
De
varia Historia.
*
[It
is
in
in
This Sylenus
dis-
Land
or world in which
wee
that
live
it is
there
infinite
and
are,
the
men which
we
and
There were
Meropes,
who
of
inhabited
many and
bounds
Anostum,
which word
this
no returne
neither yet
is
light,
same
92
The
Still Lion.
&c*
It is
is
not
this
mentioned
Shakespeare
may have
read
Anostum.
10.
Some
Here
is
one
itself
of peculiar construction.
In
Hamlet, i.
4,
should
assume some other horrible form,
deprive your sovereignty of reason,
into madness.
Which might
The verb
to deprive is at
corresponds to our
Thus
'Tis
in Lucrece,
st.
clxx.
life.
And
again in
That
life
depriv'd.
e.,
to
pronoun
from ^Elian we are indebted to our friend the passage in Hamlet would omit the end,' understanding by that verb die.
illustrations
:
who from
The
Still Lion.
93
we should more
sovereignty:* in
and
'of.'
text,
Thomas
He
calls Virginia
'one of the
in-
kingdoms
in the world,
which being
habited by the king's subjects, will put such a bit into our
ancient enemy's
11.
mouth
Occasionally
it
critic
on a
to
none.
The
best example
which we can
Nothing,
iv. 1.
call to
mind
is
a passage in
Do
not
live,
Thought
thy
spirits
This
rereward.
is
The
military
critics.
* It is purely an accident that the object of 'deprive' is expressed by two substantives connected by of suggesting to the modern reader the construction here given. A learned friend suggests that in some possible poem, entitled (say) The Battle of the High and the Low,' the following might
'
occur
To make an
Who
And
94
The
Still Lioti.
is
between Hero's
spirits
lies
insensible
to the sus-
Then
says Leonato,
if
owing
fail
power of her
spirits,
her reproaches
to kill her, I
come, as a reserve,
in their rear,
and
I will slay
her myself.'
'
integrity of the
rear-
vayward, or vanguard)
this
abso-
lutely required,
Mr. A. E. Brae,
for as
it
stands, the very deficiency of the reproaches (which are enough to prostrate, but not to kill her)
is
make him
abated,
to
if
their
power were
recruited,
tion.
do a work of supereroga-
But
and her
If,
reproaches,
make
matters worse.
The
objection to
and
recluse
(Donne), are
occasionally used as
is,
trochees.
The
real objection to
reward
reword
itself
is,
that
it
inconsistent with
it
and
violates the
metaphor, or else
The
Still Lion.
95
Mr. Brae's
the reader
who understands
which
critic.
it
involves,
We
'
woe being
Oh
!
do
not,
when my
Come
To
do not leave
me
last,
When
We
will
give
various.
The primary
notion
is
that of
may be
a stain
may
thus
somewhat more
due (verb),
infect,
i.
e.,
and again,
infection,
and
finally compromise.
substantive stain
may
'
Venus
st. 1,
view, in
in
Antony and
g6
The
Still Lion.
Cleopatra,
iii.
4.
Antony complains
Pompey
triumvirs,
he
a strong motive
making overtures of
friendship.
He
says,
The mean
I'll
time, lady,
war
stain
'
as a mis-
print.
Theobald reads strain; Bos well proposed and Mr. A. Dyce adopted, the
stay,
which
Mr.
J. P. Collier
latter
compli-
remedy (Dyce's
vii, p.
612).'
Rann
has
we
we hold
it
to
be quite
inferior to the
stain, in
word of the
the sense
folio.
we
Antony's
mind
The
Still Lion.
97
As
it
seems to
us,
we
are losers
posed
substitutes.
most
part,
weak
generalities, and,
range of meaning,
is
preserved
from
vagueness
by
its
Some
difficulties
so
many,
in fact, that
Two
iii.
salient
1,
examples
and Cymbeline,
The former
runs thus:
but to
lie in
die,
To
This sensible
A
To
kneaded clod;
bath in
fierie floods,
round about
The pendant world: or to be worse then worst Of those, that lawlesse and incertaine thought,
Imagine howling,
'tis
too horrible.
(Folio 1623.)
The opening
J.
upon a student to
absurd
:
is
and
here
lie
pronounced a paraphrase
is
to
be impossible.
Now
a paraphrase
a passage
is,
the
more
useful
is
the paraphrase.
To
us
'
g8
The
Still Lion.
it
is
in the highest
for
far
it
is
the only
means
Not
that a
to
do that
but
it
and surely
'
half a loaf
is
better than
no
bread.'
We
do not 'halt
particularly' to
we would
Region
and
'
thought.'
:
Dyce's
'
first
upon the
is
former word
The
folio
on account of "floods"
line.'
preceding
and "winds"
in
the following
And
he
reads, after all the editors, save those of Oxford and Cambridge,
'
thoughts!
That note,
if it
\_s~\
mean
anything,
means
and
that Shake-
in the concrete,
in the
modern
imagine.'
On
the
contrary
we contend
;
that
'
Region
it
'
is
and that
means
is
The
it
:
adjective 'incer-
So Carlyle appears
'
to have understood
iii.
and
p.
apropos of
Dante's
He
is
at
V Inferno,
Canto xxxiv.
The
Still Lion.
99
tain' is
employed
to flawed or crazed
i.
e.
g, in
Midsummer
Night's Dream,
1,
Demetrius
says,
Relent, sweet
yield
Thy
crazed
title to
my
certain right;
and again
in
ii.
2,
civil at
her song,
their spheres, &c.
And
madly from
In fact, certain and incertain are synonyms for settled and unsettled,
respectively.
'
settled
senses,'
Winter's
1.)
Tale,
and
v.
and
'
unsettled fancy,'
Tempest, v.
Accordingly, as
we read
three lines
'
may be
paraphrased thus:
who
and
body
or render objective
Cymbeline,
!
their
own
lawless
distracted mind.'
v.
4, is as
follows:
For thou art a way, Most welcome bondage Yet am I better I think, to liberty.
Than one
Groan so
he had rather
in perpetuity, than
be cured
By the sure physician, Death; who is the key To unbar these locks. My conscience thou art fettered More than my shanks and wrists. You good gods give me The penitent instrument to pick that bolt, Is't enough I'm sorry ? Then free for ever
! !
So
ioo
The
Still Lion.
Gods
are
more
do
it
full
of mercy.
Must
repent
I cannot
To
satisfy,
my
freedom
'tis
No
I
stricter
render of
are
me
than
my
all.
know you
sixth,
viled men,
Who
A
On
their
abatement;
that's not
my
desire:
life
'tis
life:
you coin'd
it.
Though
light,
You
rather,
Great Powers,
life,
And
Of
Must
I repent,' fear,
down
to
'
my
all,'
Mr.
is,
we
hopelessly incurable.'
in
it
To
no corruption
Difficulty there
is,
entire passage is
one of those
in
once
his
of language.
Its terseness,
innovation.
for
negative virtues
are
really
thankful that
Mr.
Posthumus
The
Still Lion.
101
its
issue will
be death, which
will set
him
free
certainly from
bodily
spiritual
'
bondage
the
is,
So he prays
which
for
fetters his
conscience worse
than the cold gyves constrain his shanks and wrists: that
for the
efficacious for
He
Is't
viz.,
'
sorrow
;
enough
am
sorry
&c.
then
'Must
wrong done.
his spiritual
As
to this last
he
says, if the
main condition of
let
satisfy'),
his
life.
These
The
third
he expands in
all.
He
owns
He
'
Do not call me to a stricter account than the forfeiture of my all towards payment. Take my all, and give me
a receipt, not on account, but in
full
of
all
demands.
all,
" letting
them
thrive again
on
their
abatement": but
of your clemency.
it is
Take
life
my
all:
'tis
and though
a
life,
not worth so
much
as Imogen's, yet
and
102
The
Still Lion.
so
is
much
the
my
life,
which
in their
own
image, though
it is
The
bridewils of our
:
soules,
means
2,
Which keeps me
pale!
-.
cold
'
cf.
The
Two
Noble Kinsmen,
iii.
1,
where Palamon
off
says,
'
Quit
me
/.
e.,
knock
my
fetters.
illustrations
less
note or comment
are
mass of readers
in as
and take
much
critics
and
*
to these
two passages
t He
is
The
Still Lion.
103
painstaking study of the text would impose upon their conjectural fertility
it
is
so
much
it,
than to elucidate
it.
Mean-
is
requires
'
but
is
ready to
We now
upon us
for
we have done
an absolute disqualification for the serious work of verbal even more so than the insensibility of such
criticism,
men
as
The
text
is
reader
who
is
is
positive necessity.
literary
of Shakespeare's
for their sense
The
result
is,
and beauty,
Such
among many
other passages of
all
that
104
The
Still Lion.
ever flowed from the great soul of the poet, in which Pericles
calls
on Helicanus
to
wound him,
'
lest
he should be drowned
'
that rushed
upon
him *
:
till
at length
we
grief
and indignation
in the
words of Milton,
To
THOU
Hast made so
*
'
We
had
'
in
mind the
late
sweetness
go woolward and to lie in the woollen, till he came to a. better frame of When we saw his work On the Received Text of Shakespeare we thought we had seen the worst possible of Shakespeare -criticism. We found ourselves in error there, however, as soon as we saw the now late Mr. Thomas Keightley's Shakespeare Expositor. In defense of Shakespeare's expression, To drown me with their sweetness,' if, forsooth, defense were needed, or let us say for its illustration, we might cite the following from Stephen Gosson's Plays Confuted in Five Actions (n. d.), sig. B 4, 'because drunken with the sweetness of these vanities.' Here Mr. we are Bailey's method of criticism would require us to turn 'sweetness' into sweetwort, as another critic actually did by sweet world in King John ! We may add that in our selection of penances for critical offenses we have an eye to two passages in Shakespeare which are not always understood. Those penances are to wear a woollen shirt next the skin, and to sleep (naked) between the blankets. Sheets served our ancestors for the modern
to
mind.
'
'
'
refinement of a night-dress.
CHAPTER
V.
APPY
loves
indeed shall we be
if
them.
But, at the
of corruption in
many
others.
The
truth
is,
two
and gramviz.,
matical, there
the
result
it
of misprinting.
becomes expedient
be exercised.
plished
if
should
Something towards
as a
common
sagacity,
basis of operations.
fluous speculation.
which might
basis
;
assist
io6
The
Still Lion.
viz.,
it,
the supposed
crux
itself,
emending
it.
and the
In doing
parthis,
ticular matter
which
is
designed to supplant
we
for,
as
it
seems to
us,
however
carefully the
three
may
at
any time
arise singular cases which, despite the rigour of the canons, are
Still,
may have
its
In the
first
we would
insist
condemns a word
and has no other
as a corruption
fault
which
is
only a
difficulty,
awkward,
(i) *
'
in the
place where
stands.
Out of ordeal'd iron' (Z. Jackson) for Out of a great deal (Or ordeal-iron ?) I Henry IV., i. 2. iron.'
'
of old
and
'
I stay
but for
'
for
'
'
Henry
V.
iv. 2.
W.
Clark's conjecture of
iv. 4,
funem
may be
a third instance.
The
Still Lion.
107
may be
or
if
it
a
it
which case
critics.
With
An
may be may be
wholly or partially
as
and
this obscurity
him
to take-refuge in emendation.
:
unhappy
felicities
of emend-
marauders.
We
The
Chapter
iv.
works of the
late
Thomas
Keightley, and
many
in the
Athenaum*
Howard
Similarly,
unfitness or uncouthness,
to the critic's
*
may
also
be wholly or
partially
:
due
want of imagination or to
his insensibility
and
These papers, entitled Unsuspected Corruptions of Shakspearis Text, appear in the numbers for Oct. 19 & 26; Nov. 2, 16, & 23; Dec. 14 & 28,
1872: Jan. 25, March 29, April
12,
June
14,
Nov.
8,
Dec.
6,
March 14, April 4, June 27, 1874. He died on June 22; leaving behind him nothing further than the paper which appeared on June 27, in the same number of the Athenaum as that which announced his death. He was our
friend of twenty years' standing.
We
may
record that
The
Still
Lion
io8
The
Still Lion.
the latter
to both.
may
beauty, or
We may
negative formula.
I.
The mere
word or words
appearing strange, obscure, or awkward, shall not alone constitute a reason for treating the passage
occurring in
as if
it
were corrupt.
critic
much more
difficult
so of elucidating
The
next
formula
II.
is
affirmative,
and
The
upon
certain
more
or central notion involved in the suspected passage, taken together with its context, and to the phonetic
current of the words.
As
to the order in
tried,
We
are
own
experience of printers'
errata,
when we
common
The
Still Lion.
109
critic
is
A remarkable
would cancel as a
in
v.
2:
once be necessary,
Mr. F.
omit
J.
Furnivall,
is
disposed to summarily
it:
Mr. C.
it
J.
in ignorance of
such a proposal,
to
regards
he writes
me
in
these terms of
fall
an amateur
:'
is liable
to
do think that a
place
'
my
particular charm,
it
make
its
be employed in keeping
me
the
insert,
not so
much
if
as syllable word,
the latter,
line:
more
plausibly,
no
I will
The
Still Lion.
not speak;
if
sleep be necessary,
while
in
many
wandering to a subsequent
the
line.
Here
same play
(iv.
10):
order for sea
is
given
]
They have put forth the haven [ Where their appointment we may
best discover,
And
And
again
(v.
The breaking
make
A
[
And
The
hiatus, in
filled
up by Rowe,
The
That whole
same word
in a subsequent line, is
of the folio text of 1623 supplied by the earlier quartos, and of the quarto texts supplemented by the
folio.
In Troilus
and
*
Cressida,
iii.
v.
r, is
viii., p.
The
Still Lion.
in
The beauty that is bome here in the face The bearer knows not, but commends itself Not going from itself;
the quartos supplying two lines omitted after the second;
To
itself,
behold
itself,
and
in- Hamlet,
ii.
2,
I will leave
'
folio.
It is fortunate that, in
so
many
plays,
we
to
emendation
is
justified, there
remain
classes
may
be,
them out
of court.
1.
This happens
there
is
Where
word or words
to
For example
we cannot
expect that, in
As You
Like
It,
112
The
Still Lion.
accepted in lieu of
that
will
'
'
Ends
ever
Well, her
own
supplant
'
Her
it
appear likely
The Comedy of
Errors, prospice
'
funem
will ever
the prophecy.'
2.
Where
the proposed
literature
:
word
is
unknown
i
or very unusual
in the relative
for instance, in
in
chetah for
'
tame cheater';
for
Angora goats)
several
of
the
Night.
'
brother' in
it
Timon of Athens
a good word
is
to
Shakespeare
and
time.
died, the
name by which
known
in his
life-
rother,
an ox, without
of his day.*
3.
Where
the proposed
it
word owes
its fitness
to its possessing
for certain
numbers
the
Manor
in
of
Compton
</.
Com.
;
Wiltes.'
(Sir
Lawrence
times more
roothers never
I
it
always horses.
am
The
Still Lion.
113
reign of
James
or where the
word
itself is
probably of later
questions
introduction.
Very great
difficulty besets
many of these
of date.
As a
(See
vii.)
and even
use
in the following
The candidate
legitimate word,
known
to
men whose
to
abilities
them
for that
of
De
Quincey's Letters
a young
man whose
the
Commentator on Kant,
mark
for the
Opium-
He
who has
all this
his author.
* In Chapter vii. of our Complete View we did battle for the test-word proposed by Mr. A. E. Brae. We had better have let it alone. Our opponents did not destroy its credit ; but since 1861 we ourselves might have done
so.
We
are
now
The
Still Lion.
ii4
The
demands
that
one man
!
shall
Criticism
If a few really
in
intelligent
this
The
least
to stain
rivals.
Nobody
text
is
word
in the
a misprint for
or the other; as
is
the custom
whom
The
simple truth
is,
is
the fruit
other.
The number
of really
satis-
and few
are those
of speculation.
satisfaction
who have shown any remarkable sagacity in this kind The ensuing may be cited with unqualified
1.
Our Poesie
is
I. From whence 'tis nourisht. Timon of Athens, Our Poesie is a Gumme (Pope) which oozes (Johnson),
i.
&c.
2.
It is the
The want
It is the
makes him
leaue.
Ibid. iv. 3.
The want
The
Still Lion.
115
3.
it
my
i.
3.
it
by (Theobald)
Her
infuite
grace,
Subdu'd
me
Ends
Well,
v. 2.
Her
5.
infinite
meanes do ebbe.
As You
Like
It,
ii.
7.
To
Mark Antony
Julms Casar,
iii.
of amitie (Singer)
&c*
We
their variance':
and
in
iii.
2,
Antony
you
in
says,
I'll
wrestle with
my
strength of love.
Again
in 2
Henry IV.,
2,
we have
this parallel,
and embrace,
That
all their
eyes
may
home
Of our
restored love
and amity
following from
We may
also
2,
and Coriolanus
iv.
5,
your hearts
The anvil of my sword and do contest, As hotly and as nobly with thy love, As ever in ambitious strength I did
Contend against thy valour.
u6
7.
The
Still Lion.
Thy
moves me more than eloquence. Merchant of Thy plainnesse (Warburton) moves me, &c.
paleness
Venice,
iii.
2.
8.
For
King John,
iv.
4.
'Tis
enough
That
(Britaine) I
have
kill'd
He
give no
I
wound
to thee.
I.
....
*
have
kill'd
He
by an expression
in
The Winter's
behind
What
where he reads lady-she.
(Shakespearean Grammar, 1870, pp. 149, note, and 174: i.e., 225 and 255); while his gloss, explaining a. lady-she to be 'a well-born woman' (as if
were something more than a lady) seems to us to verge on the ridiculous. is chief lady, a lady who is mistress of all ladyhood. In our opinion, 'behind what lady she her lord,' means 'less
that
On
cf. e.
g.,
The King he
To
his protection.
Cymbeline,
I.
the chain
saw
not.
Comedy 0/ Errors,
Ps.
xxiii, 4.
v.
I.
men's
1635.
But though the passage in The Winter's Tale affords no corroboration of Mr. Staunton's emendation in Cymbeline, the following from Ford's Lady's
Trial,
i.
2,
does support
it
to accost
The
Still Lion.
117
10.
for his
Nose was
as sharpe as a Pen,
fields.
ii.
Henry
and a Babied (Theobald) of greene
11.
V.,
3.
fields.
had a wombe
a Million.
And And
12.
Antony and
Cleopatra,
i.
2.
Oh
When When
our quicke windes lye
then
we
still.-
Ibid.
13.
no more,
And throw
betweene them
Where's Antony?
Antony and
Cleopatra,
iii.
5.
Then
For
There was no winter
in't.
his Bounty,
it
An Anthony
was,
Cleopatra, v. 2.
Antony and
have retyr'd
I have retyr'd
me me
to
to
a.
wastefull cocke.
Timon of Athens,
ii.
2.
As
may be added
in justification
fitness or
of so valuable a correction.
We
but
we
insist
misprint.
We
must
In the
ft
and k are
in contiguous
'
boxes,' so that an
ft
ft
k|; whence
it
The
Still Lion.
set
up
waflefull.
Not improbably,
the
cock
to
mind of
the the
workman
cock.
As an
we may
cite these
bosh,'
Was
done
p. 10.
Of
course,
by each of these
emendations,
it
is
necessary to make
All that the
to
show the
is sufficiently
text,
which
is
of unsuccessful conjectures.
As
in the substitution of
is
'
wastefull
:
'
for wakefull, in
many
patent
'
we
malice
and
'
a.
Again (Ex. 8
and
9),
we
see that
'
Right
'
and
'
Peace
why
Of
classes
The
Still Lion.
ng
first
misprinted.*
The
first folio
quarto
Some
particular passages
similar fatality.
them,
misprint
Here
A most
we
important instance
is
given on
ii.
p.
72 ante.
:
With
the utmost
diffidence
no
this
my Hand
will rather
The multitudinous Seas incarnadine, Making the Greene one, Red. {sic in
Read, nostra fericulo,
'
fo.
1623.)
Making
their Greene,
one Red
' :
i. e.
the multituoblit-
'
total gules.'
which Mr. Staunton found in the third line, viz., that which the Greene' (apart from one ') cannot be a substantive expression was his excuse for a most violent and less satisfactory alteration. The converse misprint of their' for the, occurs in Antony and Cleopatra,
' : '
ii.
2.
Her Gentlewomen, like the Nereides, So many Mer-maides tended her i' th' eyes, And made their bends adornings. At the Helme
A
Where we
'eyes'
seeming Mer-maide
steers
read,
after
Both
The
eyes of a ship
North has
the bends are the wales, or thickest planks in the others tending the tackle and ropes of the it
: '
barge
;'
which
settles the
of the interpretation
inevitable.
What
hardy
Enobarbus, care for the curves of .the mermaid's bodies ? To us it is obvious that if the girls tended Cleopatra at the eyes, they would, Even Mr. Dyce, in his latest there, be the natural ornaments of the bends.
soldier,
meaning of
this passage.
120
The
Still Lion.
i.
In the Tempest,
i.
2, it is
may worke
to
forth was a
common
4.
phrase
exercise
Ignorance
some
of these
reception of Mr.
Thomas
White's restoration.
critic
It
has been
exercise
and
editor, that
must be a
verb, because to
it
work
exercise
would, otherwise,
to
be a pleonasm which
Shakespeare.
of argument.
and Jacobian
made
to say (2 Cor.
it.'
viii.
n),
Now
But nevertheless,
to
work an
not a pleonasm
it
means
to
perform
means, 'that
may worke all exercise on thee,' they may perform on thee all the
Unhappily
in setting
up the
dislocated, so
as
to
'
at.'
may worke
The
Still Lion.
121
Then came
on Caliban
as
if,
to
a single night,
and
other
a note thus
Urchins
may work
i.
1,
as a
'tis
gumme which
nourisht.
From whence
But
in the edition
thus misprinted,
Our Poesie
is
as a
'tis
Gowne which
uses
From whence
nourisht.
set himself
up as a
critic
on Shakespeare and
Shakespeare meant
compare poetry
In
a letter on
a worn-out robe
Unhappy passage
Lion the
line
appears with a
new
misprint,
make worke.
See
ante, p. 39.
'
122
The
Still Lion.
it
appeared
in
new
form,
Our poesy
is
as a
and
it
now remains
for
some conceited
meant
it
to a queen,
calls
asleep
on her throne
Let us
the quarto
now
and
editions
of Hamlet.
These
will serve
on
p.
in)
old text,
In the
first,
in
no quarto-reading
;
can, in this
and conjecture
In Hamlet,
iv.
7,
1605,
we
have,
so that
my
arrowes
for so loued
Arm'd,
againe,
to
my bowe
The only
variation in the
is,
words
'
loued Arm'd
'
given by the
early quartos
'
that
loved armes.
Happily the
folio
The
Still Lion.
123
a Winde.
So Ascham,
'
in
his
Toxophilus,
book
ii.
The
greatest
enemy
of Shootyng
Weak
bowes, and
If,
first
folio,
we
amend the
following passage
Hamlet:
To his good Friends, thus wide lie ope my Amies: And like the kinde Life-rend'ring Politician,
Repast them with
'
my
blood.
'
Such a crux as
'
Life-rend'ring Politician
last
;
as appetising
naturally have
fact, that
when Hamlet
was
first
was an
first
insolens verbum,
which we
now
believe
if
to
have been
used by George
Puttenham in 1589,
The
is
misprint
is
an unusual
It
most
(as
editions)
was
:
some have
difficulty
compositor
upon
in
this,
converting
it
into Politician.
to
Now
for a case
leave us at the
editions of
mercy of conjecture.
read,
Hamlet we
For use almost can change the stamp of nature, And either the devill, or throwe him out
With wonderous
potency.
124
The
Still Lion.
Unhappily
this
passage, defective
not
folio editions.
The
defect
is
(1607) that
that the
the
modern
editor
is
is
driven
to the
conclusion
defect must
This
quarto
reads
And
him out
Here
but
still
'
maister
'
is
leaves the
Not improbably
'
it
was
in-
either
'
was conceived
this lead,
be a misprint.
'
read
And
and
'
But
all
wisely retained
'And
Malone
late
'
And
either
quell the
devil
Singer
S. x.
while
the
devil'
and
F.,
426) signing
to
throw
by nature
in
possession
The Cambridge
12, the
latter in
Still Lion.
'
The
125
p.
189-190.)
Two
us deserve mention.
Our valued
conceiving that
In
this course
be a misprint
he
is
in a prior
speech of Polonius
1)
We
'Tis too
are oft to
blame
in this,
much
And
The
pious action,
devil himself.
we do
sugar o'er
Another valued
suggested,
'
friend,
Mr. C.
'
J.
Monro,
half-seriously
'
And
conceiving that
It
is
either
entertain.
which
their proposers
not easy to
discover
why
and
others,
How
!
how meagre
!
is
any
single conjecture
by no means
means
for
It is rather
an
To
call
over a
curb suggests
quell, lay,
cross,
126
The
Still Lion.
tame, &c.
fire,
many
dissyllables that
would answer
And
why not
word
are not
read,
'And over-maister
the devil'
seeing
that the
We
now
who have
settlement,
so feebly
attempted
it.
But as a preliminary to
its
we
venture
is
not
new
it
to us in this connection,
we have had
mole of
the
'
vicious
nature,'
'
and
'
defect.'
Now
Hamlet would
'
say,
:
so that an antithesis
not only
impertinent.
subdue 'habit's
devil,'
by following out
evil,
own
prescription
of gradual weaning
from
or
(if
the worst
come
to the
The key-note
assume a
is
'
Reformation,
by gradually subduing
advice,
'
evil habits
and so
it not,'
far
from Hamlet's
virtue if
it)
you have
Knight understood
a recommendation of hypocrisy,
it
the
homage paid by
Very
vice to virtue,'
is
of facilitating inward
sincere.
amendment, and
similar advice
The
Still Lion.
127
closet-companion,
viz.,
The Introduction
:
to
Wysedom: Englished
ii.
by
[Sir]
Richarde Morysine
1540, Sig.
'
flee
the crooked
and custome
and so worke,
shall
be brought to do evyll'
book
ii.
(Arber's
words
'
....
in
And
man be
as
muche
other.
stirred
*****
is
up with shamefastnes
And
hereby you
may
se that
use,
that
is
true
may
This,
be broughte to a
in
fact,
newe nature?
exactly
what
is
meant
in
Sir
Joshua
'
to
we
and
Sir
feel that
what
began in
and
Walter Scott, in
'
the Bride of
Lammermoor, chapter
vi.,
observes,
that
when a
man
adopting
in
good
earnest.'
then,
must
first
In the
quarto
we have
little
the expression,
'And win
\i. e.,
wean] yourself by
as
you may,'
128
The
Still Lion.
yourself.
Now,
will
that weaning by
affections
still,' is
little
and
little,
and
'recurring and
it
suggesting
just
recovered,
Lay and
in sense,
is
and both
afford a per-
rhythm.
Perhaps shame
it
calculated to do but
'
at best,
we
fear,
to
skin
and
Kant
[i. e.,
well says
'
People usually
set
about
this
matter
the reformation
And
yet
mankind
is
just so
much
more he
is
all
maxims
of conduct.'
We
though
it
sufficient indiit is
its
Unfortunately
in
vex
work. a passage in
this:
;
which there
is
We
refer to
that
The
Still Lion.
129
fifth
act of
Much Ado
about Nothing.
me
Whose
joy of her
overwhelm'd
like mine,
And
And
and the
late
me
of patience,
same unnecessary,
Leonato
And
when he should grone, Patch grief with proverbs, make misfortune drunke, With candle-wasters: bring him yet to me, And I of him will gather patience:
sorrow, wagge, crie hem,
But there
is
(Fo. 1623.)
The
line,
'And
'
:
of him
The
argument
is
this
if
Find
will
me
man who
has suffered
I,
my
will
calamity; and
he
speak of patience,
on
my part,
The
And
'
and
it
'
crie,'
'
wagge
'
does in so
that
it
many
hardly
The
objection to this
is,
whom
sorrows.
The
second
candle-wasters.'
130
The
Still Lion.
Here, then,
exposition
first
:
is
a passage, which
successfully,
all
we must
Of
the commentators,
'
candleis
What
it
means
hard
no such word
is
is
known
a sort of posset,
(i. e.,
familiar enough.
We
remember
that
Eden Warwick
Notes
plished editor of
and
the strange word patokie, a word he had coined expressly for the
occasion, as a possible derivative of patacco or patoikoi.
We
much
as
worse than
insolentia.
But, regarding
its
'
candle-wasters
'
meaning?
vol.
p.
it
means 'Bacchanals,
Mr. Dyce
follows
have gone
that
We
do not believe
in that sense'
word
'
drunk
in this
literal
its
to
mean
drunkards,
who spend
painfully absurd
a metaphor.
possibility
it
meant Leonato
to
deny the
easiest, as
man
in trouble.
Nanty
The
Still Lion.
131
Ewart, in Redgauntlet,
resource from the
is
such a man.
Drunkenness was
'
his
is
Here
no lack of
flask,
my
best
said
after
was meant by
it
'
wasters,'
of performance; so
he pronounced
it
impossible.
on
Revells,
all
iii.
2.
He
your head-
them
:
all.
Shakerley Marmion
I
410.
which have known you better and more inwardly than a thousand of
book-worms.
these candle-wasting
The Hospitall of Incurable Fooles : Erected in English, as near the of an ignofirst Italian modell and platforme, as the unskilfull hand Sig. H. 1600, sm. 410. rant Architect could devise.
From
these extracts
literally,
we
is
book-worm;
a noc-
turnal student;
later)
132
The
Still Lion.
to
smell of the
lamp*
con-
also a lucubration.
The
that to
candle-wasters, is
drown
one's troubles in
fitter
pendant could
So
far,
then,
all
is
clear
and indisputable.
We may now
crux
lies
And
when he should
!
grone, &c.
To
le
call faire
serieux)
talk
who
would
down
or scold
down
the
first
gush of natural
feeling,
and
Cressida,
3,
is
described
:
Now
play
me
Nestor;
hem and
And
if
any doubt
still
meant
to describe a philosophic
comedy
remove
*
it:
viz.,
Lucemam
be an
old.
Again,
Oleum perdere
is
writing, to
oil-waster.
Dryden,
and
Cressida,
and
!
in the
same breath
As
remarkable for their offensive odour, the phrase is a worse catachresis than By the way, 'drunk with candle-wasting,' is to be found in Shakespeare.
The
Still Lion.
133
now
see
me
stroke
my
Chapman's
It
(
May
Day,
ii.
1.
must be an
Hence we
Tyrwhitt's
conjecture of gagge for 'wagge' at least preserves the continuity of the thought, and the integrity of the image, as well as
Such a metaphor,
too, is
The Winters
Tale,
iv. 3.
To
that conjecture
would
at present
The
interpretation
we have
cannot,
we
and
that
may
difficulty.
said,
a bacchanial
candle-
He
To
all
which
Hem, boys
'
in 2
Henry IV.
iii.
2, is
But
to
hem
e.
g.,
Ros.
Cel.
I could
Hem
I
Ros.
shake them off my coat ; these burs are in my heart. them away. would try; if I could cry hem, and have him. As You Like It, i. 3.
134
The
Still Lion.
we
say, (i)
that
no example of
either the
phrase,
that
if
employed
been adduced;
(2)
question
is
The
counsel Leonato
rejecting,
is
and assuage
his
grief,
intended to do,
Show me
is
and
I will follow
'
your counsel,'
a
logical
and ad rem
but to reply,
or
Show me
as great a sorrow
it
wrong as
in drunken
revelry,'
and
:
Because
it
that
mending drunkenness
for grief: for
it
man man
could be produced
in that feat, he
would accede to
his
his brother's
model
only
'
patience
would be an outstanding
difficulty.
ii.
Because
has so
it
say,
'
Show me
man
who
little
make him
my
impossible task.
iii.
Because
that
it
is
no such
man
The
Still Lion.
135
in forgetting
it
in drinking-
whereas drink
is,
as
we have
seen, the
common
resource
common men
iv.
in trouble.
it
Because
intellectual
feeling.
x.),
man
with
intellect, industry,
it
and moral
As Mrs.
in
Bred
(chap,
'Every one
[who
is
He who
flies
is
is
intellectual reads
and
he who
is
industrious
to business; he
;
who
is
affecis
he who
pious, religion
?
'
none of these
the
but he
who
his whiskey
It is
thus that
common
But
this particular
drift,
crux
is,
though
it
We may
value of
modern
as
and
131).
We
bone
'
in that
Addressing
Now
the
in bone, that
(Fo. 1623.)
in
136
The
Still Lion.
the
07ie in
'
onely",' is
iraity
of
'
none.'
was
all
bed,
where the
needful minis-
safe
from bringing
In this reading we
to
his congregation,
twenty-fifth
anniversary of
delivered there
his
'
The Church of
on August
5,
the Saviour
'
at
Birmingham,
1872.
He
said, in reference to
own
'
late illness,
To
be patient with a
is
man who
no denying
I
invalid.
have
out of sight'
[them].'
'Only
in bed, that
Can
more
light-giving illustration
how
'
modern
novelist,
now
deceased, as deteri.
1.
Bernardo
'What,
is
Horatio there?'
To which
Horatio
replies,
'A' piece of him.'
The
late Charles
Knight speaks of
is its
this as Horatio's
'
familiar
is
pleasantry': but
what
meaning?
The
simple answer
Horatio
calls his
The
Still Lion.
137
i.
e.,
a piece, as implying
that the rest was there, though not revealed to Hamlet's sense
at
once.
Now
all
this
is
hand
'
'
Her
very
fingers,'
he
cried,
If
so, there
must be more of
her.'
Of course, neither
things were uttered.
Dawson
these
when
of the illustration
would be
As
it
is,
we
power of
common
do the
great
playwright yeoman's
Common
who
in Shakespeare's
iii.
1,
which
1623
I forget
But these sweet thoughts, doe even Most busie lest, when I doe it.
refresh
my
labours,
The thought of
all this
may
motive, deep
in,
down
may come
rushing
The
Still Lion.
138
secret oil to
meant
up in the pauses of
this,
'
exertion.
Had
he would
most
p. 2),
'
to
'
refresh,'
and
'
busy
to Ferdinand
him by
We
would
busie
lest,'
and regu-
e.,
am
forgetting
my my
injunction],
labours
it.]
Most
busiliest
when
doe
it.
[i. e.,
do forget
Busiliest
is
2, fo.
1623): and
if
so the
slight
We
e.
g.,
it
wiselier than I
Tempest,
iii,
2.
and
shall not
Ibid.,
v.
I.
Much Ado
In such, and
we must be
exercise patience.
Once more,
on the
injurious
iv.
1,
instability
of
the
sensible
universe,
three
or
four
and impertinent
alterations
have been
unsuccess-
The
Still Lion.
139
fully
'
attempted
&c.
:
as
for
'
little ';
and Warburton's
tKair
on a misprint of the
appeared in 1632).
the phrase
'all
second
folio (viz.,
Besides which
which
it
ce
Meanwhile
is
is
absolutely
fleckless
in all
and
flawless, as
it
stands in the
first folio.
Hardly
on
'
into of)
are s.uch stuff
We
As dreams
are
made
of,
and our
little life
notion here
is
not
difficult.
Shakespeare's unconscious
passage
and
Tliorn-pieces,
which
and the
night,
that reigned around the poles of life the birth and death
of
man
as round
:
What does
a
this
life is
its
they were
poles
And
ours
is
but
but
little is
little,
'
140
The
Still Lion.
that
we thank God
is
but a sleep.
The
legiti-
only there
off
'
is
'
one word
viz.,
'
before
of.
darkest
grass,
little
bank of
life?
earth
Lorna
certain;
and
in some,
is
still
somewhat
all
doubtful, a particular
but
universal acceptance
It
is
an exceptional
to his author.
Johnson on Warburton
in
emendation of God,
';
vice
'
good,'
Hamlet,
ii.
'
:
but surely
for,
opinion;
'
is
simply
a carrion that
is
good
for kissing
The
ever, attainable
attained by Theobald,
author,
and
that
by no ordinary
In our opinion he
fully
among
we
he
the host
Holding
that opinion,
indignantly
calls 'a
whom
man
The
Still Lion.
141
native
and
intrinsic
little
of the
arti-
ficial light
But, as
if
grudging Theobald
ignorant/
'
mean and
petulant
and
'
ostentatious.'
De
calls
Theobald
painstaking but
yet,
dull'
Works, Black,
and
on another
occasion,
when De Quincey
insisting
on 'the gratitude of
re-
art,
the famous
Henry
3.
Those words,
instant';
'
of Falstaff
119.)
Just so:
precisely
where
lies
the marvel of
which we owe to
to Shakespeare.
We
indeed
it
is
it
most probably
:
but Theobald
little
of
human
satisfied
Quickly's speech
a table of
142
The
Still Lion.
green frieze.'*
appear to most
men
to all
the infection
human
nature.
had both.
He knew
how
Falstaff
would
talk,
when
;
would be
Moreover, he
all this;
that babbled
was
ordi-
to an emendation which
has covered Shakespeare with glory and been identified with his
text.
{See Notes
and
Queries, 1st S.
viii.
commentary on
Brown; and
where Dr.
its
in
also
270,
with
Newman
folio,
inference.)
No amount
some
critic
can comIn
its
restoration.
But success
in
any
imperfect Shakespearian
Grammar
will at
He
must have been reading Brewster's Optics, 1831, p. 296, where on 'a pen lying upon a green cloth.'
The
Still Lion.
143
grammar of Shakespeare
and
his contemporaries
is
not at
all
and Dyce's Glossary, and Dr. Alexander Schmidt's ShakespeareLexicon, will afford
which
now
obsolete, or
else
current in
senses
more
or less
different
and
fifteenth centuries.
in
the collation
of passages
plays
ii.
more or
and poems.
For example
in All's
3, is
editor.
They say miracles are past, and we have our Philosophicall make moderne and familiar things supernaturall and causelesse.
Some
editors insert a
comma
after
'
Hence
feare.
is it,
that
we make
trifles
This ought to
settle the
but
if
any doubt
familiar,
to
and
would
remove
Thou
it
dost
make
Winter's Tale,
i.
2.
144
The
Still Lion.
As here
and
made
so, so in the
former
made modern
To
3,
take a far
more
difficult
passage; in Timon
of Athens,
Sempronius exclaims,
How? Have they deny'de him? Has Ventidgius and Lucullus deny'de him,
And
It
does he send to
me ?
Three ?
Humh ?
(like Physitians)
showes but
I
little love,
or judgment in him.
Must
be his
last
Refuge?
:
His Friends
I take th'
Thrive, give
him over
Must
Cure upon
me
The mention
q. d. these
him
over, just as
in
same
play,
seems to us quite
folio.
sufficient
stands in the
Timon
addressing
i.
e.,
their
examples,
who
thrive
by
first,
and leave
them
We
maintain, then,
Sempronius
is
over.
The
Still Lion.
145
it
is
an impertinence
to restore
ii.
text, is in
r,
Some
rise
by sinne,
and some
for
by vertue falls
fault alone.
The second
line
being in
italics
in the folio
1623,
we may
an older play,
or as an interpolation
by an
inferior
Apparently
'
and
answer none
last line
'
we
judgment
is
a single
fault
a mere
fault.
run through a
Now
Gods,
there
is
a passage in Cymbeline,
v.
1,
which
is
of good
Posthumus
But alacke,
You snatch some hence for little faults that's love To have them fall no more you some permit To second illes with illes, each elder worse, &c.
;
:
We
order
146
The
Still Lion.
You some permit To second illes with illes, each elder worse, You snatch some hence for little faults and comparing
this
career of sin
it is
hardly possible to
'
Ice
is
can
Vice,
as
Rowe
suggested
for
it
from
delinquents run.
stands,
ever,
it
may admit
fix
would
unusual metaphor.
We
Or
(like
my
lookes
To keepe my
face
still
fast,
my
hart
still
loose;
i.
Bussy jyAmbois,
1.
To
is
set
my
just
to
keep
'
my
face
still fast
and omitting
it
'
eternal
'
still
'
is
to keep
fast
and
fixed.
bit.
The word,
my
looks in
an eternal brake'
147
restraint
brake
is
here a fixed
iv.
1.
We
We
VAuvergne.
Byron.
them
At our
eclipsed faces;
they keepe
all
To
D'Au.
cast in admiration
on the King
F'or from
Chang'd
we
shall see
them
all
Byr.
Is't
Whose
See in
how
[1. e.,
visage]
Passion of nothing
&c.
thaw
too,
'
and change
1
into water.
What
but
'
'
brakes of Ice
ice,'
What do such
faces,
any shape
crux
in
Now
Shakespeare, as
is
we would
e.,
with no
others are
condemned
Be
this as
it
may,
an
it
had
set herself in
:
ice-
run,
I
My
resolution's plact,
in
and
&c.
have nothing
to foot
Of woman
me
'
148
The
Still Lion.
is
printed in
Some
rise
by
sin,
fall.
The
line following
'
'
probably corrupt,
viz.,
To make them
but
we know
well
enough what
it
it
ought to say :
should mean,
Gods allow
stomach may
may
fall
voluntarily return
to
Such
those
who
fall by virtue
It
is,
are snatched
away
that they
may
no more.
this
we
think,
if
by the aid of
restored.
analogy the
it
line,
At present
must remain
demands
patient
Here, however,
is
ii.
1,
which contains
Nurse
crie,;
Baby
'Chats him'
is,
we
think,
corrupt; and
many
'
conjectures
claps
all alike
inadmissible.
Perhaps
him
) ; '
149
is
it.
As
Mr.
Blackstone
is
99
remarks,
Dr.
'A Rapture
* *
an odd
it
effect of
crying in Babies.
would read
%
'
Rupture.
To which
it is
he adds,
have since
enquired, and
am
told that
usual.'
is
the fact.
But Blackstone
viz.,
where we read,
the Rupture.
much
criyng.'
vi.
316)
and
it
has never
in the
and
defense.
xxii.
is,
Certainly
'
rapture
ii.
just seizure:
cf.
Chapman's
ii.
Iliad,
(Taylor's ed.
1,
where 'rupture'
for rapture:
And
my
arm.
Mr.
J.
'
with a Jewell
whom
his
all
arme.'
sufficient
150
The
Still Lion.
employment of rapture
being
so,
and that
we adhere
as
to Blackstone's emendation,
and believe
rupture, so
that just
misprinted
At the same
Your
darling will
weep
itself into
a rapture,
if
you do not
take heed.'
Follies, 1602.
We
conclude
a restoration which
is
not due
Ben Jonson.
Ccesar,
iii.
in
his
Julius
1,
Ctesar.
Thy
brother by decree
is
banished
If thou dost
for
him,
my
way.
Metellus.
Ctesar.
me
wrong,
just cause,
Nor without
Metellus.
Is there
my
own, &c.
and somewhater
Second
later
2)
we
read,
Citizen.
Caesar has
Third
Citizen.
Has
he, master
But the
folio,
Know,
Will he be
The
Still Lion.
151
Now
this is
a propos of nothing.
There
is
nothing in Caesar's
'
Caesar
(for
is
it);
and besides,
unfinished.
To Ben
and
p. 97),
we
1,
are indebted
iii.
as
we have
given
it.
But the
editors,
deeming
have
its
it.
&c.
and he has
a like note
on the
text
on Jonson's
authority.
Pope had
2,
Caesar
just cause,
The
text
1,
as
we have
first
given
it,
as a bull; but
us that Shakespeare
changed
that
it
captious.
The
justice of the
cause
is
observes,
If
wrong
is
* Injury, here,
is
152
The
Still Lion.
it,
there
is
no absurdity
v.
1.'
in the
"
He
shall
{Life of
v.
1,
Winter's Tale,
Had
She had
Leontes. just cause.
To murther
(2. e.,
her
the
whom
he might take as
has,
in
second
wife).
Clearly,
then,
Queen
This
is
even
fell
more amenable
under
it.
The Cambridge
editors
with a lapse of
memory; and
and
this,
in
and
in measure,
that
Jonson reverts
of News.
?
same censure
the blunder
We
say
it
is
and
form in which, as
we
believe,
Though wishing
nents with
all
we
have not been loath to strike in earnest, in support and vindication of a literary heritage which
is,
in our
eyes,
far
too
The
Still Lion.
153
precious to be
made
the sport
There are
works enough
men
this
text of Shakespeare
we have no kind of
and bad
any
tolerance.
We
on
Of
of note in
we have
is
failed in the
in that text to
failure.
Reluctant as
to the
we
crucible of conjecture,
its
justifi-
cation of
use,
which
this
kind of criticism
ablest critics
may be
differ,
fruitful
may
and on the
we cannot
final decisions
which
will assuredly
be conferred by time.
<ujijj][ementarp
&ott$.
On
reviewing the foregoing chapters we find a few points on
calls for correction, explanation,
Had
some
Chapman
v.
1.
P. 33.
Possibly land-damn
iii.
may
In Notes
and
Queries, 5th S. ,
detected, or
was usual
to
lan-dan them.
traversing from house to house along the 'country side/ blowing trumpets
the delinquents' names were proclaimed, and they were thus land-
damned.
This
is
Wedgwood,
in Notes
is
and
'
Queries,
5th S.,
3, points
Two
Gentlemen of Verona,
in
1,
and
humour by Gonzalo
The Tempest,
i.
I.
All other
we
P. 35.
H. A.
J.
Munro
identifies
/'.
it,
e.,
he accents the
'e.'
56
The
Still Lion.
P.
44.
There
in
is
absolute,' viz.,
King John,
2.
maids,
Who
to lose
maid of that
&c.
in the
'
Tattoo,'
P. 67.
'Hold and
Judges,
xvi,
occupie a rocke:'
If they bind
cf.,
n.
I
me
fast
with
new
occupied, then
shall
St.
by Mr.
is
J.
differently spelt,
and Jalowsy
She that
is
fayre, lusty
and yonge
And And
can comon in termes wyth fyled tonge wyll abyde whysperynge in the eare
tayle
is
Thynke ye her
P. 78 (note).
'
The
Palais de
Luxembourg
'
is,
we
Doubtless
(
many
Silvio's
was of gold)
effigy of
a lady
We should
Tale,
iii.
have included in
well-known crux
The Winter's
2
I ne'er
heard yet
That any of these bolder vices wanted Less impudence to gainsay what they did
Than
to perform
it
first.
The
we
'
less
'
as an adjective
it.
to perform those
The
Still Lion.
157
vices, the
less
impudence necessary
to
parallel
case in
Antony and
P. 81.
we
(July 13, 1875), the most perfect exemplification of the ridicule which
visitor,
who
as
was evidently no
the
first
scholar,
was endeavouring
to decipher the
warning over
He
had got
far as
white with
fear,
'
Oh
I don't
mind
at all
I'm used
to
Just as
laughter
'
we
in
pun on 'wax,'
so
we do
for
that
on
'
The Tempest,
Sebastian.
ii.
Done
The wager
Antonio.
Sebastian.
A A
laughter.
match.
(a doit or a denier)
commonly
laid in betting.
is
At present
word
is
The word
and
is still
in provincial use
told us
that he
am no common laughter
is
'
is
just
a broker,
bad sense
but
its
history
at present
shrouded in obscurity.
P. 86.
tion
we may
which we know
life
means
just this
There [we
why we
[instead of ending
by
suicide].
This
is
158
The
Still Lion.
P. 87.
We
John
ii.
2,
part,
Lost,
I,
Which we much
rather
had depart
withal.
Woman
in
her Humour,
till
She'll serve
under him
iii.
death us depart.
also
we
shall
part with
neither,
'where,' says
Monk Mason,
P. 94.
On
Son), p. 170.
Edmonds
For the soules of those men who are devoted to corporeal pleasures, and who having yielded themselves as it were as servants to them, enslaved to pleasures under the impulse of their passions, have violated the laws of Gods and men such souls, having escaped from their bodies, hover round the earth, nor do they return to this place, till tliey have
;
many
ages.
P. 117.
To
Or
we
think, be
shew the cynders of my spirits Through th' Ashes of my chance. Antony and Cleopatra,
I shall
v.
2.
Through
the Ashes of
my
glance.
(Ingleby.)
First
'the ashes of
my
chance'
is
nonsense.
Hanmer's mischance
(for
'my
chance')
is
no
better.
Warburton's
my
cheeks
was a weak
is
conjecture,
which
he never adopted.
unsatisfactory.
Secondly:
The
Still Lion.
159
What
Go backe
I
She would burn him up with her glance had almost faded
out,
-what
viii.
Milton
533)
calls
'
the charm of
fire
and
though the
Thirdly
:
for
who thus
describes
A glance like
and
drew herself
up, and fixed a glance, blazing with rage and scorn, on the driver.
(We
suppose
but a gaze.)
when the 'glance' became 'fixed,' it was no longer a glance Compare also the description of Cassy's feelings on p. 399
:
When Legree brought Emmeline to the house, all the smouldering embers of womanly feeling Jlashed up in the worn heart of Cassy, and she took part with the girl.
Cleopatra just says, she will shew the
still
spirits
through the ashes of her faded glance, just as we see the hot gleads through
the ashes of an expiring
fire.
P. 120.
viz.,
In
a.
proof of
this
very Essay,
we
P. 140.
Was Hamlet
is
Be
that as
it
may, the
following passage
am
indebted to Mr. C.
J.
Monro
it
is
from
St.
Augustine,
De fide
et
symbolo, 10.
(Vol.
Nee
Domini
nostri generatio,
quod earn
sordidi
sordidam putant. Quia et stultum Dei sapientius esse hominibus, et omnia munda mundis, verissime apostolus dicit. Debent igitur intueri qui hoc putant, solis huius radios, quern certe non tanquam creaturam Dei laudant sed tanquam Deum adorant, per cloacarum foetores et
i6o
The
Still Lion.
quaecumque horribilia usquequaque difFundi et in his operari secundum naturam szeam, nee tamen inde aliqua contaminantione sordescere, cum
visibilis
sit
natura coniunctior
quanto minus
corpore ubi
Verbum Dei non corporeum neque visibile de femineo humanam carnem suscepit cum anima et spiritu, quibus
humani corporis
fragilitate
If Shakespeare
had
St.
this scene,
what
PASSAGES IN SHAKESPEARE
DISCUSSED IN
o
PAGE
List of crucial
words
in
Shakespeare (Ullorxals)
33
Remarks on Aroint,
Barlet, cyme,
37
45
This un-heard sawcinesse and boyish Troopes, The king doth smile at. -
King John,
v.
21
You shames
All the contagion of the South light on you, of Rome you Heard of Byles and Plagues Plaister you ore, &c. . Coriolanus,
:
i.
22
Your
Into a rapture
lets
prattling
Nurse
crie,
her Baby
Ibid.,
ii.
Fame
Which he
did end
all his
&c.
To
Spred thy close Curtaine Love-performing night, That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo Leape to these armes, untalkt of and unseene. Romeo and Juliet,
will
iii.
54
Then he
that dies
and
lives
As You
Like
It,
ii.
59
62
The
Still Lion.
Hee
Doth very foolishly, although he smart Seeme senselesse of the bob. If not, The Wise-man's folly is anathomiz'd Even by the squandering glances of the
foole.
Ibid.
ii.
6 2
One
is
a South-sea of discoverie.
Ibid. ,
iii.
8o
Who might be your mother, That you insult, exult, and all at once, Over the wretched ?
Turning your Bookes
to Graves, your
Ibid.
iii.
79
Your Pennes
To
Ye
Inke to Blood, and your Tongue divine 2 Henry VI, lowd Trumpet, and a Point of Warre.
to Launces,
iv.
60
shall
29
And
Admits no Orifex
to enter
Troilus
I
and
Cressida, v. 2
64
do beseech
thee,
thy head.
I will
74
Feasting
and thou
shalt
Anne Page is, at a Farm-house wooe her Cride-game, said I well ? The Merry Wives of Windsor, ii.
:
75
my
In a wide sea of wax
:
free drift
itself
Timon of Athens,
?
i.
83
How ? Have they deny'de him Has Ventidgius and Lucullus deny'de him, And does he send' tome? Three ? Humh ?
It
showes but
I
little love,
or judgment in him.
?
Must
be
his last
Refuge
:
His Friends
I
(like Physitians)
Thrive, give
him over
Must
me ?
Ibid.,
iii.
144
The
Still Lion.
163
Now the
That you may live Onely in bone, that none may looke on you.
135
we must
Into this sea of
air.
all
part
-
Ibid., iv. 2
87
Thought I thy spirits were stronger than thy shames, Myself would on the rearward of reproaches Much Ado About Nothing, Strike at thy life.
Bring
iv.
93
me
Whose
joy of her
speake of patience.
and stroke
his beard,
when he should
grone, &c.
Ibid., v.
1
129
I love thee
not a jar
o'
What
The Winter's
prove
Tale,
i.
16
Shee's otherwise,
I lodge
my
Wife,
Then when
I feele,
no
Ibid.
ii.
76
I ne'er
heard yet
That any of these bolder vices wanted Less impudence to gainsay what they did
Than
to
perform
it first.
Ibid,, in. 2
157
no
this
my Hand
will rather
The multitudinous Seas incarnadine, Making the Greene one, Red. Her Gentlewomen, like the Nereides, So many Mer-maides tended her i' th' eyes, And made their bends adornings. At the Helme Antony and A seeming Mer-maide steers.
Macbeth,
ii.
119
Cleopatra,
ii.
19
The mean
I'll raise
time, lady,
64
The
Still Lion.
Ibid.,
v.
109
spirits
Hid.,
v.
158
Urchins
Shall for that vast of night, that they
may worke
The Tempest,
i.
2
I
Done
The wager ?
A laughter.
I forget;
Ibid.,
ii.
'57
But these sweet thoughts, doe even refresh Most busie lest, when I doe it.
my
labours,
Ibid.,
iii.
1
137
are
made
of,
and our
little life
rounded with a
sleep.
Ibid., iv.
139
To an unsettled fancie, Cure thy braines (Now uselesse) boile within thy skull there
:
Ibidv
v.
piece of him.
Which might
shall
make
Or
to take
troubles,
And by
No
traveller returns.
The
Still Lion.
165
PAGE
They say miracles are past, and we have our Philosophicall persons, to make moderne and familiar things supematurall and causelesse. All's Well that Ends Well, ii. 3
-
143
and forgive us
all
Some
rise
by sinne,
and some
by vertue fall:
ii.
145
Two
I,
passages on death
die,
but to
Ibid,
iii.
97 99
&c.
Cymbeline,
v.
common
Julius Ccesar,
i.
157
Will he be
Ibid.,
iii.
150
To
Mark Antony:
Ibid.,
iii.
Our Armes in strength of malice, and our Hearts Of Brothers temper, do receive you in.
115
AUTHORS QUOTED.
iElian
Aristotle
9> 91
Arrowsmith, Rev.
W.
R.
62
I2 3> I2 7
Ascham, Roger
Augustine, St.
Bailey, S.
Barret, R.
'59
89
73
'35.
r
Beecher-Stowe, Mrs. H.
59
Blackmore, R. D.
(Loma Doom)
H
!
Blackstone, Justice
Brewster, Sir D.
HI
'37
r
Bronte, Charlotte
Caird, Rev.
J.
37
Caldicott, T.
86
73
98
-
Chapman, G.
Chettle,
46
69
H.
-
Cicero
'S 8
Cook, J. Corson, H.
Dale, Sir T.
20
H
93
r 3
Dawson, G.
Day,
J.
-
65
1,
De
Quincey, T.
Drayton, M.
87
The
Still Lion.
\6"j
PAGE
Edmonds, C. E.
Fleay, Rev. F. G.
Fletcher, J.
.
158
16
70, 102
-
Ford,
J.
116
57
Furnivall, F. J.
Garnett, R.
Giffard, G.
87
42
156 8
Glanvil, Rev. J.
Goethe
Gosson, S.
Greene, R.
Hall, Dr. J.
Halliwell, J. O.
104
78
26
151
18,
Hyrd, R.
Holland, Ph.
67 35 72
140, 141
7. 85, 131
Kant,
I.
-
128
-
Knight, C.
126, 136
Lavaterus, L.
42> 43
Lupton, T.
Macaulay, Lord
-
42,
5.1
61
Marmion,
Milton
S.
J.
42
13 1
Meiklejohn,
M. D.
97
25, 65, 104
Monro, C.
J.
i9
I2 7
34. '55
Morysine, Sir R.
Munro, H. A.
J.
J.
Newman,
Dr.
H.
142
North, Sir T.
Pickering, B.
"9
M.
4
Plutarch
"9
Powell, T.
Racster, J.
6
42
68
Richter, J. P.
139
127
Schmidt, Dr. A.
Scott, Sir
62
34, 61, 127, 131
W.
Spenser, E.
Sterne, L.
65 78
-
Tylney,
Glomond
65
18, 19, 42, 67,
Vives, L.
127
Walkington, T.
Wilkins, G. (Pericles)
102 149
CORRECTION.
P. 61,
1.
12.
For In read
It.
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Allen, Birmingham.