http://www.xtremepapers.

net

Petersons.com/publishing
Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information
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About Thomson Petersons

Thomson Petersons (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books
and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers
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2005 Thomson Petersons, a part of The Thomson Corporation
Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
Acknowledgments:
Head Writer: Drew D. Johnson; Contributing Writers: Maria Hong, Cameron Scott,
Teresa Diaz, and Keith Cox.
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
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thomsonrights@thomson.com
ISBN 0-7689-1431-0
Printed in the United States of America
10

First Edition

2 1

07 06 05

Contents

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1 22
ABOUT
THIS TOOL KIT
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Your
Tools
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23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2
23456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789011 2
INTRODUCTION
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About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 12
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About the Sidebars in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 12
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2
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12
PART
I: UNDERSTANDING THE SAT
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1 22
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12
Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, Its the
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2
New SAT! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2
1
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1 22
Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for
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Standardized Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14 1
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1 22
PART
II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND
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1
WEAKNESSES
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Chapter 3: The DiagnosticTest Driving the
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2
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2
New SAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 1
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2
1
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2
Diagnostic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30 1
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2
1
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1 22
PART
III: REVIEWING THE SECTIONS
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of
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Words You CAN Win . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74 1
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2
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1
Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 1 2
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2
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1
Chapter
5:
The
Ultimate
Word
List
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere
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2
Grammar Rules Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 1
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Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 1 2
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2
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Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said . . . . . . . . 263 1 2
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2
Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 1
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PART
IV: TAKING THREE PRACTICE TESTS
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Chapter 8: Preface to the Practice Tests . . . . . . . . 370 1 2
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Practice
Test
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Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 1 2
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2
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Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 1
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Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 1
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Practice Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 1 2
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2
Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 1
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Chapter 9: A Final WordWhew!. . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 1 2
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2
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v

About This Tool Kit

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9
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Your Tools
9
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9
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Petersons Ultimate New SAT Tool Kit provides the complete package you
9
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need to score your personal best on the SAT and get into your top-choice
9
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college. Unlike any book previously published, this tool kit contains many
9
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features that used to be available only to those who purchased expensive
9
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9
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test-prep classes.
9
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9
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9
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e-Tutoring
9
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9
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Use
the
CD
to
go
on
line
to
register
for
one-on-one
math
help
from
a
live
9
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9
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expert whenever you need it. Tutoring is offered using an on-line
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
whiteboard
shared
by
you
and
the
tutor,
which
allows
you
to
communicate
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9
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with one another in real time. However, if you prefer, you can submit your
9
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math question in writing instead and receive a written answer within 24
9
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hours.
9
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The free tutoring offered with this product is limited to 30 minutes,
9
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9
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although
you
may
purchase
more
time
if
you
need
it.
A
written
response
to
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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a submitted question counts as 20 minutes. The tutoring service is available
9
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9
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for
six
months
from
the
date
you
register
on
line.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Note: The e-tutoring service offered to purchasers of this 2005 edition will
9
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9
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expire
on
January
1,
2006.
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9
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This service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week for most of the
9
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9
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year. During the summer the service is available from 9 a.m. to 1 a.m.
9
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9
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Eastern Standard Time. Due to low demand, the service is not available
9
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9
during several holiday periods, including Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Labor Day, and Memorial Day.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
vii

About this Tool Kit

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Remember, to register for this service, you will need the CD that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
accompanies
this
book.
You
will
also
need
to
refer
to
this
book
to
provide
9
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9
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the access code when prompted.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Essay Scoring
9
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The
CD
that
accompanies
this
book
allows
you
to
write
1
practice
test
essay
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
on line and receive a score on it, which approximates your performance on
9
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9
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the essay in the actual SAT. In addition to a score, you will also receive
9
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9
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constructive feedback on your essay, including tips to improve your score.
9
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9
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With this tool kit, you get scoring for 1 practice test essay. If you wish, for a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fee, you may obtain scoring information and feedback for additional
9
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9
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practice
essays
you
write
on
line.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
To
register
for
the
essay-scoring
service
you
need
the
CD
that
accompanies
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this book. In addition, you will need to refer to this book to provide the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
access code when prompted.
9
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9
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9
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Note:
The
scoring
of
the
1
essay
is
offered
free
to
purchasers
of
this
edition
9
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9
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and this offer will expire on December 31, 2005.
9
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9
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9
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The CD
9
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9
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There are 2 full-length practice tests for the SAT on the CD-ROM that
9
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accompanies
this
book.
These
tests,
along
with
the
3
full-length
practice
9
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9
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tests in this book, provide a total of 5 simulated tests you can incorporate
9
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9
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into
your
test-prep
plan.
Since
the
actual
SAT
is
a
paper-and-pencil
test,
be
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sure to go through at least one of the tests printed in this book. (The CD
9
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9
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version
will
automatically
time
your
test
and
compute
your
score.)
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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The
Flash
Cards
9
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Vocabulary flash cards are bound into the back of this book. Separate these
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at the perforations to create a deck of 216 SAT vocabulary flashcards to
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help you expand your vocabulary. While no questions on the SAT will
9
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9
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specifically ask you to provide definitions of any words, building a better
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vocabulary will improve your performance on the SAT, especially the
9
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Critical Reading and the Writing sections.
9
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viii 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Introduction
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About This Book
9
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Most colleges require applicants to take the SAT, the standardized test thats
9
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been around for decades. If you havent already taken an SAT, you may
9
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have taken the PSAT, which is like the SATs cousin. Both tests are primarily
9
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timed multiple-choice tests that cover math and English skills. Your SAT
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score is an ingredient colleges add to the mysterious soup known as the
9
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admissions
process.
In
this
respect
the
SAT
is
like
salt,
since
almost
every
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soup uses salt to some degree or another.
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Sometimes
your
SAT
score
is
a
big
factor
in
your
selection,
and
sometimes
it
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isnt. Theres no way to tell one way or the other, but all you really need to
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know
is
that
a
good
SAT
score
helps
your
chances
of
getting
into
a
college.
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You might think its unfair that a single standardized test has such an impact
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on your chances of getting accepted, and youre not alone. Other people
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have questioned why a single exam given one morning could matter as
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much as twelve years of schoolwork and grades. The debate about the
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merits of the SAT has gone on for decades, but one thing hasnt changed.
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The
SAT
is
the
only
standard
measure
that
colleges
can
use
to
compare
one
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potential student to another. Every high school is different, so an A in
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algebra
from
Lawrence
High
School
might
mean
something
different
than
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an A in algebra from Pennington Prep. Even the algebra classes themselves
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might
cover
different
topics,
so
its
impossible
to
say
which
A
student
is
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better at algebra. But the SAT is a standardized test, which is supposed to
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mean that a math score of 590 equals a score of 590 equals a score of 590
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no
matter
where
you
come
from
or
when
you
took
the
test.
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This is the practical reason that colleges like the SAT. It makes wading
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through a mountain of applications much easier. For instance, some public
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schools will let students enroll if their SAT scores are over a certain number.
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Sometimes the SAT score is combined with GPA to help decide automatic
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1

Introduction

Note

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enrollment. At very competitive schools, having a high score gets you into
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the
pile
of
applications
that
is
examined
first.
You
still
might
not
get
in
to
9
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9
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that school, but a high score gives you a better chance than a lower score
9
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would.
SAT
scores
help
admissions
people
slice
the
mountain
of
applica123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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tions into smaller piles, and this makes their tough job a little easier.
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What
Does
SAT
Stand
For?
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The SAT is such a well-known test that most people refer to it by its
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initials.
Theres
a
reason
for
this.
For
most
of
its
life
the
letters
S.A.T.
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stood for Scholastic Aptitude Test, and people referred to the test by
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name or initials. Since 1993, however, the College Boardthe
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organization that administers and controls the testhas taken to
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referring
to
the
test
only
as
the
SAT.
The
reason
for
the
change
lies
in
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the middle letter A. It used to stand for aptitude, but the College
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Board
doesnt
want
the
SAT
to
be
thought
of
as
an
aptitude
test
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anymore. (Aptitude tests are supposed to test intelligence or a persons
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ability
to
learn.)
The
College
Board
doesnt
want
to
change
the
name
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9
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of
its
most
famous
product,
either,
so
the
SAT
is
still
the
SAT.
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This
Isnt
Your
Parents
SAT
Its
Not
Even
Your
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Older Brothers SAT
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A
new
version
of
the
SAT
debuts
in
2005.
All
the
known
details
of
the
new
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SAT are covered starting in the next chapter, but here are the main changes:
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1. A new section, Writing, will be introduced. Writing will be given its
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own
200800
score,
so
there
are
now
three
sections
in
which
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students will get a 200800 score. (Mathematics and Critical
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Reading
are
the
other
two
sections.)
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2. There is an essay, which will be graded by professional readers.
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Since
readers
will
be
needed,
the
cost
of
the
SAT
is
increasing
by
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9
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roughly ten dollars, give or take a buck. The essay will count as 30
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percent
of
your
Writing
score.
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3. Analogy questions will no longer be used on the new SAT. If you
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never learned how to do analogies, you dont have to start now.
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A new version of any test puts all test-takers at a disadvantage. Previous
9
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versions of a test can often give you a good idea of what to expect. You
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dont
have
that
option
with
the
new
SAT.
Even
so,
theres
no
need
to
freak
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9
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out. Just because the new SAT is different doesnt mean that its harder or
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that
its
been
completely
created
from
scratch.
Lets
use
the
Writing
section
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9
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as an example. Even though this section is new to the SAT, the question
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Introduction

Note

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types are not unique by any means. The same type of multiple-choice
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9
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grammar
questions
that
will
appear
on
the
new
SAT
can
be
found
in
many
9
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9
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other standardized tests. Similar questions appear on the SAT II: Writing
9
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9
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test,
the
Stanford
Series
of
standardized
tests,
as
well
as
some
state
exams
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9
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like Texass TAKS. Many state exams also require an essay, so for many of
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9
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you the idea of a graded essay wont seem like it came from the moon.
9
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9
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Basic elimination strategies can be found in Chapter 2, while
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9
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section-specific strategies (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing) can be
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found beginning in Chapter 4.
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9
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9
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9
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The new SAT differs from the old one, but in the end its just another
9
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9
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version
of
a
standardized
test.
As
with
all
standardized
tests,
the
key
to
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9
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success is to know what to expect on the exam so that you can prepare for it
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ahead of time. The book you have in your hands, Petersons Ultimate New
9
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9
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SAT Tool Kit, can help you do just that. Included in this book are general
9
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9
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test strategies, specific question strategies, and a great deal of the factual
9
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9
knowledge you will need to get a good score. There are also three sample
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9
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tests with explanations, as well as an early diagnostic that will give you an
9
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9
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idea of how you might do if you were to take the new SAT without
9
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9
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preparing. We can give you the vital information, skills, and strategies
9
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9
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necessary
to
blow
the
SAT
out
of
the
water,
new
test
or
not.
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9
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The
Petersons
Approach
to
the
New
SAT
9
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9
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Some students only want a decent score on the SAT, while others are
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shooting
for
a
great
score.
This
book
takes
these
different
goals
into
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9
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account. Throughout each of the main three subject-review chapters, there
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are Take It to the Next Level sections that cover harder material. People
9
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9
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bucking for a 7001 on all sections will want to pay attention to these
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9
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tougher problems. Others might want to focus on the basic knowledge and
9
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9
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not worry about hard topics that may or may not even appear on the new
9
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SAT. The book gives you the flexibility to make this decision for yourself.
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This book is divided into three main parts. The first part gives you the
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details
of
the
new
SAT,
the
basic
strategies
needed
to
master
it,
and
a
9
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9
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diagnostic test to give you an idea of what you need to work on. Chapters 1
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9
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and
2
cover
general
test-taking
strategies
and
give
you
a
Big
Picture
idea
of
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9
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the new SAT. Youll learn what changes were made and why, and get
9
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9
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information
that
will
help
you
approach
the
test
with
the
right
mental
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9
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framework.
9
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9
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9 3
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Introduction

Note

Alert!

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9
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9
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After learning about the new SAT, you will take a diagnostic test. This exam
9
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9
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is
based
on
the
new
SAT,
and
should
give
you
a
rough
idea
of
how
you
9
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9
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would fare on the actual exam. You can take the results of your diagnostic
9
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9
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and
use
them
to
tailor
your
approach
to
the
middle
chapters
of
this
book.
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Chapters 4 through 7the middle part of the bookcover the Reading,
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9
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Writing,
and
Mathematics
portions
of
the
test,
respectively.
These
chapters
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9
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provide you with the basic facts every test-taker should have. More
9
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important, they give you a clear picture of the techniques needed to handle
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9
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each question type effectively.
9
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Finally, the last part of the book is devoted to three full-length practice tests
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(with explanations). We suggest you hold off on taking these practice exams
9
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until
you
cover
all
of
the
material
in
the
book.
The
tests
will
allow
you
the
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9
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chance to try out the techniques and strategies discussed in Chapters 12.
9
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9
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By
the
time
you
are
finished
with
all
three
practice
tests,
you
will
have
a
very
9
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9
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good idea of what taking the new SAT will be like for you. You will also
9
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9
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know
what
techniques
and
strategies
youll
need
in
each
section.
9
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9
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9
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Combining factual knowledge with a sound strategic approach is the best
9
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9
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way
to
score
well
on
any
standardized
test,
not
just
the
new
SAT.
This
book
9
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9
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will
provide
you
with
the
facts
and
strategies
you
need
to
succeed.
The
first
9
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9
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step is to learn about the new SAT, covered in the next chapter.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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About
the
Sidebars
in
This
Book
9
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9
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Throughout
this
book
youll
encounter
four
different
iconic
symbols.
(Flip
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9
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through this book, and youll see oodles of each one.) Heres what these
9
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symbols are and what they mean:
9
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9
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9
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9
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This
sidebar
warns
you
about
a
common
blunder
or
testing
trap,
9
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9
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trick,
or
ploy
that
might
trip
you
up
during
the
test
if
youre
not
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9
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careful.
9
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9
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9
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9
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This
sidebar
signals
information
that,
although
isnt
a
need-to9
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9
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know fact, you might find interesting and that rounds out your
9
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9
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knowledge of the topic at hand.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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www.petersons.com

Introduction

X-Ref

Tip

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This sidebar signals a tip, strategy, or fine point related to the
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topic or example at hand.
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This sidebar signals a reference to a concept or other informa9
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tion located elsewhere in the book.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 5
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

PART

Understanding the SAT

Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey,
Its the New SAT! 8
Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for
Standardized Tests 14

PART I

Chapter

1
Straight from Jersey,
Its the New SAT!
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9
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Whenever
SAT
scores
are
released,
the
following
scene
happens
somewhere
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9
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in America: A student with average grades gets a high score, while a
9
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9
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straight-A student does not do as well as she wanted. Usually the first
9
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9
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student is described as a good test-taker, while the straight-A student
9
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9
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either had a bad test day or didnt test well. What are the differences
9
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9
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between these two test-takers?
9
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9
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Sometimes
the
only
thing
that
separates
a
good
test-taker
from
a
poor
one
is
9
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9
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a feeling of confidence. Good test-takers feel confident about their chances,
9
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9
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even
if
they
have
no
reason
to
feel
that
way.
Poor
test-takers
are
often
9
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9
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nervous and anxious. Theres a lot of pressure surrounding the SAT, and
9
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9
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feeling
that
pressure
during
the
test
can
cause
you
to
rush
problems
and
9
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9
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make
careless
mistakes.
9
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9
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9
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So
how
do
you
gain
confidence
and
reduce
anxiety?
For
starters,
you
should
9
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9
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learn
everything
you
can
about
the
format
of
the
new
SAT.
The
more
you
9
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9
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know what to expect, the less mysterious the test will be. Once you learn all
9
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9
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about the test, youll realize that the SAT is not really that different from
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9
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other standardized tests you have taken.
9
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9
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9
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Format of the New SAT
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9
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Total Time: about 3 hours and 45 minutes
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9
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Scoring: There will be three scores from 200800 in the areas of
9
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9
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Mathematics, Critical Reading, and Writing. The Writing score will factor
9
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9
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in
your
essay
score,
which
is
graded
on
a
scale
of
0
(low)
to
6
(high).
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
8

Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, Its the New SAT!

Note

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9
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9
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9
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9
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Sections
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9
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Mathematics has three sectionstwo 25-minute sections and one 209
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9
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minute section. Typically, the 25-minute sections contain five-choice
9
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multiple-choice questions, while the 20-minute section requires student9
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9
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produced
responses.
The
questions
in
the
Mathematics
sections
are
9
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9
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short-answer and fill-in-the-blank type problems. Calculators are allowed,
9
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9
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as
long
as
they
are
not
the
super-brainy
calculators
that
can
surf
the
Net
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and do your laundry for you. Four-function, graphing, and scientific
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
calculators
are
the
ones
to
use.
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9
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9
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Critical Reading also has three sections. Two sections are 25 minutes long,
9
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9
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and
the
other
one
is
20
minutes.
All
sections
consist
of
five-choice
multiple123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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choice questions. Analogies have been eliminated from the new test, but
9
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9
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Sentence Completion problems will still make an appearance. Reading Com9
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9
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prehension passages on the SAT are still long (500800 words), but the new
9
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9
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SAT will have shorter passages as well. These paragraph-length passages
9
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9
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will be around 100 words. Whatever the length, its still about reading a
9
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9
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passage and then answering questions about it.
9
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9
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The Writing portion of the SAT is the big new wrinkle. The total time for
9
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9
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this
section
is
50
minutes,
probably
divided
into
two
25-minute
sections.
9
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9
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One section uses multiple-choice questions to test your grammar skills.
9
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9
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There
are
three
different
types
of
multiple-choice
grammar
questions,
and
9
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9
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you
will
learn
more
about
each
type
starting
on
page
14.
The
other
section
9
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9
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contains an essay prompt. This prompt will ask a very broad question like,
9
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9
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What
is
the
importance
of
education?
in
order
to
give
you
a
lot
of
leeway
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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to decide what to write. Your essay score is factored into your overall
9
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9
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200800
score
in
a
way
that
has
not
yet
been
revealed
by
ETS.
9
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9
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9
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These are the facts about the new SAT at the time this book was
9
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9
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printed.
Any
new
updates
about
the
test
format
can
be
found
at
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Petersons Web site at: www.petersons.com/testprep. This site will
9
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9
keep track of any changes that might give you more information about
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the new format.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Understanding
the
basic
format
of
the
test
should
reduce
some
anxiety.
9
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9
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Many kids show up to take the SAT knowing only that its a timed test that
9
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9
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can
mess
up
their
chances
of
getting
into
college.
As
you
might
expect,
these
9
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9
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kids
are
pretty
nervous
about
the
exam
and
likely
to
make
careless
errors
9
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9
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once it starts. You can avoid this pitfall by memorizing the test format you
9
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9
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just
read.
Sure,
the
SAT
is
still
important,
but
at
least
you
know
what
to
9
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9
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expect in each section and for the whole test in general.
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9 9
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Part I: Understanding the SAT

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The Mysterious Section 9
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The new SAT should take:
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9
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70 minutes Math 1 70 minutes Critical Reading 1 60 minutes Writing
9
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9
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5
200
minutes.
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9
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9
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This works out to three hours, 20 minutes. But earlier, we stated that the
9
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9
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total
testing
time
is
about
three
hours,
45
minutes.
Theres
a
difference
of
35
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9
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minutes thats unexplained. Before you dash off to the computer and check
9
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9
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out
some
Web
conspiracy
sites,
you
should
know
that
the
eight
SAT
sections
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9
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described in the chart are the eight sections that will count towards your
9
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9
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score. There will be a Section 9, though, containing only sample or
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9
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experimental questions.
9
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9
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In one sense, this sample section helps ensure some fairness in future
9
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9
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SATs. In another sense, it is a waste of time that uses you as a guinea pig. It
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9
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all
depends
on
your
point
of
view.
Educational
Testing
Servicethe
9
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9
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company that writes the SAT questionsuses the sample section to test
9
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9
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questions
for
future
SATs.
The
results
help
ETS
to
identify
and
discard
9
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9
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questions that are bad and determine which questions are easy, medium, or
9
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9
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hard.
So
the
sample
section
does
help
ensure
equanimity
between
tests
from
9
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9
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year
to
year,
decreasing
the
chance
that
one
SAT
will
be
much
harder
than
9
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9
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another. That levels the playing field from one SAT to the next. And, thats
9
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9
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a
good
thing.
The
sample
section
also
means
that
you
will
have
to
answer
a
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9
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bunch of questions that will have no impact on your score. Theres no way
9
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9
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to
tell
which
section
is
the
sample
section,
so
you
have
to
approach
them
all
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9
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as
if
they
count.
For
example,
if
you
have
four
math
sections,
then
you
9
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9
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know that one of them is the sample section, since only three count toward
9
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9
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your score. But which one? You could guess, but it would be a foolish
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9
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maneuver on your part. You need to tackle every section as if the questions
9
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9
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are real. In the back of your mind, though, you know that one of the
9
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sections will not count toward your score. Having to expend mental energy
9
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9
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on problems that do not count is a bad thing, for you at least.
9
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9
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9
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Knowing
that
there
is
a
sample
section
wont
translate
directly
into
a
higher
9
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9
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score, but it does help you understand the SAT testing process better. Place
9
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9
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this
in
your
rapidly
growing
Knowledge
is
Power
file
on
the
SAT
along
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9
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with everything else. Whenever you start to feel anxious about the test,
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9
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review the facts in this file until you calm down and realize that the new SAT
9
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9
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is
just
another
test.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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10 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, Its the New SAT!

Note

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9
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9
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The
sample
section
could
be
in
Math,
Critical
Reading,
or
Writing.
9
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9
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Sometimes different standardized tests will have different sample
9
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9
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sections, so the person next to you might get a sample Math section
9
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while youre stuck with a sample Writing section. This allows ETS to
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9
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test a greater number of sample questions. Both of you get the same
9
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9
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eight
sections
that
count,
of
course.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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At
this
point,
you
should
have
a
good
idea
about
how
the
SAT
has
changed.
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9
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It will also help your cause if you understand why the SAT has changed.
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9
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There are a host of reasons why the SAT changed formats, and some of
9
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9
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them
have
a
direct
impact
on
how
the
new
SAT
will
look.
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9
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9
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Some Reasons the SAT Changed
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9
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The SAT Has Always Changed
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Like
fashion,
the
field
of
education
has
trends
and
fads.
Some
educational
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9
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ideas
get
hot
while
others
get
pushed
to
the
back
of
the
closet
next
to
the
9
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9
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parachute pants. Classrooms today are very different from the high school
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9
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classrooms
of
America
in
the
1920s,
when
the
SAT
first
was
introduced.
If
9
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9
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the SAT kept the exact same form every year, it would run the risk of
9
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9
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becoming outdated and irrelevant in about a decade. So the test is
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9
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constantly being tweaked or modified to remain topical. The next big
9
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9
change might be to a computerized SAT, since this is already being done
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9
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with other standardized tests.
9
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9
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The New SAT Is More about Mastery of Subject Skills than
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9
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Aptitude
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9
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The changes to the SAT might allow it to become more than just a college
9
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9
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admissions
test.
Theoretically,
some
time
in
the
future
the
new
SAT
could
be
9
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9
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used
to
see
how
well
students
have
mastered
a
basic
curriculum
of
math
and
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9
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English.
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9
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As it now stands, many states require high school students to take a state
9
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standardized test in order to graduate. These examssuch as the MCAS in
9
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9
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Massachusetts, TAKS in Texas, and FCAT in Floridaare designed to see
9
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9
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how
well
students
have
mastered
their
states
learning
objectives.
The
new
9
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9
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SAT is going to be like these tests, since it will try to accurately gauge how
9
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9
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well
students
meet
some
basic
learning
standards.
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9
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So the new SAT is poised to be more of an achievement test than an aptitude
9
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9
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test.
To
illustrate
this
key
difference,
imagine
a
high
school
biology
9
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9
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textbook. A biology aptitude test would ask questions to see how well a
9
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9
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9 11
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part I: Understanding the SAT

Note

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9
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9
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student could learn biology. In theory, Jill Student would not have to know
9
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9
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biology
beforehand.
The
question
would
be
designed
to
see
how
well
she
9
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9
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could learn biology. The aptitude test is like an intelligence test. In contrast,
9
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9
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a
biology
achievement
test
would
test
the
material
in
the
textbook.
Students
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9
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who had read the material would likely do well on this test, while students
9
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9
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who did not know biology would probably score poorly.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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aptitude1. an inherent ability to learn; a talent. 2. quickness in
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9
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learning or understanding.
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9
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9
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9
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All of this doesnt mean that the new SAT is going to be a radical departure
9
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9
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from
the
previous
version.
At
the
end
of
the
day,
the
new
and
old
SATs
are
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9
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both standardized tests of basic math and English. Fundamentally, the two
9
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9
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tests will be similar, and theres a good reason for this. A balance between
9
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9
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the old and new versions is necessary so that older SAT scores can still be
9
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9
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compared to the new scores.
9
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9
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The new SAT is going to be more of an achievement test, and its true that it
9
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9
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will
have
some
different
questions
and
sections,
but
its
still
primarily
a
test
9
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9
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of high school math and English. That wont change, regardless of the
9
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9
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introduction
of
paragraph-length
reading
passages.
9
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9
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9
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The proposed shift from aptitude to achievement does a good job of
9
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9
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explaining
why
the
test
has
changed
the
way
it
has.
A
writing
portion
can
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9
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now be added because grammar is an important subject you should have
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9
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learned.
You
cant
have
a
grammar
aptitude
test,
since
grammar
is
not
9
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9
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intuitive. But you can have a grammar achievement test that tracks how
9
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9
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well students know their grammar rules.
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9
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Analogy questions were a standard aptitude question, so theyre gone.
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Sentence Completion problems are a form of vocabulary question, so they
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9
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remain to test your achievement level in vocabulary. New SAT reading
9
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9
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passages
might
contain
questions
that
ask
you
about
metaphors
or
similes.
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These are basic literary terms that most high school English students are
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required
to
know.
The
same
holds
true
for
the
Math
section.
Instead
of
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questions designed to see if you could master algebra, youll be given
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straight
algebra
problems
like:
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12 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 1: Straight from Jersey, Its the New SAT!

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1
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3 5 =144, what is the value of x?
If,
x
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(A) 4
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(B)
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(C) 36
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(D) 144
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(E) 1728
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Theres not a lot of aptitude here. Whats needed is a firm knowledge of
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how to manipulate variables, radicals, and exponents. These skills are
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achieved
in
a
high
school
algebra
class.
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The
transformation
from
an
aptitude
test
to
an
achievement
test
obviously
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affects the way you should prepare for the new SAT. This book provides you
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with three entire practice tests. The CD that accompanies it will provide you
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with
two
additional
practice
tests.
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You should have a pretty good idea of what the new SAT is about by now.
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Since the framework for understanding the new SAT is in place, the next
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step is to learn some general strategies to help you on the test.
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9
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9
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9
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9 13
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Chapter

2
Standard Test-Taking Tools
for Standardized Tests

Note

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Think
of
the
general
test-taking
strategies
in
this
chapter
as
the
hammer,
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9
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screwdriver, and pliers of test preparation. They are the basic tools that
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every good test-taker should carry in his or her test-prep utility belt. More
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specific tools are needed for certain jobs, but you always need the essential
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items at some point. Like a good carpenter, a good test-taker comes up with
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clever ways to use these tools in order to complete a task well.
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Pacing
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There are three major ways in which the new SAT can cause anxiety:
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1. The mysterious, unknown factor of the exam.
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2.
The
fact
that
the
test
effects
your
college
admissions
hopes.
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3.
The
timed
nature
of
the
test,
which
means
that
as
you
answer
each
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problem
TIME
IS
RUNNING
OUT!
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Lets look at the points above. Hopefully, the last chapter has addressed
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number 1 and helped reduce your anxiety about the test. Theres nothing
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you can do about number 2, so theres no point in worrying about it. That
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leaves number 3. This problem can be solved by pacing.
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There are circumstances under which extended test-taking time might
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be granted. These usually have to do with special conditions regarding
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the test-taker. In order to be eligible to take a test with extended time
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periods,
a
number
of
conditions
must
be
met.
If
you
feel
you
might
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qualify
for
one
of
these
exams,
visit
the
College
Board
Web
site
at:
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http://www.collegeboard.com/disable/students/html/indx000.html.
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9
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
14

Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests

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Pacing is the deceptively simple idea that you should give yourself an
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adequate
amount
of
time
to
attempt
every
question.
It
sounds
easy,
but
in
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9
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practice good pacing is harder to accomplish than you might think. The
9
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9
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problem
is
that
most
people
are
stuck
with
the
idea
that
they
must
answer
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9
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every question. To achieve this, they rush through the early questions in
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order to have more time to answer the harder questions at the end.
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There are many pitfalls with this plan. First, rushing through the easy and
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medium problems often leads to careless errors. You dont get extra credit
9
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for the harder questions, so if you miss the first question and get the last
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question right, youve done yourself little good. You would get the same
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score as someone who got the first (easy) question right and missed the
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really tough problem at the end. Second, the hard problems are hard for a
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reason. You could stare at some of them for three hours and still not come
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up with the right answer. This is especially true with some achievement
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tests.
If
the
question
is
testing
you
on
negative
exponents,
and
you
dont
9
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know how to handle negative exponents, then its unlikely youll solve this
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problem
in
the
regular
manner.
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You might be wondering what constitutes an easy, medium, or hard test
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question.
A
lot
of
this
depends
on
you,
since
everyone
has
strengths
and
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weaknesses. If you find a question tough, then its a tough question.
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Previous
SATs
have
had
questions
that
progress
in
order
from
easiest
to
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hardest.
The
first
third
are
easy,
the
middle
third
are
medium,
and
the
final
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third are the toughest problems. This may still be the case on the new SAT,
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but it doesnt apply neatly to every section. The Math sections are the best
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9
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fit, and you can expect a nice progression from easy to hard. The
9
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multiple-choice Writing section might be different, since there are three
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distinct question types. Each group of similar questions might go from easy
9
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to hard, although at this point theres no definitive word from ETS or the
9
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College Board about this. The situation is a little different in the Critical
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Reading
section
as
well.
The
questions
dont
vary
in
difficulty,
but
the
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9
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passages do. There will be some passages that are tougher or longer than
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others.
For
the
Critical
Reading
sections,
its
a
good
idea
to
flip
through
a
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9
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section at the beginning and glance at each of the passages. You might want
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9
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to
start
with
the
passage
thats
closest
to
your
interests.
You
can
also
start
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9
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with the passage that has the most questions attached to it. Whatever you
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do, dont believe that you must start with Question 1 and answer every
9
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question
in
order.
The
bottom
line
is:
Whether
or
not
a
question
is
tough
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9
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often boils down to your personal opinion. You should take charge and
9
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9
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answer
the
questions
in
a
way
that
works
best
for
you.
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9
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9 15
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part I: Understanding the SAT

Tip

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A standard pacing technique is the two-pass method where you go
9
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9
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through
a
section
twice.
On
the
first
pass,
the
goal
is
to
answer
all
the
9
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questions that do not pose too much difficulty. On the first pass, you want
9
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9
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to
spend
at
least
20
seconds
on
every
question,
since
you
dont
want
to
cut
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9
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corners and answer something too quickly. However, you dont want to
9
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9
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spend too long on any problem, either, since there might be simpler
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9
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problems
after
it.
Therefore,
spend
a
minute
on
a
problem,
and
if
you
cant
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9
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wrangle an answer in that time, mark it for later and move on. You want to
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look
for
easier
problems
before
spending
more
time
on
difficult
ones.
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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As you might expect, pacing is impossible if you cant tell the time. The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
best
plan
is
to
use
a
small,
non-beepy
digital
clock,
since
theres
no
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
guarantee that there will be a clock in plain view when you take the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
real exam. Make sure, though, that you check the list of approved
9
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timers from The College Board.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
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9
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The
second
pass
is
where
you
go
back
and
tackle
the
harder
problems
that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
were giving you grief. You can take extra time on the second pass. Again,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
though,
theres
no
point
in
spending
ten
minutes
on
a
single
question.
If
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
stare
at
a
problem
for
two
minutes
and
still
cannot
get
anywhere,
take
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
qualified guess and move on. Sometimes the extra time on the second pass
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
will
help
you
solve
the
problem,
but
sometimes
it
wont.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Ideally, you will finish your second pass with about three minutes
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
remaining. This will give you time to go over the section and check your
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answers. Use the opportunity to make sure you didnt fill in the wrong oval
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
somewhere or make some other simple mistake.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
That
explains
pacing.
Many
of
you
probably
do
it
a
bit
naturally.
On
every
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
practice section you take in this book, work on refining your pacing
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
approach.
Use
the
two-pass
system
and
see
how
many
easy
questions
you
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer after you leap over that first hard problem. Students who are good
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pacers
give
themselves
the
best
chance
to
answer
the
greatest
number
of
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
questions correctly.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now,
suppose
you
come
to
a
problem
on
the
second
pass
and
still
cant
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
figure it out. You dont want to spend any more time on it, but you dont
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
want to leave it blank either. What should you do?
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
16 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests

Tip

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Process
of
Elimination
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Using the process of elimination (POE) is probably not a new concept to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you. The idea is that you can eliminate some answer choices that you know
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are
wrong
and
then
take
a
guess
from
the
remaining
choices.
You
might
not
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
guess correctly on every problem, but you do increase your chances on
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
scoring
higher
over
the
course
of
the
whole
test.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
There is a guessing penalty for incorrect answers. This often discour9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ages students from being aggressive with their guessing. The guessing
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
penalty does negate points if you are simply taking a one-in-five stab at
9
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a question. But if you can eliminate even a single answer choice and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
then
guess,
the
law
of
averages
should
translate
into
more
points
over
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the course of the whole test. So if you can eliminate even a single answer
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choice,
you
should
take
a
guess
on
that
problem.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Even
though
people
understand
POE,
that
doesnt
mean
they
actually
use
it
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
on
the
test.
Once
the
pressure
gets
cranked
up,
POE
is
one
of
the
first
things
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to be jettisoned. Part of the problem lies in the one question-one solution
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
idea that is fixed in peoples minds. Before jumping into an SAT example of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
POE, lets first talk about multiple-choice tests and the mistake behind the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one question-one solution concept.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Suppose
your
history
teacher
stood
in
front
of
the
class
and
asked,
Who
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
won the naval Battle of Tsushima in 1905? Write your answer down on a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sheet
of
paper.
Theres
only
one
answer
to
this
question,
and
you
must
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
search through your brain to come up with it. Either you have the right fact
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in
your
head,
or
you
dont.
This
is
a
typical
one
question-one
solution
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem,
and
its
what
you
often
experience
in
school.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Yet
six
out
of
eight
sections
of
the
SAT
consist
of
multiple-choice
problems.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
With
a
multiple-choice
test,
the
correct
answer
is
given
to
you
for
every
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
question. Its already there, every time. The only problem is that it is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
surrounded by four incorrect answer choices. Still, since all the answers are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
there in front of you, you have ways of getting the correct answer other than
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
simply pulling the right fact from your head.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Who won the naval Battle of Tsushima in 1905?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A)
The
United
States
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B)
Japan
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) Russia
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(D)
Mongolia
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) China
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 17
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part I: Understanding the SAT

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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It would be great if you could pull the right fact out of your head, but it is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
not
the
end
of
the
world
if
you
cant.
Many
students
mistakenly
get
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
discouraged at this point, believing that there is only one way to answer it. If
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
get
nothing
else
from
this
section,
you
should
walk
away
with
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
knowledge that there is always more than one way to tackle an SAT
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If you cant pull the correct fact out of your head, try some POE. The United
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
States wasnt at war in 1905, so its unlikely that (A) is the answer. You
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
might not know much about the history of the other four countries, but you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
probably know some U.S. history, and a naval battle during a time when our
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
nation was at peace would stick out a bit. Choice (A) can be crossed out.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Take a guess at this point, or look over the other choices and search for
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
faults.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If
you
know
geography,
youll
realize
that
Mongolia
is
a
landlocked
nation.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Its doubtful a landlocked country would have a navy, isnt it? Choice (D)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
can
be
crossed
out.
Its
down
to
three
choices.
At
this
point,
you
can
go
a
bit
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
further
and
say
that
the
word
Tsushima
does
not
sound
very
Russian,
so
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you can eliminate (C). That leaves two remaining choices, (B) and (E), both
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of
which
are
pretty
good.
Take
a
qualified
guess
and
move
on.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Say you had it down to two choices and picked (B). The person next to you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
was named Bill, so he picked (B) because its the first letter of his name. The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
girl next to Bill actually knew that the Japanese defeated the Russians at the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Battle of Tsushima, so she picked (B) also. All three of you got the right
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer, but you took different paths to get there. However, the path you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
take doesnt matter on a multiple-choice test. All that matters is marking in
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the correct oval, and POE can help you do that.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Heres an SAT math question from earlier. The number 24 has been placed
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in
front
of
it,
but
otherwise
the
question
is
the
same.
The
question
number
is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
important,
since
it
shows
that
this
is
one
of
the
later,
and,
theoretically,
more
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
difficult questions in a section. On a tougher question, finding the correct
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer
will
NOT
be
as
easy
as
simply
looking
at
the
numbers
in
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
question and picking an answer choice that has the same number.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
24.
5
144,
what
is
the
value
of
x?
If
x
=
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A)
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B)
12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) 36
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D)
144
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) 1728
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
18 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests

Alert!

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Lets look at the answer choices. Choice (D) is out, since it just takes the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
number
144
from
the
question
itself
and
places
it
in
the
answer
choice.
Also,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
if you multiply 3 144 you get 36, choice (C). But the whole problem is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
filled
with
exponents
and
square
roots,
so
the
answer
will
not
be
found
by
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
simply multiplying the two numbers you do have together. Choice (C) can
9
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9
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be eliminated.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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To
earn
your
new
SAT
merit
badge,
you
must
understand
why
choice
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D) is there. It has been placed there as a trap for students looking for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a quick answer. On easy questions, many times the correct answer can
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
be found very simply. But on a hard question, the opposite is true. Any
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
numbers
that
appear
in
the
question
itself
are
very
likely
to
be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
incorrect. If you have to guess, cross these choices out and then pick
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
from
the
ones
remaining.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Many
of
you
might
stop
and
take
a
guess
right
here,
which
would
be
fine.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Others might pull out their calculators and figure out what the square root
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
144)
is.
It
works
out
to
144
5
12,
which
is
answer
(B).
You
of
144
(
=
=
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
could pick (B) if youre willing to forget that freaky exponent above the
9
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3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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variable x. Keep in mind that mathematicians arent allowed to forget
9
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9
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things they dont like, which means that (B) is probably not the right answer
9
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either. Take a guess from the two remaining choices. The answer is (E).
9
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9
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9
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This
is
just
one
way
you
can
use
POE
on
a
math
problem.
There
are
other
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
POE techniques for the Math, Reading, and Grammar sections, and theyll
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
be
discussed
throughout
the
book.
For
now,
just
be
sure
to
move
away
from
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the one-problem one-solution mindset. Keeping this rigid idea around does
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
no
good.
Instead,
if
you
find
yourself
unsure
of
how
to
proceed
on
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
question,
snap
down
to
the
answer
choices.
Your
goal
is
to
separate
the
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
correct answer from the four impostors, so if you can eliminate any choices,
9
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9
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you
are
on
the
right
path.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Using POE in the Reading section is often about looking for the bland while
9
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9
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eliminating the spicy. In general, correct answers are:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Vaguely positive and upbeat
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

Vaguely
worded
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A nice paraphrase of what was written in the passage
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 19
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part I: Understanding the SAT

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9
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9
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9
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The SAT is taken by bazillions of students each year, and the College Board
9
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9
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cant
afford
to
be
controversial
or
edgy
in
any
way.
So
the
reading
passages
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are on safe, noncontroversial topics, and the answers are similarly bland
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
noncontroversial.
With
this
in
mind,
in
many
instances
you
can
look
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
over the answer choices and eliminate any that are too negative or strongly
9
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9
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worded.
9
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9
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9
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The experiment described in the third paragraph helps the author
9
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9
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prove that
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(A) the scientists are unwilling to accept new ideas.
9
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9
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(B) mainstream opinion had little effect on peoples feelings
9
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9
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(C)
educators
were
not
interested
in
the
subject.
9
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9
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(D) the old popular belief actually had some basis in fact.
9
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9
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(E)
the
new
theory
was
wholly
original.
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9
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9
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It doesnt matter that you have no idea what the experiment is. All you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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need
to
do
is
peruse
the
answer
choices
and
get
rid
of
the
answers
that
are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
negative,
radical,
or
controversial.
Take
choice
(A).
This
statement
is
not
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
very pro-education, is it? It claims that scientists, people devoted to learning
9
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9
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new truths, are unwilling to accept new ideas. This radical, anti-education
9
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9
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stance is not going to be the right answer on a national standardized test like
9
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9
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the SAT. You can cross it out. Choice (C) can be crossed out for the same
9
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anti-educational stance.
9
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9
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9
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Choices (E) and (D) provide a good contrast, and they show the difference
9
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9
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between
a
likely
answer
and
an
unlikely
one.
Choice
(E)
uses
strong
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
wording, claiming the theory was wholly original. That means if only one
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tiny,
tiny
part
of
the
theory
was
NOT
original,
then
answer
choice
(E)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
would
be
incorrect.
Since
it
would
be
hard
to
prove
that
every
single
facet
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the theory was wholly original, choice (E) can be eliminated for being too
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
extreme.
In
contrast,
choice
(D)
uses
the
phrase
some
basis
in
fact.
It
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
doesnt say it was totally, completely based in fact. Saying this would make
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
it
hard
to
prove.
However,
saying
only
that
it
has
some
basis
in
fact
makes
it
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
much easier to prove. It means that if you can find a single thing that has
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
basis in fact, you have some basis in fact. This means choice (D) is a nice,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
vaguely worded answer that doesnt say anything too radical or controver9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sial. If you had to choose between (B) and (D), choice (D) would be your
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
best guess.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Using
POE
on
the
Math
and
Reading
portions
of
the
SAT
is
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
straightforward process. You will find and can eliminate extreme answer
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choices
on
the
SAT
Reading,
and
answers
that
consist
of
numbers
exactly
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
like those in the question in the SAT Math section. Using POE in the Writing
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
20 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 2: Standard Test-Taking Tools for Standardized Tests

Note

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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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section is not quite so helpful for two main reasons. One is that half of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Writing
section
is
an
essay,
and
theres
no
way
to
use
the
process
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
elimination on an essay. The second problem deals with the fact that the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Writing
portion
of
the
test
is
very
new.
This
makes
it
impossible
to
spot
any
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
common incorrect choices that appear time and time again.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Yet
although
POE
is
not
as
helpful
on
the
Writing
section,
it
still
can
be
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
used. Many incorrect choices in the multiple-choice portion of the SAT
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Writing section are based on the idea that grammar is hard, so the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
hard-looking answer must be correct. Very few Americansand this
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
includes some English teacherstruly believe that they are good at taming
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the seven-headed monster known as English Grammar. These individuals
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
might fall for the very, very complicated answer simply because they believe
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
grammar is difficult and complicated. However, extremely complicated
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answers are often incorrect and should be eliminated using POE.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Remember,
most
of
us
are
better
at
grammar
than
we
think,
and
we
use
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
right word even when we cant explain exactly why that word is right. So if
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
dont
know
the
exact
answer
to
a
grammar
problem
you
should
always
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
trust your ear, and it will guide to the right answer more often than not.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
We
were
hoping
to
catch
the
opening
act
of
the
concert,
but
car
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
troubles cause us to be 30 minutes late to the show.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) cause us to be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) are causing us to have been
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) caused us to be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D)
will
be
causing
us
to
be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) are having to cause us to be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This is one of the new SAT question types known officially as
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
improving
sentences.
You
are
given
a
sentence
with
an
underlined
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
portion
that
may
or
may
not
contain
a
grammatical
error.
If
you
think
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
theres no error, you pick choice (A), which is an exact copy of the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
original
underlined
phrase.
If
you
think
there
is
an
error,
your
goal
is
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choose the answer that corrects the grammatical mistake.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
This sentence probably doesnt sound right to you, so trust your ear and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
eliminate choice (A). Choices (B), (D), and (E) are all filled with many small
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
words and they sound impressive, or at least complicated. But none of them
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are the right answer. The tense of the verb cause is incorrect, since cause is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
present tense and the troubles happened in the past. All you need to fix the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sentence
is
the
past
tense,
caused,
which
is
choice
(C).
The
other
choices
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 21
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part I: Understanding the SAT

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9
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9
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create complicated verb tenses by using have, having, will, and -ing, but
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grammar
isnt
always
that
complicated
and
wordy.
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Therefore, if you find yourself struggling on a tough grammar problem,
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cross
out
one
or
two
of
the
most
complicated
answer
choices,
and
then
take
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your best guess. With POE, you wont always get the right answer, but over
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the
course
of
the
whole
SAT
you
will
increase
your
chances
of
scoring
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higher.
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Now that weve reviewed some of the most basic test-taking strategies and
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considered how they apply to the three main sections of the new SAT, youre
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ready to take the diagnostic test in Chapter 3.
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www.petersons.com

Part

II
Diagnosing Strengths and
Weaknesses
Chapter 3: The DiagnosticTest Driving
the New SAT 24

PART II

Chapter

3
The Diagnostic
Test Driving the New SAT
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At
this
point,
you
should
have
a
good
general
idea
about
what
the
new
SAT
is
like.
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You should know the basic format of the test and understand the idea behind
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pacing and process of elimination.
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9
Before diving into the subject-review sections, in chapters 47, its a good idea to
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take a sample SAT at this point. There are four reasons for this:
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1.
Youll
get
a
rough
idea
of
how
you
might
do
if
you
were
to
take
the
real
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new SAT without studying anything.
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2.
You
can
determine
your
SAT
strengths
and
weaknesses.
There
will
be
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some sections you ace, and others you have a lot of trouble with. This
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knowledge
can
be
used
to
fine-tune
your
study
plans.
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3. No matter how you do on the diagnostic, it doesnt count.
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4. Really, it doesnt count.
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Points 3 and 4 are there for a reason. Some people take a practice test, dont do as
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well
as
they
had
hoped,
and
then
freak
out.
Its
just
a
practice
test,
nothing
more.
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The
diagnostic
is
like
a
photographic
snapshot,
giving
you
an
idea
about
your
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9
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relative SAT strengths and weaknesses at this one moment in time. You can then
9
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use
this
information
to
help
guide
your
studying.
Simply
put,
you
want
to
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determine your weak points, and then focus on shoring up your knowledge in
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these
areas.
Improving
your
weaker
points
will
translate
to
a
higher
score
on
the
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9
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real test.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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24

Chapter 3: The DiagnosticTest Driving the New SAT

Note

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9
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Where
Did
We
Get
This
New
SAT?
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9
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We made this practice test up, but that doesnt mean we just took a
9
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9
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wild guess. The College Board has released some morsels of
9
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9
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information
about
the
new
SAT,
and
every
morsel
was
used
to
create
a
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test that closely resembles the real SAT in as many ways as possible.
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9
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Information
about
the
relevant
SAT
II
tests
was
also
included
in
the
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9
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creation of this diagnostic, along with decades of experience in the
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test-preparation field. The result is a diagnostic exam that will give you
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9
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a very goodbut not perfectidea of what it will be like to take the
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new SAT.
9
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9
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9
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Quiet on the Set
9
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9
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You
should
try
to
take
this
diagnostic
under
actual
SAT
conditions.
It
would
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9
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be nice to get up during a section and chat with your friends on the phone,
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9
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but
you
dont
get
to
do
that
on
the
real
test.
Ideally,
you
will
block
out
three
9
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9
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hours of time on a weekend morning in a place where you wont be
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9
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bothered or interrupted. Then you can take the exam exactly as you will
9
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take the real SAT. This sounds like torture, but you will be amazed at how
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much this can help prepare you for the real test. Most students arent used
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to getting up early on a Saturday morning and taking a long test, so getting
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some practice at doing this really does a great deal of good.
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However, while taking the whole test on a Saturday is ideal, many people
9
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have
such
busy
lives
that
this
is
impossible.
You
might
not
be
able
to
take
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9
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the whole SAT in one shot, but you should still try to take each section
9
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under
timed
conditions.
This
will
give
you
an
accurate
idea
of
the
time
you
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9
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have
to
answer
the
questions
in
each
section.
Timing
yourself
on
the
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9
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diagnostic gives you a chance to work on your pacing, so remember to use
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the
two-pass
system
for
every
section.
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When you finish the entire diagnostic, turn to page 72 and check
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your answers. Use the results to formulate a study plan that best suits
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you. Here are some of the kinds of questions you can ask about each
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particular section.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 25
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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9
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Questions
to
Ask
Yourself
about
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9
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Your Critical Reading Diagnostic Score
9
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9
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1.
How
did
I
do
on
the
Sentence
Completions
problems?
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a. Did I do better or worse on the two-blank problems? If you did worse
9
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on the two-blank problems, you might be looking at both blanks at the
9
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same
time.
Looking
over
the
techniques
described
starting
on
page
87
9
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9
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will help you correct this approach.
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2.
How
did
I
do
on
the
Reading
passages
questions?
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a. Did I do better or worse on the longer passages? Suppose you answered
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many of the paragraph-length questions right, but missed questions on
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9
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the
longer
passages.
This
could
mean
that
you
are
skimming
through
the
9
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9
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longer passages too quickly and not spending enough time on these
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9
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problems. To correct this, you would want to spend more time on these
9
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passages.
This
might
mean
you
skip
reading
one
passage
and
just
guess
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9
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on those questions, but overall it will help you answer more problems
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9
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correctly.
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b. Which passage did I enjoy reading the most? How well did I answer
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those
questions?
Most
people
pay
more
attention
to
subjects
they
like,
9
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9
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so they end up answering questions about it correctly. If this is the case
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with you, make it a point to go through every subsequent Reading
9
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9
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section
and
start
with
the
passages
you
like
the
most.
Of
course,
there
9
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9
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might not be any passages that you like, but there should be some
9
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subjects that you hate less than others.
9
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9
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9
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3.
How
many
questions
did
I
answer
on
the
first
pass?
How
many
of
these
did
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
I get correct? If you missed a lot of questions you thought you answered
9
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correctly, your problem is one of speed. You are probably going too fast and
9
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9
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picking
wrong
answers
that
look
great
but
are
actually
traps
meant
to
snare
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
people in a rush. Slow down, take the time to do the work needed (like
9
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looking back in the passage for the right answer), and dont worry so much
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
about
speed.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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4. How much time did I have for the second pass? Did I have enough time to
9
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review the section?
9
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9
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9
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5. How often did I use POE when forced to make an educated guess? If the
9
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9
answer is never, you should go back and look at the problems you
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
missed.
Think
about
the
answer
choices
and
decide
if
there
were
any
you
9
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9
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could have eliminated for being too extreme.
9
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9
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6. Was I better at Sentence Completions or the Reading questions? You can
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
look
at
being
better
as
either
having
more
correct
answers
or
a
greater
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
percentage of correct answers. There might not be a big difference between
9
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9
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the two question types. If there is a big difference, spend some extra time on
9
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the
question
type
you
had
trouble
with.
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9
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26 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 3: The Diagnostic: Test Driving the New SAT

Note

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9
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9
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9
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You should ask similar questions for the other two sections. For Math, look
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
at
where
your
mistakes
occurred.
Were
your
mistakes
in
the
easy,
medium,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or hard section? If you have more than two wrong answers in the easy
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
section,
you
need
to
look
over
those
problems.
It
is
likely
that
you
are
going
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
too fast or not doing enough work on these problems. Remember that the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
best way to improve your math score is to eliminate mistakes on the easy
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
medium
problems,
not
get
more
hard
questions
correct.
Your
score
will
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
increase if you make no errors on the easy problems, get most of the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
medium
problems
correct,
and
then
attack
the
hard
questions
with
some
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tough work and a sprinkling of educated guesses.
9
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9
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9
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9
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For
Math,
you
can
also
look
to
see
if
there
is
any
particular
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
subjectlike geometry or algebrathat you are having trouble with.
9
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9
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Sometimes this is not easy to determine, since there are few SAT
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
questions that draw on concepts from only one math area. Solving
9
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most questions requires knowledge of several subjects. Even so, over
9
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9
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three Math sections you should be able to look at the problems you
9
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9
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missed
and
spot
a
pattern
if
there
is
one.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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The
Writing
section
is
the
hardest
one
to
diagnose.
You
can
always
take
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your essay and ask someone to review it for you. This person could be a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
teacher,
a
fellow
student,
or
a
parent.
Just
ask
nicely
and
understand
that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
any criticism you receive will help you to write a better essay for the real
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
SAT. The multiple-choice Writing section is only approximately 25
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
questions, so it wont be as easy to determine if theres a pattern to your
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mistakes. Look over this section in two ways. First, the section has three
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
different question types, so look to see how well you did with each question
9
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type. Is there a question type you are strongest at, or one that you have the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
most trouble with? Modify your study plans accordingly. Second, look over
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your incorrect answers and see if theres a connection. For example, do all
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your mistakes concern pronouns, or do you have trouble with verbs? Again,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this information can help you modify your study plans to shore up any
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
weak
areas.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
When
youre
ready
to
take
the
test:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1. Grab some scratch paper and some Number 2 pencils.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. Unplug/turn off the phone.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. Get out your timer.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4.
Start
the
Diagnostic.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 27
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Answer Sheets

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

12

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
O

E
O

11

A
O

E
O

19

A
O

E
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

28

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

29

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

15

A
O

23

A
O

E
O

30

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

23

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

11

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

18

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

SECTION

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

E
O

28

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

Answer Sheets

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

For Questions 113:

Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored.
You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.

10

11

12

13

29

Diagnostic

Test
Section 1
20 Questions j Time25 Minutes
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7
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7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions:
Read
each
of
the
passages
carefully,
then
answer
the
questions
that
come
after
them.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
outside
knowledge
to
answer
the
questionsall
the
material
you
will
need
will
be
in
the
passage
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
itself.
In
some
cases,
you
will
be
asked
to
read
two
related
passages
and
answer
questions
about
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Questions
12
are
based
on
the
following
1.
The
passage
makes
clear
that
writers
other
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12passage.
than
Homer
describe
Achilless
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) childhood as different than Homers
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
Iliad, one of the great works of the ancient
12The
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1Greek
description.
poet Homer, relates the story of Achilles.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12As
(B) closest friend as not being Patroclus.
Homer tells it, Achilles was the son of
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(C) succession to the Myrmidonian
122Peleus,
king of the Myrmidons of Phthia in
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
throne as going unchallenged.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122Thessaly.
His paternal grandfather Aeacus was,
7
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(D) primary instructors as his mother
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1according
to
the
legend
recounted
in
the
Iliad,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and
father
and
not
Phoenix
and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1the
son
of
Zeus
himself.
The
story
of
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Chiron.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12childhood
of Achilles in Homer differs from
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
childhood
in
more
detail
than
does
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1that
given
by
later
writers.
According
to
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Homer.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1Homer,
Achilles was brought up by his mother
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12in
Phthia
with
his
cousin
and
intimate
friend
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2.
According
to
the
passage,
Peleuss
father
was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122Patroclus.
Achilles
learned
the
arts
of
war
and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12eloquence
(A)
Phthia
from Phoenix, while Chiron (a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Patroclus
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Centaur)
taught him music and medicine.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
Aeacus
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) Chiron
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
Zeus
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
30

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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7
12
The Address is an English parliamentary
Questions 510 are based on the following
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
term for the reply to the speech of the sovereign
passage.
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
at the opening of a new parliament or session.
In this passage the author, a historian, argues 7
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
There are certain formalities that distinguish
that the construction of Egypts pyramids is 7
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7
12
this stage of parliamentary proceedings. The
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
readily
explainable.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
speech
of
the
sovereign,
or
the
kings
speech,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
Line Even though thousands of years have
12
itself is divided into three sections. The first,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
passed since their construction, the
7
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addressed
to
My
Lords,
touches
on
foreign
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
pyramids
of
Egypts
Nile
basin
still
evoke
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
affairs. The second, to the Gentlemen of the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
awe and wonder at their magnitude and 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
House
of
Commons,
discusses
financial
issues
7
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(5)
majesty. The pyramids prove that the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
related
to
the
Treasury.
The
third,
to
My
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Egyptians of that early day had attained 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Lords and Gentlemen, outlines the proposed
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
a
knowledge
of
practical
mechanics
7
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legislation
for
the
session.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
which,
even
from
the
twentieth-century
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
point of view, is not to be spoken of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3. According to the passage, The Address
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
lightly.
It
is
amazing
to
think
that
until
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
is
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the introduction of skyscrapers in the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
twentieth
century,
these
ancient
pyramids
(A)
sovereign
speaking
to
the
Parliament
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ranked as some of the tallest manmade
(B) House of Lords addressing the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
structures ever built.
House of Commons
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(15)
It has sometimes been suggested that 7
(C)
Parliament
replying
to
a
speech
of
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
these mighty pyramids, built as they are
the sovereign
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of
great
blocks
of
stone,
speak
to
an
(D)
Parliament
addressing
the
English
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
almost miraculous knowledge on the part 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
public
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of their builders. Theories about extrater- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(E) House of Commons replying to the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(20)
restrial help have been put forth to
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7
12
inquiries of the House of Lords
7
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explain
the
Egyptians
accomplishment.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
These theories make for good storytell4. Which of the following might be included
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ing,
but
have
absolutely
no
basis
in
truth.
in
the
third
section
of
the
kings
speech?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
A saner assessment of the conditions can 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) trade relations with France
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
be
found
in
the
writings
of
Diodorus.
A
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
foreign
debt
7
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Sicilian,
Diodorus
lived
centuries
after
7
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(C) the appointment of a new head of
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the Great Pyramids were constructed, so 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the Treasury
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
he
does
not
provide
an
eyewitness
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) business growth in urban settings
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
account. Even so, his explanation strikes 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) a newly proposed bill to readjust
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(30)
many
as
being
very
plausible.
7
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education spending
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
In his famous Worlds History
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
written nearly two thousand years ago,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Diodorus explains the building of the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
pyramids by suggesting that great
7
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(35)
quantities of earth were piled against the 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
side of the rising structure to form an
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
inclined plane. The massive blocks of
7
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12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 31
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
stone used to build the pyramids were
5. It is clear from the passage that the author 7
7
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7
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then dragged up this slanted surface.
views the Egyptian pyramids as
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122(40)
Diodorus gives us certain figures, based,
(A) a great feat of engineering.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
doubtless, on reports made to him by
(B) easily reproducible with current
7
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Egyptian priests, who in turn drew upon
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
technologies.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
traditions
of
their
country,
perhaps
7
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(C) the supreme expression of the Egyp7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
even upon written records no longer
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tian
exaltation
of
their
pharaohs.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(45)
preserved.
He
says
that
as
much
as
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
a
mechanical
failure
since
they
are
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
120,000 people were employed in the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
losing their original shape.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
construction
of
the
largest
pyramids,
and
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
a
marked
advance
in
the
use
of
sand
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that,
notwithstanding
the
size
of
this
host
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
materials in ancient construction.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of workers, such tasks still required
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(50)
twenty
or
more
years
to
complete.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6. The author uses Diodoruss writings
7
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Of course, we must not place too
primarily to
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
much
dependence
upon
such
figures
as
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
argue
that
the
Egyptian
priests
were
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
these.
Ancient
historians
were
not
as
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
instrumental
in
the
construction
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
fastidious as contemporary historians in
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
pyramids.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(55)
recording numbers and figures. But this
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
help
date
the
building
of
the
pyramids.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
does not mean Diodorus is not an
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) illustrate the imprecision of ancient
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
important source of information on the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
historians.
7
construction of the pyramids. We need
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) argue that the building of the
not doubt that he is generally accurate in
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(60)
pyramids
is
explainable
in
terms
of
his outlines of the methods used to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
technologies
available
to
the
construct
the
pyramids.
Imagine
a
host
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ancient Egyptians.
workers numbering in the tens of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) argue that the obelisks were the most 7
thousands.
Their
combined
weight
and
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
difficult of the ancient structures to
strength could be applied to the task and
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(65)
build.
supplemented
with
the
aid
of
ropes,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
pulleys,
rollers,
and
levers.
With
the
help
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7. The word saner line 24, without
7
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of the inclined plane, these workers could
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
changing
the
meaning
of
the
sentence,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
undoubtedly
move,
elevate,
and
place
in
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
could
be
replaced
with
7
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position the largest blocks that were used
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(70)
to
construct
the
pyramids.
Using
simple
(A)
more
stable
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
human muscle aided by basic tools, these
(B) more articulate
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
workers could even raise the most
(C) more reasonable
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
gigantic obelisks, without the aid of any
(D) hardier
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
other kind of mechanism or occult
(E) more elusive
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(75)
power. These same human hands could,
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
as Diodorus suggests, remove all trace of
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the debris of construction and leave the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
pyramids and obelisks standing in weird
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
isolation,
as
if
sprung
into
being
through
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(80)
a miracle.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
32 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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7
12
8. The authors attitude towards the hypothQuestions 1120 are based on the following
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
esis that the construction of the pyramids
passage.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
is unexplainable is one of
The following excerpts have been adapted from 7
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12
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7
12
(A) tentative acceptance
an autobiography of Theodore Roosevelt, an 7
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12
7
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(B) firm denial
American president from the early twentieth 7
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12
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7
12
(C) mild skepticism
century.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
stated
indecision
7
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Line
Sometime
around
1644,
Klaes
Martensen
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7
12
(E)
exclusive
allegiance
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
van Roosevelt came from Holland to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
New
Amsterdam,
now
New
York
City.
7
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9. All of the following are problems regard34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
For
the
next
seven
generations,
every
one
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ing the credibility of Diodorus that the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(5)
of us was born on Manhattan Island. On 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
author of the passage addresses EXCEPT
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
October 27, 1858, I was born at No. 28 7
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7
12
(A) Diodoruss work took over twenty
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
East Twentieth Street, New York City.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
years to complete.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
My father, Theodore Roosevelt, was 7
7
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(B) Diodoruss work was written centuries
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the best man I ever knew. He combined
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
after the pyramids were constructed.
(10)
strength and courage with gentleness and 7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) Diodorus does not provide mathgreat unselfishness. He would not
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ematical
detail.
tolerate
in
his
children
selfishness,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Diodoruss history was based on the
idleness, cowardice, or untruthfulness. As 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
writing of priests, which was based
we grew older he also made us under34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
on oral history.
(15)
stand that the same standard of clean
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
Some
of
Diodoruss
descriptions
are
living
was
demanded
for
boys
as
for
girls.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
exaggerated.
With great love and patience, he com34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
bined insistence on discipline. He never
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
10. Based on the authors beliefs about the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
physically
punished
me
but
once,
yet
he
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
construction
of
the
Egyptian
pyramids
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(20)
was the only man of whom I was ever
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
author would most likely view the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
really
afraid.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
building
of
other
pyramids
by
ancient
7
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My
father
worked
hard
at
his
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
civilizations as
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
business, and he died when he was
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
forty-six. He was interested in every
(A)
explainable
by
undiscovered
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
social reform movement, and he did an
technologies.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
immense
amount
of
charitable
work
(B)
unexplainable
since
we
do
not
have
7
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himself. He was a big, powerful man,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
direct evidence of their building
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
with
his
heart
filled
with
gentleness
for
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
techniques.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
those who needed help or protection, and 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) mysterious since we know of no com34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(30)
with the possibility of much wrath
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
munication between the Egyptians and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
against a bully or an oppressor.
these other ancient civilizations.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
My
father
was
particularly
interested
(D) explainable by use of the technolo7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
in a lodging house for underprivileged
gies we know they possessed.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
boys
and
in
getting
the
children
off
the
(E) explainable by reference to the
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(35)
city
streets
and
out
on
farms
in
the
West.
governmental
systems
of
these
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
At very early ages we children were taken 7
civilizations.
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7
12
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7 33
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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7
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with him to help at the lodging house.
By the time I left college and entered
7
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7
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When I was President, the Governor of
the big world, I owed more than I can
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Alaska under me was one of these boys
(80)
express to the training I had received,
7
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7
12(40)
who had been sent from New York out
especially in my own home. But I still
7
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West by my father.
had much to learn if I were to become
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
While
still
a
small
boy
I
began
to
take
really
fitted
to
do
my
part
in
the
work
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
an interest in natural history. At once, I
that lay ahead for my generation of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(85)
began
to
write
a
natural
history.
It
was
Americans.
I
had,
consciously
or
uncon7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(45)
written down in a blank book wholly
sciously, been taught that socially and
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
unscientifically
and
in
simplified
spelling.
industrially
pretty
much
the
whole
duty
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
After that, my two cousins and I
of the man lay in thus making the best of 7
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
promptly started what we ambitiously
himselfthat he should be honest in his
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(90)
called
the
Roosevelt
Museum
of
dealings
with
others
and
charitable
to
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(50)
Natural History. The collections were at
unfortunate, but that it was no part of
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
first
kept
in
my
room,
and
later
moved
his
business
to
join
with
others
in
trying
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
up to a bookcase in the back hall. My
to make things better for the many by
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
father and mother encouraged me
curbing the excessive development of
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(95)
warmly in this, as they always did in
individualism in a few. Now I do not
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12(55)
anything that could give me wholesome
mean that this training was by any means 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
pleasure or help to develop me.
all bad. But such teaching, if not cor7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
Quite unknown to myself, I was,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rected by other teaching, means acquies7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
while a boy, under a hopeless disadvancence in a riot of lawless business
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(100) individualism which would be as
tage in studying nature. I was very
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(60)
near-sighted.
I
realized
it
when
one
day
destructive
to
real
civilization
as
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
my friends read aloud an advertisement
lawless military individualism of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in
huge
letters
on
a
distant
billboard.
Not
Dark
Ages.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
only was I unable to read the sign, but I
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
could
not
even
see
the
letters.
I
spoke
of
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
11. From the sentence beginning He was a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(65)
this
to
my
father,
and
soon
afterwards
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
big . . . (lines 2728), it can be inferred
7
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got my first pair of spectacles, which
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that Theodore Roosevelts father
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
opened
an
entirely
new
world
to
me.
I
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
got
a
thrill
from
his
power
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
had been a clumsy and awkward little
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
was
physically
large,
but
sweet7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
boy,
and
a
good
deal
of
it
had
been
due
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tempered
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(70)
to the fact that I could not see. The
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
had
a
great
deal
of
money
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
recollection of this experience gives me a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
was
provoked
by
weakness
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
keen sympathy for those who are trying
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
could
be
frightening
when
he
had
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in our public schools and elsewhere to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
good reason to be
remove the physical causes of deficiency
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(75)
in children, who are often unjustly
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
blamed for being obstinate or unambi7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tious.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
12. Which of the following best describes
16. It can be inferred from the passage that
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7
12
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7
12
Roosevelts tone in the passage?
which of the following was a lesson
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7
12
Roosevelt learned from his father?
(A) genuine
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12
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7
12
(B) somber
(A) It is especially important for men to 7
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12
7
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(C) adamant
have strong morals.
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(D) reactionary
(B) Society must have safeguards to
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(E)
self-important
protect
the
poor.
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7
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(C) Individuals have a moral duty to
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7
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13. The word ambitiously in line 48,
strive to their highest possible level
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7
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paragraph 5 primarily serves to convey
of
achievement.
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7
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(D) Children who struggle in school
(A) the strength of Roosevelts desire to
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7
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deserve
patience
and
compassion.
become an important man
7
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(E)
Intellectual
pursuit
is
more
important
(B)
the
young
age
at
which
Roosevelt
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7
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than sport.
planned to found a museum
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7
12
7
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(C)
Roosevelts
admiration
for
his
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7
12
17.
Roosevelts
ultimate
purpose
in
the
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7
12
fathers successes
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7
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passage is to
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7
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(D)
the
insignificance
of
Roosevelts
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7
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collection
(A) provide an explanation for having
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7
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(E) Roosevelts love of adult vocabulary
ideas that might otherwise seem
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7
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contradictory
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7
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14. The purpose of paragraph 5 is to show
(B) demonstrate that he is an average
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7
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that Roosevelts interest in natural history
American
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7
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(C) celebrate his father
(A) was an outgrowth of his love of
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7
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7
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(D) justify his establishment of a school
reading
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12
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7
12
for underprivileged boys
(B)
was
unschooled
and
nave
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(E) explain his shift from natural
(C) was a precursor to his passion for
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7
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sciences
to
politics
politics
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7
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(D) was rigorous from the outset
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18. In line 94, paragraph 7, curbing most
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(E) was an expression of genius
7
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nearly
means
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7
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15. Roosevelt includes the detail about the
(A) supplanting
7
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7
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governor of Alaska in order to emphasize
sidetracking
(B)
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7
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(C) curtailing
(A) how successful his fathers program
7
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7
12
(D) spurring
was
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(E) condemning
(B)
how
connected
his
father
was
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politically
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(C)
how
far
west
they
sent
the
boys
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12
7
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(D) how humble the governors back34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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ground was
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(E)
how
generous
Roosevelt
was
as
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president
7
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12
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7 35
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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7
1219.
The main idea of paragraph 7 can best be
20. The author includes the phrase con7
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expressed as
sciously or unconsciously (lines 8586,
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7
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paragraph 7) to emphasize that
(A) Roosevelt would later reject the idea
7
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that all business dealings must be
(A) he was still too young to have a
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
honest.
concrete
understanding
of
these
7
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(B) Roosevelt had concluded that
opinions
7
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7
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individual
enterprise
was
ruthless.
(B)
his
teachers
had
been
very
insistent
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(C) Roosevelt would later conclude that
on the value of the individual
7
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individual success was not as
(C) his desire to be successful was an
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
important
as
his
father
thought.
unconscious
attempt
to
please
his
7
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7
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(D) Roosevelt would later decide that
father
7
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7
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government
has
to
limit
individual
(D)
he
had
been
taught
in
a
variety
of
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profit to protect the poor.
ways
7
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7
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(E) Roosevelt had established all of his
(E) his mentors were not heartless
7
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7
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important views by the time he
7
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7
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finished college.
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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7
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36 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 2
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

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12
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7
12
Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
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7
12
7
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Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
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12
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12
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7
12
Notes:
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7
12
7
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1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
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12
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7
12
2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
2s
r
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7
12
2x
w
r
s
x
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7
12
c
h
h
h b
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7
12
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7
12
w
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7
12
s
2
b
3x
a
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7
12
A 5 pr
1
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7
12
2
2
2
2
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7
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12
2
7
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7
12
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
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7
12
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
7
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7
12
The
sum
of
the
measures
in
degrees
of
the
angles
of
a
triangle
is
180.
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12
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12
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7
12
1. If 3(x 1 y 1 z) 2 y 5 3z 1 2y 1 12 then
2. If a bolt machine makes three bolts every 7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x5
5 seconds, how many bolts will the
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
machine
make
in
ten
minutes?
7
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(A)
2
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12
7
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(B) 3
(A) 100
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
4
(B)
160
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7
12
(D) 5
(C) 240
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7
12
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7
12
(E) 6
(D) 360
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 600
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
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45

60

30

37

45

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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7
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3.
7. What is the area of a right triangle with
7
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7
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one side of length 6 and a hypotenuse of
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
length 10?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 20
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
24
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 30
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
36
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
If
the
measure
of
A
is
50,
what
is
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
48
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
value of y?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
8.
(A)
40
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 50
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
80
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 85
O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 100
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4. Which of the following numbers is a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
multiple of 3 and 9?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
Circle O in the above figure has a diam1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
127
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
eter
of
6.
If
the
central
angle
formed
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 231
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
measures 60, what is the length of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
267
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
intercepted
arc?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 684
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
775
p
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
A.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
5. What is the distance between P (3, 2) and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
B. p
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Q (0, 1)?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3p
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 2
C.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 3
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
D. 2p
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) =10
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
E.
3p
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
11
(D)
=
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
(E) 4
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
9. A stocks price went up 25 percent in the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
first
half
of
a
year
and
then
went
down
20
2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
then
which
of
the
following
6.
If
f(x)
5
3
2
x
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
percent
in
the
second
half
of
the
year.
For
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
values are outside the range of f(x)?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the entire year, the price
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
24
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) decreased by 10 percent.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 22
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) decreased by 5 percent.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 0
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) did not change.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 2
(D) increased by 5 percent.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 4
(E) increased by 10 percent.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
38 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
10. In a certain school there are x halls each
13.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
with y classrooms. Each classroom has
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
z desks. Which of the following correctly
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
expresses the number of desks in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the school?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) x 1 yz
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
y(x
1
z)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) xyz
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
In the figure above the line is tangent to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) x(y 1 z)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
circle.
If
ma
is
45
degrees,
and
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
x
1
y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
radius
of
the
circle
is
5,
what
is
the
=
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
length of the hypotenuse of the triangle?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
11. The perimeter of a square is 20. What is
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the shortest distance between opposite
(A) =2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
corners?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) =3
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
5
(C) 3
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 5=2
(D) =10
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
8
(E)
5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 5=3
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
14.
x
4
2x
5
x
4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 10
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
12.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
In the figure above if AC is 3x 1 7, what 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
is CD?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
6
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 3
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
x
1
3
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) x 1 6
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
15. There are three routes from Stuben to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
If in the figure above A and B are squares,
Tejanos. There are three routes from
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and the area of A is sixteen. What is the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Tejanos to Verona. There are four routes
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
area of B?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
from
Verona
to
Galson.
If
a
driver
is
to
go
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 0.25
from Stuben to Galson, only passing
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
1
through
Tejanos
and
Verona
once,
how
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 2.25
many different possible routes are there?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
10
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
9
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
16
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 24
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 36
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 39
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Questions
1618 refer to the following
19. If 3, 6, 12 . . . is a geometric sequence,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12definition.
what is the 13th term in this sequence?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
122A34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
palindrome is a positive integer that reads the
(A) 156
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12same
forward as it does backward. For instance,
(B) 892
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12662
is a palindrome but 2626 is not. Also, zero
(C)
3,024
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12cannot
be the first or last digit of a palindrome.
(D) 12,288
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
24,576
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 16.
Which
of
the
following
is
a
palindrome?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
20. If p, q, and n are distinct digits, how many 7
(A) 360
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
different 4-digit numbers that only include 7
(B)
306
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
p, q, and n, but always uses all three,
(C) 3636
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
could
they
possibly
form?
(D)
26336
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 3663
(A) 8
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 30
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1217.
If 9A6B9 is a palindrome, and 3A43 is a
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
36
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
palindrome,
what
is
the
value
of
B?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 54
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
3
(E)
104
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
4
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
21. If x is the set of positive even integers 0 to 7
(C) 6
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
100 inclusive, and y is the set of positive
(D)
9
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
odd integers 0 to 100 inclusive, and the
(E) It cannot be determined.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
elements in y are subtracted from the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1218.
What is the difference between the next
elements in x the total difference is
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
greatest and next smallest palindrome in
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 0
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
relation to 4554?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
1
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 20
(C) 25
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
22
(D)
49
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
200
(E)
50
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 220
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
322
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
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40 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 3
30 Questions j Time25 Minutes

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7
12
Identifying Sentence Errors
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7
12
Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the
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7
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correct answer.
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Notes:
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as
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7
12
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word
usage,
word
choice,
and
idioms.
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2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more
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12
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7
12
than
one
error.
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3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the
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12
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7
12
letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed.
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7
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4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E).
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5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.
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12
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3. Modern art, though often used as a
1. Mrs. Thompson did not go with Smythe
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A
A
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and
I
on
the
trip
because
her
plane
arrived
catch-all
term
for
all
contemporary
art,
is
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B
C
B 7
7
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late, and she missed her connecting flight.
generally defined as having a definite
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12
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D
C
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No error.
beginning in the early decades of the
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E
D
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twentieth century. No error.
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7
12
2. It is likely that the first day of the race,
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12
E
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4. Thomas had, in the past, stated that Alicia 7
originally set for September 20, would be
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12
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A
B
A
B
C
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postponed on account of bad weather.
was a more natural speaker than him.
7
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7
12
D
C
D
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No error.
No error.
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7
12
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E
E
7
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41

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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5. In 1953 Watson and Crick unlocked the
8. Recent, studies on the topic of biodiversity 7
7
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A
A
B
7
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structure
of
the
DNA
molecule
and
in
aquamarine
settings
have
raised
7
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C
7
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concerns
related
to
the
rising
levels
of
set
into
motion
the
modern
study
of
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D
B
7
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7
genetics, which was currently one of the
oxygen in the Pacific Ocean. No error.
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C
D
E
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most
vibrant
fields
of
scientific
research.
7
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9. The report unambiguously stated that
7
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No error.
A
B
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in
respect
of
the
new
regulations,
the
7
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E
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C
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6.
Enrique
Fermi,
one
of
the
great
physicists
company
would
not
be
in
compliance.
7
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7
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A
D
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of the last century, was a good friend of
No error.
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B
E
7
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Albert Einstein; they met after one of his
7
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10.
Many
of
the
employees
thought
that
filing
C
D
7
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lectures
at
Princeton.
No
error
.
A
B
7
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the
paperwork
was
more
time
consuming
7
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E
7
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C
7
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7
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7.
The
group,
including
the
speakers,
were
than
the
computer
entries
.
No
error
.
7
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7
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A
B
D
E
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ready for the second half of the conference
7
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which was going to be held
7
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7
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C
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in the main amphitheater. No error.
7
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D
E
7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
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42 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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7
12
Improving Sentences
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7
12
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12
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7
12
Directions:
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7
12
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7
12
1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word
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7
12
7
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choice,
sentence
construction,
and
punctuation.
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12
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12
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7
12
2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined.
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7
12
7
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3.
Any
errors
that
occur
will
be
found
in
the
underlined
portion
of
the
sentence.
If
you
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12
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7
12
believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake.
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7
12
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7
12
Answer
choices
(B),
(C),
(D),
and
(E)
contain
alternative
phrasings
of
the
underlined
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7
12
portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion
7
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does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A).
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7
12
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12
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7
12
5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
11. With all the receipts in hand, it was not
13. Philosophy, as an academic discipline, had 7
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7
12
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7
12
unclear
how
many
people
had
bought
its
inception
over
twenty-four
centuries
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12
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7
12
tickets.
ago in ancient Greece with Platos
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7
12
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7
12
Academy.
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7
12
(A) was not unclear
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12
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7
12
(B) was clearly
(A) as an academic discipline
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7
12
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7
12
(C) was clear
(B) a discipline which is academic
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7
12
(D) was not unclearly
(C) as a discipline academically
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7
12
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12
(E) wasnt unclear
(D) as a discipline for the academic
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7
12
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7
12
(E) as a discipline which is practiced
7
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7
12
12. The Cours Mirabeau, a wide thoroughfare
academically
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7
12
7
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planted
with
double
rows
of
plane-trees
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12
7
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and bordered by fine houses, divides the
14. As the team of geologists began their
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7
12
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12
town into two portions.
descent into the canyon, it became really
7
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7
12
most
clear
to
them
that
previous
dating
7
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(A) planted with double rows of plane7
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schemes of the canyon formation were
7
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trees
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7
12
inaccurate.
(B) which has been planted with double
7
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7
12
(A)
it
became
really
clear
rows
of
plane-trees
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7
12
(B) it became really clearer
(C) that was planted in the past with
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7
12
7
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(C)
it
had
become
really
clear
double
rows
of
plane-trees
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12
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7
12
(D) it had become clearer
(D) with double-rows of plane-trees
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7
12
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12
(E)
it
became
clear
which
were
planted
in
the
past
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12
7
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(E) in the past was planted with a double
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12
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row of plane-trees
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12
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7 43
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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1215.
The medical establishment under pressure
17. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an
7
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from government regulators stopped the
important figure in twentieth century
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7
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relaxation of standards for earning a
America, he was president during the
7
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7
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medical license.
Great Depression and the Second World
7
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War.
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(A)
establishment
under
pressure
from
7
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7
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government regulators stopped the
(A) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an
7
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7
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relaxation
important
figure
in
twentieth
century
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) establishment, under pressure from
America, he was president during the 7
7
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7
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government regulators, it stopped the
Great Depression and the Second
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
relaxation
World
War.
7
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7
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(C) establishmentunder pressure from
(B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an
7
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7
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government
regulatorsstopped,
the
important
figure
in
twentieth
century
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
relaxation
America, and he was president
7
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7
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(D) establishment, under pressure from
during the Great Depression, and
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
government regulators; stopped the
also the Second World War.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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relaxation
(C) Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) establishment, under pressure from
important figure in twentieth century 7
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
government regulators, stopped the
America. He was president during
7
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relaxation
the Great Depression and the Second 7
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7
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World War.
7
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7
1216.
Large
numbers
of
geese
migrate
along
the
(D)
Franklin
Delano
Roosevelt
was
an
7
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7
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southern route to the milder climates of
important figure in twentieth century 7
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7
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Mexico grouping together to form super
America: president during the Great
7
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7
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flocks.
Depression and the Second World
7
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7
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War.
7
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(A) geese migrate along the southern
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
Franklin
Delano
Roosevelt
was
an
7
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route to the milder climates of
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important figure in twentieth century 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mexico grouping together
7
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America;
was
president
during
the
(B) goose migrating along the southern
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Great Depression and the Second
route to the milder climates of
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
World
War.
Mexico and grouping together
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
geese
migrate
along
the
southern
7
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18. It is vital for success in college both to
7
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route to the milder climates of
7
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employ good study skills and being a good 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mexico
and
group
together
7
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listener in class lectures.
7
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(D) geese migrate along the southern
7
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7
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(A)
being
a
good
listener
route
to
the
mildest
climates
of
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) listening well
Mexico, grouping together
7
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7
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(C) to listen good
(E) geese, migrating along the southern
7
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7
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(D)
to
listen
well
route
to
the
milder
climates
of
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7
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(E) being a goodly listener
Mexico, and then grouping together
7
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7
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7
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7
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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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19. To this day, the Yamato clan can trace its
20. Unlike many of his colleagues, Thompson 7
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7
12
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7
12
imperial lineage to the pre-history of
did not think that the Houghton space
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7
12
ancient Japan.
Project was going to be a scientifically
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7
12
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7
12
fruitful endeavor.
(A) its imperial lineage
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7
12
7
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(A)
did
not
think
that
the
Houghton
(B)
its
imperial
lineage
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12
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7
12
space Project was going
(C) their line of imperialism
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7
12
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7
12
(B)
did
not
think
the
Houghton
Space
(D)
theyre
imperial
lineage
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7
12
Project was going
(E) their imperial lineage of the Ya34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
(C) did not think the Houghton space
mato clan
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7
12
7
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project
would
be
going
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12
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7
12
(D) did not think that the Houghton
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7
12
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7
12
Space
Project
would
be
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7
12
(E) did not think that the Houghton
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7
12
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7
12
Space Project will be
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7
12
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12
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7
12
Improving Paragraphs
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7
12
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12
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12
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7
12
Directions:
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7
12
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12
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7
12
1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various
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7
12
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7
12
errors.
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12
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7
12
3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus
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7
12
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7
12
on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentences word choice,
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7
12
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7
12
word usage, or overall structure. Other questions will ask about the paragraph itself.
7
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7
12
These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development.
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7
12
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7
12
4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and
7
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7
12
paragraph writing.
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7
12
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12
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7
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Questions 2125 refer to the following passage.
nity provide fundamental themes for
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7
12
7
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several
of
his
volumes.
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7
12
The
following
is
the
first
few
paragraphs
of
an
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Military service during when he was 7
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7
12
early draft of an essay on Yusuf Komunyakaa, an
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7
12
(10)
a
young
man
also
proved
to
be
a
7
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African-American poet.
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7
12
formative
thing
to
the
budding
poet.
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7
12
Line On April 29 1947, Yusef Komunyakaa
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
After graduating from Bogalusas Central 7
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7
12
was born in Bogalusa, Louisiana. He is
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7
12
High School in 1965, Komunyakaa
7
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the
eldest
of
five
children.
Komunyakaa
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7
12
enlisted in the United States Army to
7
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employs his childhood experiences in his
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7
(15)
begin a tour of duty in Vietnam. While
12
7
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(5)
works:
his
familial
relationships
and
his
there, he started writing, sometime
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7
12
7
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maturation in a rural Southern commubetween 1969 and 1970. As a correspon- 7
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12
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7 45
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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7
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dent for and later editor of the military
22. Which of the following sentences would
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
newspaper, The Southern Cross, Komube the best revision of the first sentence in 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122(20)
nyakaa mastered a journalistic style
the second paragraph?
7
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7
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which he would later use in poetic efforts
(A) Military service during young
7
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to assess objectively his time spent
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
adulthood
also
proves
formative
for
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
engaged
in
warfare.
He
was
awarded
the
7
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the budding poet.
7
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Bronze Star for his work with the paper.
7
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(B)
Military
service
when
as
a
young
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7
1(25)
Komunyakaa
enrolled
at
the
Univer7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
adult
proved
to
be
really
formative
7
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sity of Colorado and received a B.A. in
7
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for the budding poet.
7
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1975.
While
at
Colorado,
he
discovered
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
Although
a
young
adult,
military
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
his
undiscovered
abilities
as
a
poet
in
a
7
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service proved to be really formative
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
creative writing workshop. The work7
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for
the
budding
poet.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(30)
shop,
notes
the
author,
was
the
first
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
Military
service
during
his
youthful7
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chance he had to write for himself. Even
7
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ness was really important to his
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
though
he
had
long
been
an
avid
reader
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
formation as a budding poet.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of
poetry
and
a
lover
of
literature,
his
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) Military service as a young adult also 7
7
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attempts to write creativelymainly
7
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proved formative to the budding
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7
12(35)
short storieshad been unsuccessful. He
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
poet.
7
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had tried numerous times to write short
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
stories but he had never felt that he had
23.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
7
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7
succeeded in this task.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
transitional
phrase
to
place
in
the
begin7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ning of the third paragraph?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1221.
What
is
the
best
way
to
revise
the
first
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
After
leaving
the
army
in
the
early
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sentence of the first paragraph?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1970s,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) Omit the comma after 1947
(B) Since he left the army in the early
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Omit the comma after Bogalusa
1970s,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) Change the comma after 1947 to a
(C) While leaving the army in the early
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
semicolon
1970s,
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) Insert a comma after 29
(D) Because he left the army in the early
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) Change the capitalization of the
1970s,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
word
April
to
april
(E)
On
account
of
his
leaving
the
army
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in the early 1970s,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
24. Which of the following is the best choice
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to
replace
the
word
undiscovered
in
the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
second sentence of the third paragraph?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(A) basic
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) nascent
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) complex
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) unusual
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
waxing
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
46 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
25. The essay would be stronger if the last
mile in length. At each corner stood a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sentence were
solid brick pagoda about 100 feet high.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The most remarkable edifice was a
(A) omitted entirely.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
celebrated temple, adorned with 250
(B) split into two smaller sentences.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(30)
lofty pillars of gilt wood. The remains of 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
moved
so
that
it
became
the
second
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the former palace of the Burmese
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sentence of the paragraph.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
monarchs still survive in the center of the 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(D)
revised
to,
He
had
tried
numerous
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
town. During the time of its prosperity
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
times
to
write
short
stories
but
never
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Amarapura was defended by a rampart
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
felt that he succeeded in this task.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(35)
and
a
large
square
citadel,
with
a
broad
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
revised
to,
He
had
tried
numerous
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
moat,
the
walls
being
7000
feet
long
and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
times to write short stories but had
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
20 feet high; with a bastion at each
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
never
felt
successful
at
it.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
corner.
The
Burmese
now
refer
to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Amarapura as Myohaung, the old city. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Questions 2630 refer to the following passage.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(40)
It
has
a
station
on
the
Rangoon1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Mandalay railway, and is the junction for 7
The following is a short piece on Amarapura, a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the line to Maymyo and the Kunlong
historic Burmese city.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ferry.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Line Once in the past the capital of the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Burmese kingdom, Amarapura is now a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
26.
The
opening
words
of
the
passage
Once
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7
12
suburb of Mandalay, Burma. The town
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
in
the
past
would
best
be
replaced
by
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
was founded in 1783 to form a new
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(5)
capital about six miles to the northeast of
(A)
A
long
time
ago
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
Ava. It increased rapidly in size and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) Formerly
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
population, and in 1810 was estimated
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) Once upon a time
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to contain 170,000 inhabitants; but in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) In the past
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that
year
the
town
was
destroyed
by
fire,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) Millenia ago
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(10)
and this disaster, together with the
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
removal
of
the
royal
court
to
Ava
in
27.
The
third
sentence
in
the
first
paragraph
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1823, caused a decline in the prosperity
might be revisable because it
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of
the
city.
In
1827
its
population
was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
has
subject-verb
disagreement
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
estimated
at
only
30,000.
It
suffered
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) does not flow with the previous
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(15)
severe calamity from an earthquake,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sentence
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
which
in
1839
destroyed
the
greater
part
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
is
very
long
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the city. It was finally abandoned in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) contains too many numbers and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1860,
when
king
Mindon
occupied
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
figures
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Mandalay, roughly five miles farther
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) contains vague pronoun references
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(20)
north.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Amarapura was also laid out on
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
much the same plan as Ava. The ruins of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the city wall, now overgrown with
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
jungle, show it to have been a square
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
with a side of about three-quarters of a
7
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12
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7 47
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1228.
The entire rough draft suffers from the
30. Which of the following is the best way to 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
fact that
revise the sentence in the second paragraph 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
shown below?
(A) the town of Ava is repeatedly
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
mentioned, but its overall imporDuring the time of its prosperity Amara7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tance
or
relationship
to
Amarapura
pura
was
defended
by
a
rampart
and
a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is never explained.
large square citadel, with a broad moat,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
no
explanation
is
given
for
why
the
walls
being
7000
feet
long
and
20
feet
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Amarapura waned in importance.
high; with a bastion at each corner.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) the city of Mandalay is never
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
Amarapura
defended
itself
with
a
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
described
in
sufficient
detail
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rampart
and
a
large
square
citadel
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) the rituals of the ancient Burmese
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
with a broad moat. The walls were
7
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royal
court
are
not
delineated
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7000 feet long and 20 feet high with
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
No
mention
is
given
to
Amarapuras
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
a bastion at each corner.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
current state.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Amarapura was defended by a
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12229.
rampart and a large square citadel
The word edifice in line 28 could most
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
with a broad moat. The citadel walls 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
reasonably be replaced with
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
were 7000 feet long and 20 feet high 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) structure
and had a bastion at each corner.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) place
(C) Amarapura was defended by a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
location
rampart
and
a
large
square
citadel,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) construction site
with a broad moat, the walls being
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
architect
7000
feet
long
and
20
feet
high,
with
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
a
bastion
at
each
corner.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) Amarapura was defended by a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rampart,
a
large
square
citadel,
a
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
broad moat, walls measuring 7000
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
feet
long
and
20
feet
high
with
a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
bastion
at
each
corner.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) Amarapura was defended by a
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rampart and a large square citadel
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
with a broad moat. Amarapura, with 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
walls being 7000 feet long and 20
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
feet high, had a bastion at each
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
corner.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
48 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 4
27 Questions j Time25 Minutes

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
choices,
labeled
(A)
through
(E).
These
choices
represent
words
or
phrases
that
have
been
left
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12
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7
12
out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of
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7
12
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7
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the
sentence
as
a
whole.
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7
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Example:
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Canine massage is a veterinary technique
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for
calming
dogs
that
are
extremely
__________.
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12
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7
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(A) inept
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7
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(B)
disciplined
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7
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(C) controlled
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7
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(D)
stressed
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7
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(E) restrained
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7
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A
B
C O
E
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7
12
O

O
O

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12
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7
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1. Though thought __________, recently a
2. The most __________ factor in the
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7
12
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12
small number of living lingis terracotis
computer revolution was size: the greatly 7
7
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organisms were discovered.
diminished size of more modern comput- 7
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12
7
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ers has made them far more __________.
7
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(A) defunct
7
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7
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(B)
exiled
(A)
irrelevant.
.common
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7
12
(C) deserted
(B) complex. .unpredictable
7
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7
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(D) extinct
(C) salient. .indispensable
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7
12
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(E)
overpopulated
(D)
concrete.
.valuable
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12
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7
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(E) essential. .practical
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12
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49

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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3. Though many traditional forms of
7. Thomas was __________ the business deal 7
7
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medicine have been practiced for centusince he had been swindled in a similar
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7
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ries, members of the modern medical
situation in the past.
7
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establishment still often view these
(A) enthusiastic about
7
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treatments as __________, since many
7
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(B)
terrified
of
7
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have
not
been
tested
scientifically.
7
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(C) prideful of
7
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(A)
dubious
(D)
leery
of
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(B) dogmatic
(E) nonchalant about
7
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(C) ineffective
7
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8. Maintaining the integrity of the soil
(D)
surreptitious
7
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specimens was __________, and ultimately 7
(E) disingenuous
7
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the scientists were __________ in their
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4. The Barbary Pirates __________ the Strait
attempts to keep the soil free of for7
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of Gibraltar for centuries, attacking
eign particles.
7
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passing ships and impeding trade.
7
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(A)
straightforward.
.triumphant
7
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(A) menaced
(B) challenging. .unsuccessful
7
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(B)
cultivated
(C)
laborious.
.inundated
7
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(C)
arraigned
(D)
vexing.
.victorious
7
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(D) appropriated
(E) problematic. .reticent
7
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(E)
disclaimed
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9. Though considered a traditionalist by
7
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7
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5. The specks of paint were small, nearly
many of her critics, the artist saw her
7
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__________ in fact, but they still were
7
work as __________ new techniques
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7
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__________ by the inspector.
and forms.
7
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(A)
minuscule.
.ignored
(A)
undermining
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(B) microcosmic. .upbraided
(B) enforcing
7
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7
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(C)
infinitesimal.
.detected
(C)
precluding
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
inestimable.
.noticed
(D)
rejecting
7
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(E) ignominious. .rejected
(E) employing
7
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6. The __________ play was __________
10. Although normally __________, the
7
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7
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even to its author, who later disavowed it.
teacher became __________ when the
7
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students expressed frustration with the
7
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(A)
bland.
.anathema
7
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assignment.
7
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(B) vulgar. .offensive
7
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(C)
heinous.
.maladroit
(A)
impassive.
.defensive
7
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(D) crafty. .fearsome
(B) serene. .irritable
7
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(E)
inarticulate.
.comprehensible
(C)
conscientious.
.irreverent
7
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(D)
impatient.
.understanding
7
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(E) volatile. .heated
7
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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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11. The __________ between the politicians
15. Clark Gable, the legendary movie actor,
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originated with a deeply __________ piece
was famous for his __________ and social 7
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12
of legislation.
savvy, two characteristics with which he
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12
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7
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__________ many adoring fans.
(A) rapprochement. .ideological
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7
12
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(B)
tension.
.meaningful
(A)
obtuseness.
.ingratiated
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12
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7
12
(C) rift. .controversial
(B) sanctimony. .cultivated
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7
12
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(D)
argument.
.visceral
(C)
earnestness.
.accosted
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7
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(E) tedium. .complex
(D) acumen. .disgusted
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7
12
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7
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(E) panache. .charmed
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7
12
7
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12. Though the authors prose was natural
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12
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7
12
and fluid, her speech at the press club was
Questions 1627 refer to the following passage. 7
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12
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7
12
halting and __________.
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This is an excerpt from Mark Twains speech 7
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7
12
(A) condescending
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12
entitled Compliments and Degrees, a speech 7
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7
12
(B) florid
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12
in which he discusses receiving compliments. 7
7
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(C) stilted
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12
Widely considered one of Americas greatest 7
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7
12
(D) Intricate
novelists, Twain also won great acclaim as a 7
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12
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12
(E) elegant
humorist in his own day.
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7
12
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12
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7
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Line It is very difficult to take compliments. I
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7
12
13. Caught in indecision, the customer
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7
12
do
not
care
whether
you
deserve
the
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7
12
__________ between purchasing the
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7
12
compliments
or
not,
it
is
just
as
difficult
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7
12
laptop or the desktop.
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12
to take them. The other night I was at the 7
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7
12
(A) struggled
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7
12
(5)
Engineers
Club,
and
enjoyed
the
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7
12
(B)
determined
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7
12
sufferings of Mr. Carnegie. They were
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7
12
(C) vied
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7
12
complimenting
him
there;
there
it
was
all
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7
12
(D)
vacillated
7
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compliments,
and
none
of
them
deserved.
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7
12
(E) protracted
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7
12
They say that you cannot live by bread
7
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7
12
(10)
alone, but I can live on compliments.
7
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14.
The
candidates
platform
__________
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7
12
I do not make any pretence that I
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7
12
greater fiscal responsibility and improve7
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dislike compliments. The stronger the
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7
12
ments in education, but few in the
better, and I can manage to digest them. I 7
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7
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electorate believed the candidate would
think I have lost so much by not making 7
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7
12
__________ these goals.
(15)
a collection of compliments, to put them 7
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7
12
away and take them out again once in a
(A) promised. .critique
7
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7
12
while. When in England I said that I
(B) eschewed. .uphold
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7
12
7
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would
start
to
collect
compliments,
and
I
(C)
advocated.
.prioritize
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12
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7
12
began there and I have brought some of
(D) rejected. .abhor
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7
12
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7
12
(20)
them
along.
(E)
proclaimed.
.satirize
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12
7
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The first one of these liesI wrote
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7
12
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them down and preserved them I think 7
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7
12
7
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they
are
mighty
good
and
extremely
just.
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12
7
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It is one of Hamilton Mabies compli7
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7
12
(25)
ments.
He
said
that
La
Salle
was
the
first
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7 51
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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one to make a voyage of the Mississippi,
was that some newspapers said I talked
7
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7
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but Mark Twain was the first to chart,
(70)
with the Queen of England with my hat
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
light, and navigate it for the whole
on. I dont do that with any woman. I
7
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7
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world. If that had been published at the
did not put it on until she asked me to.
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7
12(30)
time that I issued that book Life on the
Then she told me to put it on, and its a
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mississippi,
it
would
have
been
money
in
command
there.
I
thought
I
had
carried
7
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7
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(75)
my pocket. I tell you, it is a talent by
my American democracy far enough. So I 7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
itself to pay compliments gracefully and
put it on. I have no use for a hat, and
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
have them ring true. Its an art by itself.
never did have.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(35)
W.
D.
Howells
spoke
of
me
as
first
of
The
happiest
experience
I
had
in
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Hartford, and ultimately of the solar
England was at a dinner given in the
7
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7
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(80)
system, not to say of the universe. If it
building of the Punch publication, a
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
can
be
proved
that
my
fame
reaches
to
humorous
paper
which
is
appreciated
by
7
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7
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Neptune and Saturn, that will satisfy
all Englishmen. It was the greatest
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(40)
even
me.
You
know
how
modest
and
privilege
ever
allowed
a
foreigner.
I
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
retiring Howells seems to be, but deep
entered the diningroom of the building,
7
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7
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(85)
down he is as vain as I am. Mr. Howells
where those men get together who have
7
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7
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had been granted a degree at Oxford,
been running the paper for over fifty
7
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7
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whose gown was red. He had been
years. We were about to begin dinner
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(45)
invited to an exercise at Columbia, and
when the toastmaster said: Just a
7
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7
upon inquiry had been told that it was
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
minute; there ought to be a little cer7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(90)
usual to wear the black gown. Later he
emony. Then there was that meditating
7
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7
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had found that three other men wore
silence for a while, and out of a closet
7
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7
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bright
gowns,
and
he
had
lamented
that
there
came
a
beautiful
little
girl
dressed
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(50)
he had been one of the black mass, and
in pink, holding in her hand a copy of
7
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7
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not
a
red
torch.
the
previous
weeks
paper,
which
had
in
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(95)
Now here is a gold-miners compliit my cartoon. It broke me all up. I could 7
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ment.
It
is
forty-two
years
old.
It
was
my
not
even
say
Thank
you.
That
was
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
introduction
to
an
audience
to
which
I
prettiest
incident
of
the
dinner,
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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12(55)
lectured in a log schoolhouse. There were
delight of all that wonderful table. When 7
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
no
ladies
there.
I
wasnt
famous
then.
she
was
about
to
go,
I
said,
My
child,
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(100) you are not going to leave me; I have
They didnt know me. Only the miners
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
were
there,
with
their
breeches
tucked
hardly
got
acquainted
with
you.
She
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
into their boot-tops and with clay all
replied, You know Ive got to go; they
7
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7
122(60)
over them. They wanted someone to
never let me come in here before, and
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
introduce me, and they selected a miner,
they never will again. That is one of the 7
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(105) beautiful incidents that I cherish.
who protested, saying: I dont know
7
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anything about this man. Anyhow, I only
7
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7
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know two things about him. One is, he
7
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7
122(65)
has never been in jail, and the other is, I
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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dont know why.
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Theres
one
thing
I
want
to
say
about
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that English trip. One thing that I regret
7
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52 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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7
12
16. The word sufferings in line 6 refers to
19. In lines 3234, the author implies that
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12
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7
12
(A) the physical illness which ailed Mr.
(A) Mr. Mabie made both an eloquent
7
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7
12
Carnegie.
and
well-timed
compliment.
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12
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7
12
(B) the difficulty of listening to others
(B) a truly fine compliment can have
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7
12
7
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complimented
deservedly.
monetary
value.
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12
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7
12
(C) the difficulty of receiving compli(C) he would pay money to be able to
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7
12
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7
12
ments
well.
make
such
a
fine
compliment
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7
12
(D) the hardships he had overcome, for
himself.
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7
12
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7
12
which the engineers complimented
(D) if Mr. Mabie had praised the book
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
him.
sooner,
more
copies
would
have
been
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12
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7
12
(E) the difficulty of devising false
sold.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
compliments.
(E)
it
is
distasteful
to
think
of
compli1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ments in economic terms.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
17. The passage as a whole indicates that
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
Twain thinks compliments are
20. Twains response to W. D. Howellss
7
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7
12
compliment
in
paragraph
4
suggests
that
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) always profoundly flattering.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
an
important
social
function.
(A)
Twain
thinks
the
compliment
is
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12
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7
12
(C) difficult to receive well but easy to
excessive.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
give well.
(B) Twain believes every compliment
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
easily
recorded
but
remembered
only
should
be
met
with
another.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
with difficulty.
(C) Twain thirsts for greater and greater 7
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
often
grossly
exaggerated.
compliments.
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12
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7
12
(D) Twain prides himself on the univer34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
18. When Twain says of compliments, The
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sality of his themes.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
stronger the better, and I can manage to
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7
12
(E) Twain has little regard for people
7
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digest
them,
he
means
to
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7
12
who pay him compliments.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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(A)
sardonically
depict
loving
compli34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
21.
The
phrase
red
torch
lines
51
is
used
to
7
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ments
as
a
noble
act.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
emphasize
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) adamantly maintain that one can live
7
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7
12
off
compliments
only
with
difficulty.
(A)
the
importance
of
the
role
Mr.
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) earnestly encourage the audience to
Howells played in the ceremony.
7
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7
12
come
up
with
great
compliments
for
(B)
the
flamboyance
of
Mr.
Howellss
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7
12
him.
wish.
7
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7
12
(D) mournfully compare his present
(C) the garish hue of the gown.
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7
12
7
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successes with his past struggles.
(D) the colorfulness of the ceremony.
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12
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7
12
(E) indignantly insist that he is better at
(E) the drabness of the other gowns.
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7
12
receiving compliments than Mr.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
Carnegie.
7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 53
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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1222.
In line 41 of paragraph 4, retiring most
25. The author includes the little girls remark 7
7
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7
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closely means
in the last paragraph in order to
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) elderly
(A) show how young the girl really was.
7
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7
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(B) humble
(B) criticize the hosts for not allowing
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
aloof
her
to
stay.
7
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7
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(D) lethargic
(C) reveal that he can pay pleasant
7
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7
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(E)
arrogant
compliments
in
conversation.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) demonstrate that children also enjoy
7
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7
1223.
Twain relays the anecdote of the miners
his work.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
introduction lines 6266 to
(E)
emphasize
what
a
special
occasion
it
7
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7
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was.
(A) show how a spontaneous compli7
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7
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ment can be the best kind.
7
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26. In lines 9596, the author conveys
7
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(B)
illustrate
what
a
backhanded
7
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that he
7
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compliment is.
7
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(A) couldnt help laughing at the hosts
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
provide
a
humorous
example
of
how
7
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surprise.
7
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he was received before he became
7
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(B) was taken completely off guard.
7
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famous.
7
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(C)
was
too
moved
by
the
gesture
to
7
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(D)
provide
a
contrast
with
how
the
7
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speak.
7
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Queen of England welcomed him.
7
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(D)
was
flattered,
but
forgot
to
say
thank
7
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(E)
show
the
nobility
of
the
miners
7
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you.
7
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intentions.
7
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(E) was flustered that his presentation
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1224.
had
been
interrupted.
The underlying sentiment in Twains
7
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7
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remark that I thought I had carried my
7
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7
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27. This speech would best be compared to a
American democracy far enough (lines
7
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speech in which a
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7475)
is
best
described
as
7
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7
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(A) politician spoke on her platform.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
mild
affront
at
having
been
ordered
7
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(B)
comedian
performed
his
routine.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
by
the
Queen.
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) journalist offered personal reflections 7
7
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(B) self-satisfaction at having proved a
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
on
her
career.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
point
to
the
Queen.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
novelist
spoke
on
the
issues
his
latest
7
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(C) bashful humility in the Queens
7
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novel addressed.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
presence.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
writer
reflected
on
the
reception
of
7
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(D) bold patriotism in a foreign setting.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
her writing.
7
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(E) indifference to what the Queen
7
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7
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wanted.
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
54 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 5
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

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12
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12
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7
12
Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
Notes:
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7
12
7
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1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
2s
r
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7
12
2x
w
r
s
x
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7
12
c
h
h
h b
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7
12
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7
12
w
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7
12
s
b
3x
a
2
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7
12
A 5 pr
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7
12
1
2
2
2
2
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12
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles 7
7
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2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
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7
12
7
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The
measure
in
degrees
of
a
straight
angle
is
180.
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7
12
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. If 5=x 1 14 5 20 then x equals
2. A class has x students. Four students join 7
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the class and the class size increases 20%. 7
6
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7
12
7
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A.
What was the original class size?
5
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
16
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7
12
11
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7
12
1
B.
(B) 18
7
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25
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7
12
(C)
20
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7
12
48
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 22
C.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
24
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
D. 25
7
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7
12
E. 900
7
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12
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12
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7
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
45

60

30

55

45

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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7
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3.
6. A bag of marbles contains 6 red marbles,
7
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7
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8 green marbles, and 10 black marbles.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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What is the probability of picking out a
7
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7
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red marble on one random try?
7
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7
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1
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
A.
7
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5
7
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7
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7
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1
7
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B.
7
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4
7
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7
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1
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
C.
What
is
the
value
of
x?
7
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3
7
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7
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(A) 2
2
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
D.
(B) 3
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
5
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 5
5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
E.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
2
5
(D)
=
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 5=3
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7. If j is an integer divisible by 2, 3, 6, 9, and 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
what
is
the
next
integer
divisible
by
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4.
If
|x
2
5|
.
3
then
which
of
the
following
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
these numbers?
7
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is true?
7
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7
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(A)
j
1
9
7
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(A)
28
.
x
.
8
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) j 1 12
7
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(B) 23 . x . 2
7
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(C) j 1 24
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 22 . x . 5
7
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(D) j 1 30
7
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(D) 2 . x . 8
7
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(E) j 1 36
7
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(E) 5 . x . 8
7
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7
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5
7
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8. For how many integer values of x will
5. If 3x 5 12 then 32 1 x 5
7
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x
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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1
1
(A)
6
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
be
less
than
but
greater
than
?
7
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3
5
(B) 12
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
36
(A)
9
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 108
(B)
7
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7
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(E) 144
(C) 6
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
4
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) an infinite number
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
56 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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7
12
9.
11. If y is a multiple of x by a factor of k,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
where k is a positive integer, and x , y
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7
12
then
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
5k
A.
7
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x
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7
12
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12
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7
12
3x
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7
12
5
3k
B.
7
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y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
C. 2(x 2 y) 5 2k
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7
12
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12
7
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D. (x 2 y)(y 2 x) 5 k
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7
12
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12
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7
12
~x 2 y! 5 k
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7
12
E.
If a best fit line were fitted to the scatter7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
y
2
x
~
!
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
plot
above,
its
slope
would
be
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
2x
21
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7
12
12. If 2 5 (8) then x 5
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7
12
(A)
negative
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
(A) 24
(B) nearly 0
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 23
(C) 0.05
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7
12
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7
12
(C) 2
(D)
0.50
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12
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7
12
(D) 3
(E) about 1
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7
12
(E) 4
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7
12
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12
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7
12
10. What is the midpoint between P (4, 2) and
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7
12
13. Jorge has 6 square tiles that are nine
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7
Q (0, 8)?
12
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7
12
inches
square
each.
If
Jorge
cuts
each
tile
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7
12
(A)
(0,
5)
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7
12
into
the
largest
circle
possible,
what
will
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7
12
(B) (2, 5)
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7
12
the area of the left over tiles be in square
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7
12
(C)
(2,
6)
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7
12
inches?
7
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(D)
(3,
4)
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12
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7
12
(A) 54 2 7p
(E) (3, 5)
7
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7
12
(B) 6(9 2 p)
7
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(C) 9(6 2 p)
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7
12
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7
12
(D) 54 2 13.5p
7
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7
12
(E) 12(9 2 p)
7
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12
14. In a coordinate plane, if distinct points A 7
7
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7
12
(2,
p)
and
B
(p,
2)
lie
on
a
line
with
a
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7
12
slope of negative one, which of the
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7
12
7
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following
could
be
values
of
p?
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12
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12
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7
12
(A) 1, 2
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7
12
(B) 1, 3
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7
12
7
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(C)
2,
2
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12
7
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(D) 2, 4
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7
12
7
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(E)
2,
5
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12
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12
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7 57
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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7
1215.
Which of the following numbers is a
18.
7
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7
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relative prime of 27?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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(A) 24
7
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7
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(B) 35
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
45
7
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7
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(D) 54
7
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7
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(E)
60
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
1216.
A rectangular solid has a height and width
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of 4. If the solid can be cut in half, across
7
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7
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its length, such that two cubes result, what
The above figure is a pyramid with a
7
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7
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is the volume of the original solid?
square base. If the height of the pyramid is 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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4, then what is the area of the base of the
(A) 64
7
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7
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pyramid?
(B) 78
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
92
7
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(A)
3=2
7
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(D) 110
7
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(B)
9
7
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(E)
128
7
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(C) 18
7
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7
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2
(D)
25
7
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6x 1 16x 1 10
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7
1217.
5
0
then
x
5
If
3
2
(E) 36
7
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x
2
4x
7
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7
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7
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19.
5
7
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21,
2
A.
7
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3
7
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7
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B. 22, 2
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7
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7
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4
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3,
C.
7
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5
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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D. 1, 3
7
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7
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E. 2, 6
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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If
the
area
of
the
sector
is
6p,
and
the
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7
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measure of angle a is 60, what is the
7
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7
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volume of the cylinder?
7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 120p
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 140p
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 160p
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 180p
7
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(E) 200p
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
58 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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7
12
20. A circular dart board is divided into 20
21.
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7
12
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7
12
equal sectors. One dart is thrown ran1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
domly at the board and lands in one of the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sectors. What is the probability that a
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7
12
second dart, also thrown randomly, will
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
land
in
the
same
sector?
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12
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12
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7
12
1
7
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A.
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7
12
400
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12
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12
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7
12
1
7
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B.
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7
12
380
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12
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12
1
In the figure above, l1il2, A is at (23, 22), 7
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7
12
C.
7
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20
B
is
at
(22,
23),
and
C
is
at
(2,
21).
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
What is the y-intercept of IlO1?
1
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7
12
D.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
19
7
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(A)
23
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12
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7
12
1
(B) 22
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7
12
E.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 20.5
10
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12
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7
12
(D) 1
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 4
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7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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12
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7 59
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 6
16 Questions j Time20 Minutes

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7
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7
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7
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Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions. Read each passage, then
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
answer
the
accompanying
questions,
basing
your
answers
on
what
is
stated
or
implied
in
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
passage and any introductory material provided. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12The
question
of
whether
the
ancient
Greeks
1.
The
passage
argues
that
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12borrowed
their algebra from the ancient
7
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(A) the Greek algebraists were more
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7
12Hindus
or vice versa has been the subject of
7
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advanced than the Hindus.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12much
discussion. There is no doubt that there
(B) Hindu and Greek algebraists were
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12was
constant traffic between Greece and India
equally influenced by one another.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12beginning
over three millennia ago, and it is
(C) Hindu algebraists definitely influ- 7
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12very
likely that an exchange of produce would
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
enced the Greeks more than vice versa. 7
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12be
accompanied by a transference of ideas. In
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) Greek algebraists definitely influenced 7
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7
12certain
respects it appears that Hindu solutions
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
Hindus
more
than
vice
versa.
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7
122to
some basic algebraic equations were influ7
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(E) the Hindu algebraists were influ34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1enced
by the Greeks. This is thought to be the
7
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enced
by
the
Greeks,
but
attained
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7
1case
because
Greek
notation
is
employed
in
a
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greater successes.
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12few
ancient texts of Hindu mathematics. Even
7
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122so,
it
is
certain
that
the
Hindu
algebraists
were
7
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The United States Department of Agriculture
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7
12far
in advance of the Greek algebraists. Hindu
7
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dates its rank as an executive department from
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7
122algebraists
solved
complex
problems
involving
1889. It was first established as a department in 7
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122negative
numbers, a feat not attained by the
1862, ranking as a bureau, with a commis7
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122ancient
Greeks.
sioner in charge. In addition to the commis7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sioner,
there
was
a
statistician,
a
chemist,
an
7
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7
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entomologist, and a superintendent of experi7
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7
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mental
farming.
The
bureaus
scope
was
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
initially
somewhat
limited,
but
its
work
was
7
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gradually enlarged by the appointment of a
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
botanist
in
1868,
the
creation
of
a
forestry
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
department in 1877, and the establishment of
7
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7
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7
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60

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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12
agricultural experiment stations throughout the
The Alder genus of plants comprises a few
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7
12
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7
12
country in 1887. In 1889 the department
species of shrubs and trees, most of which do
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7
12
became an executive department, the principal
not reach a large size. They are geographically
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12
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7
12
official being designated Secretary of Agriculdistributed throughout the north temperate
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7
12
ture, with a seat in the presidents cabinet.
zone of South America, which stretches along
7
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7
12
the
Andes
southward
to
Chile.
One
of
the
rare
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12
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7
12
exceptions to the small size of the Alder genus
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7
12
2.
The
passage
describes
the
United
States
7
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is
the
Tuvian
tree.
Under
favorable
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7
12
Department
of
Agriculture
as
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12
stances Tuvian trees will grow to a height of 40 7
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7
12
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7
12
(A) becoming more bureaucratic through
or
50
feet,
dwarfing
the
other
members
of
its
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7
12
the late nineteenth century.
genus. Other than size, the Tuvian tree pos34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) becoming more specialized in
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7
12
sesses the major characteristics of the Alder
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7
12
experimental farming through the
7
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genus:
the
large
wedge-shaped
leaf,
the
saplike
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7
12
late
nineteenth
century.
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7
12
secretions at the base of the plant, and the
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7
12
(C) growing in political clout through
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7
12
production
of
large
seeds.
7
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the
early
twentieth
century.
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12
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7
12
(D) growing in size through the late
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7
12
4. Which of the following questions is not
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7
12
nineteenth
century.
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7
12
explicitly
answered
in
the
passage?
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7
12
(E)
narrowing
its
scope
of
operations
in
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
the late nineteenth century.
(A) What are the characteristics of leaves 7
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7
12
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7
12
of
plants
in
the
Alder
genus?
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12
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12
3. It can be inferred from the passage that
(B) Do plants other than the Tuvian tree 7
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7
12
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7
12
the U. S. Department of Agriculture
in
the
Alder
genus
produce
sap?
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12
becoming an executive department
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7
12
(C) How large are other plants in the
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7
12
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7
12
Alder genus?
(A) was beneficial for the farmers of the
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7
12
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7
12
(D) Where do plants other than the
American
Midwest.
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12
Tuvian tree in the Alder genus grow? 7
(B) earned the department a seat on the
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7
12
7
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(E)
How large is a Tuvian tree?
presidents
cabinet.
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12
7
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(C) meant the department could hire a
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7
12
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7
12
chemist and an entomologist.
7
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7
12
(D)
was
a
decision
made
by
the
future
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7
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Secretary of Agriculture himself.
7
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7
12
(E)
made
the
Department
of
Agriculture
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7
12
a part of a different branch of
7
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12
government.
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 61
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7
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7
12Questions
516 refer to the following passage.
neural diseases, but also holds the
7
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7
12The
possibility of enhancing the abilities of
following two passages discuss neuroscience,
7
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122the
healthy brains. New neural drug regimes 7
study
of
the
brain.
Specifically,
they
address
7
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7
12the
(40)
could increase memory or even heighten
notion of progress in the field of neuroscience.
7
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our powers of perception, such as sight.
7
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7
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These
exciting
possibilities
remain,
for
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7
12Passage
1
7
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the present, shrouded in mystery like
7
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7
1Line
When NASA put a man on the moon
the
brain
itself,
but
the
exploration
of
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
some four decades ago, a new frontier of
(45)
the inner space of our brain has begun
7
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7
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human endeavor began: the exploration
in
earnest.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of outer space. In the last decade,
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7
12(5)
humanity again has entered into a new
7
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Passage 2
7
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frontier: the exploration of inner space.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Line The 1990s were the Decade of the
This
new
frontier
is
the
brain,
and
its
7
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Brain. In that illustrious decade of brain 7
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heroes are not astronauts but neuroscien7
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investigations, we were told of the great
7
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tists.
Just
as
outer
space
holds
vast
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
promise
of
neuroscience.
The
end
of
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7
12(10)
expanses to be explored, so also the
7
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brain ailments from Alzheimers disease
(5)
7
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human
brain
holds
great
promise
for
7
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to
depression,
it
was
heralded,
was
just
7
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human
exploration
and
discovery
in
its
7
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around the corner. But the Decade of
7
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vast uncharted domains. The great strides
7
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the
Brain
has
ended,
and
brain
diseases
7
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made
in
neuroscience
in
the
last
decade
7
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have
not.
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7
12(15)
and the promise of future discoveries
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(10)
Depression is a good case study in the 7
7
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make neuroscience arguably the most
7
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progress
of
neuroscience.
The
history
of
7
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important
scientific
field
of
our
time.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
depression extends at least as far back as 7
7
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One example of the promise of
7
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Hippocrates,
the
founder
of
medicine
in
7
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neuroscience is the progress already made
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ancient
Greece.
He
prescribed
herbal
oral
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7
122(20)
with neurogenesis, the growth of new
7
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(15)
remedies for depression and theorized
7
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neurons. Neurons are the basic cellular
7
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that depression was the result of imbalbuilding blocks of the brain. It had long
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
anced brain biles. The herbal treatbeen dogma in neuroscience that adult
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ments were thought to help balance the
brains could not grow new neurons, but
7
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brain biles. His theory might sound crude 7
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1(25)
recent
research
has
shown
that
the
7
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(20)
to modern ears, but we should not be so
7
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human brain has an incredible ability to
7
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quick to suppose that our understanding
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
generate
all
kinds
of
new
brain
cells,
7
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and
treatment
regimes
are
much
in
7
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including neurons. Our increasing
7
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advance of Hippocrates. Like him, we
7
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understanding
of
the
processes
of
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
prescribe
oral
remedies
for
depression,
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7
122(30)
neurogenesis
augurs
an
astounding
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
and like him, we have only a vague sense 7
7
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potential for medical application.
7
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of
how
these
chemicals
alter
the
balance
7
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Researchers
are
already
setting
their
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of
chemicals
in
the
brain.
We
have
even
7
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sights on the myriad neural diseases, such
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
less idea of how or why these remedies
7
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as
Alzheimers
and
Parkinsons
Disease.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
work
when
they
do.
There
are
various
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7
122(35)
The advancement of neuroscience
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(30)
explanations for why oral treatments
7
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does not just anticipate the elimination of
7
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from
the
earlier
tricyclics
to
the
iconic
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62 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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12
1990s medication, Prozacare beneficial
7. In Passage 1, the authors attitude toward 7
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7
12
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7
12
to the depressed patient, but none of the
enhancing normal brains is
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7
12
explanations are ultimately satisfactory.
(A) markedly less enthusiastic than his or 7
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(35)
For the most part, neither doctors nor
her response to possible cures for
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pharmaceutical researchers have a
7
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diseases.
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fundamental
grasp
of
how
these
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(B) indicative of his or her unconditional 7
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tions work.
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embrace
of
scientific
advances.
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Before
we
scientists
can
declare
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12
(C)
clinical
and
objective.
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(40)
neuroscience the harbinger of the end of
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(D) defensive about the moral value of
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mental
illness
and
brain
disease,
we
need
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such
advances.
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12
to
have
a
better
grasp
of
the
whys
and
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12
(E) skeptical, in contrast to his or her
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wherefores of our discoveries.
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general
optimism
about
scientific
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advances.
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5. NASA is mentioned in the first paragraph
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of Passage 1 to illustrate
8. Neurogenesis is important to the argu7
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12
ment
of
Passage
1
primarily
because
it
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12
(A) the spatial dimensions of the brain.
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(B)
the
relation
of
brain
research
to
(A)
provides
concrete
evidence
to
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astronomical research.
support the authors claim that
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(C) the importance of neuroscience,
neuroscience has made important
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12
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according
to
NASA.
advances.
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(D) the importance of pursuing more
(B) disproves the suggestion in the first
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than
one
kind
of
scientific
inquiry
at
paragraph
that
the
brain
is
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once.
charted territory.
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(E) the comparable importance of
(C) provides a contrast to the view that
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neuroscience in the present to space
neuroscience will enhance our
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12
exploration in the past.
perceptions.
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(D) demonstrates that neuroscience was 7
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6. The author of Passage 1 believes that
relatively undeveloped before the
7
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neuroscience is arguably the most
1990s.
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12
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important
scientific
field
of
our
time
(E) poetically extends the metaphor of
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12
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because
it
the
brain
as
the
new
frontier.
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(A) has important political implications.
7
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9.
The
word
dogma
in
line
23
of
Passage
1
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12
(B) seeks to explain something we know
7
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most closely means
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12
virtually nothing about.
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12
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(C) has the potential to improve the
(A) strongly held belief.
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quality of human life.
(B) question of faith rather than intellect. 7
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(D) can tell us more about the origin and
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(C) anathema.
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meaning of life.
(D) loosely held tenet.
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(E) is the only science primarily devoted
(E) tangential consideration.
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to understanding how humans work.
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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1210.
For Passage 2, which of the following best
13. The author probably calls Prozac an
7
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describe the authors attitude toward
iconic 1990s medication primarily to
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neuroscience?
convey that
7
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(A) hopeful expectation
(A) the importance of Prozac, like the
7
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(B)
moral
opposition
other
1990s
antidepressants,
was
7
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(C) begrudging acceptance
more about hype than effectiveness.
7
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(D)
moderate
anticipation
(B)
Prozac
is
indicative
of
the
develop1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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(E) forceful rejection
ments of the 1990s.
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(C) the author is disinterested in discuss- 7
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11. The author of Passage 2 suggests that real
ing
the
specifics
of
the
different
oral
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progress toward curing mental illness and
medications.
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brain disease should be characterized by a
(D)
Prozac
represented
a
drastic
shift
in
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approach from the earlier medica(A) firmer notion of what causes various
7
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tions.
illnesses.
7
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(E) Prozac is particularly overrated as a
(B)
decreased
reliance
on
oral
medica7
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treatment for depression.
tions for brain-related conditions.
7
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(C)
deeper
consideration
of
the
side
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14.
The
authors
of
Passages
1
and
2
would
be
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effects
of
medical
treatments.
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most likely to agree that
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(D) more methodical understanding of
7
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how
current
treatments
work.
(A)
the
last
decade
saw
breakthrough
7
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(E) greater sense of creativity in apdevelopments in neuroscience.
7
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proaching
problems.
(B)
neuroscientists
will
soon
find
a
cure
7
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for
Alzheimers
disease.
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1212.
The author compares Hippocratess
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(C) Alzheimers disease is a more
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approach to depression with modern
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important disease than depression.
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approaches
primarily
suggest
that
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(D) the discovery of neurogenesis will
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have
practical
applications.
(A)
oral
remedies
for
depression
are
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(E) neuroscientists are the appropriate
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unlikely
to
work.
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people
to
search
for
a
cure
for
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(B) doctors suffer from depression as
7
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Alzheimers disease.
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much
as
their
patients.
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(C) neuroscience has made no progress
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since
Hippocratess
time.
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(D) modern doctors claim to balance
7
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chemicals they dont understand is
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unconvincing.
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(E) todays methods are far more
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technologically sophisticated than
7
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Hippocratess.
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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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15. Which of the following questions is not
16. The author of the second passage would
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answered by either passage?
probably describe the author of the first
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passage as
(A) How does the discovery of neurogen34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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esis promise treatment for brain
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diseases?
tion
that
theoretical
discoveries
and
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(B) Which developments made the 1990s
practical applications go hand in
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an
important
decade
for
neuroscience?
hand.
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(C) What recent advances have been
(B) overly critical about the state of
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made to treat Alzheimers disease?
neuroscience prior to the 1990s.
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(D)
What
aspect
of
brain
functioning
do
(C)
unaware
of
the
complete
lack
of
new
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antidepressants affect?
neuroscience research.
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(E)
How
is
the
development
of
neuro(D)
not
attentive
enough
to
the
practical
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science likely to affect healthy
developments neuroscience research 7
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people?
has already made possible.
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(E) too focused on the importance of 7
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Alzheimers and Parkinsons Diseases. 7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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12
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7 65
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 7
13 Questions j Time20 Minutes

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7
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7
12Directions
for Student Produced Responses
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Notes:
7
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7
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7
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1.
All
numbers
used
are
real
numbers.
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7
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7
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2. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted.
7
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7
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7
3. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted.
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7
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7
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4. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in
7
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7
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answering
the
question.
The
figures
are
drawn
closely
to
scale
unless
otherwise
noted.
7
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7
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7
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7
12Enter
your responses to questions 113 in the
7
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Answer: 1.4
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7
12special
grids
provided
on
your
answer
sheet.
Either position is correct.
7
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7
12Input
your answers as indicated in the directions
7
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7
12below.
1
.
4
1 . 4
7
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O O
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O
7
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O O O
O O O
4
Decimal
7
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Answer: or 4/9
7
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O
O
O
point
O
O
O
9
7
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O O O

O O O
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
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7
122Write
answer
4 / 9
O O O O
O O O O
7
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boxes.
7
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O
O
O

O
O

Fraction
line
7
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O
O
O
O
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
Note: You may begin your answer in any col- 7
7
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O O O
O
7
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umn,
space
permitting.
Leave
blank
any
columns
O O O O
7
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7
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O O O O

not
needed.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
Grid in
7
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O O O O

7
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Writing
your
answer
in
the
boxes
at
the
top
result.
O O O O
7
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12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the columns will help you accurately grid 7
O O O O

7
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O O O O
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
your answer, but it is not required. You will 7
O OO
7
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only receive credit for an answer if the ovals 7
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7
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are filled in properly.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Only fill in one oval in each column.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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/

66

DIAGNOSTIC
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12
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7
12
If a problem has several correct answers,
Decimal Accuracy
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
just grid in one of them.
Decimal answers must be gridded as accu- 7
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7
12
There are no negative answers.
rately as possible. The answer 0.3333 . . . 7
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12
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7
12
must be gridded as .333.
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7
12

Never
grid
in
mixed
numbers.
The
answer
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12
1
Less accurate values, such as .33 are not 7
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7
12
3 must be gridded as 16/5 or 3.2. If
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7
12
acceptable.
5
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7
12
7
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is
gridded,
it
will
be
read
3 1 / 5
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7
12
1
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12
1
31
Acceptable ways to grid 5 .3333 . . . 7
O
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7
12
as , not 3 .
3
O O O O
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7
12
5
5
7
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O
O
O
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7
12
.
3
3
3
1
/
3
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7
12
O O O
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7
12
O O
O O O O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12

O O O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
7
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O
O
O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O
O O O
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7
12
O O O
O O O O
O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O
O O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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O
O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O
O O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O
O O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O
O O O O
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7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
1. A fair six-sided die has a number on each
5.
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7
12
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7
12
side one through six. If the die is cast,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
what
is
the
probability
of
rolling
a
prime
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12
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7
12
number?
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7
12
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12
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7
12
2. Five lines intersect at one point forming
7
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7
12
ten congruent angles. What is the sum of
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7
12
7
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the
measures
of
two
of
those
angles?
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12
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7
12
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7
12
3. If (3x2 1 6x 1 4)(2x 1 4) 5 ax3 1 bx2 1
7
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7
12
cx 1 d, what is the value of b for all
7
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If
the
radius
of
the
above
circle
is
8,
=
7
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values of x?
7
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what is the hypotenuse of the triangle?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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x
then
f(3)
equals
4.
If
f(x)
5
x
1
2
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12
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6. Car sales in County X jumped 10% from 7
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7
12
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7
12
May
to
June.
If
in
June
220
cars
were
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7
12
sold, how many were sold in May?
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 67
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/

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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7.
11. The average (arithmetic mean) of four
7
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distinct positive integers is 45. What is the 7
7
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(0, b)
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
greatest possible value of one of those four 7
7
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7
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integers?
7
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7
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3 3 3
7
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7
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If b4b4b2 5 8 then what does b equal?
12.
7
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(0, 0)
(8, 0)
7
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7
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13.
7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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m
7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
In
the
figure
above,
lines
l
and
m
are
7
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7
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perpendicular and are tangent to the circle.
7
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7
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What
is
the
value
of
b?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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In the figure above DABD is congruent to
7
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7
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8. If n is an integer whose cube root is an
DCBD, and mB 5 60. If AD 5 3, what
7
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2
7
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integer, and 7n . n , what is n?
is the perimeter of DABC?
7
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7
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7
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9. If a gallon of paint covers 400 square feet
7
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7
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of
wall
space
and
costs
$4.50,
what
is
the
7
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7
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cost, in dollars, of the paint required to
7
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7
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paint
ten
rooms
each
with
600
square
feet
7
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7
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of
wall
space
to
be
painted?
(disregard
7
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7
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dollar sign in gridding in answer)
7
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7
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7
1 10.
The
variable
a
is
an
integer.
If
7
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7
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2a
7
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2 6 , 23, what is a possible
2a ,
7
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5
7
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7
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value of a?
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 8
Essay
Time25 Minutes
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Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assignment that follows it.
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Consider the following statement.
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Because of technological advances, the world is becoming ___________.
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Assignment: Write an essay in which you complete the preceding statement. Explain the reasons behind 7
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69

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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www.petersons.com

DIAGNOSTIC
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When you are finished with your essay put your pencil down until the
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time allotted is over.
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STOP

Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
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Critical
Reading
Math
Writing
Critical
Reading
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1. A
11. E
1. C
12. B
1. B
16. C
1. D
15. E
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C
12.
A
2.
D
13.
D
2.
C
17.
C
2.
E
16.
C
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3. C
13. D
3. B
14. A
3. E
18. D
3. A
17. E
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E
14.
B
4.
D
15.
E
4.
D
19.
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4.
A
18.
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15. A
5. C
16. E
5. D
20. B
5. C
19. D
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16. C
6. E
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6. D
21. D
6. B
20. A
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17. A
7. B
18. D
7. B
22. E
7. D
21. B
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18. C
8. B
19. D
8. A
23. A
8. B
22. B
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19. D
9. C
20. C
9. C
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9. E
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20. E
10. C
21. E
10. D
25. A
10. B
24. A
7
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7
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11. B
11. C
26. B
11. C
25. E
7
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7
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12. A
27. C
12. C
26. C
7
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7
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13.
A
28.
A
13.
D
27.
B
7
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7
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14. E
29. A
14. C
7
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15.
E
30.
B
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Section 7
Section 6
Section 5
7
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Critical
Writing
Math
Math
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7
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7
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1. B
12. D
1. E
9. A
1. 0.5 or 1/2
8. 1
7
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7
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2.
C
13.
D
2.
D
10.
C
2.
72
9.
67.5
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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3. C
14. B
3. B
11. D
3. 24
10. 5, 6, or 7
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
11.
174
4.
D
15.
B
4.
C
12.
D
4.
11
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12.
2
5.
D
16.
E
5.
E
13.
B
5.
4
7
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7
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13. 18
6. B
17. A
6. C
14. E
6. 200
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7.
E
18.
C
7.
B
15.
D
7.
4
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
8. A
19. D
8. A
16. A
7
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7
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9. E
20. C
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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10. B
21. C
7
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11. A
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Section 8
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Essay
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As you might expect, answers will vary. If possible, politely ask a teacher, fellow student, or some
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
other person knowledgeable about formal essay writing to review your essay and provide
7
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feedback on ways in which your essay is commendable and on areas where it could be improved.
7
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7
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7
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Or, you can go to www.petersons.com/satessayedge for scoring and review of your essay.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
72 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

Answer Key

www.petersons.com

PART

III
Reviewing the Sections
Chapter 4: Critical Reading Section
A Game of Words You CAN Win 74
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

147

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing Section

Where Grammar Rules Rule 193
Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

263

PART III

Chapter

4
Critical Reading SectionA
Game of Words You CAN Win
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9
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The
Critical
Reading
section
on
the
new
SAT
was
known
as
the
Verbal
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9
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section on the old tests. Although the name has changed, most of the section
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remains the same. It is still composed of reading passages (500800 words)
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9
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followed by questions. Sentence completion problems are still around but
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9
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analogy questions are no longer part of the SAT. To replace the analogy
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questions, the College Board added spunky paragraph-length critical
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9
reading passages (approximately 100 words) with corresponding questions.
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Think of these passages as Chihuahuas and the 500800 words passages as
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Great Danes. Theyre the same animaljust different sizes.
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To review, the new Critical Reading (CR) section is made up of the
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following
three
sub-sections:
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9
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Sentence Completions
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Paragraph-length Critical Reading: Short reading passages (100
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words approximately) and corresponding questions
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Reading Comprehension: Long reading passages (500800 words)
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and
corresponding
questions
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In this chapter, well take a close look at each of the question types youll see
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in
the
Critical
Reading
section
and
offer
strategies
to
use
when
faced
with
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9
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the real thing at test time. Please note, this chapter focuses on reading
9
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9
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comprehension
questions
as
they
appear
on
the
new
SAT,
but
it
is
doubtful
9
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9
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that this will be the last time you ever face a reading comprehension
9
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9
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question.
In
fact,
following
the
reading
guidelines
here
might
just
make
you
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9
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a better reader on the whole, which is something that will help you
9
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9
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throughout the rest of your life. For now, though, the focus remains on
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the SAT.
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9
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9
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74

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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A
Leg
Up
on
Reading
Comprehension
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9
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Preparing for the Critical Reading section is similar to preparing for a
9
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9
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marathonwork early, slowly, and consistently to achieve the best results.
9
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9
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How
soon
you
start
studying
depends
on
how
many
other
activities
you
9
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9
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have going on in your life. The goal is to work through this book on a
9
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9
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consistent
basis
so,
if
you
are
a
member
of
four
different
charities
and
three
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9
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sports teams, you might want to open this book six months ahead of when
9
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9
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you plan to take the test. The same is true if you have a job that requires you
9
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9
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to work a lot. On the other hand, if you are able to clear your schedule and
9
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9
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focus solely on the new SAT, two months is probably a good amount of
9
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time. It will allow you to cover all the information at a nice pace and then
9
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take the SAT while your preparation is still fresh in your mind.
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9
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9
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Figuring out how much time you need to prepare effectively might
9
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9
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require
you
to
make
a
schedule.
Many
people
are
schedule-phobic,
but
9
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9
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it is very helpful if you can devote a specific number of hours each
9
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9
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week
to
studying,
and
then
stick
to
that
scheduleplan.
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9
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9
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Dont
fret
if
youre
just
cracking
open
this
book
two
weeks
before
you
face
9
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9
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the test for real. There are some simple and potentially entertaining
9
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9
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activities
you
can
do
to
help
boost
your
reading
fluency.
These
are
most
9
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9
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helpful when mixed in with the drill-and-practice methods most people
9
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9
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focus on when thinking about test preparation. The drill stuff is necessary,
9
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9
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but it can be mentally tiresome. In contrast, the activities below are not so
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9
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dully test-preppy, so they present a nice change of pace if you find
9
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yourself tired of working multiple-choice questions.
9
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9
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9
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Activities to Increase Your Reading Comprehension
9
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9
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1. Read books, Web sites, CD covers, the backs of
9
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cereal boxes . . .
9
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9
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Without a doubt, anything you read makes you a better reader, even if you
9
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9
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read gossip rags and monster truck magazines. Read whatever you want,
9
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9
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but if you want to gain an advantage over your test-mates, reach for
9
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9
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something
other
than
the
latest
issue
of
Bubblegum
Pop
Weekly.
Why?
The
9
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9
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more experience you have reading about stuff like science, social issues,
9
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9
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humanities,
and
current
events,
the
more
comfortable
youll
be
with
the
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9
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kind of subjects youll encounter on the exam.
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9
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The
newspaper
is
a
great,
all-in-one
resource
for
pumping
up
your
reading
9
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9
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prowess. Its like one-stop shopping for readers, providing texts in different
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9
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9 75
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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9
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formats, covering different topics, perspectives, and purposes. If you read
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9
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an
article
from
each
newspaper
section
on
a
daily
or
weekly
basis,
youll
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expose yourself to new information and practice reading different types of
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9
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texts
similar
to
those
in
the
CR
section.
For
example,
a
cover
story
might
be
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9
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informational, an editorial will express an opinion, an article from the
9
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9
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business section may reveal a cause-effect relationship, and a movie review
9
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will
analyze
a
film
with
a
critical
eye.
All
of
these
types
of
articles
are
9
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9
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reflected in the reading passages youll see on the test. Seeing them often in
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different
contexts
will
increase
your
comfort
level
and
skill
for
the
real
thing
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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later.
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9
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Regardless of what you read, make it a habit. You may need to shift your
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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schedule and cut out some of your preferred pastimes, like watching
9
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television or shopping with friends, but hey, this is not just any test. If you
9
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9
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cut out television a few weeks before the test, you can also console yourself
9
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9
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with
the
fact
that
there
are
always
reruns.
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Another way to work reading into your daily schedule is to do it
9
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9
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online. Choose a local or national newspaper and make a point to read
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9
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one
or
two
articles
from
it
everyday
before
checking
e-mail
or
surfing
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9
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the
Internet.
9
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9
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9
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2.
Get
Classic!
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While you read whatever you can get your hands on, dont leave out good
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ol
literature.
Even
if
you
think
you
read
enough
novels
in
your
language
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arts class, it never hurts to read a book or two on your own. The new SAT
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will include literary fiction passages for the first time ever. Of course, there
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are hundreds of books the College Board will choose from, but alternating
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your reading workout between simple periodical fare and more substantial
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novels touches on all of your reading muscles with equal weight.
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3. Hey Stripling, Augment Your Lexicon
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When
it
comes
to
preparing
for
the
CR
section,
reading
comprehension
and
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vocabulary development go hand in hand. A natural part of improving your
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own
reading
comprehension
is
also
increasing
(augmenting)
your
working
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vocabulary. A working vocabulary is exactly thatit works for you, not
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against you. To get your lexicon (stock of words that you know) into shape
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for the SAT, incorporate one or more of these verbal activities into your
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test-preparation routine.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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Keeping Track of New Words
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To really know a word, experts say you must encounter it and use it in more
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than one instance. You have to see it, hear it, and use it all in context. Pause
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to look up any unknown words you come across while you read. If you read
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online,
its
easy
to
open
an
online
dictionary
and
type
in
the
word.
You
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could also jot it down to look up later.
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However, if you dont want to interrupt your reading flow, try to come up
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with a definition of the word on your own by looking at the context and
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comparing
your
definition
to
the
real
thing
at
a
later
time.
You
can
use
this
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process to answer sentence completion and reading comprehension
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questions.
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Learn Words Directly through Word Study
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There are lots of great SAT vocabulary books available if you want to take
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the direct approach to vocabulary study. Some titles include Get Wise!
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Mastering Vocabulary Skills and Ultimate Word Success, which just happen
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to
be
published
by
the
same
company
that
publishes
this
book.
There
is
also
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the Ultimate Word List (Chapter 5), which does its best to include words
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that
tend
to
appear
frequently
on
standardized
tests.
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But, how do you do it? How do you move a new word from your mental
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desktop
to
your
long-term
hard
drive?
Well,
you
have
to
activate
your
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memory by connecting the new with the old. In this case, mentally connect
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the
new
word
with
stuff
you
already
know
or
have
experienced.
A
simple
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way
to
accomplish
this
is
by
making
up
sentences
using
the
new
vocabulary
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words. These sentences should apply to you in some way. For example,
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suppose youve just encountered the word lugubrious, and you have a
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cousin named Willy whos always sad and depressed. You could write the
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sentence:
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My
cousin
is
so
lugubrious
we
should
call
him,
Weeping
Willy.
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The word lugubrious and its meaning are now attached to something that
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already
existed
in
your
mind.
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Study the Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes
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Some vocabulary study books emphasize the study of word parts, such as
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roots, bases, prefixes and suffixes. Studying word parts is a great way to
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maximize your time and effort on vocabulary development. Knowledge of
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the root words of Latin, Greek, and French will help you recognize those
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word parts in other SAT words and will increase your vocabulary simply by
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9 77
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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association. If you know a root word and recognize it in a SAT word, but
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arent
sure
of
the
exact
meaning,
you
should
be
able
to
more
easily
infer
the
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meaning than if you had no prior knowledge of the root. For example, if
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you
come
across
the
word
malevolent
and
recognized
the
Latin
root
male,
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which means badly, you can safely guess that malevolent has a negative
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meaning.
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Word Play
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Another way to boost your vocabulary is to do some crossword puzzles.
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Youll learn to see words in new contexts and exercise your synonym
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replication skills which are handy and necessary for taking the CR section.
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Check out the numerous free online sites that offer word games,
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vocabulary-building activities and crossword puzzles for other ways to play
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with words and build your lexicon.
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9
Youll begin to increase your vocabulary just by reading, even if youre
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too lazy to stop and think about words you dont know. The more you
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read, the greater the chance of encountering unknown words. Even if
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youve
only
seen
the
word
once,
its
better
than
never,
and
your
recall
9
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of
the
initial
encounter
of
the
word
might
be
enough
prior
knowledge
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to help you answer a question correctly when you see the word again
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on the test.
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Sentence
Completion:
More
than
Meets
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the _______
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One of the best tricks to help you be comfortable and save time on the SAT
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is to familiarize yourself with the directions for the Sentence Completion
9
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(SC) section before you take the test. The directions will look something like
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this:
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Directions: Each of the following questions consists of an incomplete
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sentence
followed
by
five
words
or
pairs
of
words.
Choose
that
word
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or pair of words which, when substituted for the blank space or spaces,
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best
completes
the
meaning
of
the
sentence
as
a
whole.
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Sentence completions are no great mystery. Theyre just a sentence with one
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or two missing words followed by five answer choices. In previous years,
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9
the questions in this section were organized from easiest to most difficult
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and they appeared in groups of approximately 10 questions. The odds are
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Tip

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9
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good that the questions in this section will still be ranked from easiest to
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difficult
on
the
new
exam
and
that
they
will
also
appear
in
a
group.
The
9
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probability that the new SAT will have sentence completion questions
9
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sprinkled
throughout
a
section
exits,
but
it
is
slight.
Remember
that
the
new
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test is not, in all sections, a radical departure from the old. Its just a slight
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tweaking.
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Sentence completion questions focus on two things:
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1. Do you know the meaning of words in the sentence and answer
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choices?
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2. Do you understand the basic logic of the sentence?
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Pacing is important on the SAT. Try spending about 1 minute on every
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practice SC question on the first pass. If you have a good idea of the
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sentences
meaning
and
recognize
all
the
words
in
the
answer
choices,
9
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you may find you need only 30 seconds to answer. If 1 minute goes by
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and
youre
still
looking
for
the
word,
skip
over
that
question
and
come
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back to it later.
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If you can identify the structure and meaning of each sentence, youll find
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the best words to complete it. Vocabulary is an important part of this
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section. You may understand all of the words in the sentence but have
9
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9
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trouble with the hard words in the answer choices. On the other hand, you
9
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9
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may know the meaning of all of the answer choices, but not understand the
9
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sentence.
Combining
points
1
and
2
above
will
provide
you
with
the
best
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chance for success.
9
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Sentence
logic
describes
the
way
the
sentence
is
organizedits
building
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blocksand the main idea of the sentence. Understanding the sentences
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logic
means
youre
looking
at
both
the
structure
and
the
meaning.
With
SC
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questions, the word that does not appear is often critical to the meaning of
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the
sentence.
The
words
that
do
appear
offer
clues
to
the
missing
word,
and
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you must follow these clues to determine the missing word. The missing
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words location in the overall structure of the sentence also provides a clue
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to the meaning of the missing word. Where a word appears in relation to
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other words in a sentence is known as context. Context plays a huge part in
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figuring out what word goes where.
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SC
questions
with
two
blanks
compound
the
task
by
requiring
you
to
also
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determine the relationship between the two words that should be there, but
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arent.
Before
learning
more
about
these
double-blank
delights,
lets
first
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look at the basic steps you can use to answer an SC question.
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9 79
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Basic Steps for Answering a Sentence Completion
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9
Question
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1.
Read
For
the
Gist
of
the
Sentence
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Every sentence has a purpose. For example, some sentences state an opinion
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or viewpoint, others inform, and still others compare and contrast (to name
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just a few types). You must understand the main point, or gist, of a sentence
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completion sentence.
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In any SC question, use the sentence structure to help spot the type of word
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youre
looking
for.
Read
the
sentence
to
get
a
basic
understanding
of
what
it
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is about. When reading, make note of:
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Clue words that tip you off to the structure of the sentence and the
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words that will best fit in the blanks.
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Punctuation that helps with emphasis and word choice
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2. Make Up A Word that Would Fit In Each Blank
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Look
at
the
stem
sentence
and
think
of
the
type
of
word
that
would
best
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complete it WITHOUT looking at the choices. Make a prediction based on
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what
you
infer
from
the
stem
sentence.
You
dont
have
to
use
a
fancy
word
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to make your prediction, since the goal is to capture the right meaning, not
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the
exact
word.
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Read through the sentence again with your own word(s) inserted to get a
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basic
idea
of
what
the
sentence
needs
to
make
it
logically
plausible
and
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grammatically
correct.
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3. Compare Your Word with the Answer Choices
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Look
at
all
five
answer
choices
and
pick
one
that
most
closely
matches
the
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word you inserted on your own. Eliminate choices that contrast with your
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prediction.
Sometimes
the
right
answer
will
simply
be
a
difficult
synonym
of
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the word you imagined. For example, suppose you read a sentence, judged
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the
clues,
and
decided
that
the
missing
word
meant
sad
or
something
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along the lines of really depressing. You then look at the answer choices
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and spot the word lugubrious, which you know from earlier in this chapter,
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is
a
tough
vocabulary
word
that
means
extremely
sad
or
depressing.
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Theres your answer! It doesnt matter that you didnt come up with the
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word
lugubrious
to
start
with.
Whats
important
is
that
you
had
the
right
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idea, and you used that correct meaning to find the correct answer.
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80 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Alert!

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Put Things into Perspectiveor Context, Rather
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Use clues within a sentence to determine the context of that sentence. If you
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miss these subtle clues, then more than one answer choice may seem to
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work. This is no unlucky coincidence. The sentences and choices are
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deliberately
close
in
meaning
in
order
to
make
sure
you
read
carefully
and
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closely.
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Every question will have its own context-specific clue words that you can
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use to find the right answer. Some sentences may also be written in a way
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that
allow
you
to
maximize
the
context
of
the
sentence
in
order
to
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determine (or at least begin to determine) the meanings of words that
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should
go
in
the
blanks.
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The most frequently used context clues for SC questions will come in the
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form of:
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1. Contrast/antonym clues
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2.
Definition/explanation
clues
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3. General/inference clues.
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Lets take a closer look at these common SC clues.
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All
practice
questions
in
this
SC
section
will
have
a
number
in
front
of
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them ranging from [1] to [10]. This is done to simulate an actual SAT
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Sentence Completion section with ten questions ranging from easiest
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to hardest. The question here is number 5, meaning that should be of
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about
medium
difficulty.
Looking
at
the
answer
choices,
you
can
see
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that some of these words are tough, but thats pretty normal for a
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one-blank-only
medium
question.
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Contrast/Antonym Clues
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Contrast/antonym clues indicate a change or contrast between one thing
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and the other. Heres an example:
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[5] Unlike his earlier paintings, which attracted lukewarm response and
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were considered ______, his mid-career retrospective has received
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praise
for
its
energetic
originality
and
complexity.
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In
this
SC
question,
your
first
clue
is
the
first
word
of
the
sentence,
unlike.
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As
you
read
on,
you
see
that
the
sentence
is
basically
contrasting
an
artists
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earlier work to his later work. Since the artists later work was considered
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energetic,
original,
and
complex,
your
job
is
to
think
of
the
opposite
of
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9
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9 81
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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those words to fill in the blank. Some contrasting words might be boring,
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bland,
unoriginal,
and
simplistic.
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With one of these possible words in mind, you can zero in on the best
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answer
choice
can
be
done
by
eliminating
words
that
dont
match
your
own
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idea.
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[5] Unlike his earlier paintings, which attracted lukewarm response and
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were considered ______, his mid-career retrospective has received
9
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praise for its energetic originality and complexity.
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(A) insipid
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(B)
laconic
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(C) novel
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(D) prudish
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(E)
profuse
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The words boring, bland, or simplistic would seem to fit in the blank, but
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are not among the answer choices. So, which of these words is close in
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meaning to boring, bland or simplistic? Answer choice (C) is a positive
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word that means original or new, so it is the opposite of what youre
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9
looking for. Its there to catch students who didnt get the fact that the word
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unlike created a contrast between the artists new work and his old. Choice
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(A), insipid, has similar meaning to boring and unoriginal. Its your answer,
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and
you
can
feel
good
about
picking
it
because
you
anticipated
itor
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something like itwould be in the answer choices.
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Definition/Explanation Clues
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Sometimes
youll
see
an
SC
question
that
actually
defines
or
explains
the
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word
youre
looking
for.
These
often
come
with
helpful
punctuation
in
the
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9
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form of colons or semicolons which break the flow of the sentence and
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indicate elaboration of some kind, usually on the missing word. The
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structure is loosely based on a common dictionary format, which presents
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the word followed by a colon and its explanation.
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[8] Mrs. Crumb has long been considered a __________; she always
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insists
that
her
students
follow
her
classroom
procedures
without
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exception.
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(A)
hypocrite
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(B) dilettante
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(C) martinet
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(D) martyr
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(E) sycophant
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82 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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In this question, you can see how the semicolon breaks the sentence between
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the
missing
word
and
its
explanation.
Looking
at
this
context,
the
missing
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word should be something that indicates strictness and unwavering
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attitude,
based
on
the
description
of
Mrs.
Crumb
as
a
pretty
inflexible
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person. Equipped with this description, you can bet that the answer wont
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be martyr, which means, someone who makes sacrifices to further a
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cause,
since
that
doesnt
make
any
sense
whatsoever
given
the
sentences
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setting. You can eliminate choice (D) right off the bat.
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Hard SC problems can have some tough words in the answer choices, and
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this can be a bit frustrating. You might approach a sentence, decipher the
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clues well enough to divine the sentences meaning, and then come up with
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a good word. But then you look down at the answer choices and find five
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words youve never seen before. This illustrates how your knowledge of
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vocabulary plays an important part in your overall reading score. Before
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you
snap
your
Number
2
pencil
in
fury,
know
that
there
are
still
techniques
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you can use to answer an SC question even if you dont know what some of
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the
answer
choice
words
are.
These
techniques
will
be
covered
later
in
this
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9
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chapter. Until then, keep learning vocabulary!
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It
turns
out
Mrs.
Crumb
is
a
martinet,
someone
very
strict
about
rules.
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Inference/General Context Clues
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Another aspect of answering sentence completions involves your ability to
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make inferences. Making inferences can be tricky, because the process
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involves combining evidence you see in the sentence in combination with
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your
own
experiences
and
knowledge.
Words
or
phrases
will
not
be
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immediately clarified in these SC questions, because its your job to infer
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their
meanings
and
relationships
to
each
other
and
the
sentence
as
a
whole.
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Youll have to draw on your prior knowledge of the sentences key words
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and
how
youve
seen
them
used
in
the
past.
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In these instances, you have to rely on your own powers of inferencethe
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ability
to
piece
together
meaning
from
contextual
clues
in
the
sentence
and
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what you already know or can deduce. The process is complicated by the
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types of words missing. These absent words are often forms of verbs or
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adjectives, which can be used in a variety of contexts and arent bound to a
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particular subject or topic. Careful reading is key here, and you must also be
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aggressive and take a guess or two about the missing word. You might guess
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wrong at first, but taking charge of the question will lead you to the right
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answer more often than not.
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9 83
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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[4] Due to destructive fishing practices, such as bycatch, certain seafood
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populations
are
in
__________
decline.
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(A) steep
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(B)
temperate
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(C) voluminous
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(D)
erratic
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(E) halting
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With this SC question, you can see how inferring meaning comes from the
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clues plus your own prior knowledge. The first word clues are Due to,
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which tells you that one thing caused anotherdue to this, that is the result.
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The next clue is the phrase destructive practices. This is the actual cause of
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something,
and
it
wasnt
positive,
since
the
word
destructive
means
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something negative. Having prior knowledge of the fishing term bycatch
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could
help
you
here,
but
you
dont
need
to
know
what
it
means.
You
can
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infer that its not a good method, simply from the way its used as an
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example
of
destructive
fishing.
The
last
clue
comes
at
the
enddecline.
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Usually
a
decline
indicates
something
negative,
too.
So
based
on
your
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knowledge of these words, and the cause/effect pattern of this sentence, the
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9
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word
youre
looking
for
should
be
something
negative.
It
might
be
a
word
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like dangerous, scary, or depressing, or it might be an adjective that
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reinforces
the
word
decline.
Answer
choice
(A),
steep,
reinforces
the
severity
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of
the
decline,
and
its
the
best
answer
of
the
lot.
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Clue in to Clue Words
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Sentence completion questions will often contain some type of signal or key
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word. These words sometimes reinforce the way a sentence is going, like the
9
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word
and
in
the
following
sentence:
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Everyone
on
the
tour
was
thrilled
by
the
grand
and
__________
palace.
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9
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For such a small sentence, its got a ton of clues. You know that its a grand
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palace,
and
that
everyone
was
thrilled.
The
word
after
and
is
going
to
keep
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9
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up the positive, gushy-gushy nature of this sentence. Think of something
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like magnificent or exquisite. They mean roughly the same thing, but
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exquisite is the less common word.
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Words like and make things easier since they continue the flow of the
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sentence. You wont get too many of these on the softball SC questions on
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the
SAT,
but
when
you
do,
hit
them
out
of
the
park.
Words
that
change
the
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9
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direction of a sentence occur more often than words that continue the flow.
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This
makes
sense,
since
its
a
simple
way
to
make
a
sentence
tougher
to
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decipher. The word Unlike in the previous example on page 82 is one word
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84 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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that changes the flow. You saw how the artist started out as insipid, but then
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ended
up
being
energetically
original.
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The following words are all clue words that either continue or change the
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flow
of
a
sentence.
Review
the
words
and
determine
for
yourself
if
each
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word is likely to change the flow or continue the flow.
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but
until
while
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however
so
unlike
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and
for
before
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although
because
never
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despite
still
even though
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unfortunately
but
therefore
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regardless
not
as a result
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actually
by contrast
due to
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after
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Look
for
these
words
whenever
you
read
and
you
will
see
them
in
action,
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9
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changing the context of a sentence faster than a speeding bullet. Once you
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start looking for them, youll find them everywhere, including the pages of
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this book. (I confess that I am a big fan of however.) If you spend time
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learning how they work on non-SAT sentences, it will help you whenever
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you encounter them on an SAT sentence completion question.
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By now, you should have a fairly good idea of how to approach a SC
9
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9
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problem. Heres a sample question and step-by-step discussion of proper
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strategy
in
case
you
are
a
little
fuzzy
about
anything.
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[4] Although no bigger than a bottle cap, the coqui frog emits a
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________ screech as loud as a vacuum cleaner.
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9
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(A) keen
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(B)
malodorous
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(C) strident
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(D)
subtle
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(E) reticent
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Step
1:
Decode
the
Sentence
for
Meaning
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Dont worry about whether youve ever heard of a coqui frog before. All
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you
need
to
know
about
this
little
fellow
is
the
kind
of
noise
it
makes.
If
you
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9
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wanted
to
restate
the
sentence
in
your
own
words,
you
could
say
something
9
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9
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like, The sentence deals with a little frog that makes a noise that sounds
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like a household appliance.
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9
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9 85
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Now, focus on any clue words. The clue word although signals a contrast
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between
the
appearance
of
the
frog
and
what
it
can
do.
Even
though
the
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9
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frog is super small, it can be as loud as a vacuum cleaner. Vacuum cleaners
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are
typically
pretty
loud.
Adding
the
fact
that
this
tiny
creatures
call
is
being
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9
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compared to a vacuum cleaners noise means it cant be pleasant. How
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many vacuum cleaners purr like a kitten? Other contextual clue words are
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screech
as
loud
as.
A
screech
is
an
unpleasant
sound.
Taking
all
these
clues
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into account, what youre looking for is a word that shows how loud, and
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annoying,
this
frog
can
be.
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Step 2: Supply Your Own Word
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If you were to supply your own word for the blank, what would it be? Say
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the
sentence
aloud
in
your
mind,
including
blank
for
the
blank
space.
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Doing this can help activate your brain into substituting appropriate words
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to
complete
the
sentence.
The
question
is
asking
for
an
adjective
that
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describes the quality of the sound the coqui frog makes. Youre looking for
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a
word
that
deals
with
sound,
and
an
unpleasant
sound
at
that.
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Some possibilities:
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Although no bigger than a bottle cap, the coqui frog emits a harsh,
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annoying, noisy, irritating screech as loud as a vacuum cleaner.
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Step
3:
Compare
Your
Word(s)
to
the
Answer
Choices
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Look at the choices to see which word(s) works. Which of these choices best
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match
your
imagined
word?
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Choice (A) wouldnt work, since keen can mean sharp or sensitive.
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Neither
definition
is
what
you
are
looking
for.
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Choice (B) is out, because the frog isnt stinky, just noisy, and
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malodorous basically means bad smelling.
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Choice
(C),
strident,
could
work,
and
if
you
were
unsure
about
its
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meaning, youd have to go on to the other choices before making a final
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selection.
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Choices (D) and (E) dont work either, because they just plain dont
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make
sense.
Something
subtle
is
something
thats
hard
to
notice,
and
the
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frog doesnt seem reticent, or unwilling, to belt out sound, especially
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if
its
compared
to
a
vacuum
cleaner.
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9
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So, its back to choice (C), strident. Because everything else has been
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eliminated for good reason, thats your answer. In this case, you didnt find
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the right answer so much as cross out all the wrong answers and pick the
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9
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86 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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only answer remaining. Thats good, since it shows how using good
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9
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technique
can
help
you
get
a
right
answer
even
if
you
dont
know
what
a
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word means.
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9
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Blankity-Blank: Sentence Completions with
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Two Words Missing
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A sentence completion with two blanks is both a blessing and a curse. Its a
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blessing since both words have to work in the sentence, which can make
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eliminating some answer choices easy. Its a curse since you have to figure
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out the relationship between the two words in the pair before determining
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which answer choices will most logically complete the sentence.
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With these SC questions, its all about relationship. How do the missing
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words
relate
to
each
other?
Do
they
compare
and
contrast?
Do
they
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establish a cause and effect? Are they synonyms or antonyms?
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With
two-blank
sentences,
there
are
two
things
to
remember:
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1. Figure out the relationship between the pair of words.
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2. Both words in the answer choices have to work in the blanks.
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Although there are two blanks, these are still SC problems. This means you
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9
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should
follow
the
same
basic
steps
you
did
with
a
one-blank
problem.
Use
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clues
in
the
sentence
and
try
to
figure
out
which
words
best
fit
in
the
blanks.
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9
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Sometimes youll find clues in the pair of missing words in the answer
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choices
rather
than
in
the
sentence.
To
describe
this,
think
of
this
sentence
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9
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about the weather.
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The weather this afternoon was __________ and __________.
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There are no clues in the sentence to tell you how the weather is. However,
9
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you do know the relationship between the two missing words. Theyre
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related,
linked
together
by
the
continue-the-flow
word
and.
If
your
choices
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were:
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hot. .cold
wet. .muggy
dry. .humid
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The
answer
would
have
to
be
the
words
wet
and
muggy.
The
other
two
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9
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choices contain words that are opposite in meaning, and you know from the
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9
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word and that the two words have to be similar in meaning.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 87
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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[9] Despite Nikolai Teslas contemporary status as a __________
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scientist,
people
in
the
1800s
initially
considered
his
ideas
about
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wireless communication highly __________.
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(A) admirable. .plausible
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(B) frivolous. .spurious
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(C) laudable. .farcical
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(D) loathed. .licentious
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(E) talented. .prescient
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First
read
for
the
gist
of
the
sentence.
Basically,
the
sentence
deals
with
a
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change in peoples perception and attitude toward Tesla over time. The clue
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words
that
indicate
this
transition
are
despite,
contemporary,
and
people
in
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the 1800s initially. Despite signals a contrast between the way people think
9
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of him now (contemporary), and the way people in the 1800s initially
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thought
of
him
in
his
own
day.
More
specifically,
peoples
attitudes
toward
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Tesla have changed as a result of technological advances in the wireless
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communications industry. In the 1800s, scientists were still working on
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getting electricity up and running, and wires were a big part of making this
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happen. So wireless communication back then may have seemed as wacky a
9
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concept as sending a man to the moon, which we know is not such an
9
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impossible feat, either.
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If you were to predict what words that might fill in the blanks, what would
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they
be?
To
do
this,
use
your
understanding
of
the
sentences
logic
and
9
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9
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meaning. The relationship between the two blanks is one of contrast. Both
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words
will
be
adjectives
describing
that
contrast,
so
the
words
will
have
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9
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opposite meanings. Since Teslas status has changed for the better, the first
9
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word
should
be
one
indicating
a
positive
attitude
about
his
reputation.
The
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second
blank
is
negative
in
connotation,
since
Teslas
own
contemporaries
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were skeptical about anything so ahead of its time.
9
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Looking at the relationship between these missing words, generate your
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9
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own words to fill in the blanks:
9
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9
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Despite Nikolai Teslas contemporary status as a great, smart,
9
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9
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innovative, clever, respected scientist, people in the 1800s initially
9
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considered his ideas about wireless communication highly wacky,
9
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9
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off-base,
unbelievable,
impossible.
9
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9
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9
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The
best
way
to
attack
a
two-blank
SC
problem
is
to
go
one
blank
at
a
time.
9
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9
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Remember,
both
words
need
to
work
in
their
respective
blanks
equally
well.
9
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9
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If you work one blank at a time, you can use POE to help you eliminate
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choices
that
are
half-great,
half-bad.
All
too
often,
students
working
a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
two-blank SC problem pick an answer that has one word that works great
9
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9
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88 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Note

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9
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9
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9
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even though the second word is not a good fit. They do this because they
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
dont
look
at
each
blank
individually.
If
you
do,
you
will
end
up
with
an
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer that has two words that work in the sentence, even if theyre not the
9
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9
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most
spectacular
pair.
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9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Think
of
these
as
a
pair
of
shoesboth
should
fit
equally
well
in
order
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to balance out the sentences logic.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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For this sample question, start with the first blank. (The order is not really
9
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9
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important,
and
you
can
start
with
the
second
word
if
you
want
that
to
be
9
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9
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your thing.) You want a positive adjective to describe Teslas reputation,
9
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9
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so
you
are
looking
for
a
word
along
the
lines
of
great,
smart,
innovative,
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9
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clever, respected.
9
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(A) admirable. .plausible
9
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.spurious
(B)
frivolous.
9
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(C) laudable. .farcical
9
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.licentious
(D)
loathed.
9
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9
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(E)
talented.
.prescient
9
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9
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9
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Choices (B) and (D) are definitely out. Frivolous doesnt make any sense; his
9
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9
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ideas in his heyday may have seemed frivolous, but not now. Also, Tesla
9
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9
isnt loathed today, hes actually respected.
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9
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9
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By
using
POE
and
working
one
blank
at
a
time,
you
give
yourself
an
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9
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advantage on every two-blank question. If you had no idea what was in the
9
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9
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second
blank
of
this
problem,
you
would
still
have
a
one-in-three
chance
of
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9
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getting
it
correct
now
that
(B)
and
(D)
are
crossed
out.
If
you
dont
know
9
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9
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any of the vocabulary words in the remaining three answer choices, you
9
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9
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could
still
take
a
guess.
Odds
of
one-in-three
might
not
sound
great,
but
on
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9
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a hard problem theyre pretty good.
9
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9
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Guessing aside, choices (A), (C), and (E) require some closer inspection. The
9
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9
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first words of these pairs could all work, since they positively describe
9
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9
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Teslas status. Move on to the second word in each pair and compare them
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9
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to your predictions for the second blank. Which word most closely matches
9
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wacky, off-base, unbelievable, or impossible? Plausible is the opposite of
9
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9
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impossible, so choice (A) can be eliminated. Your next choice is farcical,
9
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9
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which
means
ridiculous,
based
on
the
word
farce.
So
choice
(C)
might
9
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9
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work, since you want a word that is close in meaning to wacky or
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
unbelievable.
Before
choosing
(C),
you
have
to
look
at
choice
(E).
Prescient
9
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9
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means to have foresight. Someone who is prescient is someone who is
9
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9
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9 89
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

Note

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9
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9
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ahead of his time. Tesla was ahead of his time if he was able to come up with
9
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9
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wireless
communication,
but
according
to
the
sentence,
people
thought
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
those ideas were ridiculous. So, (E) wouldnt work. The best answer is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choice
(C).
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9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If
you
didnt
know
the
meaning
of
plausible,
you
may
have
inferred
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
what it means since that word has been used twice already in this
9
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9
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chapter.
9
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9
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9
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9
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As the example shows, two-blank SC problems often contain a high number
9
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9
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of
difficult
vocabulary
words.
Thats
why
working
one
blank
at
a
time
and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
using POE is such an important strategy for these problems. If you do this,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
should
be
able
to
eliminate
some
answer
choices
and
then
take
a
good
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
guess.
9
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9
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9
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9
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The Positives and Negatives of SC
9
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9
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Thinking in terms of positive and negative can help narrow down answer
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choices when youve maxed out other techniques. The positive and negative
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
meanings
of
words
are
based
in
their
denotative
and
connotative
meanings.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
For instance, the word thrifty conjures up specific ideas and associations in
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
comparison
with
those
for
the
word
stingy.
If
you
were
to
give
a
positive
or
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
negative sign to these words, chances are thrifty would be positive, and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
stingy
would
be
negative,
although
they
are
very
close
in
meaning.
If
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
can
determine
whether
the
missing
word
is
supposed
to
be
positive
or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
negative, you can use the connotative vibe of that word to generate your
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
own
possible
synonyms
while
eliminating
those
from
the
answer
choices
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that dont make sense.
9
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9
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9
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Connotation
and
Denotation
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Every word has at least one denotative and connotative meaning. The
9
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easiest way to remember which is which is to connect denotative to a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
words dictionary definition, and connotative to the gut reaction
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
response
you
have
to
the
word.
Connotative
meanings
are
more
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
emotional and suggestive, whereas a words denotative meaning is
9
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9
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literal. Because of the subjective nature of connotations, they can be
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
positive
or
negative.
Denotations
tend
to
be
more
neutral.
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
Use the fact that denote and dictionary both start with the letter d to
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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link those two concepts together in your head.
9
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9
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9
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90 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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9
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9
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9
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To use the plus/minus method, you should have already gone through the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
basic
steps
for
answering
a
SC
question,
including
coming
up
with
your
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
own answer. Read the sentence again to see whether the blank or blanks
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
should
be
filled
by
a
positive
or
negative
word.
You
can
even
write
a
minus
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sign (2) or a plus sign (1) in the blanks to represent the type of word that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
should go there. Now, look at the answer choices and eliminate those that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
dont
match
the
positive/negative
connotations
of
your
projected
answer.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Be careful, however, of answer choices that may seem positive or negative,
9
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9
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but also have completely different meanings. If youre looking for a word
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that is positive, and there are three answer choices with positive
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
connotations, you cant safely bet that your choice will be correct. You have
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to try some of the other sleuthing methods offered here in this chapter, such
9
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as looking at the roots/word parts while making connections between
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
words you know and similarities you see in the answer choices.
9
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9
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9
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To be honest, using positive/negative will never be considered the worlds
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
greatest
technique.
However,
it
is
yet
another
tool
you
have
at
your
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
disposal,
and
can
help
you
get
closer
to
the
right
answer
on
certain
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
SC problems.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Reading Comprehension: So Many Words, So
9
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9
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Little
Time
9
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9
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Most of your time on the Critical Reading section will be spent working on
9
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9
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the longer reading passages. These passages take the most time to read, and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
they
have
the
most
questions
attached
to
them.
It
makes
sense
to
learn
9
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9
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about these lengthier passages first, and then move on to the morsel-sized
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(100-word)
reading
passages.
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The Long Reading Comprehension Passages
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The Reading Comprehension section of the SAT is typical of most
9
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standardized
tests.
Theres
a
passage
composed
of
several
paragraphs
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followed by several multiple-choice questions. You may have one very long
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passage, two shorter separate passages, or two paired passages. All of these
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variations will then have five to thirteen questions after them. The passages
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themselves will range from 500 to 800 words.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 91
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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This long reading comprehension passages make up a section that is
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appropriately
named
Critical
Reading
(CR),
since
you
will
be
tested
on
how
9
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carefully and keenly you read in a short period of time. Not only must you
9
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understand
whats
happening
in
the
passage,
you
also
need
to:
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Figure out the meanings of words in context.
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Isolate and connect details.
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Determine the authors perspective.
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Understand
the
point
of
view.
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Determine the main idea.
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Those are the main items, but there are others, too. Youll also be asked to
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infer meaning based on stated details, which is one of the more complex
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tasks of reading.
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In a nutshell, the CR section tests your reading fluency. It wants to see how
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well you can read for the details, meaning, and message of a text. The
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reading
passages
are
designed
to
measure
your
ability
to
identify
genre,
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relationships among parts of a text, cause and effect, rhetorical devices, and
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comparative
arguments.
They
will
be
crafted
to
more
closely
reflect
the
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types of reading and critical analysis youre already doing as part of your
9
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high
school
coursework.
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The passages themselves will come from a range of fields:
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Natural
Sciences
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Humanities
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Social Sciences
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Literary Fictionthis is new!
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The questions after each passage are NOT arranged by difficulty. That
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9
means that the first question may be the most challenging to answer, rather
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than the last one. Instead, the questions are arranged in rough chronological
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order as they relate to the passage. For example, a question that relates to
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the first sentence in paragraph 1 will appear first in the set of questions that
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follows that passage. Most questions will also include a reference to a
9
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specific
paragraph
or
line
number
that
corresponds
to
the
passage.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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The directions for this section are quite simple and to the point. They will
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look
something
like
this:
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Directions: Answer the questions below based on the information in
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the
accompanying
passage.
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Getting Into the Act of Active Reading
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It
would
be
hard
to
describe
the
content
of
reading
passages
as
exciting
or
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9
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riveting. It could be done, but probably only on a dare. You might find a
9
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passage about some historical figure or current trend that youre really into,
9
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but its doubtful. Instead, expect to encounter dry writing about bland
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9
topics. Such bland safe writing can be a chore to read, since it can cause
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your mind to wander in search of better things to think about. Worse, you
9
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might groan and jump to the questions, randomly choosing answers to put
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yourself out of your misery.
9
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The
way
to
avoid
this
trap
is
to
practice
active
reading,
or
reading
with
a
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purpose. The most obvious purpose is to read to answer the questions. To
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do
this,
you
first
want
to
actively
search
for
the
overall
idea
of
the
passage.
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Often
the
main
idea
is
connected
to
the
authors
purpose
or
perspective.
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Each paragraph, linked together, forms the whole picture of the passage,
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and
the
individual
paragraphs
hold
the
details
that
support
that
main
idea.
9
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As you read, try to decipher the authors main purpose for writing the text,
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and what the overall idea might be.
9
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Every passage will have a brief italicized introduction before it. Dont skip
9
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this! It can offer clues about the authors purpose and possibly the main idea
9
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of the passage. Besides clues, it will often flat out tell you the type of passage
9
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it isan excerpt from a novel, a speech, a journal article, a descriptive essay.
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Heres an example passage introduction:
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The following passage analyzes one of Eudora Weltys short stories.
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You dont need to know who Eudora Welty is, but note the word analyzes,
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which is a word you do know. The purpose of this passage is to analyze the
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story. This means the author will be critical. Knowing this, ask yourself,
9
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What
kind
of
argument
does
the
author
make
about
this
story?
This
9
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point, or purpose, is basically the main idea of the passage. You want to
9
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figure
out
the
authors
thesis,
then
look
and
see
what
details
support
this
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9
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controlling ideawhat evidence is there in the passage to back it up. There
9
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9
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9
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9
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9 93
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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9
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will only be one central idea in each passage, with lots of supporting details.
9
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Reading
actively
will
help
you
trace
the
development
of
an
argument
over
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9
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several paragraphs.
9
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9
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There is a great deal of overlap between actively reading a CR passage
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and creating your essay for the Writing section of the SAT. For the
9
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9
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reading
passages,
you
are
analyzing
existing
writing
to
understand
9
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how the main idea and supporting details fit together. When you get to
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the
essay
section
in
Chapter
6,
the
process
will
be
reversed.
You
will
be
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9
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creating the main idea and supporting details, and the SAT essay
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readers will be analyzing your essay the same way you judged the
9
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reading passages.
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9
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Using your pencil is another quality of active reading. Make notations or
9
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underline
key
points
as
you
read.
Each
paragraph
should
have
its
own
main
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idea, usually conveyed in a topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph.
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Underline
these
if
you
see
them.
This
isnt
a
failsafe
method,
though,
9
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because some paragraphs make their point at the end or combine several
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sentences
to
get
the
idea
across
to
the
reader.
What
you
can
do
is
come
up
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9
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with
a
main
idea
word,
phrase,
or
sentence
for
each
paragraph
and
jot
it
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down in the margin. You can use those notes later when delving back into
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the
passage
to
answer
specific
questions.
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Fact vs. Fiction: Types of CR Passages
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In
the
past,
the
SATs
reading
passages
were
strictly
expository
nonfiction,
9
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which means they were very information-based and fact heavy. The new
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SAT
will
include
passages
of
literary
fiction,
which
is
quite
different
from
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9
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expository writing. Armed with this knowledge, you wont be thrown by an
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excerpt
from
Hemingway,
followed
by
an
articles
about
erosion
and
the
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Grand
Canyona
juxtaposition
(good
vocabulary
word!)
that
could
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happen on the new test.
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Expository Writing
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Expository writing is used to explain, describe, give information or inform.
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The basic intent is to expose the reader to new ideas, often with the intent to
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persuade or argue. It may include facts, statistics, research findings, or
9
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quotations as evidence to support a view. These passages may also include
9
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9
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more
specialized
vocabulary.
However,
any
unfamiliar
technical
words
will
9
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9
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be defined in the margins of each passage.
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9
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94 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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Textual
9
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Pattern
Description
Signal
Words
While
Reading
.
.
.
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9
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for
example,
Think
about
how
Author
describes
Description
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9
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characteristics are
the description
a topic through
9
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supports the main
examples, listing
9
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idea
features or
9
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characteristics
9
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Note how the
on (date), not long
Author lists
Sequence/
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sequence
connects
after,
now,
as,
facts,
events,
Chronology
9
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9
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to the authors
before, after, when,
concepts in
9
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9
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purpose
first,
second,
then,
chronological
or
9
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9
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finally, during, until
numerical order
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Look for opposites/
Author discusses despite, only...but
Comparison9
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9
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contrasting sides
also, meanwhile,
similarities or
Contrast
9
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of the topics
although, however,
differences
9
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9
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discussed
but,
as
well
as,
on
about
one
or
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9
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the other hand, not
more issues, or
9
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9
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either...or,
while,
yet,
aspects
of
a
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unless,
nevertheless,
topic.
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otherwise, similarly,
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NOTE: Paired
9
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compared to
passages may
9
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9
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show contrast9
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ing
views
on
a
9
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topic.
9
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Note
the
chain
Author
lists
cause,
effect,
Cause-Effect
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reaction
effect
of
because,
since,
9
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9
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the causes and
therefore, conse9
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effects.
quently, as a result,
9
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this
led
to,
so,
so
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that, nevertheless,
9
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accordingly,
if
.
.
.
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then, thus
9
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Identify
the
because,
cause,
since,
Author
traces
a
Problem9
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problems first and
therefore, conseproblem and its
Solution
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see what solutions
quently, as a result,
resulting
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are offered.
this led to, so, so
solution
9
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that, nevertheless,
9
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accordingly,
if123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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....then, thus
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9
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9 95
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Expository writing from three of the four fieldsnatural sciences, social
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sciences,
and
the
humanitieswill
usually
fall
into
one
of
these
formats,
or
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textual patterns, described in the chart on page 95. These patterns will
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9
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apply
to
the
passages
youll
see
from
three
of
the
four
fields:
natural
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9
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sciences, social sciences, and the humanities.
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Literary
Fiction
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A literary fiction passage is like a story. There is a beginning, middle, and an
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end, usually in that order unless the author gets all artsy and start things at
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the end. The passages could be from a short story or from a novel. Even
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though they will be narrative in nature, the passages may be very descriptive or
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introspective rather than action-based. Most likely the selected passage will
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come from somewhere deep within the source novel or story, with just a simple
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italicized blurb before it. The questions will ask you to reflect on and evaluate
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some aspect of that passage, such as on a characters decisions or motivations,
9
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just
as
you
would
the
authors
purpose
in
an
expository
passage.
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Basic
Strategy
for
Tackling
all
the
Long
Critical
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Reading Passages
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You
can
approach
any
text
in
the
same
way.
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1. Read the Italicized Introduction
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This can often clue you in to the authors purpose and attitude
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toward the subject. Note any words that suggest the type of pas9
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sage, the kind of argument the author might make, and the pas9
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sages overall main idea.
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2. Read the Questions Next
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People
debate
back
and
forth
about
whether
you
should
read
the
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9
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passage
first
or
the
questions
first.
In
a
perfect
world,
you
would
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read the passage at your leisure and respond at length to any
9
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question asked. Since a timed test is not a perfect world, you have
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9
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to cut corners wherever you can. Read the questions before diving
9
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9
into the passage. You can underline key words in the question
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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stems and keep them in mind as you read. The questions will direct
9
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9
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you to the part of the passage that youll need to help answer them,
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usually in the form of line or paragraph references.
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If you come across something in a paragraph that connects to a
9
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9
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question,
mark
it
in
the
passage.
Often,
a
question
connects
to
a
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9
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detail
or
issue
in
the
passage
that
will
change
or
develop
through
a
9
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9
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series of paragraphs. If a reference line number is not given, then
9
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9
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you
can
use
your
notes
to
go
back
to
the
passage
and
double-check
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9
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what the best possible answer may be.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Note

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3. Skim the Passage, (Keeping Questions In Mind).
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Skimming
the
passage
means
reading
with
big
but
fast
eyes
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9
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reading as quickly as you can while still understanding the
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material.
You
should
have
the
questions
in
mind,
and
keep
a
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lookout for details that relate to those questions. At the same time,
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youre also reading to get the gist of the passage as a whole. Dont
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9
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mull
over
every
little
detail,
since
that
will
just
slow
you
down,
and
9
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9
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might not be relevant to any of the questions. Think of it as
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mentally
jogging.
Youre
not
sprinting,
but
not
lazily
strolling,
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9
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either.
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4. Answer the Questions As You Skim the Passage
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Skip harder questions and come back to them after answering the
9
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easier ones. If you come across a question that deals with the
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general tone or summary of the passage, you may need to answer
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9
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the
other
questions
first,
simply
because
the
answers
to
the
other
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questions can help give you a good idea as to the overall picture of
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9
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the
text
and
a
better
chance
at
answering
the
question
correctly.
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Once you answer all the questions, stop reading. The goal is to
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answer
questions,
not
read
the
passage.
Move
on
to
the
next
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9
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passage and repeat the four steps just described.
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2gether 4ever: The Paired Passages
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Most reading passages you encounter will be stand-alone essays, but
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occasionally two passages will appear together. These are commonly known
9
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as the paired reading passages. Paired passages give you two different views
9
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on a related topic or theme. These views may be related, they may contrast,
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or
they
may
connect
or
support
one
another.
Some
questions
will
pertain
to
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9
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a specific passage, and others will relate to both passages together.
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9
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9
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Imagine two passages praising peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. The
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first
passage
talks
about
the
history
of
peanut
butter,
while
the
second
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9
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passage focuses on how grape jelly is made. Both passages talk about
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pb&j sandwiches, but they have different views about the same topic.
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Definitely answer all the questions on the first passage first and then answer
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all the questions about the second passage. Then move on to the questions
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that refer to both passages. Be mindful that since these questions are
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arranged chronologically, those on both passages may not necessarily be the
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hardest, but answering them last gives you the added advantage of having
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9 97
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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thought about the passages more by responding to them individually with
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their
own
questions.
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9
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Paired passages may look strange, but you should handle them as you
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would
any
other
stand-alone
RC
passages.
The
only
real
difference
is
the
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9
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dual-passage questions. Before tackling these problems it helps to ask
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yourself,
How
are
the
two
passages
related
to
each
other?
Do
they
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9
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contrast viewpoints, or do they agree? Understanding the similarities and
9
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differences between the two passages will help you answer the question
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about both passages.
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If the dual passage questions seem tough to you, simply save the paired
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passages until the end and answer all the other questions in the section first.
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9
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You
can
then
answer
all
the
one
passage
questions
first.
If
you
dont
have
a
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9
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great deal of time to spend on the dual passage questions, look them over
9
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9
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and
see
if
you
can
take
an
educated
guess.
These
problems
typically
require
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9
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some work to answer, and there are better ways to earn points than
9
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9
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spending
large
amounts
of
time
answering
them.
Another
way
to
state
this
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9
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is
to
say,
Dont
rush
through
easier
problems
in
order
to
have
more
time
to
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9
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work on difficult, involved questions. Every question counts the same.
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Critical Reading Question Types: Seeing the Forest
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for the Trees
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According to the College Board, there are three categories of questions
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following the critical reading passages:
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Question
Description
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Vocabulary
covers vocabulary used in a specific context in the
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in Context
passage.
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Literal
deals with supporting details and ideas, marked by
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Comprehension the use of line or paragraph references.
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Extended
requires
you
to
synthesize
and
analyze
information.
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Reasoning
These questions include identifying cause and effect,
9
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making
inferences,
recognizing
implications,
evaluat123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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ing the authors assumptions and purpose, and follow9
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ing the logic of an argument. Most of the questions in
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this
section
will
be
in
this
category.
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9
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9
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9
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98 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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There are variations of these question types that well break down further.
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9
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After
learning
about
each
of
them,
youll
get
a
chance
to
see
them
in
action
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in connection with the sample passage on page 106.
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Vocabulary-in-Context Questions
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Vocabulary-in-context questions are very direct. They ask you about the
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meaning of a vocabulary word within a specific context in the passage. They
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include a line reference and five choices. The words usually have more than
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one meaning, which can make the questions tricky. Whats important to
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remember is that the most obvious definition of the word is not necessarily
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the best choice. The key is context, and the test-makers will intentionally
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choose a word with shades of meaning that are dependent on the context of
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the
sentence.
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Vocab-in-Context
questions
will
look
something
like:
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The word trifling in line 5 could best be replaced by
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In line 53, the word inculcated means
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When faced with a vocabulary question, you can apply techniques similar to
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the ones used to answer a sentence completion question:
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Reread the line containing the word or phrase, along with the lines
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above
and
below
it,
especially
if
the
line
is
the
first
sentence
in
a
new
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paragraph.
Another
good
way
to
state
this
is
to
read
the
sentence
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before the word occurs, the sentence the word occurs in, and then the
9
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sentence
after
the
word
occurs.
This
should
give
you
sufficient
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context to understand the meaning of the word.
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Think of your own word or phrase to replace the one in question.
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With your substitution in mind, read through the answer choices and
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choose the one that best matches your own word choice.
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The
fact
that
you
use
the
same
strategy
on
RC
vocab
questions
and
SC
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9
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problems illustrates an important point. Most strategies are recyclable. The
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more
comfortable
you
get
using
them,
the
more
opportunities
you
find
to
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9
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use them. The process feeds on itself, and this is why its important for you
9
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9
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to
try
strategies
and
techniques
on
all
the
sample
questions
you
encounter
in
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9
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this book. The better acquainted you become with the strategies, the easier
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9
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it will be for you to use them on the real SAT.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 99
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Phrase/Expression Questions
9
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Chances
are
good
that
youll
see
at
least
one
of
these
questions.
A
common
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phrase or expression is framed in quotation marks or italicized, and youre
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asked
to
either
interpret
its
meaning
or
decide
how
or
why
it
is
used
by
the
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author. In some cases, these questions are similar to vocabulary-in-context
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questions, because they ask you to paraphrase the highlighted phrase. In
9
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9
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other
situations,
you
have
to
first
interpret
its
meaning,
and
then
figure
out
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what the author meantthe intention behind the expression, so to speak.
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Phrase/Expressions questions will look like:
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In context, nail-biting experience (line 23) suggests that
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The
phrase
back
on
his
feet
(line
49)
most
nearly
means
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To solve these questions, apply the same techniques you used to solve the
9
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vocabulary-in-context
questions.
(Recycling
at
work
again!)
The
phrase
can
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be translated into more common words with more obvious connotative
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meanings.
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Literal Comprehension Questions
9
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Literal comprehension questions can be the most straightforward and
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easiest
of
the
types
of
questions
youll
see
in
this
section.
Some
questions
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will focus on textual details. Others will involve the technical aspects of the
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passage,
such
as
its
organization,
the
authors
techniques,
and
details
that
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support the main idea. Some of the answers to these are literally located
9
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within
the
passage,
and
other
answers
are
paraphrases
of
actual
lines.
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9
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Answering
other
comprehension
questions
might
involve
rereading
and
9
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understanding the passage, but skimming can be your best tactic with literal
9
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comprehension
questions.
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Literal comprehension questions can look like:
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In line 5, the animal described is a
9
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All of these factors support the authors point of view except
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The authors point about the role of the media is made mainly
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through . . .
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The last three sentences in the passage provide
9
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To answer these questions, use your notations and any key words in the
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question that direct you to a specific part of the passage. The answers can
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help with this, too. Use them to fact check against what was actually stated
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in the passage. If only part of the answer applies, then it isnt a good choice.
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100 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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9
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Literary Terms Questions
9
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9
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On
the
new
SAT,
there
will
be
some
questions
containing
literary
9
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9
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terminology. These should be terms youve seen before in your English or
9
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9
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literature
classes,
such
as
simile,
personification,
and
metaphor.
The
more
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9
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obscure or unusual terms wont be included. Brushing up on the most
9
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9
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popular literary terms is a good idea for two reasonsfamiliarity will make
9
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9
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it
easier
to
deal
with
these
types
of
questions
and
can
save
you
time.
Use
the
9
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9
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following chart as a reference for literary terms, their definitions, and
9
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9
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examples
of
each.
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Literary Term
Definition
Example
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Simile
Comparison of two different Love is like a
9
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things or ideas through the
blooming rose.
9
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9
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use
of
the
words
like
or
as
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9
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9
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Metaphor
Comparison without the use
Love is a rose.
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9
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of
like
or
as
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9
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9
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Personification A type of metaphor. It gives
The rose spoke of
9
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9
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inanimate objects or abstract love.
9
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9
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ideas human characteristics
9
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9
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Hyperbole
Extreme, outrageous
She wore so much
9
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exaggeration used for effect
makeup she had to
9
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9
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use a chisel to get it
9
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9
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off.
9
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9
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Irony
Statement that says one
The roses lasted
9
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9
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thing
but
means
the
opposite
much
longer
than
9
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9
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their love.
9
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9
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Symbol
An object that stands for
The rose represents
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something else
love.
9
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9
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Tone
The attitude created by the
The authors tone
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author, indicated through
can range from
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9
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optimistic and joyful
word choice
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to
pessimistic
and
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depressing.
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Oxymoron
Type
of
paradox
that
Sweet
sorrow,
9
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9
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combines a pair of contrary
beautiful disaster.
9
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terms into a single
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expression
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9
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9
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9 101
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Literary Term
Definition
Example
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Mood
The atmosphere or tone of a
The mood is
9
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literary
work
connected
to
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9
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emotionshow the
9
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reader feels when
9
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reading the passage.
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Allegory
Any writing that has a
In Dantes Divine
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double
meaningthe
first
Comedy,
the
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9
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literal meaning, and a
character Beatrice
9
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second more symbolic/
represents both the
9
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9
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conceptual meaning
actual woman Dante
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knew
and
his
9
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9
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concept of divine
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revelation.
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Standardized tests
Allusion
Reference to a mythological,
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9
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literary,
historical,
or
can
be
a
persons
9
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9
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Achilles heel.
Biblical person, place, or
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thing
9
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9
Parody
A work that mimics the
Don Quixote is
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9
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manner and characteristics
Cervantess parody
9
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9
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of
a
particular
literary
work
of
a
medieval
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9
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in order to make fun of
romance.
9
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9
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those same features.
9
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9
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Paradox
Contradictory statement
Youth is wasted on
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9
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that seems absurd but
the young.
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reveals a truth
9
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9
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9
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Brushing
up
on
these
terms
is
the
best
way
to
arm
yourself
for
literary
terms
9
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9
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questions.
Simile,
metaphor,
and
personification
are
easier
to
recognize
than
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
some of the others simply because they are so pervasive in speaking and
9
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9
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writing
inside
and
outside
of
a
literature
class.
If
you
cant
readily
come
up
9
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9
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with an example for a particular term in the chart, make learning the term a
9
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9
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priority and learn it well so it doesnt become your Achilles heel. (Ah ha!
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9
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Allusion!)
9
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9
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9
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Extended
Reasoning
Questions
9
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9
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A
lot
of
extended-reasoning
questions
will
have
the
word
author
in
them.
9
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9
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They can be about a variety of thingsthe authors purpose, opinion, tone,
9
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9
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you
name
it.
What
theyre
really
asking
is
for
you
to
make
inferences
in
9
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9
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order to answer the question.
9
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Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Note

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You have to draw a conclusion or make an assumption based on what is
9
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9
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implied
in
the
passage.
In
other
words,
you
have
to
infer
meaning
by
9
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9
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reading between the lines. Answering these questions is very much like
9
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9
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answering
SC
problems,
since
once
again
you
have
to
find
clues
that
will
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9
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lead you to the correct answer. The clues for an extended-response question
9
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9
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are found in the passage sentences. You have to analyze the connotative and
9
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9
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denotative
meanings
of
words,
incorporating
the
other
bits
and
pieces
of
9
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9
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information you gleaned while reading, and consider the authors purpose
9
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9
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and
attitude.
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9
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9
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One trick when answering these questions is to disregard answer choices
9
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9
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that repeat something that was mentioned explicitly in the passage. Youre
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9
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looking for what is not said, rather than what is. Since the range of these
9
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questions is larger in scope than in the other two question categories, the
9
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9
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major question stems youre likely to see are discussed here so you can zone
9
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9
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in
on
those
that
are
more
challenging
or
sneaky,
depending
on
your
level
of
9
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9
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preparedness and familiarity.
9
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9
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9
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Following
are
some
variations
of
extended-reasoning
questions:
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9
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9
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1. Tone/Attitude Questions
9
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9
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Tone questions will ask you to figure out the authors attitude toward a
9
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9
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subject, a character, or the reader. These questions could also involve a
9
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characters attitude, since literary fiction passages will undoubtedly involve
9
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9
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characters and their motivations or feelings.
9
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9
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9
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Usually
when
you
interpret
tone,
it
involves
words
said
aloud
in
tandem
with
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9
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the word choice. In these situations, youre interpreting the tone of some9
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9
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ones
voice
along
with
what
is
said.
Unfortunately,
in
written
work
you
cant
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
actually
hear
the
author
read
aloud
the
passage
to
figure
out
how
he
feels
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
about it, so all you can do is look carefully at the words the author uses.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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For an example of how voice affects tone, consider a science teacher
9
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9
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saying,
You
did
what?
Think
about
how
this
phrase
would
sound
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
after you told your teacher that you just melted down the lab because
9
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you were napping. Now think about how those same words would
9
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9
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sound after you told your science teacher you just figured out a way to
9
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9
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travel
faster
than
light.
The
first
statement
would
have
an
angry
tone,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
while the second utterance would have a bewildered, incredulous tone.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9 103
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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Example of tone/attitude questions:
9
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9
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The authors description of the tenement conditions in lines 4753 is . . .
9
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9
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9
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The
characters
attitude
toward
the
changes
in
her
hometown
since
the
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9
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hurricane can best be described as one of . . .
9
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9
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9
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Which best describes the authors view of the rights of teenagers?
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9
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Being prepared for tone/attitude questions is easier if you think about the
9
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9
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authors attitude as you skim, and try to categorize it as positive, negative,
9
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9
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or
neutral.
The
attitude
can
be
linked
to
the
purpose.
If
the
purpose
is
very
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
informational, then the authors attitude may be neutral, especially if you
9
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9
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cant
figure
out
how
he
feels
one
way
or
the
other
about
the
topic
at
hand.
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9
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There are no hard-and-fast correlations between purpose and attitude, but
9
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9
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knowing that one influences the other, can help you identify clues such as
9
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9
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word
choice
and
supportive
details
to
determine
whether
the
authors
tone
9
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9
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is critical versus comical, for instance.
9
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9
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9
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Although theres no trick to answering these questions, the right answer is
9
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9
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usually not the most radical or extreme of the choices. Regardless of how
9
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9
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emphatic an author may seem about the topic at hand, the correct answer
9
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9
will never be extreme or worded so strongly as to make the author sound
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9
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too wacky or irrational. If the question refers to a specific sentence or
9
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9
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paragraph, concentrate on the connotative meanings of the words in the
9
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9
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sentence.
If
the
question
addresses
a
larger
portion
of
the
passage
or
the
9
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9
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passage as a whole, keep in mind what the author said that gave you an
9
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9
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impression
of
how
he/she
feels
about
his/her
topic.
Especially
note
if
the
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9
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tone changes throughout the passage, since thats prime material for a juicy
9
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9
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question.
Probably
the
best
tactic
for
solving
these
problems
is
to
read
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
question
and
come
up
with
your
own
answers,
just
as
you
would
for
the
9
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9
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questions about main idea and authors purpose.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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2. Authors Purpose or Intent Questions
9
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9
You might think that you have to be a mind reader to figure out what the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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author really means or suggests by saying something. Actually, you just
9
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9
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have to be a careful reader. Authors purpose questions involve asking you
9
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9
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to figure out why the author made the decisions he or she made in writing
9
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9
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something
in
the
passage.
9
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9
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9
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Questions
of
this
type
might
resemble:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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In the third paragraph, the author mentions faded roses in order to
9
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9
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emphasize
which
point
about
the
main
character?
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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104 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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The information in lines 2731 suggests that the author is very
9
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9
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concerned
about
9
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9
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9
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In the second example, the key word is suggests. From this, you can
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
immediately
tell
that
youre
not
looking
for
a
specific
fact
or
statement
in
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the passage. Instead, youre supposed to make an inference about the
9
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9
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authors
intentionthe
message
behind
the
words.
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9
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9
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With any variation of this type of question, the answers that seem the most
9
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9
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extreme are likely to be wrong. Think about what the author is advocating
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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overall in the passage, and use that to guide your process of elimination
9
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with the answer choices. Often the italicized introductions to the passages
9
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9
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provide more information than you might think about the authors
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
perspective,
and
thus
what
he
or
she
implies
by
certain
statements
9
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9
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throughout the passage.
9
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9
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9
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3. Main Idea or Focus Questions
9
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9
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If
youve
been
actively
reading,
then
main
idea
or
focus
questions
are
often
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ripe
for
the
plucking.
Theyll
ask
you
to
state
the
main
idea
that
youve
been
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
searching for while skimming through the passage. These questions may
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
deal with the main idea of the whole passage, or ask specifically about the
9
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9
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main purpose of a single paragraph.
9
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9
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Main Idea/Focus questions start out like:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The primary focus of this passage is on
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
primary
purpose
of
this
passage
is
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Both passages focus primarily on . . .
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The passage as a whole is most concerned with
9
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9
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9
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If you like, you can skip these questions and answer the others first, since
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
those
can
help
you
come
to
a
conclusion
about
the
main
idea
or
theme
by
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
examining the passages details. On the other hand, if you feel youve done
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
good
job
at
determining
the
main
idea
of
the
passage,
then
go
and
look
at
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the answer choices. If your main idea is stated in some form in the answer
9
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9
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choices, pick that answer and move on.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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If a question asks for the main idea of a specific paragraph, look back
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
at
the
first
and
last
sentences,
since
those
may
provide
a
clearer
picture
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of
how
an
idea
was
introduced
and
then
concluded
in
that
particular
9
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9
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paragraph.
9
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9
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9
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9 105
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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Watch out for answer choices that are partially correct. These choices
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mention
smaller
ideas
or
issues
from
the
passage,
but
are
too
narrow
if
you
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
really step back mentally and think about everything the passage is about.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
There
will
be
distractor-like
choices
which
may
include
an
aspect
of
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
passages main idea, but just miss the mark a little. So, again, reading
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
actively while you skim can help keep these diversionary choices out of your
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
line
of
vision
when
concentrating
on
the
big
picture
of
a
passage.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Applying
the
Four-Step
Process
to
Critical
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Reading Passages
9
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9
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Now its time to put your skills and strategies to work all at once. Read
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
through this passage and then answer the questions that follow. After you
9
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take a shot at answering each question, read through the explanations for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
them, pinpointing any question types that you need more practice on.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Directions: Answer the questions below based on the information in
9
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the accompanying passage.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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The
following
passage
is
excerpted
from
a
popular
journal
of
humanities.
9
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9
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9
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Line Initially considered an indulgence for the affluent, the growing
9
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9
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trend in spa vacations in tandem with the burgeoning number of
9
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day spas sprouting up throughout metropolitan areas will soon
9
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9
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make them as ubiquitous as other traditional retreats. Yet, this
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(5)
trend in relaxation and rejuvenation has its roots in an ancient
9
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9
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and well-perfected form of bathing. The founders of this growth
9
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9
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industry were none other than the Romans, who merged together
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
their
mastery
of
intricate
engineering,
their
love
of
cleanliness,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and their desire to dominate and convert conquered subjects to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(10)
their
favored
lifestyle
through
the
establishment
of
bathing
as
a
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
necessary pastime.
9
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9
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The
art
of
bathing
has
been
practiced
for
centuries,
dating
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
back to early Egypt; historians assert that Egyptian palaces
9
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9
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contained bathing rooms, although scant physical remains exist
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(15)
today.
Bathing
also
played
an
important
role
in
the
lives
of
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Greeks, supported with archaeological evidence of bathing rooms
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
located in the palace of Knossos, circa 1700 B.C. Yet, it was
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
during the heyday of the Roman Empire that bathing was
9
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9
elevated to a level of sophistication and complexity yet to be
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(20)
replicated in even the most elite and fancy resorts.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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106 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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9
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9
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9
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The intricate and systematic ritual of Roman bathing is most
9
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9
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revealing
via
the
architectural
structure
of
the
baths,
or
thermae,
9
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9
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themselves. Beyond each thermaes entrance was usually an open
9
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9
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courtyard,
called
a
palaestra,
which
could
be
considered
the
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9
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(25)
forerunner to a modern gymnasium. In this courtyard, visitors
9
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9
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would exercise to elevate body temperatures and perspire, which
9
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9
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was
seen
as
a
prerequisite
to
entering
the
baths.
While
men
9
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9
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engaged in more vigorous forms of exertion, such as lifting
9
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9
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weights
or
wrestling,
women
usually
swam
or
tried
their
hand
at
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9
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(30)
a more feminine pursuit called Trochus, a game involving rolling
9
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9
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a metal hoop with a hooked stick. Post exercise, the apodyterium
9
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9
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allowed bathers space to change and prepare for bathing, the
9
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9
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equivalent to todays locker rooms.
9
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9
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The most noteworthy feature of the baths involved a series of
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9
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(35)
rooms with controlled air and water temperatures. The first in
9
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the sequence, the tepidarium, or warm room, was a place for
9
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9
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further bathing preparation; a slave would use a metal instru9
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9
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ment
called
a
strigil
to
scrape
dirt,
sweat,
and
oil
from
the
body.
9
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9
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Depilation was also available for those more hirsute bathers,
9
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9
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(40)
reflecting
the
fashionable
obsession
with
hairless
bodies.
After
9
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9
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having one or more of these spa treatments, bathers would
9
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9
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submerge
themselves
in
tepid,
lukewarm
water.
9
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9
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The
hottest
room
in
the
baths
labyrinth
contained
a
large
9
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9
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pool approximately three feet in depth. The calidarium served to
9
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9
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(45)
create
a
very
steamy
atmosphere
to
open
the
pores
and
release
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9
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toxins from the body. The air and water remained a constant
9
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9
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high
temperature
well
above
100
degrees
Fahrenheit,
heated
by
9
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9
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the
ingenious
under
floor
heating
system
called
the
hypocaust.
9
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9
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Scholars still marvel today at the effectiveness of this brilliantly
9
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9
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(50)
efficient furnace system below ground that transported water to
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9
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the appropriate pool while drawing hot air underneath the
9
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9
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flooring and through its hollow-brick walls.
9
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The actual order of bathing activities has been a contentious
9
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9
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topic among scholars, since no actual documents remain that
9
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9
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(55)
outline the order in which each room was used in the baths.
9
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9
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Other
steam
rooms,
such
as
the
sudatorium
or
laconicum,
may
9
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9
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have diverted bathers on their path to the final destination, the
9
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9
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frigidarium.
In
this
cold
room,
bathers
would
commence
their
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9
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cleansing practices by immersing themselves in cold water,
9
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9
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(60)
closing
their
pores
and
leaving
refreshed.
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9
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9
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9 107
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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The function of Roman baths served much more than to
9
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9
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cleanse
the
body.
Baths
were
often
the
nexus
of
social
interaction,
9
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9
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acting as a community center, fitness and health facility, and a
9
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9
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source
of
public
entertainment.
The
bathing
complex
often
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9
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(65)
included a performance area where local entertainment from
9
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9
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juggling to philosophical oratory was offered as icing on the cake
9
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9
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to
the
overall
experience.
Food
and
drink
were
available
to
9
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9
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purchase, and often whole families would come to socialize and
9
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9
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recreate
while
attending
to
their
personal
hygiene.
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9
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(70)
The societal significance of these baths is also mirrored in
9
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9
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their opulent decoration and extensive statuary, many of which
9
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9
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were plundered over time for use in later structures and monu9
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9
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ments. The elaborate mosaics and frescoes that adorned the
9
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9
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floors and walls of many bathing rooms stand as further cultural
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(75)
and architectural evidence of how the baths were revered for
9
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their form and function in ancient Roman society.
9
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9
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9
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9
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1.
The
word
merged
in
line
7
most
nearly
means
9
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9
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9
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(A)
enhanced.
9
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9
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(B)
combined.
9
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9
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(C) separated.
9
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9
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(D) connected.
9
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9
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(E) compressed.
9
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9
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9
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2.
In
paragraph
2,
the
authors
inclusion
of
the
history
of
bathing
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9
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primarily serves to
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(A) discuss the evolution of an ancient practice.
9
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9
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(B) explain why bathing is an important ritual.
9
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9
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(C)
establish
a
basis/context
for
the
rest
of
the
passage.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D)
compare
ancient
practices
to
modern
methods.
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9
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(E) emphasize other cultures that practiced the ritual.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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3. According to paragraph 3, after entering each thermae, bathers
9
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9
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would
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(A) change into their bathing clothes.
9
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9
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(B) exercise in the open courtyard.
9
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9
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(C)
play
games
such
as
Trochus.
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9
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(D) scrape their bodies with a strigil.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E)
elevate
their
body
temperatures.
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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108 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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9
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9
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9
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4. In paragraph 5, the authors description of the underground furnace
9
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9
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system
is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(A) didactic.
9
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9
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(B)
enthusiastic.
9
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9
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(C) pretentious.
9
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9
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(D)
admiring.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(E) colloquial.
9
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9
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9
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5. The information in lines 5660 primarily serves to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) illustrate the debate about the bathing sequence.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B)
show
the
complexity
of
bathing
structures.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(C) offer other alternatives to the bathing sequence.
9
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9
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(D) refute the bathing sequence outlined by scholars.
9
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9
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(E)
explain
the
importance
of
the
final
bathing
room.
9
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9
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9
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9
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6. In context, the phrase icing on the cake (line 66) means
9
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9
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(A)
extra
food.
9
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9
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(B) required activity.
9
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9
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(C)
free
dessert.
9
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9
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(D) amusing bonus.
9
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9
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(E)
open
performances.
9
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9
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9
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9
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7. The information in the last paragraph provides
9
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9
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(A) a summary of the points made earlier.
9
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9
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(B) an additional aspect of the main topic.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) a reason for the significance of the topic.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D)
an
explanation
of
the
topics
importance.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) a context for why baths were used.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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8. The primary focus of this passage is on
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(A) the similarities between modern-day spas and ancient baths.
9
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9
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(B) the evolution of bathing over time.
9
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9
(C) the significance of bathing to the Romans.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(D) the ancient ritualized process of Roman bathing.
9
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9
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(E) the architectural and cultural significance of Roman bathing.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 109
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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9
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Explanation
of
Questions
and
Answers
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9
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Question 1: Vocabulary-in-Context
9
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9
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The correct answer is B. This is a perfect example of a vocabulary-in-context
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
question.
To
find
a
synonym
for
merged
that
fits
the
context,
go
back
to
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
actual sentence in the paragraph. You can see how merged is used to show
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
how
baths
joined
together
three
different
elements
considered
important
to
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9
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the Romansengineering, cleanliness, and converting/controlling their sub9
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9
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jects. So B is the best replacement word. The Romans combined those con9
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9
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cepts, rather than keeping them separate, yet close together.
9
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9
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Choices (A) and (E) dont make sense in this context, because they didnt
9
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9
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improve upon these things or compact them together. Choice (C) is the
9
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9
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antonym
of
the
words
meaning,
so
that
can
also
be
eliminated.
Choices
(B)
9
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9
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and (D) are similar, yet (D) has connotations of three separate things placed
9
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9
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side
by
side,
rather
than
being
blended
together.
9
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9
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9
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Question 2: Authors Purpose/Intent; Literal Comprehension
9
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9
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The correct answer is C. This question asks you to determine the purpose of
9
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the historical background about bathing in relation to the passage as a
9
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9
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whole. To see how this connects to the whole passage, you have to think
9
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9
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about what the majority of the passage discusses. The passage is not just
9
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9
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about the history of bathing. Its mostly about the layout and use of the
9
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9
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baths by the Romans. The background information about Egyptians and
9
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9
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Greeks
helps
establish
a
context
for
why
the
passage
details
Roman
baths
9
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9
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instead of their predecessors versions. So, choice (C) is the best answer.
9
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9
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9
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Choice
(A)
is
true
in
general
about
the
content
of
paragraph
2,
but
its
not
the
9
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9
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purpose of that paragraph. The paragraph states that bathing was impor9
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9
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tant,
but
it
doesnt
mention
why,
so
choice
(B)
is
wrong,
too.
Choice
(D)
is
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9
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irrelevant, since the paragraph doesnt make comparisons between the past
9
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9
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and the present, even though the last sentence makes reference to contem9
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9
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porary spa resorts. Choice (E) is partially correct, since the paragraph men123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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tions other cultures that also believed bathing was important. However, the
9
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purpose of this information goes back to supporting the rest of the passage,
9
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9
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which
is
about
the
development
and
importance
of
Roman
baths.
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9
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9
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Question
3:
Literal
Comprehension
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9
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The correct answer is B. This question involves asking you to sequence events
9
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9
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in the order mentioned in the passage. After thinking of the answer on your
9
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9
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own, compare your answer to what happens next in the paragraph. From
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lines
2527,
you
can
see
that
after
entering
the
thermae,
visitors
would
9
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9
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exercise to elevate body temperatures before changing for the baths. The
9
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9
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correct
answer
is
choice
(B).
Choices
(A),
(D),
and
(E)
occur
after
the
initial
9
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9
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exercise, and choice (C) is specific only to women, according to the passage.
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9
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110 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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9
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9
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9
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Question 4: Authors Tone/Attitude
9
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9
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The
correct
answer
is
D.
This
question
asks
you
to
determine
the
authors
9
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9
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tone for a specific paragraph. To answer this, you have to look back at the
9
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9
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words
the
author
uses
to
describe
the
furnace.
In
lines
4850,
the
adjectives
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9
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ingenious and brilliantly efficient are used to describe the furnace
9
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9
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system, which sounds like the author thinks as highly of this system as the
9
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9
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scholars
who
marvel
at
it
even
today.
The
authors
attitude
seems
very
9
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9
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complimentary and flattering. Scanning the answer choices, the best match
9
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9
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is
choice
(D)
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9
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9
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Choices (A) and (E) dont match, since the author is not trying to moralize
9
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9
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nor does he use very informal language. Even if the author seems a little
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9
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formal or pretentious in other paragraphs, youre concentrating only on one
9
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part of the passagethe description of the hypocaust, so choice (C) is
9
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9
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incorrect. Although the author is very positive about the furnace system,
9
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9
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choice
(B)
is
not
as
close
to
the
authors
tone
as
is
choice
(D),
since
9
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9
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enthusiastic has connotations related more to excitement than to admira9
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9
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tion
and
respect,
which
is
the
effect
created
by
the
adjectives
used
in
lines
9
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9
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4850.
9
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9
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9
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Question
5:
Literal
Comprehension
9
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9
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The correct answer is A. This question asks you to look at how one sentence
9
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9
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supports
or
explains
another.
The
first
sentence
in
the
paragraph
states
that
9
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9
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scholars
arent
exactly
sure
in
what
order
the
ancient
Romans
used
the
9
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9
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bathing rooms. The line referred to in the question is the next sentence in
9
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9
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the paragraph. That sentence mentions other rooms that were a part of the
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9
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sequence, but the words may have diverted suggest that the author is not
9
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9
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sure about when bathers used these rooms or not. So, the ideas in this
9
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sentence support the first, offering examples of what is mentioned in the
9
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9
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previous sentence. The correct answer is (A).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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In terms of the other choices, B and E are not supported in that specific
9
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9
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paragraph. The complexity of the bathhouses comes from the passage as a
9
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9
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whole,
and
only
the
purpose
of
the
final
bathing
room
is
discussed.
Choice
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9
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(C) is partially accurate, since lines 56-60 point out other bathing rooms,
9
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9
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but dont offer up a different bathing sequence that may have been used.
9
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9
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Choice
(D)
is
the
opposite
of
what
you
want,
since
youre
looking
for
an
9
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9
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answer that supports, not negates, the ideas already mentioned in the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
paragraphs
previous
sentence.
9
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9
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Question 6: Phrase/Expression
9
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The correct answer is D. This question is a variation of a vocabulary-in9
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9
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context question. To answer this one, look back at the sentence. Read the
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 111
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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9
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9
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sentence with that phrase missing, and substitute your own answer. You
9
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9
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shouldve
come
up
with
something
like
interesting
benefit.
Looking
at
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer choices, the closest in meaning to the phrase used in context is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choice
(D)
Choices
(A)
and
(C)
dont
make
sense,
since
the
only
reference
to
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
food is in the next sentence. The juggling and other entertainment discussed
9
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9
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is not mandatory to watch, so choice (B) is wrong. Choice (E) is redundant,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
therefore
doesnt
make
sense
if
substituted
for
the
phrase
in
question.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Question 7: Literal Comprehension
9
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9
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The correct answer is B. The last paragraph raises the social importance of
9
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9
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the baths by mentioning the tile work and other art Romans used as
9
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9
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decoration in the baths. This is the first time it is discussed in the passage, so
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9
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the best answer is choice (B). The paragraph doesnt summarize any of the
9
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other points made, so choice (A) can be eliminated. Choices (C), (D), and
9
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9
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(E) dont make sense if you think about what they are really saying.
9
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9
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9
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Question 8: Main Idea/Focus
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
correct
answer
is
D.
To
answer
this
question,
you
have
to
think
about
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
what
the
majority
of
the
passage
is
about.
What
does
the
author
focus
on
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
most? The best answer is choice (D).
9
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9
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9
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Bathing
is
definitely
significant
to
the
Romans,
but
the
passage
concentrates
9
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9
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more on the layout and use of the bathhouses, and only toward the end
9
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9
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refers to the cultural and social importance of the baths, so you can
9
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9
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eliminate choice (C). Choice (A) is wrong, since modern-day spas are only
9
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9
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mentioned in the first paragraph. The evolution of bathing is referred to
9
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early in the passage, but is not revisited, so choice (B) can also be eliminated.
9
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9
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Choice (E) only includes part of what the passage is about, so thats not a
9
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9
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good choice.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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If you look at the passage and simply count up the number of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
paragraphs
devoted
to
each
answer
choice,
youll
see
how
the
middle
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9
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45 paragraphs discuss the ritualized process of Roman bathing.
9
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9
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Other
choices,
like
(C)
and
(E),
appear
in
single
paragraphs,
but
they
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9
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are not the larger focus of the passage.
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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If you had no problems answering any of these questions, you should feel
9
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9
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good about your chances on the long SAT reading passages. Youre
9
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9
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obviously doing things like actively reading and going back to find the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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answer in the passage correctly. If you missed some questions, use this
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
opportunity to learn from your mistakes. Look over the questions you
9
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missed and determine where you made the error. Did you forget to go back
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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112 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Note

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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to the passage to find the answer? Did you have a clear picture of the main
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
idea
when
you
finished
skimming
it?
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Learning new techniques can take some time, and everyone is going to miss
9
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9
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a
question
or
two
during
the
learning
process.
Take
the
time
to
practice
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9
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these techniques, since they will give you your best shot at a good score on
9
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9
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the
real
SAT,
the
only
test
that
matters.
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9
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Paragraph-Length
Critical
Reading:
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Pint-sized but Feisty Passages
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The College Board didnt leave you empty-handed when they eliminated the
9
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9
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analogies.
Instead,
the
test
now
contains
snack-sized
versions
of
the
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longer critical reading passages. These paragraph-length passages are
9
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9
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approximately
100
words
long,
followed
by
two
to
four
multiple-choice
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questions in the same format and style as those for the longer reading
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passages.
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Although
these
compact
passages
are
indeed
shorter,
they
arent
completely
9
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harmless. Because they are so short, your critical eye as a reader will have
9
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to be all the more aware of the stated and inferred meanings of the content.
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The College Board refers to these questions as discrete reading, which
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translates as, reading isolated paragraphs closely and carefully.
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9
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One
thing
to
remember
is
that
unlike
the
sentence
completions,
you
dont
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9
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have to rely on experiences or knowledge outside of what is stated in the
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9
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passages.
All
you
need
to
know
to
answer
the
questions
will
be
within
the
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9
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passages themselves. However, you will have to make inferences, since the
9
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directions
clearly
state
that
you
should
answer
the
questions
on
the
basis
of
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9
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what
is
stated
or
implied
in
the
passage.
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9
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Internalize the directions for the short reading passage section to save
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time. The directions will look similar to this:
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Directions: The passage below is followed by questions based on its
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content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied
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in the passage.
9
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9
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Types of Questions
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Questions here will be similar to those for longer CR questions. Theyll cut
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to the chase, specifically asking about the significance of a particular phrase,
9
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the contextual use of a word, the reason behind an authors word choice, as
9
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9
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well
as
the
authors
purpose
or
attitude.
For
these
questions,
youll
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9
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9 113
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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definitely make inferences to help pinpoint the answer. Since the passages
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9
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are
short,
the
College
Board
wants
to
see
how
well
you
can
make
smart
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9
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assumptions rather than recall information.
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9
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Some
potential
question
stems
are:
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The author most likely mentions the faded wallpaper in order to...
9
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According to the passage, it can be most reasonably inferred that . . .
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According to the passage, Welty aimed to convey through her
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writing
.
.
.
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9
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The reference to the aging population (line 3) primarily serves to
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emphasize
.
.
.
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Dealing
with
the
Passages
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To answer these questions, apply the same process as that used for the
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longer reading passages, EXCEPT for skimming. Skimming will be your
9
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9
downfall with these questions. Since you have so little to work with in terms
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of words, every word will count. Dont memorize the paragraph, but
9
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definitely read it both line by line and for its overarching idea.
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Keep in mind the following things when reading these short passages:
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Follow
the
authors
reasoning
carefully.
Notice
the
style,
the
authors
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9
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attitude, and the tone.
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9
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When answering the questions, do so based on what is either stated or
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implied in the passage. Just because an answer choice is true on its
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own doesnt make it a correct answer. Example: Life is not easy.
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Wed all agree that this is a true statement, right? Well, it may be
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easier for some, but we wont get into that. Even though you may feel
9
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that this is a true statement, if it is not stated or implied in the passage,
9
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then
it
is
not
the
right
answer.
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9
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Try these.
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Passage 1
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Line American artist James McNeill Whistler may be best known for
9
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his 1871 painting of his mother seated in a rocking chair, but
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very few know of his talents beyond the canvasthat of an
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exhibition
designer.
His
monochromatic,
spare
approach
initially
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(5)
threw stuffy Victorian gallery-goers, who were accustomed to
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darkly
draperied
rooms
cluttered
with
wall-to-wall
artwork,
into
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a tizzy. Dictating the dcor of his exhibitions down to the wall
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114 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

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color and flower vases may seem beyond the norm for an artist,
9
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but
his
nutty
micromanaging
tendencies
actually
caused
a
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(10)
constructive ripple effect on exhibition design, which evolved
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into
standard
practice
for
museums
and
galleries
today.
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1. The use of the phrase threw . . . into a tizzy (lines 57) primarily
9
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serves to
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(A) show a contrast between their expectations and the actual
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experience.
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(B)
suggest
that
Victorians
didnt
like
change.
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9
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(C) introduce a controversial form of gallery exhibition.
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(D)
question
a
contemporary
method
of
art
display.
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(E) challenge the way exhibitions were displayed then.
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2. The authors tone throughout the passage is
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(A) critical.
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(B) playful.
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(C) mocking.
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(D) sentimental.
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(E)
detached
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1.
The
correct
answer
is
A.
The
Victorian
reaction
to
Whistlers
form
of
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9
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exhibitions
was
in
stark
contrast
to
what
they
had
previously
experienced
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and therefore expected when going to see art. Thats Choice (A). Choice B is
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incorrect,
because
it
makes
too
big
of
an
assumption
about
Victorian
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attitudes. Choices C, D and E are incorrect because they dont make logical
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sense.
The
last
three
choices
all
have
words
in
them
that
relate
to
the
overall
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9
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passage,
but
these
words
are
not
used
in
the
proper
context.
That
word
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gets around, doesnt it?
9
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2. The correct answer is B. The overall attitude the author conveys is positive
9
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and humorous in tone, through the use of words such as tizzy and
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nutty. The author is not critical but complimentary of Whistler, so choice
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9
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A
is
wrong.
The
author
seems
involved
in
the
subject,
so
choice
E
is
out.
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9
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Choices C and D are not supported by the words the author uses to describe
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9
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Whistlers
impact,
so
those
are
also
incorrect.
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9
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As you can see, its really just like the long reading passages, only (1) the
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passages
are
shorter,
and
(2)
the
questions
focus
on
inferences.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 115
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Passage 2
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9
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Line For all serious daring starts from within, Eudora Welty stated
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in her autobiographys conclusion. A self-proclaimed sheltered
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writer,
her
stories
dared
to
capture
a
vividly
evocative
view
of
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9
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human life via her zealous imagination. Her form of storytelling,
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(5)
steeped
in
description
paired
with
the
bittersweet
truth
of
human
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nature and experience, continuously caused critics and admirers
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9
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alike to query Weltys muse, especially considering her simple,
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9
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quiet life in Mississippi. Yet this understated woman ventured
9
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9
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often into settings rich with lifes beauty and pain while docu9
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9
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(10)
menting the Great Depression in photographs for the WPA
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9
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during the 1930s.
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3.
According
to
the
passage,
Welty
aimed
to
convey
through
her
writing
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(A) an appreciation of human nature.
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(B)
an
inventive
yet
accurate
portrait
of
life.
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(C)
a
readily
accessible
story.
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(D) lifes hardships during the 1930s.
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(E) strategies for vivid description.
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4. The author mentions Weltys job as a WPA photographer to suggest that
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(A)
her
work
influenced
her
craft.
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(B) photography was her first passion.
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(C)
storytelling
is
based
in
the
visual
realm.
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(D) documenting life is a dual process.
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(E)
her
daring
nature
grew
from
photography.
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9
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3. The correct answer is B. The passage states that Welty strove to combine her
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imagination with the reality of peoples lives. Choice A only contains one
9
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aspect of what Welty strove for in her writing. C and E are incorrect because
9
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the passage doesnt indicate either of these assumptions. D is incorrect
9
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9
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because it is too narrow and specific. Although Welty may have drawn upon
9
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9
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her
experiences
as
a
photographer
in
the
1930s
when
writing,
theres
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9
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nothing in the passage that says her writing reflected only one time period.
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9
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4. The correct answer is A. The author asks the reader to make the connection
9
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between how Weltys writing was influenced by her work experience
9
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9
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without
coming
out
and
saying
so.
Choice
B
is
not
supported
in
the
passage,
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9
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so it is incorrect. Although choices C, D and E may seem true, they have no
9
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9
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relevance
to
the
question,
and
should
be
eliminated
as
wrong
answers.
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9
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9
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116 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Take It to
the Next Level
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9
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What Makes for a Tough Sentence Completion
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Question?
9
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Most
of
the
19
sentence
completions
youll
encounter
on
the
SAT
will
be
9
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9
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no-brainers
for
you.
One
feature
that
makes
for
a
no-brainer
question
is
9
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9
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easy vocabulary. Another feature that makes for a gimmee question is a
9
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9
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short, simple sentencean easily understood statement that doesnt take
9
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9
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too many twists or turns as it goes. Heres an example of the kinds of
9
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9
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straightforward, easy-to-understand sentences and answer choices that
9
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youll find in comparatively easy sentence completion questions:
9
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9
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9
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1.
Many
stage
actors
are
intimidated
by
the
__________
of
drama
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critics,
whose
reviews
can
determine
the
fate
of
a
play
in
a
single
9
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9
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night.
9
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9
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(A)
tastes
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(B) power
9
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9
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(C) expertise
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9
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(D) criticism
9
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9
(E) reviews
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9
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The correct answer is (B). Of the five word choices, the one that it makes
9
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9
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most sense to be intimidated by is power. And this word makes perfect sense
9
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9
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in
the
context
of
the
sentence:
The
ability
to
determine
the
fate
of
a
play
in
9
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9
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a single night is a good description of a certain type of power. Just for the
9
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9
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record,
heres
why
none
of
the
four
wrong-answer
choices
can
compete
9
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9
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with
(B):
9
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9
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(A) It makes no sense to be intimidated by tastes, so you can easily
9
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9
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eliminate (A) without even considering the second part of the
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9
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sentence.
9
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9
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117

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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9
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9
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(C) Although it might make sense to be intimidated by someones
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
expertise
(knowledge
or
skill
gained
from
experience),
this
kind
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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of intimidation doesnt make as much sense as choice (B), when you
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
consider
the
second
part
of
the
sentence
as
well.
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9
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9
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(D) It makes no sense to be intimidated by criticism of drama critics,
9
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9
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a
phrase
that
suggests
that
it
is
the
drama
critics
who
are
being
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9
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criticized.
9
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9
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(E) This choice provides a completion that results in the redundant, and
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9
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very awkward, use of the word reviews.
9
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9
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9
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No knowledge of rocket science is needed to handle questions like this
9
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9
one! And, believe it or not, youll find some SAT sentence completions
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9
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to be even easier! Dont worry, we wont waste any more time in this
9
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9
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lesson
on
no-brainers.
From
here
on,
well
handle
only
the
tougher
9
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9
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questions.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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To crank up the difficulty level of the drama-critic question you just looked
9
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9
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at,
the
test-makers
might:
9
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9
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9
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Use more advanced vocabulary (in the sentence as well as the
9
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9
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answer choices)
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

Provide
runner-up
answer
choices
that
require
closer
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
judgment calls
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

Add
a
second
blank
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Heres a souped-up variation on the drama-critic question, made tougher in
9
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9
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all three ways:
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9
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2. Friends of the theater have long decried the __________ of big-city
9
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9
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drama critics, whose reviews can determine the __________ of a play
9
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9
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in
a
single
night.
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9
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9
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(A) tactlessness. .popularity
9
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9
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(B)
callous
indifference.
.outcome
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9
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(C) incisive judgment. .attendance
9
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9
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(D) disingenuousness. .success
9
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9
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(E) unfettered sway. .fate
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9
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9
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9
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9
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118 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Note

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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9
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9
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The correct answer is (E). To handle this more difficult version of the
9
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9
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question,
it
helps
to
know
that
the
word
decry
means
to
discredit
or
9
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9
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criticize. It wouldnt make much sense for friends of the theater to
9
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9
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discredit
or
criticize
a
drama
critics
incisive
judgement.
(The
word
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9
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incisive in this context means keen or sharp.) So, you can at least
9
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9
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eliminate choice (C), without even considering the second blank. But the
9
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9
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remaining
four
choices
for
completing
the
first
blank
all
make
sense
as
9
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9
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characteristics of big-city drama critics as seen by friends of the theater. (Of
9
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9
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course,
it
helps
to
know
that
disingenuousness
means
insincerity
and
that
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9
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unfettered sway means unconstrained influence or power.) So, youll
9
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9
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need to consider the second blank.
9
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9
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Choice (B) doesnt make sense for the second blank. Its the playwright, not
9
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the critic, that determines the outcome of a play. Therefore, you can narrow
9
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9
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your choices to (A), (D), and (E), all of which make sense for completing the
9
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9
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second
blank.
(A
drama
critics
review
can
determine
a
plays
popularity,
9
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9
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success, or fate.) But of the three choices, (E) makes the most sense when
9
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9
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you
consider
the
completed
sentence.
Regardless
of
which
word
(popular9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ity, success, or fate) you use to complete the second blank, the second part
9
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9
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of
the
sentence
provides
a
better
description
of
unfettered
sway
than
either
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tactlessness
or
disingenuousness.
In
other
words,
with
(E)
the
sentence
as
a
9
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9
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whole is more consistent and cohesive.
9
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9
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9
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If
you
were
paying
attention
to
the
analysis
of
the
preceding
question,
you
9
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9
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noticed some pretty subtle distinctions between the best answer choice and
9
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the others. Thats exactly how many of the toughest sentence completion
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questions earn their stripes. By tuning-in to these subtleties, youll be ready
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for the toughest completions the test-makers can dish out.
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9
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Test-makers have another way to boost the difficulty level of sentence
9
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completions: they construct longer, more complex sentences that
9
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9
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contain
signpost
words.
These
words
connect
the
sentences
parts
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9
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together to form a cohesive whole that makes sense with the right
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completion.
Well
examine
the
test-makers
four
favorite
types
of
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connections, and their signposts, later in this lesson.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 119
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Strategies
for
Sentence
Completion
Questions
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Here youll learn some strategies that you can use for handling sentence
9
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9
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completion questions. But first, attempt each of the following tougher
9
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than
average
sample
questions.
Then,
carefully
read
the
explanations,
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9
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which reveal some of these strategies.
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3. Sleep researchers now view sleep as involving degrees of detachment
9
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from the surrounding world, a __________ whose rhythm is as
9
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9
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unique and as consistent as a signature.
9
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(A) realm
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(B)
progression
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(C) science
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(D) restfulness
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(E)
condition
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The correct answer is (B). The sentence as a whole seems to suggest that
9
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sleep is a dynamic process involving a series of different stages defined by
9
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degree of detachment. Notice that the purpose of the second clause is to
9
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describe, or restate, what sleep is. This observation is key in getting to the
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correct answer. The missing word refers to sleep, so perhaps a word such
9
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9
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as state or condition might occur to you as a logical completion. Choices (C)
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and (D) make no sense as characterizations of sleep, so eliminate them.
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Notice
also
that
rhythm
is
mentioned
as
a
feature
or
trait
of
the
missing
9
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9
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word (__________ whose rhythm . . .). To describe a realm as having a
9
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rhythm
makes
no
sense,
so
eliminate
(A).
Youve
narrowed
the
choices
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down to (B) and (E). Read the sentence with each word in turn. Ask yourself
9
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which
word
is
more
appropriate
and
effective
in
conveying
the
thrust
of
the
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9
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sentencethat
sleep
is
a
dynamic
process
involving
a
series
of
different
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stages. The word progression clearly drives home this notion more
9
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pointedly
and
effectively
than
the
word
condition.
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4. African-American legislators today not only __________ their
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constituencies
but
also
serve
as
proxies
in
the
democratic
process
for
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all African Americans; yet the records of some of them __________
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their
struggle
to
extend
certain
ideals
to
encompass
all
citizens.
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(A) serve. .describe
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(B)
abandon.
.affirm
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(C)
promote.
.criticize
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(D) represent. .belie
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(E) influence. .discredit
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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The correct answer is (D). Notice that the sentence changes direction
9
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midway
through.
This
change
is
signaled
by
the
key
word
yet,
which
9
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9
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provides a clue that the second part of the sentence sets up a contrast or
9
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9
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contradiction
to
the
first
part.
The
words
not
only
.
.
.
but
also
are
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9
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important clues that the first blank must complement the phrase serve as
9
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proxies . . . . (Proxy means substitute.) A negatively charged word such
9
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as
harm,
ignore,
or
disagree
with
would
make
no
sense
in
the
first
blank;
9
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9
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however, a word such as serve, represent, or aid would fit nicely. The
9
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9
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meaning
of
the
second
clause
should
reflect
a
contrast
to
that
of
the
first
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9
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one. Therefore, a word such as ignore, de-emphasize, or trivialize would
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make sense here. Heres a good paraphrase of the sentence that shows the
9
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idea that it is probably trying to convey:
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In doing their jobs, these legislators have helped (aided) all African
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9
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Americans, yet the records of some of them dont reflect (they ignore)
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9
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the
efforts
of
these
legislators
as
a
group.
Now
analyze
each
answer
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9
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choice to see how effectively it conveys these ideas:
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(A)
Served
fits
nicely,
but
describe
fails
to
establish
the
necessary
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9
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contrast between the two parts of the sentence. Eliminate (A).
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9
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9
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(B)
Abandoned
doesnt
fit,
because
it
doesnt
complement
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9
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served as proxies. . . . You can eliminate (B) even without
9
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9
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considering the second word (affirm).
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(C) Promoted and criticize each seem to make sense in context,
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9
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and together they set up a sense of contrast between the two
9
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9
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clauses.
So
(C)
is
in
the
running.
However,
it
is
the
goals
or
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9
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interests of a constituency, not the constituency itself that an
9
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9
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elected
representative
promotes.
So
promoted
sets
up
an
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9
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improper idiomatic expression. Whats more, for the word
9
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9
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criticize
to
establish
a
clear
contrast,
the
first
clause
should
at
9
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9
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least
suggest
the
opposing
notion
of
approval,
but
it
doesnt.
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9
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Even though the flavor of criticize is in the right direction,
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9
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it
is
not
a
perfect
fit
in
the
context
of
the
sentence
as
a
whole.
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9
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(D) Represented fits nicely. If you dont know what belie means,
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perhaps you can guess based on its root lie (falsehood),
9
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9
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which provides the sort of contrast between the two clauses
9
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youre looking for. To belie is to misrepresent or contradict.
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9
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For example, a smile belies sadness. Similarly, a biography
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can belie the struggle described in the sentence, perhaps by
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mis-describing it as an easier effort than it has in fact been.
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(D)
appears
to
be
a
logical
answer
choice.
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9 121
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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(E) Influenced establishes a different meaning for the first clause
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than
the
one
youre
inferring.
But
influenced
does
make
some
9
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9
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sense in the first clause. Discredit makes sense as well and
9
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9
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sets
off
the
necessary
contrast
between
the
two
clauses.
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9
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However, this version of the sentence inappropriately dis9
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9
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credits a struggle, while it makes better sense to discredit the
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strugglers.
You
can
eliminate
(E)
based
on
this
defect
alone.
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Whats more, although the word influence makes sense in
9
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9
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context,
it
doesnt
establish
the
close
parallel
in
ideas
that
the
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9
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correlative phrases not only . . . but also . . . call for. (D) is
9
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9
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better in this respect.
9
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9
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Strategies
9
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9
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If you read the explanations for the preceding two questions, you already
9
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9
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picked
up
some
valuable
ideas
for
gaining
a
tactical
advantage
on
SAT
9
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9
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sentence completion questions. Here, youll review those ideas, and pick up
9
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9
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some
additional
ones.
These
strategies
will
help
you
gain
insights
into
9
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9
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sentence completions so that you can handle them efficiently, while
9
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9
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avoiding
the
kinds
of
blunders
that
average
test-takers
might
make.
9
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9
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9
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9
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1.
First
try
to
understand
the
sentence,
paying
9
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9
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particular
attention
to
signpost
words
9
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9
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and phrases that connect parts of the
9
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9
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sentence
together.
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9
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Initially, read the sentence in its entirety, without worrying about how to fill
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in
the
blanks
yet.
Try
to
get
a
feel
for
the
topic
and
the
thrust
of
the
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9
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sentence.
Ask
yourself
about
the
point
the
sentence
is
trying
to
make.
Pay
9
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9
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particular attention to key, or signpost, words that indicate any of the
9
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9
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following:
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9
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A contrast (pointing out a difference, contradiction, or distinction)
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A similarity (pointing out how two things are analogous or otherwise
9
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the same)
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9
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9
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A
restatement
(paraphrasing,
describing,
or
clarifying)
An
effect
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9
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(pointing out a conclusion, consequence, or result of a cause or
9
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influence)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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Signpost words can tell you where the sentence is going. Is it continuing
9
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9
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along
one
line
of
thought?
If
so,
youre
looking
for
a
word
that
supports
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9
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that thought. Is it changing direction in midstream? If so, youre looking for
9
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9
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a
word
that
sets
up
a
contrast
between
the
thoughts
in
the
sentence.
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9
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9
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Words that signal blanks that go
Words that signal blanks that
9
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9
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with
the
flow:
shift
gears:
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and
but
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also
yet
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consequently
although
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as a result
on the other hand
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thus
in contrast
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hence
however
9
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so
nevertheless
9
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for
example
9
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Question
3
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The sentence as a whole seems to suggest that sleep is a dynamic process
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involving a series of different stages defined by degree of detachment.
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Notice that the purpose of the second clause is to describe what sleep is.
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This observation is key in getting to the correct answer.
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Question 4
9
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In reading this sentence, you should have noticed that it changes direction
9
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9
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midway through. This change is signaled by the keyword yet, which
9
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9
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provides
a
clue
that
the
second
part
of
the
sentence
sets
up
a
contrast
or
9
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9
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contradiction to the first part. You can bet that this structural clue will be
9
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9
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crucial
in
determining
the
best
answer.
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9
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9
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2. As a starting point, complete the sentence with
9
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your own words before looking at the answer
9
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9
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choices.
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9
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Filling in the blank(s) with your own words first will help get your mental
9
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9
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wheels turning and get you into the question. If you use this approach,
9
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9
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youll
have
a
much
easier
time
spotting
sucker
bait
answer
choices
(and
9
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9
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youll see plenty of them in sentence completions). If the question includes
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9
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two
blanks,
be
sure
that
your
two
home-grown
words
make
sense
9
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9
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considered together.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9 123
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Alert!

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Question 4
9
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The
words
not
only
.
.
.
but
also
provided
clues
that
the
first
blank
must
9
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9
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complement the phrase served as proxies . . . . The word aided fit nicely.
9
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9
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Since
the
sentences
second
clause
should
set
up
a
contrast
to
the
first
one,
a
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9
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word such as ignore made sense. With these two words, youve made
9
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9
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overall sense of the sentence, and you can eliminate conflicting answer
9
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9
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choices.
9
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9
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9
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9
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3.
Dont
waste
time
trying
to
make
sense
of
answer
9
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9
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choices that dont fit.
9
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9
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For
any
sentence
completion
question,
youre
bound
to
find
at
least
one
or
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
two choices that make little or no sense in the context of the sentence. Clear
9
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those away first, so that you can focus your attention on the viable
9
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9
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candidates. If the sentence contains two blanks, you can eliminate any
9
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9
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answer choice in which one of the words considered alone makes no sense.
9
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9
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Question 3
9
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9
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The
correct
answer
must
make
sense
as
a
characterization
of
sleep.
Choices
9
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9
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(C) and (D) obviously make no sense, so you can easily eliminate them.
9
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9
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Since
it
makes
no
sense
to
describe
a
realm
as
having
a
rhythm,
you
can
9
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9
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also eliminate choice (A).
9
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9
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Question
4
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9
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You can eliminate choice (B) because abandon doesnt make sense in the
9
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9
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first
clause.
You
dont
even
need
to
analyze
the
second
word
(affirm).
9
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9
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4. Dont stop short of considering each and every
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9
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9
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answer choice.
9
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9
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Okay, youve thought up your own answer first, and one of the five choices
9
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9
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looks perfect. Should you select it and move on, without considering the
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9
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others? No! Remember: The qualitative difference between the best and
9
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9
second best answer can be subtle.
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9
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9
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Keep in mind that filling in the blanks with your own words is only a
9
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9
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starting point. Dont expect to find your answer verbatim among the
9
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9
choices because most SAT sentence completions are not that easy. For
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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example, in question 3, if you were filling in the blank yourself
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(without
the
aid
of
the
answer
choices),
what
word
would
you
use?
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9
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The missing word refers to sleep, so perhaps a word such as state or
9
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9
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condition
might
occur
to
you
as
a
logical
completion.
While
choice
(E)
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9
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provides the word condition, another choice turned out to be better.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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Question 3
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9
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If
choices
(B)
and
(E)
were
switched,
you
might
have
been
tempted
to
select
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9
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(B) without considering other choices. But youd have been wrong!
9
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9
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Question
4
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Choice (C) seemed to fit okay, but if you selected it and moved on without
9
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9
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considering
later
choices,
youd
have
missed
the
best
answer,
choice
(D).
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9
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5. Dont choose an answer to a dual-blank question
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9
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just because one of the words is a perfect fit.
9
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9
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As often as not, one word that fits perfectly is paired with another word that
9
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9
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doesnt fit well at all. When it comes to dual-blank questions, this is the
9
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9
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test-makers favorite trap. Dont fall for it!
9
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9
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Question 4
9
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The
word
serve
in
choice
(A)
is
a
perfect
fit
for
the
first
blank;
yet,
(A)
is
not
9
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9
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the correct answer choice.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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6. Dont choose an answer just because it contains
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
tough
word.
9
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9
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Expect to encounter some tough vocabulary words in later sentence
9
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9
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completion
questions.
But
dont
choose
an
answer
just
because
it
includes
a
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
difficult
word.
By
the
same
token,
dont
rule
it
out
for
this
reason.
Thats
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
not how the test-makers design sentence completions. Instead, try to take
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your
best
guess
as
to
what
the
word
might
mean
(perhaps
it
looks
a
bit
like
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a familiar word). A reasoned guess is better than an unreasoned one, right?
9
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9
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Question 4
9
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The word belie happened to be part of the best answer; but thats just the
9
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9
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way this question turned out. Dont generalize from this single example!
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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7. Choose between the best choices by checking
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
for
idiom,
usage,
and
awkwardness.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Dont forget that the test-makers are covering not just overall sentence sense
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
but
also
word
usage
(whether
a
word
is
used
properly)
and
idiom
(how
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ideas are expressed as phrases). If youre having trouble deciding between
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choices, check for these two problems, and eliminate any answer choice that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
makes
any
part
of
the
sentence
confusing
or
awkward.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Question 4
9
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9
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Both (C) and (E) contain subtle usage and idiom problems that distinguish
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
them from the best answer choice (D).
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 125
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
Test-Makers
Favorite
Sentence
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Connections
9
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9
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Earlier in this lesson, we looked at how advanced vocabulary and subtle
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
distinctions
between
best
and
second-best
answer
choices
can
make
for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tougher sentence completion questions. Yet another feature that makes for a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tougher
question
is
a
sentence
with
a
complex
logical
structure.
In
this
kind
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of sentence, signpost words are included to connect the sentences parts
9
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9
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together to form a complete idea that makes sense (assuming the right
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
words
are
used
to
fill
in
the
blanks.)
For
the
remainder
of
this
lesson,
well
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
focus on the test-makers four favorite types of connections and the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
signpost
words
used
for
each
type.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The test-makers are rather predictable when it comes to how they construct
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
complex sentences that contain signpost words. Once you see enough of
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
these sentences, youll begin to recognize certain patterns in how parts of
9
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the sentences connect together logically. Here are the types of connections
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that youre most likely to encounter, and should learn to recognize:
9
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9
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9
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Contrast
9
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9
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9
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Similarity
9
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9
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Restatement
9
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9
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9
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Cause and effect
9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Not
every
tough
sentence
completion
question
will
illustrate
one
of
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
these four connections; but most will.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Contrast
9
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9
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In a sentence fitting this pattern, one part of a sentence contains an idea that
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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contrasts with, or is opposed to, an idea in another part of the sentence.
9
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9
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Heres an example:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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5. Whereas Wordsworth wrote his best poetry during __________, Yeats
9
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9
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wrote some of his finest poems when he was over 70-years old.
9
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9
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(A) illness
9
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9
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(B)
war
9
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9
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(C)
youth
9
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9
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(D) marriage
9
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9
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(E) convalescence
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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126 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

Note

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The correct answer is (C). What is there about the sentence that tells you to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
look
for
a
contrast?
Its
the
word
Whereas,
isnt
it?
Without
this
word,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you couldnt make the Contrast connection. If you doubt this, think about
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
how
youd
fill
in
the
blank
without
the
word,
as
in
this
variation:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Wordsworth wrote his best poetry during __________, and Yeats wrote
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
some
of
his
finest
poems
when
he
was
over
70-years
old.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The single word Whereas makes all the difference. It tells you that a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
contrast is coming. In other words, the first part of the sentence tells you
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
something about Wordsworth that should contrast with what the second
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
part of the sentence tells you about Yeats. Since the second part says that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Yeats wrote his best poetry when he was old (over 70-years old),
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Wordsworth
must
have
written
his
best
poetry
when
he
was
young.
The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
only answer choice that provides this contrast is (C).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Here are some other signpost words used to signal a Contrast connection:
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
although
however
on
the
other
hand
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
but
nevertheless
unlike
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
by contrast
nonetheless
yet
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
despite
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
For the sentence involving Wordsworth and Yeats, you could use
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
almost any word from the preceding list instead of whereas to set up
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
same
contrast.
Some
youd
use
to
introduce
the
first
part
of
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sentence; others youd use to introduce the second part of the sentence.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Try
each
one
to
see
if
it
fits
(and,
if
so,
where).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Similarity
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In
a
sentence
fitting
this
pattern,
one
part
describes
something
that
is
similar
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to something described in another part of the sentence. Heres an example:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6. Just as musicians in the 1970s were amazed by the powers of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
electronic synthesizer, musicians during the time of Bach __________
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the organ, the technical wonder of its day.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) were reluctant to play
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B)
marveled
at
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) were intimidated by
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D)
were
anxious
to
master
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) misunderstood
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 127
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The correct answer is (B). In this sentence, the words Just as tell you that the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
two
parts
of
the
sentence
are
describing
similar
situations.
In
other
words,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
musicians during Bachs time reacted to the organ in the same way that mu9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sicians
in
the
1970s
reacted
to
the
synthesizer.
Since
the
sentence
indicates
that
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
musicians of the 1970s were amazed by the synthesizer, the words for the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
blank should express something similar about the reaction to the organ. Only
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choice
(B),
marveled
at,
provides
the
similarity,
so
its
the
best
answer
choice.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Here are some other words and phrases that act as Similarity signposts:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
as
like
similarly
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in the same way
likewise
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Try redrafting the sentence about synthesizers using each of these signposts
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
instead
of
the
words
just
as.
Youll
notice
that
some
words
work
only
to
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
begin the first clause, whereas others work only to begin the second clause.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Restatement
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In a sentence fitting this pattern, one part paraphrases, defines or clarifies
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
what
is
said
in
another
part
of
the
sentence.
Heres
an
example:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. Public attitudes toward business __________ are somewhat
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
__________; most people resent intrusive government rules, yet they
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
expect government to prevent businesses from defrauding, endanger9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ing, or exploiting the public.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(A)
ethics.
.divided
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) investment. .confused
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) practices. .emotional
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D) regulation. .ambiguous
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) leaders. .skeptical
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The correct answer is (D). As you read the sentence as a whole, you get the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
distinct idea that the second part is intended to elucidate (clarify or explain)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
first
part.
What
provides
the
clue
for
this
connection?
In
this
sentence,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
there are two keys: the semicolon and the syntax. The first part is much
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
briefer than the second, and there are no connecting words that signal
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
anything
but
restatement.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Think of the brief phrase as a dictionary entry, and the longer phrase as
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
its definition. A dictionary might separate the entry from its definition
9
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with a colon; here a semicolon serves a similar purpose.
9
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9
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

Note

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9
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9
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9
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In this sentence, the second part (following the semicolon) describes in some
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
detail
the
publics
attitude
about
government
rules
for
business.
As
you
can
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
see, the attitude described is self-contradictory in that the same person
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
typically
has
conflicting
expectations
when
it
comes
to
government
rules
for
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9
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business. (Notice the keyword yet, which signals the contradiction.) Try
9
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9
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starting with the second blank. Youre looking for a word that accurately
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
captures
the
public
attitude.
Choices
(A),
(B)
and
(D)
work
best;
divided,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
confused, and ambiguous all convey the general idea that the public
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
wants
two
things
that
dont
go
together
very
well.
For
the
first
blank,
you
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
want a word that describes what the second part of the sentence also
9
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9
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describes. Choice (D) appears to be the best fit; the sentence as a whole has
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to do with business regulation, that is, the rules laid down by government
9
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9
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for business. Two other choices, (A) and (C), work okay for the first blank.
9
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9
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But ethics is a bit too specific, while practices is a bit too vague. (You
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
already eliminated choice (C) based on the second missing word.) So, the
9
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best answer choice is (D).
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As
you
just
saw,
the
semicolon
without
a
connector
word
might
provide
a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
wordless warning that a Restatement might be taking place. Also, look for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
these
keywords
and
phrases,
which
often
mark
Restatement
connections:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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in fact
in short
that is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in
other
words
namely
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Three of these markers could easily be inserted into the sentence about
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
business regulation to strengthen the signal that a Restatement is
9
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taking place. Try redrafting the sentence with the addition of each
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
marker
in
turn,
and
youll
find
out
which
three
work.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 129
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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Cause and Effect
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9
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In a sentence fitting this pattern, one part describes something that causes,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
produces, or influences whats described in another part. Heres an
9
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example:
9
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9
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9
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9
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8. When waging election campaigns against challengers, most incum9
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9
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bent
politicians
have
significant
__________
as
a
result
of
the
power
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and recognition that are typically part and parcel of holding pub9
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9
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lic
office.
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9
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9
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(A) propensities
9
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9
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(B) expenses
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9
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(C) contributions
9
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(D) budgets
9
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9
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(E) advantages
9
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9
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9
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The correct answer is (E). In this sentence, the operative phrase is as a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
result.
What
precedes
this
phrase
describes
the
effect,
or
result,
of
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
power
and
recognition
that
goes
with
holding
an
official
position
in
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
government. Or, put another way, the power and recognition of public
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
office
causes
or
influences
what
the
earlier
part
of
the
sentence
intends
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
describe. Logically, what effects would be caused by the power and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
recognition
of
public
office?
One
natural
effect
would
be
to
make
it
easier
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
run
for
reelection,
if
only
because
the
current
office
holder
is
already
well
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
known. So, advantages is an apt expression of this natural effect. The
9
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9
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most tempting wrong answer choices are probably (C) and (D). However,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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significant contributions or budgets wouldnt necessarily be logical, or
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
natural, effects of having power and recognition, would they? A candidate
9
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with a lot of power and recognition could perhaps spend as much, or as
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
little, as he would like. Whats more, the phrase have . . . contributions is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
an awkward idiom. (A more effective and clearer phrase is receive
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
contributions.)
So,
on
this
count
as
well,
choice
(C)
cannot
be
the
best
one.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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To understand the preceding sentence, it helps to know that an
9
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9
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incumbent politician is one who is already in office. Even if you
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
dont
know
what
incumbent
means,
you
can
still
make
an
educated
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
guess based on the sentence as a whole. Incumbent politicians are
9
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9
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depicted here as running against challengers, and a challenger is
9
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9
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typically a person who goes up against a current title holder. So, it
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
would be a good guess that an incumbent candidate is the current
9
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office holder.
9
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9
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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In the preceding example, the words as a result marked the Cause-and9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Effect
connection.
Here
are
some
other
signposts
that
mark
this
kind
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
connection:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
because
leads to
since
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
hence
produces
therefore
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
consequently
results
in
thus
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
due to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You can redraft the sentence about incumbent candidates using any of these
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
signposts instead of as a result. Youll find that you can plug in some as
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
substitutes
for
as
a
result,
but
others
require
that
you
restructure
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sentence.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Reading Passages
9
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9
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As
SAT
reading
passages
go,
this
next
one
is
not
especially
difficult
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
understand.
What
youll
be
focusing
on
here
are
not
tough
passages,
but
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rather tough questions.
9
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9
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Francis Bacon was a sixteenth-century philosopher of science. The passage
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
below explores the link between his thinking and that of the modern-day
9
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9
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scientific establishment.
9
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9
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9
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Line Francis Bacon contributed to the scientific enterprise a prophetic
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
understanding
of
how
science
would
one
day
be
put
to
use
in
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
service
of
technology,
and
how
such
a
symbiosis
between
the
two
9
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9
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would radically impact both man and his surroundings. As
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(5)
inseparable
as
they
are
today,
it
is
hard
to
imagine
science
and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
technology as inhabiting separate domains. But in Bacons world
9
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9
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of
the
sixteenth
century,
science
was
not
generally
viewed
as
a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
practical instrument for improving the physical conditions of life.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Anticipating Jules Verne and H.G. Wells* by three hundred years,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(10)
Bacon foresaw not only the extent to which science would
9
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9
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contribute to the enlargement of technology, but also how
9
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technology would come to be seen as the ultimate justification
9
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9
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of science.
9
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9
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There is little doubt that others before Bacon understood that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(15)
discovering the mysteries of air, water, fire, and earth could lead
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to
useful
applications.
But
Bacons
systematic
elaboration
of
the
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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* Nineteenth-century science fiction writers.
9
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9
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9 131
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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promise of joining science with technology was a major leap
9
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9
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forward
in
closing
the
gap
between
the
two
endeavors.
He,
more
9
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9
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than any before him, stressed the need for collective organiza9
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9
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(20)
tions
for
scientific
inquiry
and
applicationthe
forerunners
of
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9
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our vast government, academic, and corporate-sponsored
9
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9
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research and development departments. Bacon did not ignore the
9
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9
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necessity
for
creative
and
dedicated
individuals
to
spur
science
9
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9
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onwards. Rather, he declared that such individuals would need
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(25)
the
help
of
state
aid,
corporate
organization,
official
conferences
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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and publications, and regulated social and pecuniary incentives in
9
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9
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order for their experiments and insights to have the widest
9
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9
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possible application.
9
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9
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The danger that Bacon did not foresee was that corporate
9
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9
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(30)
influences could restrict the opportunities of the individual
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9
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scientist, and that a time could come when no scientific work
9
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would be possible without corporate support. The most impor9
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9
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tant ramification of these new conditions is that the judgment
9
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9
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and
moral
grounding
possible
of
individual
scientists
must
now
9
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9
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(35)
compete with the concerns of industrial collectives. Entangled
9
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9
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within
the
scientific/technological
system,
the
modern
scientist
9
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9
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has jeopardized the qualities once exalted as the very hallmarks
9
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9
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of
science:
the
detachment
from
worldly
gains
and
the
disinter9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ested
pursuit
of
truth.
Influenced
by
political
and
economic
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(40)
pressures, scientists have less and less power to enact any
9
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9
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controls
over
the
scientific
establishment
that
pursues
the
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9
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Baconian ideals of riches and power over another of his stated
9
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9
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uses
for
science,
the
relief
of
mans
estate.
Scientists
are
losing
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
power
to
say
No.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(45)
No one questions the immense benefits already conferred by
9
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9
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sciences efficient methodology. However, since individual
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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scientists must now choose between improving standards of
9
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9
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living and obtaining financial support for their research, there is
9
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cause for concern. In light of current circumstances, we must ask
9
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9
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(50)
certain questions about science that Bacon, from a sixteenth9
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9
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century perspective, could not possibly have put to himself.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
132 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

Note

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9
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9
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9
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9
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Assumption Questions
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9
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Assumption questions ask you to fill in gaps in the authors argument or in
9
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9
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a position put forth by some other character in the passage. An assumption
9
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is an unstated yet necessary part of an argument. These questions can be
9
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9
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difficult
because,
in
order
to
recognize
the
assumption
required
to
hold
the
9
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9
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argument together, you must understand both the conclusion thats drawn
9
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9
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and
the
evidence
offered
in
support
of
it.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
An SAT assumption question usually contains some form of the word
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
assumption
or
assume.
Here
are
a
few
typical
examples:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The authors discussion about . . . assumes that
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The authors argument is based on the assumption that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
An
assumption
in
a
passage
will
not
necessarily
be
the
authors.
It
9
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9
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might instead be an assumption made by a character or other person
9
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9
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discussed
in
the
passage.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
When you see an assumption question, you should follow these three steps:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1. Focus on the point established (the conclusion) and the evidence
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
used
to
support
it.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. Look for a link between the evidence and the conclusion that is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
necessary
to
the
logic
yet
not
explicitly
stated
in
the
passage.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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3. Eliminate choices that are outside the scope of the argument. In
9
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order for something to be necessary to an argument, it must first be
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
relevant.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now apply these steps to a question that relates to the passage about
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Francis
Bacon.
Use
the
line
reference
to
find
the
phrase
in
question,
and
read
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the entire sentence carefully. As you read it, try to figure out what the author
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
NOT
saying
that
nevertheless
must
be
true
for
the
argument
in
that
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sentence to make sense. That unstated premise is the assumption.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 133
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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1. In stating the case for his cause for concern (line 29), the author
9
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9
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assumes
that
9
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9
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9
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(A) individual scientists have sacrificed all power of choice with
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
regard
to
the
direction
of
their
research.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) it is not in the financial interest of the scientific establishment to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
improve
standards
of
living.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(C) sciences efficient methodology has led to the solution of most
9
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9
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of societys problems.
9
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9
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(D) no scientists will choose to devote their time to improving
9
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9
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standards of living.
9
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9
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(E) non-scientists are incapable improving their own standard
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of living.
9
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9
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The correct answer is (B). The author is concerned that scientists will have
9
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9
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to
choose
between
improving
standards
of
living
and
getting
money
from
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the scientific establishment for their research. But if scientists receive money
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
from
the
establishment
for
projects
that
will
improve
the
standards
of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
living,
then
this
concern
is
not
so
well
founded.
In
making
his
argument,
the
9
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9
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author must assume that the scientific establishment does not have an
9
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9
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interest
in
improving
standards
of
living.
If
it
did,
then
the
authors
concern
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
would make less sense. Lets examine the other four choices to see why none
9
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9
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can
compete
with
choice
(B):
9
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9
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9
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Choice (A): The author need not assume that scientists have sacrificed
9
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9
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all control over their work. In fact, the argument in question indicates
9
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that scientists still have a choice regarding what they do. The author is
9
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9
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concerned because it is a choice that may not bode well for society, but
9
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9
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his concern does not rely on the notion in choice (A).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Choice (C): The reference to sciences efficient methodology comes
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
from
the
previous
sentence
and
is
just
there
to
acknowledge
sciences
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
achievements
before
the
author
states
his
concern.
This
concern
does
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
not rely on the notion that science has solved most of societys
9
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9
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problems,
so
choice
(C)
is
not
the
assumption
were
looking
for
here.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Choice (D): The argument in question indicates that scientists still have
9
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9
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a choice regarding what they do. The authors concern does not rely on
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the idea that not one single scientist will choose to improve standards of
9
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living. A handful may, and the author would still be concerned because
9
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9
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the nature of the choice that has arisen in the modern scientific
9
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9
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community does not bode well for society overall. So, choice (D) is not
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the necessary assumption we seek.
9
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9
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9
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134 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Choice (E): This choice is not the assumption youre looking for because
9
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9
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non-scientists
are
outside
the
scope.
The
passage,
and
the
specific
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
concern thats the focus of this question, concerns only the situation of
9
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9
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scientists.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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Additional
Information
Questions
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Additional Information questions ask you to recognize an additional fact
9
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that would make an argument within the passage either more or less
9
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9
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convincingthat is, stronger or weaker. These two question types are
9
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9
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tougher than average because they require you to challenge the text and to
9
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9
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think for yourself as an active reader rather than passively assimilate whats
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9
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on the page.
9
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An SAT strengthen question typically contains a word such as support or
9
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9
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strengthen,
as
in
these
two
question
stems:
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9
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Which of the following, if true, would provide the most direct support
9
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?
for
the
authors
assertion
that
9
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9
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a specific claim made by the author
9
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9
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Which of the following statements, if true, would best strengthen the
9
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?
contention that
9
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a specific point mentioned in the passage
9
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9
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To
identify
a
Weaken
question
on
the
SAT,
look
for
a
word
such
as
weaken,
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9
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undermine, contradict, or refute, as in these two question stems:
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9
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Which
of
the
following
statements,
if
true,
would
contradict
most
9
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?
directly the authors claim that
9
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9
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a
specific
claim
made
by
the
author
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9
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9
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Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the
9
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9
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?
authors argument that
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9
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a specific conclusion made by the author
9
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9
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To handle a strengthen or weaken question, follow these steps:
9
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9
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9
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1. Make sure youre clear on the argument. You wont have much
9
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9
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luck
strengthening
or
weakening
an
argument
that
you
dont
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9
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understand.
9
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9
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9
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2.
Look
for
assumptions
in
the
argument.
Often,
the
key
to
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9
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strengthening or weakening an argument lies in building up or
9
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9
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breaking down an authors central assumption.
9
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9
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9
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9 135
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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3. Beware of choices that are true but that dont have the desired
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9
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effect.
A
choice
may
perfectly
reflect
whats
in
the
passage,
but
if
it
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9
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doesnt strengthen or weaken the argument (whichever youre
9
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9
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asked
to
do),
then
it
cannot
be
correct.
Dont
select
a
choice
simply
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9
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because it seems true; that may not be good enough.
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9
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Apply
these
steps
to
the
following
weaken
question
about
the
Francis
Bacon
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9
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passage. To handle the question, find the relevant text and reread what the
9
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author says about what Bacon didnt foreseethat is, what Bacon missed in
9
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his analysis. Keep in mind that youre being asked to weaken the authors
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9
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point, not any arguments that Bacon himself makes. Therefore, get into the
9
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9
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mindset of challenging the author as you go back to read this part of
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9
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the passage.
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2.
The
authors
assertion
regarding
what
Bacon
did
not
foresee
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9
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(line 18) would be most seriously weakened if it were determined
9
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that Bacon
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(A)
outlined
the
mechanisms
of
corporate
support
necessary
to
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adequately fund scientific research.
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(B) stated in his writings that the economic and political require9
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ments for a stable society were intertwined with the efficient
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functioning of the scientific establishment.
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(C) suggested that passionate and creative people were indispens9
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able to the advancement of the scientific enterprise.
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(D) was generally perceptive regarding most scientific topics.
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(E)
warned
of
the
dangers
to
scientific
inquiry
that
would
result
if
col9
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9
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lective organization became an integral part of scientific research.
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The
correct
answer
is
(E).
Paraphrasing
the
text,
the
author
says
that
Bacon
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9
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didnt realize that corporate/institutional support would become so
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9
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essential
to
science
that
no
science
would
be
possible
without
it.
If,
however,
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9
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we find that Bacon did in fact warn of the dangers to science of such
9
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9
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corporate
control
(collective
organization),
then
the
authors
argument
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9
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here would carry much less weight. Choice (E) is the best weakener of the
9
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9
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bunch. Lets examine the other four choices to see why none can compete
9
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9
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with choice (D):
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Choice (A): The author credits Bacon with the idea that corporate
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support would be necessary for science to flourish. If it were determined
9
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9
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that
somewhere
Bacon
spells
out
just
what
that
support
would
consist
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9
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of, that would still do nothing to damage the authors claim that Bacon
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9
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missed
the
point
that
such
corporate
control
of
science
could
have
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9
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negative consequences.
9
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9
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136 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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Choice (B): It wouldnt be surprising to find the claim stated in choice
9
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9
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(B)
in
Bacons
writings,
considering
what
we
know
about
his
ideas
from
9
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9
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the passage. However, this wouldnt in any way damage the authors
9
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9
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claim
that
Bacon
missed
the
point
that
corporate
control
of
science
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9
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could have negative consequences.
9
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9
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Choice
(C):
The
author
states
that
Bacon
did
not
ignore
the
necessity
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9
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for creative and dedicated individuals to spur science onwards, so it
9
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9
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wouldnt be surprising to find the suggestion described in choice (C) in
9
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9
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Bacons writings. However, this wouldnt in any way damage the
9
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9
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authors claim that Bacon missed the point that corporate control of
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9
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science could have negative consequences.
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9
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Choice (D): Based on the passage, Bacon seems to be a fairly perceptive
9
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9
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fellow, so we wouldnt be surprised to find he was totally up on his
9
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9
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science.
However,
as
with
all
the
other
wrong
choices
here,
this
in
no
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9
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way hurts the authors argument that Bacon missed the point that
9
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corporate
control
of
science
could
have
negative
consequences.
Thats
9
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9
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the
claim
were
trying
to
weaken,
and
choice
(D)
doesnt
do
it.
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9
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9
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9
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Application
Questions
9
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9
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Application questions ask you to relate ideas and situations described in the
9
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9
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passage to outside scenarios. In other words, they test whether you can
9
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9
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understand how examples represented in the passage might be applied in a
9
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9
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different context. Application questions are inherently difficult because the
9
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choices involve situations foreign to the topic of the passage, and a leap is
9
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9
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required on your part to connect the correct choice to the relevant idea or
9
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9
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example in the passage. Here is what application questions typically look
9
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9
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like:
9
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9
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9
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is
most
As
described
in
the
passage,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
something
the
author
describes
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9
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nearly analogous to which of the following?
9
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9
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Which of the following best exemplifies
9
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9
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something mentioned in the
9
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9
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?
9
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9
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passage
9
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9
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Which of the following would the author consider to be most similar to
9
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9
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?
9
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9
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something mentioned in the passage
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9 137
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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When you see an application question, you should follow these three steps:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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1. Go back to the example or idea in question and reread it to make
9
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9
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sure you have a firm grasp of it.
9
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9
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2. Put the example or idea into general terms. This helps because it is
9
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9
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the general logic of the example that will somehow relate to the
9
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9
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correct answer choice.
9
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9
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3. Test the choices to see whether each one matches the example or
9
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9
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idea in question. Beware of choices that distort the meaning of the
9
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9
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example.
9
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9
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9
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Now,
try
to
answer
an
application
question
about
the
Francis
Bacon
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passage. Remember that the key to an application question is to generalize a
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situation and recognize it in another context. Think about the plight of the
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9
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modern
scientist
and
try
to
put
it
into
general
terms.
Then,
check
the
choices
9
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9
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to see which one corresponds best to such a scenario.
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3. The situation of the modern scientist as described in the passage is
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most nearly analogous to that of
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(A)
a
painter
who
participates
in
an
artistic
community
in
order
to
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9
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gain exposure for his works.
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(B)
a
doctor
who
is
required
to
attend
a
yearly
conference
in
order
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to
keep
up
with
developments
in
her
field.
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(C) a musician who needs to alter her vision for a recording project
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in
order
to
maintain
the
support
of
her
record
company.
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(D) an executive who is fired for disobeying company policy.
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(E)
a
union
member
who
organizes
a
strike
to
protest
against
poor
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working
conditions.
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The correct answer is (C). According to the author, the modern scientist
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depends on support from a large organization that forces him to conduct his
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work according to the demands of the organization. Similarly, the musician
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in choice (C) depends on a record company that forces her to change what
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she
wants
to
create
in
order
to
please
the
company.
Choice
(C)
offers
the
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best analogy to the authors description of the modern scientists plight.
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Lets
examine
the
other
four
choices
to
see
why
none
can
compete
with
9
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9
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choice (C):
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Choice
(A):
According
to
the
author,
the
modern
scientist
depends
for
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9
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support on a large organization that forces him to conduct his work
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according
to
the
demands
of
the
organization.
This
results
in
a
problem
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9
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9
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138 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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for the scientist, whereas the painter in choice (A) benefits from his
9
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9
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attachment
to
the
artistic
community.
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9
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Choice (B): According to the author, the modern scientist depends for
9
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9
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support
on
a
large
organization
that
forces
him
to
conduct
his
work
9
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9
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according to the demands of the organization. A doctor required to
9
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9
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attend
a
conference
is
not
in
the
same
situation,
since
nothing
implies
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9
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that the doctor must alter, against her will, the way she goes about
9
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practicing medicine.
9
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9
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Choice (D): According to the author, the modern scientist depends for
9
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support on a large organization that forces him to conduct his work
9
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9
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according to the demands of that organization. A fired executive need
9
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9
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not
fit
into
the
same
general
category.
Maybe
he
deserved
to
be
fired,
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maybe not, but either way a company has a right to determine how its
9
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employees
should
behave.
However,
the
scientist,
according
to
the
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9
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author, was once independent and needs to be independent for society
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to
benefit.
The
predicament
of
the
scientist
that
the
author
laments
is
9
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9
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therefore
not
similar
to
the
situation
of
a
fired
executive.
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9
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Choice
(E):
According
to
the
author,
the
modern
scientist
depends
for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
support
on
a
large
organization
that
forces
him
to
conduct
his
work
9
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9
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according to the demands of the organization. Thats the situation we
9
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9
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need to mirror. A union worker organizing a protest doesnt match the
9
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9
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scenario in the question stem. We never hear about scientists fighting
9
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backthe author simply voices his concern regarding their ability to
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work independent of corporate influence.
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9
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9
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Method Questions
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Method questions ask you to recognize what the author is doing in the
9
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passage, or, how the author goes about making her points. Some method
9
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9
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questions
ask
for
the
authors
overall
approach
in
the
passage,
while
others
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9
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ask about how a specific point is made or about the structure of a particular
9
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9
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paragraph.
Method
questions
can
be
difficult
because
the
answer
choices
9
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9
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are usually stated very generally, and its up to you to connect the general
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
wording
of
the
choices
with
whats
going
on
in
the
passage.
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9
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9
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A Method question can come in many different forms. Here are just a few
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
examples
of
what
the
question
stem
might
look
like:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Which of the following best describes the approach of the passage?
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In the last paragraph, the author proceeds by . . .
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9
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9
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9 139
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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How does the fourth paragraph function in relation to the third
9
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9
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paragraph?
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9
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Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
second
paragraph?
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9
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9
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Which of the following techniques is used in the last sentence of
9
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9
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paragraph 3?
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9
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When you see a method question, you should follow these steps:
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9
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9
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1.
Let
the
question
guide
you
to
the
appropriate
area
of
the
passage
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and reread that section carefully.
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9
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9
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2.
Focus
on
what
the
author
is
doingdont
get
bogged
down
in
9
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9
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details. Method questions concern how the author makes his/her
9
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9
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points,
not
what
those
points
are.
The
latter
is
the
subject
of
Detail
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9
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and Inference questions.
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9
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3. Test the choices rigorously. Every word in the correct choice must
9
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9
be consistent with whats going on in the passage. Wrong choices
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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will contain elements that go against the authors approach, or that
9
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9
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are simply not represented in the passage.
9
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9
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9
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Now apply these steps to a Method question about the Francis Bacon
9
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9
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passage.
The
final
paragraph
is
short
enough
to
skim
quickly
before
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
checking
out
the
choices.
But
read
it
with
a
very
specific
goal
in
mindto
9
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9
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see what the author is doing in these few lines. Dont get bogged down in
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
detailsthey
really
wont
help
you
here.
Test
the
choices,
making
sure
every
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9
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word of the choice you select matches whats going on in this part of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
passage.
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9
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4. Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the last paragraph of the passage?
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(A) An assertion is made and is backed up by evidence.
9
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(B)
A
viewpoint
is
expressed
and
an
opposing
viewpoint
is
stated
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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and countered.
9
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(C) An admission is offered and is followed by a warning and
9
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9
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recommendation.
9
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9
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(D) Contradictory claims are presented and then reconciled.
9
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9
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(E)
A
problem
is
outlined
and
a
solution
is
proposed
and
defended.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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140 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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The correct answer is C. The notion that no one questions the benefits of
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9
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science
does
qualify
as
an
admission
in
the
context
of
the
paragraph;
that
is,
9
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9
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the author admits that science has given humankind enormous benefits, but
9
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9
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then
goes
on
to
voice
his
concern
regarding
the
current
state
of
the
scientific
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9
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enterprise. Note how the contrast signal word however screams at us that
9
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9
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some kind of change must come after the author admits that science has
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9
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conferred
immense
benefits,
and
indeed,
what
comes
next
is,
as
choice
(C)
9
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9
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puts it, a warning: there is cause for concern. The recommendation that
9
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9
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rounds
out
choice
(C)
appears
in
the
final
sentence,
highlighted
by
the
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9
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words we must ask certain questions . . . Every element in choice (C) is
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9
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present and accounted for, so choice (C) correctly describes the organization
9
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of the paragraph. Lets examine the other four choices to see why none can
9
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compete with choice (C):
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Choice (A): This choice says that the paragraph begins with an
9
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9
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assertion,
and
we
can
surely
accept
that:
the
assertion
that
no
one
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questions the benefits of science. Is this then backed up by evidence?
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No.
The
contrast
signal
word
however
alerts
us
that
some
kind
of
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change is coming, not evidence for the statement in the first sentence.
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And
indeed,
the
rest
does
go
off
in
a
different
direction.
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Choice (B): This choice doesnt reflect whats going on here. It says that
9
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the
final
paragraph
begins
with
a
viewpoint,
and
we
can
surely
accept
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that:
the
view
that
no
one
questions
the
benefits
of
science.
But
does
an
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9
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opposing viewpoint followthat is, an argument against the benefits of
9
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science? No, the author doesnt go there. He is concerned about the way
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science is now conducted. He doesnt mention or counter the position
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that tries to downplay what science has already accomplished.
9
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Choice
(C):
The
contrast
signal
word
however
offers
a
promising
9
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9
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start for the organization described in choice (C): it flags some kind of
9
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upcoming
change,
so
it
would
certainly
sound
reasonable
for
an
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opposing viewpoint to enter the story here. But it doesntthe author
9
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goes
in
a
different
direction
from
what
is
described
at
the
end
of
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this choice.
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Choice
(D):
This
choice
is
incorrect
because
there
are
no
contradictory
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claims here. The author admits that science has given humankind
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enormous benefits, but then goes on to voice his concern regarding the
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current state of the scientific enterprise. These things arent contradic123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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tory, and nothing in the paragraph contradicts either of these things, so
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choice (D) cant be correct.
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9
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9
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9 141
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Alert!

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Choice (E): Its fair to say that a problem is outlinedthe problem that
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securing
financial
support
for
scientific
work
might
get
in
the
way
of
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scientists improving standards of living. But does the author propose a
9
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9
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solution?
No.
He
recommends
that
serious
questions
be
asked
about
the
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9
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problem, but offers no solution of his own. Even if you viewed his
9
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9
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recommendation as a solution, youd still have to bog down on the
9
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9
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defended
part
of
choice
(E).
The
passage
ends
before
any
kind
of
9
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defense of his recommendation is offered.
9
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9
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Six Next Level Techniques for Effective
9
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Reading
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9
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Youre a voracious reader whos already developed the kinds of effective
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reading habits that will serve you well in SAT critical reading. So, theres
9
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9
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certainly
no
need
here
for
an
ad
nauseum
discourse
on
how
to
read
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effectively. But it cant hurt to review the basic reading techniques that apply
9
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9
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most
directly
to
the
SAT.
9
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Dont expect to just walk into the SAT testing room and apply the
9
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techniques
youll
learn
about
here
without
practicing
them
first.
Youll
9
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9
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need to try them out first, during your SAT practice testing, until you
9
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9
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become
comfortable
with
them.
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9
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9
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Most
test-takers
approach
critical
reading
passages
passively.
They
give
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9
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equal
time
and
attention
to
every
sentence
in
a
passage,
reading
the
passage
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9
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from beginning to end without interruption and with very little thought as
9
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9
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to
what
particular
information
is
most
important
in
order
to
respond
to
the
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9
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specific questions. This strategy is actually better characterized as a
9
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9
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non-strategy.
Whats
the
result?
The
test-taker
might
remember
some
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9
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scattered
facts
and
ideas,
which
will
help
him/her
respond
correctly
to
some
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9
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easier questions.
9
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9
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But the passive mind-set wont take the test-taker very far when it comes to
9
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9
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tougher questions. As youre no doubt aware by now, tougher critical
9
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9
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reading questions are tougher because they measure your ability to
9
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9
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understand
the
ideas
in
the
passage
rather
than
to
simply
recall
information.
9
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9
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In order to understand a passage, you must be able to (1) identify the thesis
9
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9
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(or
main
idea)
and
the
authors
primary
purpose
and
(2)
follow
the
authors
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9
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line of reasoning from paragraph to paragraph. Both tasks require an active
9
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9
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frame
of
mind
in
which
you
constantly
interact
with
the
text
as
you
read.
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9
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9
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142 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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9
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9
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1. Mark up the passage. (Thats what your pencil is for!)
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9
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Selective annotating (e.g., circling and underlining key words and phrases)
9
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9
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serves three important purposes:
9
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9
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1. It helps you to maintain an active frame of mind since you are
9
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9
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shopping for ideas and information that are sufficiently important
9
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9
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to earmark.
9
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9
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9
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2. It provides a pre-written outline. After you read (and annotate) the
9
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9
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entire
passage,
reviewing
the
annotated
words
and
phrases
can
be
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9
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an effective way to recap the passage for yourself.
9
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9
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9
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3. If you need to refer to the passage as you answer the questions,
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9
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effective annotating will help you quickly locate the information
9
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you need.
9
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9
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9
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What
sort
of
information
should
you
annotate?
If
you
under-annotate,
you
9
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9
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will not be able to effectively recap the passage by reviewing your
9
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9
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annotations.
On
the
other
hand,
if
you
over-annotate,
your
annotations
lose
9
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9
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their
meaning,
and
you
might
as
well
not
have
annotated
at
all.
Here
are
9
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9
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some suggestions for finding just the right balance:
9
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9
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9
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Mark areas of discussion that you may need to locate again to answer
9
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9
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one or more of the questions.
9
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9
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Instead of underlining complete sentences, select keywords or phrases
9
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9
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that trigger for you the idea or point that is made in this sentence or
9
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9
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this part of the paragraph.
9
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9
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Mark structural connectorskeywords that connect the logical
9
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9
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building
blocks
of
the
passage.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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In chronological passages, mark historical benchmarks and divisions
9
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9
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centuries, years, decades, or historical periodsthat help to form the
9
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9
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structure of the authors discussion.
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9
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Use arrows to physically connect words that signify ideas that are
9
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9
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connected; for example:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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To clarify cause and effect in the natural sciences or in the
9
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9
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context
of
historical
events
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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To indicate who was influenced by whom in literature, music,
9
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9
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psychology,
etc.
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9
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9
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To connect names (philosophers, scientists, authors, etc.) with
9
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9
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dates, events, other names, theories, or schools of thought,
9
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works, etc.
9
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9
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9 143
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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To indicate the chronological order in which historical events
9
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occurred
9
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9
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9
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Create your own visual cues to earmark possible thesis statements,
9
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9
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major
supporting
points,
and
points
of
author
disagreement.
9
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9
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2.
Make
margin
notes
and
(for
some
passages)
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9
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outlines.
9
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In
the
left-hand
margin,
make
shorthand
notes
to
summarize
paragraphs,
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9
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earmark areas of discussion, and otherwise provide signals for yourself so
9
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9
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that you can locate details more quickly and recap the passage more
9
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9
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effectively. Keep your notes as brief as possible; two or three words should
9
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9
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provide a sufficient cue.
9
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9
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Dont bother constructing a formal outline of the passage. This takes more
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time
than
its
worth.
Instead,
rely
on
your
margin
notes
and
annotations
to
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9
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indicate the flow of the discussion. For certain high-density passages,
9
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however,
some
organized
notesa
mini-outlinemay
be
necessary
to
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organize information. Shorthand notes at the bottom of the page may help
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to
keep
particular
details
straight
in
your
mind.
The
following
scenarios
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typically
call
for
the
mini-outline:
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If
the
passage
categorizes
or
classifies
various
phenomena,
notes
may
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help
clarify
which
phenomena
belong
in
which
categories.
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If the passage mentions numerous individual names (e.g., of authors,
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artists, political figures, etc.), use notes to link them according to
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influence, agreement or disagreement, and so forth.
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3. Pay attention to the overall structure of the
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passage.
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Different
types
of
reading
passages
are
organized
in
different
ways.
For
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example:
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A passage that traces historical causes or consequences will probably
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be organized chronologically.
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A passage that critiques a theory will probably describe the theory
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first, and then explain its problems, one at a time.
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A passage that draws a comparison (pointing out similarities and
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differences) between two things might first list similarities, then
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differences.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 4: Critical Reading SectionA Game of Words You CAN Win

Take It to the Next Level

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A passage that describes a classification system will probably begin by
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defining
the
main
class,
then
branch
out
to
each
sub-class
level.
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Understanding how the passage is organizedin other words, recognizing
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its
structurewill
help
you
to
articulate
the
passages
main
idea
and
9
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9
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primary purpose, to understand the authors purpose in mentioning various
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details,
and
to
distinguish
between
main
points
and
minor
detailsall
of
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which will help you answer the questions.
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4. Look for structural clues or triggers.
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Triggers are key words and phrases that provide clues about the structure and
9
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organization of the passage and the direction in which the discussion is flow9
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9
ing. The lists below contain many common trigger words and phrases. Un123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
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derline or circle trigger words as you read the passage. Review your annota9
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9
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tions to help you recap the passage and see its structure and organization.
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These words precede an item in a list (e.g., examples, classes, reasons,
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or
characteristics):
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first, second (etc.)
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in addition, also, another
9
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These words signal that the author is contrasting two phenomena:
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alternatively,
by
contrast,
however,
on
the
other
hand,
rather
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than, while, yet
9
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9
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9
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These
words
signal
a
logical
conclusion
based
upon
preceding
material:
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9
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consequently, in conclusion, then, thus, therefore, as a result,
9
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accordingly
9
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These words signal that the author is comparing (identifying
9
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9
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similarities
between)
two
phenomena:
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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similarly, in the same way, analogous, parallel, likewise, just as,
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9
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also,
as
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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These words signal evidence (factual information) used to support the
9
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9
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authors
argument:
9
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9
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9
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because, since, in light of
9
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9
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These
words
signal
an
example
of
a
phenomenon:
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9
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9
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for instance, e.g., such as, . . . is an illustration of
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9
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9
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9 145
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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5. Dont get bogged down in details as you read.
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9
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SAT reading passages are packed with details: lists, statistics and other
9
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9
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numbers, dates, titles, and so forth. If you try to absorb all of the details as
9
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9
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you read, youll not only lose sight of the main points but also lose reading
9
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9
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speed. Dont get bogged down in the details; gloss over them. In the
9
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left-hand margin, note where particular examples, lists, and other details
9
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9
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are located. Then, if a particular question involving those details is included,
9
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9
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you can quickly and easily locate them and read them more carefully.
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9
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9
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6. Sum up the passage after you read it.
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9
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After
reading
the
entire
passage,
take
a
few
seconds
to
recap
it.
What
was
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9
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the authors main point and what were the major supporting points?
9
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9
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Remind yourself about the flow of the discussion without thinking about all
9
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9
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the
details.
Chances
are,
youll
be
able
to
answer
at
least
one
or
two
of
the
9
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9
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questions based just on your recap.
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9
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9
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9
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In Conclusion
9
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9
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Many
passages
have
a
conclusion,
so
its
only
right
that
our
chapter
about
9
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9
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passages
has
one,
too.
Most
of
the
techniques
discussed
here
are
things
that
9
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9
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you already do in some form already. This chapter has shown how strategies
9
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9
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such
as
using
context
and
finding
the
main
idea
apply
to
the
reading
9
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9
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section of the SAT. When you work the sample passages in this book, focus
9
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9
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on using the techniques. Cover the answer choices of a sentence completion
9
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9
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problem while you come up with your own word. Jot down quick
9
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9
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summaries of a passage while youre reading it. The techniques are highly
9
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effective, and all you need to do is practice them to the point where they
9
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9
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become
second
nature.
When
you
get
to
that
level
of
comfort,
you
will
see
9
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9
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how beneficial they are in answering easy, medium, and hard problems.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter

5
The Ultimate Word List
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Use the Words You Learn
9
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9
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Vocabulary as such is not tested on the SAT. But there are plenty of indirect
9
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9
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and hidden vocabulary questions on the SAT:
9
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9
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9
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1.
Reading
comprehension
passages
include
vocabulary-in-context
9
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9
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questions. These focus on particular words in the passage and ask
9
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9
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you
to
determine
their
meaning
in
the
passage.
Sometimes
the
9
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9
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words chosen are obviously hard words (latent, replete, and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
eminent,
to
name
three
real
examples).
More
often
they
are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
seemingly
easy
words
that
are
tricky
because
they
have
many
9
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9
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possible meanings (camp, idea, and hard, for example). In both
9
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9
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cases,
the
broader,
more
varied,
and
more
accurate
your
vocabu123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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lary knowledge, the better your chances of answering these
9
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9
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questions quickly and correctly.
9
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9
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2.
The
better
your
vocabulary
knowledge,
the
easier
youll
find
it
to
9
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9
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understand both critical reading passages and sentence completion
9
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9
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items
(which
are,
in
effect,
mini-reading
passages,
each
one
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9
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sentence long). Even an occasional math item is made a little more
9
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9
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complicated
by
the
use
of
a
challenging
vocabulary
word.
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9
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9
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So vocabulary knowledge makes a clear and significant difference in your
9
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9
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performance
on
the
SAT.
Fortunately,
the
kinds
of
words
that
regularly
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appear fall into definite patterns.
9
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The SAT is written and edited by bookish people for the benefit of the other
9
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bookish people who run colleges and universities. Theyre designed to test
9
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9
your ability to handle the kinds of bookish tasks college students usually
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9
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have to master: reading textbooks, finding information in reference books,
9
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9
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deciphering
scholarly
journals,
studying
research
abstracts,
and
writing
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9
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impressive-sounding term papers.
9
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147

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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So the hard words on the tests are hard words of a particular sort: bookish
9
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9
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hard
words
that
deal,
broadly
speaking,
with
the
manipulation
and
9
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9
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communication of ideaswords like ambiguous, amplify, arbitrary, and
9
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9
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arcane.
The
better
you
master
this
sort
of
vocabulary,
the
better
youll
do
on
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9
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your exam.
9
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Happily,
you
dont
need
to
find
these
words
on
your
own.
Weve
done
the
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9
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spadework for you. Weve been able to come up with a list of the words
9
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most commonly used in reading passages and sentence completions,
9
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including both the question stems and the answer choices. This list has
9
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become the Ultimate Word List. It includes about 500 primary words that
9
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9
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are most likely to appear in one form or another on the SAT. It also includes
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9
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hundreds of related wordswords that are either variants of the primary
9
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words (ambiguity as a variant of ambiguous, for example) or that share a
9
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common word root (like ample, amplify, and amplitude). Many of these
9
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9
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words
have
already
been
covered
in
this
book;
some
even
appear
in
the
9
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9
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flashcards at the back. By placing them all in a single location, however, we
9
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9
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hope
to
give
you
one
more
tool
to
enhance
your
vocabulary
study.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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A
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abbreviate (verb) to make briefer, to shorten. Because time was running
9
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9
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out,
the
speaker
had
to
abbreviate
his
remarks.
abbreviation
(noun).
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9
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abrasive (adjective) irritating, grinding, rough. The managers rude,
9
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9
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abrasive way of criticizing the workers was bad for morale. abrasion
9
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(noun).
9
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abridge (verb) to shorten, to reduce. The Bill of Rights is designed to
9
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9
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prevent
Congress
from
abridging
the
rights
of
Americans.
abridgment
9
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(noun).
9
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absolve (verb) to free from guilt, to exonerate. The criminal jury absolved
9
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9
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O. J. Simpson of the murder of his ex-wife and her friend. absolution
9
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(noun).
9
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9
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abstain (verb) to refrain, to hold back. After his heart attack, he was
9
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9
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warned by the doctor to abstain from smoking, drinking, and
9
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overeating. abstinence (noun), abstemious (adjective).
9
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9
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accentuate (verb) to emphasize, to stress. The overcast skies and chill
9
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9
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winds
accentuated
our
gloomy
mood.
accentuation
(noun).
9
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9
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acrimonious
(adjective)
biting,
harsh,
caustic.
The
election
campaign
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became
acrimonious,
as
the
candidates
traded
insults
and
accusations.
9
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9
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acrimony (noun).
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9
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adaptable (adjective) able to be changed to be suitable for a new purpose.
9
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9
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Some scientists say that the mammals outlived the dinosaurs because
9
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they were more adaptable to a changing climate. adapt (verb),
9
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9
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adaptation
(noun).
9
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9
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adulation
(noun)
extreme
admiration.
Few
young
actors
have
received
9
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9
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greater
adulation
than
did
Marlon
Brando
after
his
performance
in
A
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9
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Streetcar Named Desire. adulate (verb), adulatory (adjective).
9
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9
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adversary (noun) an enemy or opponent. When the former Soviet Union
9
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9
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became an American ally, the United States lost its last major adversary.
9
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9
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adversity (noun) misfortune. Its easy to be patient and generous when
9
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9
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things are going well; a persons true character is revealed under
9
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adversity. adverse (adjective).
9
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aesthetic (adjective) relating to art or beauty. Mapplethorpes photos may
9
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9
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be
attacked
on
moral
grounds,
but
no
one
questions
their
aesthetic
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9
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valuethey are beautiful. aestheticism (noun).
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9 149
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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affected (adjective) false, artificial. At one time, Japanese women were
9
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9
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taught
to
speak
in
an
affected
high-pitched
voice,
which
was
thought
9
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9
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girlishly attractive. affect (verb), affectation (noun).
9
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aggressive
(adjective)
forceful,
energetic,
and
attacking.
A
football
player
9
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9
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needs a more aggressive style of play than a soccer player. aggression
9
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(noun).
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9
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alacrity (noun) promptness, speed. Thrilled with the job offer, he accepted
9
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with alacrityBefore they can change their minds! he thought.
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9
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allege (verb) to state without proof. Some have alleged that Foster was
9
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9
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murdered, but all the evidence points to suicide. allegation (noun).
9
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9
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alleviate (verb) to make lighter or more bearable. Although no cure for
9
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9
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AIDS has been found, doctors are able to alleviate the suffering of those
9
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9
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with
the
disease.
alleviation
(noun).
9
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9
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ambiguous (adjective) having two or more possible meanings. The phrase,
9
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9
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Lets table that discussion is ambiguous; some think it means, Lets
9
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9
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discuss it now, while others think it means, Lets save it for later.
9
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9
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ambiguity (noun).
9
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9
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ambivalent
(adjective)
having
two
or
more
contradictory
feelings
or
9
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9
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attitudes; uncertain. She was ambivalent toward her impending
9
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9
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marriage;
at
times
she
was
eager
to
go
ahead,
while
at
other
times
she
9
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9
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wanted to call it off. ambivalence (noun).
9
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amiable
(adjective)
likable,
agreeable,
friendly.
He
was
an
amiable
lab
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9
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partner, always smiling, on time, and ready to work. amiability (verb).
9
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9
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amicable (adjective) friendly, peaceable. Although they agreed to divorce,
9
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9
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their settlement was amicable and they remained friends afterward.
9
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amplify (verb) to enlarge, expand, or increase. Uncertain as to whether
9
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9
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they
understood,
the
students
asked
the
teacher
to
amplify
his
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9
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explanation. amplification (noun).
9
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9
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anachronistic (adjective) out of the proper time. The reference, in
9
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9
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Shakespeares Julius Caesar, to the clock striking twelve is anachro9
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9
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nistic,
since
there
were
no
striking
timepieces
in
ancient
Rome.
9
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anachronism (noun).
9
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9
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anarchy (noun) absence of law or order. For several months after the Nazi
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9
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government was destroyed, there was no effective government in parts
9
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of Germany, and anarchy ruled. anarchic (adjective).
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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anomaly (noun) something different or irregular. The tiny planet Pluto,
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orbiting
next
to
the
giants
Jupiter,
Saturn,
and
Neptune,
has
long
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appeared to be an anomaly. anomalous (adjective).
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antagonism
(noun)
hostility,
conflict,
opposition.
As
more
and
more
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reporters investigated the Watergate scandal, antagonism between
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Nixon
and
the
press
increased.
antagonistic
(adjective),
antagonize
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(verb).
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antiseptic (adjective) fighting infection; extremely clean. A wound should
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be washed with an antiseptic solution. The all-white offices were bare
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and almost antiseptic in their starkness.
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apathy
(noun)
lack
of
interest,
concern,
or
emotion.
American
voters
are
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showing increasing apathy over politics; fewer than half voted in the last
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election.
apathetic
(adjective).
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arable (adjective) able to be cultivated for growing crops. Rocky New
9
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England
has
relatively
little
arable
farmland.
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arbiter (noun) someone able to settle dispute; a judge or referee. The
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public is the ultimate arbiter of commercial value; it decides what sells
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and what doesnt.
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arbitrary (adjective) based on random or merely personal preference.
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Both
computers
cost
the
same
and
had
the
same
features,
so
in
the
end
I
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made an arbitrary decision about which one to buy.
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arcane
(adjective)
little-known,
mysterious,
obscure.
Eliots
Waste
Land
is
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filled with arcane lore, including quotations in Latin, Greek, French,
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German,
and
Sanskrit.
arcana
(noun,
plural).
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ardor (noun) a strong feeling of passion, energy, or zeal. The young
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revolutionary proclaimed his convictions with an ardor that excited the
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crowd. ardent (adjective).
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arid (adjective) very dry; boring and meaningless. The arid climate of
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Arizona
makes
farming
difficult.
Some
find
the
law
a
fascinating
topic,
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but for me it is an arid discipline. aridity (noun).
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ascetic
(adjective)
practicing
strict
self-discipline
for
moral
or
spiritual
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reasons. The so-called Desert Fathers were hermits who lived an ascetic
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life
of
fasting,
study,
and
prayer.
asceticism
(verb).
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assiduous (verb) working with care, attention, and diligence. Although
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Karen is not a naturally gifted math student, by assiduous study she
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managed to earn an A in trigonometry. assiduity (noun).
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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astute (adjective) observant, intelligent, and shrewd. Safires years of
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experience
in
Washington
and
his
personal
acquaintance
with
many
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political insiders make him an astute commentator on politics.
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atypical
(adjective)
not
typical;
unusual.
In
The
Razors
Edge,
Bill
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Murray, best known as a comic actor, gave an atypical dramatic
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performance.
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audacious (adjective) bold, daring, adventurous. Her plan to cross the
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Atlantic single-handed in a 12-foot sailboat was audacious, if not
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reckless. audacity (noun).
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audible (adjective) able to be heard. Although she whispered, her voice
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was
picked
up
by
the
microphone,
and
her
words
were
audible
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throughout the theater. audibility (noun).
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auspicious
(adjective)
promising
good
fortune;
propitious.
The
news
that
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a team of British climbers had reached the summit of Everest seemed an
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auspicious
sign
for
the
reign
of
newly
crowned
Queen
Elizabeth
II.
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authoritarian (adjective) favoring or demanding blind obedience to
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leaders. Despite Americans belief in democracy, the American govern9
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9
ment has supported authoritarian regimes in other countries.
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authoritarianism (noun)
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B
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belated (adjective) delayed past the proper time. She called her mother on
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January 5th to offer her a belated Happy New Year.
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belie
(verb)
to
present
a
false
or
contradictory
appearance.
Lena
Hornes
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youthful appearance belies her long, distinguished career in show
9
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business.
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benevolent (adjective) wishing or doing good. In old age, Carnegie used
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his
wealth
for
benevolent
purposes,
donating
large
sums
to
found
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libraries and schools. benevolence (noun).
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berate (verb) to scold or criticize harshly. The judge angrily berated the
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two
lawyers
for
their
unprofessional
behavior.
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bereft
(adjective)
lacking
or
deprived
of
something.
Bereft
of
parental
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love,
orphans
sometimes
grow
up
to
be
insecure.
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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bombastic (adjective) inflated or pompous in style. Old-fashioned bom9
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bastic
political
speeches
dont
work
on
television,
which
demands
a
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more intimate style of communication. bombast (noun).
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bourgeois
(adjective)
middle-class
or
reflecting
middle-class
values.
The
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Dadaists of the 1920s produced art deliberately designed to offend
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bourgeois
art
collectors,
with
their
taste
for
respectable,
refined,
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uncontroversial pictures. bourgeois (noun).
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buttress (noun) something that supports or strengthens. The endorsement
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of the American Medical Association is a powerful buttress for the
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claims made about this new medicine. buttress (verb).
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C
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camaraderie (noun) a spirit of friendship. Spending long days and nights
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together on the road, the members of a traveling theater group develop
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a strong sense of camaraderie.
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candor (noun) openness, honesty, frankness. In his memoir about the
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Vietnam
War,
former
defense
secretary
McNamara
describes
his
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mistakes with remarkable candor. candid (adjective).
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capricious
(adjective)
unpredictable,
whimsical.
The
pop
star
Madonna
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has changed her image so many times that each new transformation
9
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now appears capricious rather than purposeful. caprice (noun).
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carnivorous (adjective) meat-eating. The long, dagger-like teeth of the
9
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Tyrannosaurus make it obvious that this was a carnivorous dinosaur.
9
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carnivore
(noun).
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carping (adjective) unfairly or excessively critical; querulous. New York is
9
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famous
for
its
demanding
critics,
but
none
is
harder
to
please
than
the
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carping John Simon, said to have single-handedly destroyed many
9
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acting
careers.
carp
(verb).
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catalytic (adjective) bringing about, causing, or producing some result.
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The conditions for revolution existed in America by 1765; the disputes
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about taxation that arose later were the catalytic events that sparked the
9
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9
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rebellion. catalyze (verb).
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caustic
(adjective)
burning,
corrosive.
No
one
was
safe
when
the
satirist
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H. L. Mencken unleashed his caustic wit.
9
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9
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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censure (noun) blame, condemnation. The news that Senator Packwood
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had
harassed
several
women
brought
censure
from
many
feminists.
9
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censure (verb).
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chaos
(noun)
disorder,
confusion,
chance.
The
first
few
moments
after
the
9
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explosion were pure chaos: no one was sure what had happened, and
9
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9
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the
area
was
filled
with
people
running
and
yelling.
chaotic
(adjective).
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9
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circuitous (adjective) winding or indirect. We drove to the cottage by a
9
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circuitous route so we could see as much of the surrounding countryside
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as possible.
9
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circumlocution (noun) speaking in a roundabout way; wordiness. Legal
9
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9
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documents
often
contain
circumlocutions
which
make
them
difficult
to
9
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9
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understand.
9
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circumscribe
(verb)
to
define
by
a
limit
or
boundary.
Originally,
the
role
of
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9
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the executive branch of government was clearly circumscribed, but that
9
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9
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role
has
greatly
expanded
over
time.
circumscription
(noun).
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circumvent (verb) to get around. When Jerry was caught speeding, he
9
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tried to circumvent the law by offering the police officer a bribe.
9
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clandestine
(adjective)
secret,
surreptitious.
As
a
member
of
the
under9
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9
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ground, Balas took part in clandestine meetings to discuss ways of
9
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9
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sabotaging
the
Nazi
forces.
9
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9
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cloying (adjective) overly sweet or sentimental. The deathbed scenes in the
9
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novels
of
Dickens
are
famously
cloying:
as
Oscar
Wilde
said,
One
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9
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would need a heart of stone to read the death of Little Nell without
9
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9
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laughing.
9
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9
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cogent (adjective) forceful and convincing. The committee members were
9
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9
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won over to the project by the cogent arguments of the chairman.
9
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cogency (noun).
9
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9
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cognizant (adjective) aware, mindful. Cognizant of the fact that it was
9
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9
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getting
late,
the
master
of
ceremonies
cut
short
the
last
speech.
9
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cognizance (noun).
9
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9
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cohesive
(adjective)
sticking
together,
unified.
An
effective
military
unit
9
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9
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must be a cohesive team, all its members working together for a
9
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9
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common
goal.
cohere
(verb),
cohesion
(noun).
9
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9
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collaborate (verb) to work together. To create a truly successful movie, the
9
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director, writers, actors, and many others must collaborate closely.
9
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9
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collaboration (noun), collaborative (adjective).
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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colloquial (adjective) informal in language; conversational. Some expres9
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9
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sions
from
Shakespeare,
such
as
the
use
of
thou
and
thee,
sound
formal
9
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today but were colloquial English in Shakespeares time.
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competent
(adjective)
having
the
skill
and
knowledge
needed
for
a
9
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9
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particular task; capable. Any competent lawyer can draw up a will.
9
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competence
(noun).
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9
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complacent (adjective) smug, self-satisfied. During the 1970s, American
9
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9
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auto makers became complacent, believing that they would continue to
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9
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be successful with little effort. complacency (noun).
9
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9
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composure (noun) calm, self-assurance. The president managed to keep
9
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9
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his
composure
during
his
speech
even
when
the
Teleprompter
broke
9
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9
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down, leaving him without a script. composed (adjective).
9
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9
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conciliatory
(adjective)
seeking
agreement,
compromise,
or
reconciliation.
9
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9
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As a conciliatory gesture, the union leaders agreed to postpone a strike
9
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9
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and
to
continue
negotiations
with
management.
conciliate
(verb),
9
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9
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conciliation
(noun).
9
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9
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concise (adjective) expressed briefly and simply; succinct. Less than a page
9
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9
long, the Bill of Rights is a concise statement of the freedoms enjoyed by
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9
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all Americans. concision (noun).
9
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9
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9
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condescending
(adjective)
having
an
attitude
of
superiority
toward
9
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9
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another; patronizing. What a cute little car! she remarked in a
9
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9
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condescending
style.
I
suppose
its
the
nicest
one
someone
like
you
9
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9
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could
afford!
condescension
(noun).
9
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9
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9
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condolence
(noun)
pity
for
someone
elses
sorrow
or
loss;
sympathy.
After
9
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9
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the
sudden
death
of
Princess
Diana,
thousands
of
messages
of
9
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9
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condolence were sent to her family. condole (verb).
9
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9
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confidant (noun) someone entrusted with anothers secrets. No one knew
9
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9
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about Janees engagement except Sarah, her confidant. confide (verb),
9
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9
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confidential (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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conformity (noun) agreement with or adherence to custom or rule. In my
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
high
school,
conformity
was
the
rule:
everyone
dressed
the
same,
talked
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9
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the same, and listened to the same music. conform (verb), conformist
9
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9
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(adjective).
9
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9
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9
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consensus (noun) general agreement among a group. Among Quakers,
9
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9
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voting traditionally is not used; instead, discussion continues until the
9
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9
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entire group forms a consensus.
9
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9
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9 155
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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consolation (noun) relief or comfort in sorrow or suffering. Although we
9
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9
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miss
our
dog
very
much,
it
is
a
consolation
to
know
that
she
died
9
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9
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quickly, without suffering. console (verb).
9
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9
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9
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consternation
(noun)
shock,
amazement,
dismay.
When
a
voice
in
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
back of the church shouted out, I know why they should not be
9
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9
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married!
the
entire
gathering
was
thrown
into
consternation.
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9
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9
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consummate (verb) to complete, finish, or perfect. The deal was consum9
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9
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mated with a handshake and the payment of the agreed-upon fee.
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9
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consummate (adjective), consummation (noun).
9
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contaminate (verb) to make impure. Chemicals dumped in a nearby forest
9
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9
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had
seeped
into
the
soil
and
contaminated
the
local
water
supply.
9
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9
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contamination (noun).
9
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contemporary
(adjective)
modern,
current;
from
the
same
time.
I
prefer
9
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9
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old-fashioned furniture rather than contemporary styles. The composer
9
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9
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Vivaldi
was
roughly
contemporary
with
Bach.
contemporary
(noun).
9
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9
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contrite (adjective) sorry for past misdeeds. The public is often willing to
9
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9
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forgive celebrities who are involved in some scandal, as long as they
9
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9
appear contrite. contrition (noun).
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9
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conundrum (noun) a riddle, puzzle, or problem. The question of why an
9
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9
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all-powerful,
all-loving
God
allows
evil
to
exist
is
a
conundrum
many
9
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9
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philosophers have pondered.
9
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9
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convergence
(noun)
the
act
of
coming
together
in
unity
or
similarity.
A
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9
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remarkable example of evolutionary convergence can be seen in the
9
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9
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shark
and
the
dolphin,
two
sea
creatures
that
developed
from
different
9
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9
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origins
to
become
very
similar
in
form.
converge
(verb).
9
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9
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9
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convoluted (adjective) twisting, complicated, intricate. Tax law has
9
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become so convoluted that its easy for people to accidentally violate it.
9
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9
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convolute (verb), convolution (noun).
9
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9
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corroborating
(adjective)
supporting
with
evidence;
confirming.
A
pass9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
erby who had witnessed the crime gave corroborating testimony about
9
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9
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the
presence
of
the
accused
person.
corroborate
(verb),
corroboration
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(noun).
9
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9
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corrosive
(adjective)
eating
away,
gnawing,
or
destroying.
Years
of
9
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9
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poverty and hard work had a corrosive effect on her beauty. corrode
9
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9
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(verb), corrosion (noun).
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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credulity (noun) willingness to believe, even with little evidence. Con
9
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artists
fool
people
by
taking
advantage
of
their
credulity.
credulous
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(adjective).
9
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criterion
(noun)
a
standard
of
measurement
or
judgment.
(The
plural
is
9
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criteria.) In choosing a design for the new taxicabs, reliability will be
9
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our
main
criterion.
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critique (noun) a critical evaluation. The editor gave a detailed critique of
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the manuscript, explaining its strengths and its weaknesses. critique
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(verb).
9
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culpable (adjective) deserving blame, guilty. Although he committed the
9
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9
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crime,
because
he
was
mentally
ill
he
should
not
be
considered
culpable
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for his actions. culpability (noun).
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cumulative
(adjective)
made
up
of
successive
additions.
Smallpox
was
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eliminated only through the cumulative efforts of several generations of
9
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doctors
and
scientists.
accumulation
(noun),
accumulate
(verb).
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curtail (verb) to shorten. Because of the military emergency, all soldiers on
9
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9
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leave were ordered to curtail their absences and return to duty.
9
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D
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debased (adjective) lowered in quality, character, or esteem. The quality of
9
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9
TV journalism has been debased by the many new tabloid-style talk
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shows. debase (verb).
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debunk
(verb)
to
expose
as
false
or
worthless.
Magician
James
Randi
9
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loves
to
debunk
psychics,
mediums,
clairvoyants,
and
others
who
claim
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supernatural powers.
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decorous
(adjective)
having
good
taste;
proper,
appropriate.
The
once
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reserved and decorous style of the British monarchy began to change
9
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when
the
chic,
flamboyant
young
Diana
Spencer
joined
the
family.
9
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decorum (noun).
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decry (verb) to criticize or condemn. Cigarette ads aimed at youngsters
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9
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have
led
many
to
decry
the
marketing
tactics
of
the
tobacco
industry.
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deduction
(noun)
a
logical
conclusion,
especially
a
specific
conclusion
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based
on
general
principles.
Based
on
what
is
known
about
the
effects
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of greenhouse gases on atmospheric temperature, scientists have made
9
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9
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several
deductions
about
the
likelihood
of
global
warming.
deduce
9
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(verb).
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9 157
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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delegate (verb) to give authority or responsibility. The president delegated
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9
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the
vice
president
to
represent
the
administration
at
the
peace
talks.
9
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delegate (noun).
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deleterious
(adjective)
harmful.
About
thirty
years
ago,
scientists
proved
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that working with asbestos could be deleterious to ones health,
9
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producing
cancer
and
other
diseases.
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9
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delineate (verb) to outline or describe. Naturalists had long suspected the
9
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fact of evolution, but Darwin was the first to delineate a process
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9
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natural selectionthrough which evolution could occur.
9
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demagogue (noun) a leader who plays dishonestly on the prejudices and
9
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9
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emotions
of
his
followers.
Senator
Joseph
McCarthy
was
a
demagogue
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who used the paranoia of the anti-Communist 1950s as a way of seizing
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fame
and
power
in
Washington.
demagoguery
(noun).
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9
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demure (adjective) modest or shy. The demure heroines of Victorian
9
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9
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fiction
have
given
way
to
todays
stronger,
more
opinionated,
and
more
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independent
female
characters.
9
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denigrate (verb) to criticize or belittle. The firms new president tried to
9
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9
explain his plans for improving the company without seeming to
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9
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denigrate the work of his predecessor. denigration (noun).
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9
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depose
(verb)
to
remove
from
office,
especially
from
a
throne.
Iran
was
9
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9
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formerly ruled by a monarch called the Shah, who was deposed in 1976.
9
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9
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derelict
(adjective)
neglecting
ones
duty.
The
train
crash
was
blamed
on
a
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9
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switchman who was derelict, having fallen asleep while on duty.
9
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9
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dereliction
(noun).
9
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9
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derivative (adjective) taken from a particular source. When a person first
9
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9
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writes poetry, her poems are apt to be derivative of whatever poetry she
9
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most enjoys reading. derivation (noun), derive (verb).
9
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9
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desolate (adjective) empty, lifeless, and deserted; hopeless, gloomy.
9
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9
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Robinson
Crusoe
was
shipwrecked
and
had
to
learn
to
survive
alone
on
9
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9
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a desolate island. The murder of her husband left Mary Lincoln
9
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9
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desolate.
desolation
(noun).
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9
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destitute (adjective) very poor. Years of rule by a dictator who stole the
9
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9
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wealth
of
the
country
had
left
the
people
of
the
Philippines
destitute.
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destitution (noun).
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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deter (verb) to discourage from acting. The best way to deter crime is to
9
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9
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insure
that
criminals
will
receive
swift
and
certain
punishment.
9
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9
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deterrence (noun), deterrent (adjective).
9
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9
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detractor
(noun)
someone
who
belittles
or
disparages.
Neil
Diamond
has
9
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9
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many detractors who consider his music boring, inane, and sentimental.
9
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9
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detract
(verb).
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9
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deviate (verb) to depart from a standard or norm. Having agreed upon a
9
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9
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spending budget for the company, we mustnt deviate from it; if we do,
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9
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we may run out of money soon. deviation (noun).
9
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9
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devious (adjective) tricky, deceptive. Milkens devious financial tactics
9
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9
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were
designed
to
enrich
his
firm
while
confusing
or
misleading
9
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9
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government regulators.
9
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9
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didactic
(adjective)
intended
to
teach,
instructive.
The
childrens
TV
show
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Sesame Street is designed to be both entertaining and didactic.
9
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9
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diffident (adjective) hesitant, reserved, shy. Someone with a diffident
9
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9
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personality should pursue a career that involves little public contact.
9
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9
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diffidence (noun).
9
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9
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diffuse
(verb)
to
spread
out,
to
scatter.
The
red
dye
quickly
became
9
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9
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diffused through the water, turning it a very pale pink. diffusion (noun).
9
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9
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digress
(verb)
to
wander
from
the
main
path
or
the
main
topic.
My
high
9
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9
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school biology teacher loved to digress from science into personal
9
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9
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anecdotes
about
his
college
adventures.
digression
(noun),
digressive
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9
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(adjective).
9
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9
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dilatory (adjective) delaying, procrastinating. The lawyer used various
9
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9
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dilatory tactics, hoping that his opponent would get tired of waiting for
9
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9
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a trial and drop the case.
9
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9
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diligent
(adjective)
working
hard
and
steadily.
Through
diligent
efforts,
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9
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the townspeople were able to clear away the debris from the flood in a
9
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9
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matter
of
days.
diligence
(noun).
9
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9
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diminutive (adjective) unusually small, tiny. Children are fond of Shetland
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ponies
because
their
diminutive
size
makes
them
easy
to
ride.
9
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9
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diminution (noun).
9
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9
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9
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discern (verb) to detect, notice, or observe. I could discern the shape of a
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9
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whale off the starboard bow, but it was too far away to determine its
9
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size or species. discernment (noun).
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9
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9
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9 159
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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disclose (verb) to make known; to reveal. Election laws require candidates
9
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9
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to
disclose
the
names
of
those
who
contribute
money
to
their
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campaigns. disclosure (noun).
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discomfit
(verb)
to
frustrate,
thwart,
or
embarrass.
Discomfited
by
the
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interviewers unexpected question, Peter could only stammer in reply.
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discomfiture
(noun).
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disconcert (verb) to confuse or embarrass. When the hallway bells began
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to ring halfway through her lecture, the speaker was disconcerted and
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didnt know what to do.
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discredit (verb) to cause disbelief in the accuracy of some statement or the
9
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reliability
of
a
person.
Although
many
people
still
believe
in
UFOs,
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among scientists the reports of alien encounters have been thoroughly
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discredited.
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discreet (adjective) showing good judgment in speech and behavior. Be
9
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discreet
when
discussing
confidential
business
mattersdont
talk
9
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among
strangers
on
the
elevator,
for
example.
discretion
(noun).
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discrepancy (noun) a difference or variance between two or more things.
9
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9
The discrepancies between the two witnesses stories show that one of
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them must be lying. discrepant (adjective).
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disdain
(noun)
contempt,
scorn.
Millionaire
Leona
Helmsley
was
disliked
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by many people because she treated little people with such disdain.
9
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disdain
(verb),
disdainful
(adjective).
9
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disingenuous (adjective) pretending to be candid, simple, and frank.
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When
Texas
billionaire
H.
Ross
Perot
ran
for
president,
many
9
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9
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considered
his
jest
plain
folks
style
disingenuous.
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disparage (verb) to speak disrespectfully about, to belittle. Many political
9
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ads today both praise their own candidate and disparage his or her
9
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opponent. disparagement (noun), disparaging (adjective).
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disparity
(noun)
difference
in
quality
or
kind.
There
is
often
a
disparity
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between the kind of high-quality television people say they want and the
9
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low-brow
programs
they
actually
watch.
disparate
(adjective).
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disregard (verb) to ignore, to neglect. If you dont write a will, when you
9
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9
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die,
your
survivors
may
disregard
your
wishes
about
how
your
property
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should be handled. disregard (noun).
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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disruptive (adjective) causing disorder, interrupting. When the senator
9
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9
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spoke
at
our
college,
angry
demonstrators
picketed,
heckled,
and
9
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engaged in other disruptive activities. disrupt (verb), disruption (noun).
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dissemble
(verb)
to
pretend,
to
simulate.
When
the
police
questioned
her
9
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about the crime, she dissembled innocence.
9
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dissipate (verb) to spread out or scatter. The windows and doors were
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9
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opened, allowing the smoke that had filled the room to dissipate.
9
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dissipation (noun).
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dissonance (noun) lack of music harmony; lack of agreement between
9
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ideas. Most modern music is characterized by dissonance, which many
9
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9
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listeners
find
hard
to
enjoy.
There
is
a
noticeable
dissonance
between
9
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two common beliefs of most conservatives: their faith in unfettered free
9
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markets
and
their
preference
for
traditional
social
values.
dissonant
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(adjective).
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diverge
(verb)
to
move
in
different
directions.
Frosts
poem
The
Road
Less
9
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Traveled
tells
of
the
choice
he
made
when
Two
roads
diverged
in
a
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yellow wood. divergence (noun), divergent (adjective).
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9
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9
diversion (noun) a distraction or pastime. During the two hours he spent
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9
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in the doctors waiting room, his hand-held computer game was a
9
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9
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welcome diversion. divert (verb).
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divination (noun) the art of predicting the future. In ancient Greece,
9
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9
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people
wanting
to
know
their
fate
would
visit
the
priests
at
Delphi,
9
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supposedly
skilled
at
divination.
divine
(verb).
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divisive
(adjective)
causing
disagreement
or
disunity.
Throughout
history,
9
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9
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race
has
been
the
most
divisive
issue
in
American
society.
9
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divulge (verb) to reveal. The people who count the votes for the Oscar
9
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awards are under strict orders not to divulge the names of the winners.
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9
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dogmatic (adjective) holding firmly to a particular set of beliefs with little
9
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9
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or
no
basis.
Believers
in
Marxist
doctrine
tend
to
be
dogmatic,
ignoring
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evidence that contradicts their beliefs. dogmatism (noun).
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dominant
(adjective)
greatest
in
importance
or
power.
Turners
Frontier
9
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Thesis suggests that the existence of the frontier had a dominant
9
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influence
on
American
culture.
dominate
(verb),
domination
(noun).
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9
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dubious (adjective) doubtful, uncertain. Despite the chairmans attempts
9
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to convince the committee members that his plan would succeed, most
9
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of them remained dubious. dubiety (noun).
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9
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9 161
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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durable (adjective) long lasting. Denim is a popular material for work
9
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clothes
because
it
is
strong
and
durable.
9
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duress (noun) compulsion or restraint. Fearing that the police might beat
9
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9
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him,
he
confessed
to
the
crime,
not
willingly
but
under
duress.
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E
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eclectic
(adjective)
drawn
from
many
sources;
varied,
heterogeneous.
The
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Mellon family art collection is an eclectic one, including works ranging
9
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from ancient Greek sculptures to modern paintings. eclecticism (noun).
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efficacious (adjective) able to produce a desired effect. Though thousands
9
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of people today are taking herbal supplements to treat depression,
9
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researchers have not yet proved them efficacious. efficacy (noun).
9
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effrontery (noun) shameless boldness. The sports world was shocked
9
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9
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when a pro basketball player had the effrontery to choke his head coach
9
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9
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during
a
practice
session.
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effusive
(adjective)
pouring
forth
ones
emotions
very
freely.
Having
won
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the
Oscar
for
Best
Actress,
Sally
Field
gave
an
effusive
acceptance
9
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9
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speech in which she marveled, You like me! You really like me!
9
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effusion
(noun).
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egoism (noun) excessive concern with oneself; conceit. Roberts egoism
9
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9
was so great that all he could talk about was the importanceand the
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brillianceof his own opinions. egoistic (adjective).
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egregious (adjective) obvious, conspicuous, flagrant. Its hard to imagine
9
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9
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how
the
editor
could
allow
such
an
egregious
error
to
appear.
9
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elated
(adjective)
excited
and
happy;
exultant.
When
the
Green
Bay
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Packers
last,
desperate
pass
was
dropped,
the
elated
fans
of
the
Denver
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Broncos began to celebrate. elate (verb), elation (noun).
9
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elliptical (adjective) very terse or concise in writing or speech; difficult to
9
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9
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understand. Rather than speak plainly, she hinted at her meaning
9
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through a series of nods, gestures, and elliptical half sentences.
9
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9
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elusive (adjective) hard to capture, grasp, or understand. Though every9
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9
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one
thinks
they
know
what
justice
is,
when
you
try
to
define
the
9
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9
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concept
precisely,
it
proves
to
be
quite
elusive.
9
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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embezzle (verb) to steal money or property that has been entrusted to your
9
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care.
The
church
treasurer
was
found
to
have
embezzled
thousands
of
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dollars by writing phony checks on the church bank account.
9
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embezzlement
(noun).
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9
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emend (verb) to correct. Before the letter is mailed, please emend the two
9
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spelling
errors.
emendation
(noun).
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emigrate (verb) to leave one place or country to settle elsewhere. Millions
9
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of Irish emigrated to the New World in the wake of the great Irish
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famines of the 1840s. emigrant (noun), emigration (noun).
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eminent (adjective) noteworthy, famous. Vaclav Havel was an eminent
9
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author
before
being
elected
president
of
the
Czech
Republic.
eminence
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(noun).
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emissary
(noun)
someone
who
represents
another.
In
an
effort
to
avoid
a
9
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military showdown, Carter was sent as an emissary to Korea to
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negotiate
a
settlement.
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emollient (noun) something that softens or soothes. She used a hand
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cream as an emollient on her dry, work-roughened hands. emollient
9
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9
(adjective).
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empathy (noun) imaginative sharing of the feelings, thoughts, or experi9
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ences
of
another.
Its
easy
for
a
parent
to
have
empathy
for
the
sorrow
of
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9
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another parent whose child has died. empathetic (adjective).
9
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empirical
(adjective)
based
on
experience
or
personal
observation.
Al123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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though many people believe in ESP, scientists have found no empirical
9
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9
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evidence
of
its
existence.
empiricism
(noun).
9
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9
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emulate (verb) to imitate or copy. The British band Oasis admitted their
9
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9
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desire to emulate their idols, the Beatles. emulation (noun).
9
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encroach
(verb)
to
go
beyond
acceptable
limits;
to
trespass.
By
quietly
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9
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seizing more and more authority, Robert Moses continually encroached
9
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9
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on
the
powers
of
other
government
leaders.
encroachment
(noun).
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enervate (verb) to reduce the energy or strength of someone or something.
9
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9
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The
stress
of
the
operation
left
her
feeling
enervated
for
about
two
9
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weeks.
9
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9
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engender (verb) to produce, to cause. Countless disagreements over the
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9
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proper use of national forests have engendered feelings of hostility
9
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between ranchers and environmentalists.
9
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9
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9 163
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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enhance (verb) to improve in value or quality. New kitchen appliances will
9
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9
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enhance
your
house
and
increase
the
amount
of
money
youll
make
9
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when you sell it. enhancement (noun).
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enmity
(noun)
hatred,
hostility,
ill
will.
Long-standing
enmity,
like
that
9
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9
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between the Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland, is difficult
9
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9
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to
overcome.
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9
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enthrall (verb) to enchant or charm. When the Swedish singer Jenny Lind
9
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9
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toured America in the nineteenth century, audiences were enthralled by
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9
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her beauty and talent.
9
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ephemeral (adjective) quickly disappearing; transient. Stardom in pop mu9
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9
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sic
is
ephemeral;
most
of
the
top
acts
of
ten
years
ago
are
forgotten
today.
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equanimity (noun) calmness of mind, especially under stress. Roosevelt
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9
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had
the
gift
of
facing
the
great
crises
of
his
presidencythe
Depression
9
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and the Second World Warwith equanimity and even humor.
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eradicate (verb) to destroy completely. American society has failed to
9
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9
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eradicate racism, although some of its worst effects have been reduced.
9
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espouse (verb) to take up as a cause; to adopt. No politician in American
9
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9
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today
will
openly
espouse
racism,
although
some
behave
and
speak
in
9
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9
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racially prejudiced ways.
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euphoric
(adjective)
a
feeling
of
extreme
happiness
and
well-being;
9
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9
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elation. One often feels euphoric during the earliest days of a new love
9
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9
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affair.
euphoria
(noun).
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9
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evanescent (adjective) vanishing like a vapor; fragile and transient. As she
9
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9
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walked by, the evanescent fragrance of her perfume reached me for just
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9
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an instant.
9
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9
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exacerbate (verb) to make worse or more severe. The roads in our town
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9
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already
have
too
much
traffic;
building
a
new
shopping
mall
will
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9
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exacerbate the problem.
9
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9
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exasperate (verb) to irritate or annoy. Because she was trying to study,
9
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9
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Sharon was exasperated by the yelling of her neighbors children.
9
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9
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exculpate (verb) to free from blame or guilt. When someone else confessed
9
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9
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to the crime, the previous suspect was exculpated. exculpation (noun),
9
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9
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exculpatory (adjective).
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9
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exemplary (adjective) worthy to serve as a model. The Baldrige Award is
9
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9
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given to a company with exemplary standards of excellence in products
9
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9
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and
service.
exemplar
(noun),
exemplify
(verb).
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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exonerate (verb) to free from blame. Although Jewell was suspected at
9
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9
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first
of
being
involved
in
the
bombing,
later
evidence
exonerated
him.
9
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9
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exoneration (noun), exonerative (adjective).
9
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9
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expansive
(adjective)
broad
and
large;
speaking
openly
and
freely.
The
9
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9
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LBJ Ranch is located on an expansive tract of land in Texas. Over
9
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dinner,
she
became
expansive
in
describing
her
dreams
for
the
future.
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9
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expedite (verb) to carry out promptly. As the flood waters rose, the
9
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9
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governor ordered state agencies to expedite their rescue efforts.
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9
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expertise (noun) skill, mastery. The software company was eager to hire
9
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9
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new graduates with programming expertise.
9
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9
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expiate (verb) to atone for. The presidents apology to the survivors of the
9
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9
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notorious Tuskegee experiments was his attempt to expiate the nations
9
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9
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guilt
over
their
mistreatment.
expiation
(noun).
9
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9
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expropriate (verb) to seize ownership of. When the Communists came to
9
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9
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power in China, they expropriated most businesses and turned them
9
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9
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over to government-appointed managers. expropriation (noun).
9
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extant (adjective) currently in existence. Of the seven ancient Wonders of
9
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9
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the
World,
only
the
pyramids
of
Egypt
are
still
extant.
9
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9
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extenuate
(verb)
to
make
less
serious.
Karens
guilt
is
extenuated
by
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fact
that
she
was
only
twelve
when
she
committed
the
theft.
extenuating
9
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9
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(adjective), extenuation (noun).
9
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9
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extol
(verb)
to
greatly
praise.
At
the
party
convention,
speaker
after
9
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9
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speaker rose to extol their candidate for the presidency.
9
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9
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extricate (verb) to free from a difficult or complicated situation. Much of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the humor in the TV show I Love Lucy comes in watching Lucy try to
9
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9
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extricate herself from the problems she creates by fibbing or trickery.
9
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extricable
(adjective).
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9
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extrinsic (adjective) not an innate part or aspect of something; external.
9
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9
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The
high
price
of
old
baseball
cards
is
due
to
extrinsic
factors,
such
as
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9
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the nostalgia felt by baseball fans for the stars of their youth, rather than
9
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9
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the
inherent
beauty
or
value
of
the
cards
themselves.
9
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9
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exuberant (adjective) wildly joyous and enthusiastic. As the final seconds
9
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9
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of the game ticked away, the fans of the winning team began an
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9
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exuberant celebration. exuberance (noun).
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9
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9 165
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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F
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facile (adjective) easy; shallow or superficial. The one-minute political
9
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commercial
favors
a
candidate
with
facile
opinions
rather
than
serious,
9
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thoughtful solutions. facilitate (verb), facility (noun).
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fallacy (noun) an error in fact or logic. Its a fallacy to think that
9
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9
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natural means healthful; after all, the deadly poison arsenic is
9
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completely natural. fallacious (adjective).
9
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felicitous (adjective) pleasing, fortunate, apt. The sudden blossoming of
9
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9
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the dogwood trees on the morning of Matts wedding seemed a
9
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9
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felicitous
sign
of
good
luck.
felicity
(noun).
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feral (adjective) wild. The garbage dump was inhabited by a pack of feral
9
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9
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dogs,
that
had
escaped
from
their
owners
and
become
completely
wild.
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fervent (adjective) full of intense feeling; ardent, zealous. In the days just
9
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after his religious conversion, his piety was at its most fervent. fervid
9
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(adjective), fervor (noun).
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flagrant (adjective) obviously wrong; offensive. Nixon was forced to
9
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9
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resign
the
presidency
after
a
series
of
flagrant
crimes
against
the
U.S.
9
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Constitution. flagrancy (noun).
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flamboyant
(adjective)
very
colorful,
showy,
or
elaborate.
At
Mardi
Gras,
9
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9
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partygoers compete to show off the most wild and flamboyant outfits.
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florid (adjective) flowery, fancy; reddish. The grand ballroom was
9
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9
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decorated in a florid style. Years of heavy drinking had given him a
9
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florid complexion.
9
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foppish (adjective) describing a man who is foolishly vain about his dress
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or
appearance.
The
foppish
character
of
the
1890s
wore
bright-colored
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spats
and
a
top
hat;
in
the
1980s,
he
wore
fancy
suspenders
and
a
shirt
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with a contrasting collar. fop (noun).
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formidable (adjective) awesome, impressive, or frightening. According to
9
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9
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his plaque in the Baseball Hall of Fame, pitcher Tom Seaver turned the
9
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9
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New
York
Mets
from
lovable
losers
into
formidable
foes.
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fortuitous (adjective) lucky, fortunate. Although the mayor claimed credit
9
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for the falling crime rate, it was really caused by several fortuitous
9
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9
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trends.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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fractious (adjective) troublesome, unruly. Members of the British Parlia9
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9
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ment
are
often
fractious,
shouting
insults
and
sarcastic
questions
during
9
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9
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debates.
9
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fragility
(noun)
the
quality
of
being
easy
to
break;
delicacy,
weakness.
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Because of their fragility, few stained glass windows from the early
9
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9
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Middle
Ages
have
survived.
fragile
(adjective).
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9
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fraternize (verb) to associate with on friendly terms. Although baseball
9
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9
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players arent supposed to fraternize with their opponents, players from
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9
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opposing teams often chat before games. fraternization (noun).
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frenetic (adjective) chaotic, frantic. The floor of the stock exchange, filled
9
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9
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with
traders
shouting
and
gesturing,
is
a
scene
of
frenetic
activity.
9
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9
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frivolity (noun) lack of seriousness; levity. The frivolity of the Mardi Gras
9
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carnival
is
in
contrast
to
the
seriousness
of
the
religious
season
of
Lent
9
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9
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that follows. frivolous (adjective).
9
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9
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frugal (adjective) spending little. With our last few dollars, we bought a
9
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9
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frugal dinner: a loaf of bread and a piece of cheese. frugality (noun).
9
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9
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fugitive (noun) someone trying to escape. When two prisoners broke out
9
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9
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of
the
local
jail,
police
were
warned
to
keep
an
eye
out
for
the
fugitives.
9
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9
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fugitive (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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G
9
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9
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9
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gargantuan (adjective) huge, colossal. The building of the Great Wall of
9
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9
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China
was
one
of
the
most
gargantuan
projects
ever
undertaken.
9
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9
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genial (adjective) friendly, gracious. A good host welcomes all visitors in a
9
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9
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warm
and
genial
fashion.
9
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9
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grandiose (adjective) overly large, pretentious, or showy. Among Hitlers
9
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9
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grandiose plans for Berlin was a gigantic building with a dome several
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9
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times larger than any ever built. grandiosity (noun).
9
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9
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gratuitous (adjective) given freely or without cause. Since her opinion was
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
not
requested,
her
harsh
criticism
of
his
singing
seemed
a
gratuitous
9
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9
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insult.
9
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9
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gregarious
(adjective)
enjoying
the
company
of
others;
sociable.
Marty
is
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9
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naturally gregarious, a popular member of several clubs and a
9
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9
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sought-after
lunch
companion.
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9
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9
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9 167
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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guileless (adjective) without cunning; innocent. Deborahs guileless per9
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9
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sonality
and
complete
honesty
make
it
hard
for
her
to
survive
in
the
9
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9
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harsh world of politics.
9
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gullible
(adjective)
easily
fooled.
When
the
sweepstakes
entry
form
arrived
9
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9
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bearing the message, You may be a winner! my gullible neighbor tried
9
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9
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to
claim
a
prize.
gullibility
(noun).
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9
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9
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9
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H
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hackneyed (adjective) without originality, trite. When someone invented
9
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9
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the
phrase,
No
pain,
no
gain,
it
was
clever,
but
now
it
is
so
commonly
9
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9
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heard that it seems hackneyed.
9
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9
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9
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haughty (adjective) overly proud. The fashion model strode down the
9
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runway, her hips thrust forward and a haughty expression, like a sneer,
9
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9
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on her face. haughtiness (noun).
9
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9
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hedonist
(noun)
someone
who
lives
mainly
to
pursue
pleasure.
Having
9
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9
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inherited great wealth, he chose to live the life of a hedonist, traveling
9
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9
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the
world
in
luxury.
hedonism
(noun),
hedonistic
(adjective).
9
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9
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heinous (adjective) very evil, hateful. The massacre by Pol Pot of more
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
than
a
million
Cambodians
is
one
of
the
twentieth
centurys
most
9
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9
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heinous crimes.
9
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9
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9
hierarchy (noun) a ranking of people, things, or ideas from highest to
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
lowest. A cabinet secretary ranks just below the president and vice
9
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9
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president in the hierarchy of the executive branch. hierarchical
9
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9
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(adjective).
9
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9
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9
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hypocrisy (noun) a false pretense of virtue. When the sexual misconduct
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of
the
television
preacher
was
exposed,
his
followers
were
shocked
at
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9
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his hypocrisy. hypocritical (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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I
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9
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9
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iconoclast (noun) someone who attacks traditional beliefs or institutions.
9
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9
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Comedian Dennis Miller enjoys his reputation as an iconoclast, though
9
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9
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people
in
power
often
resent
his
satirical
jabs.
iconoclasm
(noun),
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9
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iconoclastic (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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9
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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9
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idiosyncratic (adjective) peculiar to an individual; eccentric. Cyndi Lauper
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sings
pop
music
in
an
idiosyncratic
style,
mingling
high-pitched
whoops
9
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9
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and squeals with throaty gurgles. idiosyncrasy (noun).
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9
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idolatry
(noun)
the
worship
of
a
person,
thing,
or
institution
as
a
god.
In
9
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9
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Communist China, Chairman Mao was the subject of idolatry; his
9
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9
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picture
was
displayed
everywhere,
and
millions
of
Chinese
memorized
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9
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his sayings. idolatrous (adjective).
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impartial (adjective) fair, equal, unbiased. If a judge is not impartial, then
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9
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all of her rulings are questionable. impartiality (noun).
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impeccable (adjective) flawless. The crooks printed impeccable copies of
9
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the
Super
Bowl
tickets,
making
it
impossible
to
distinguish
them
from
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the real ones.
9
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impetuous
(adjective)
acting
hastily
or
impulsively.
Bens
resignation
was
9
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an impetuous act; he did it without thinking, and he soon regretted it.
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impetuosity
(noun).
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impinge (verb) to encroach upon, touch, or affect. You have a right to do
9
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whatever you want, so long as your actions dont impinge on the rights
9
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9
of others.
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implicit (adjective) understood without being openly expressed; implied.
9
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Although
most
clubs
had
no
rules
excluding
students,
many
had
an
9
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implicit understanding that no students would be allowed to join.
9
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impute
(verb)
to
credit
or
give
responsibility
to;
to
attribute.
Although
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9
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Sarahs comments embarrassed me, I dont impute any ill will to her; I
9
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9
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think
she
didnt
realize
what
she
was
saying.
imputation
(noun).
9
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9
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inarticulate (adjective) unable to speak or express oneself clearly and
9
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9
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understandably. A skilled athlete may be an inarticulate public speaker,
9
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as demonstrated by many post-game interviews.
9
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9
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incisive (adjective) expressed clearly and directly. Franklin settled the
9
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9
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debate
with
a
few
incisive
remarks
that
summed
up
the
issue
perfectly.
9
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9
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incompatible (adjective) unable to exist together; conflicting. Many
9
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9
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people
hold
seemingly
incompatible
beliefs:
for
example,
supporting
the
9
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9
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death penalty while believing in the sacredness of human life.
9
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9
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incompatibility
(noun).
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9
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inconsequential (adjective) of little importance. When the stereo was
9
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delivered, it was a different shade of gray than I expected, but the
9
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9
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difference was inconsequential.
9
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9
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9 169
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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incontrovertible (adjective) impossible to question. The fact that Sheilas
9
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9
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fingerprints
were
the
only
ones
on
the
murder
weapon
made
her
guilt
9
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9
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seem incontrovertible.
9
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incorrigible
(adjective)
impossible
to
manage
or
reform.
Lou
is
an
9
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9
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incorrigible trickster, constantly playing practical jokes no matter how
9
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9
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much
his
friends
complain.
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9
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incremental (adjective) increasing gradually by small amounts. Although
9
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9
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the initial cost of the Medicare program was small, the incremental
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9
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expenses have grown to be very large. increment (noun).
9
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9
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incriminate (adjective) to give evidence of guilt. The fifth amendment to
9
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9
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the
Constitution
says
that
no
one
is
required
to
reveal
information
that
9
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9
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would incriminate him in a crime. incriminating (adjective).
9
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incumbent
(noun)
someone
who
occupies
an
office
or
position.
It
is
often
9
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9
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difficult for a challenger to win a seat in Congress from the incumbent.
9
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9
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incumbency
(noun),
incumbent
(adjective).
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9
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indeterminate (adjective) not definitely known. The college plans to enroll
9
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9
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an indeterminate number of students; the size of the class will depend on
9
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9
the number of applicants and how many accept offers of admission.
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9
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determine (verb).
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9
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indifferent
(adjective)
unconcerned,
apathetic.
The
mayors
small
pro9
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9
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posed budget for education suggests that he is indifferent to the needs of
9
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9
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our
schools.
indifference
(noun).
9
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9
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indistinct (adjective) unclear, uncertain. We could see boats on the water,
9
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9
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but
in
the
thick
morning
fog
their
shapes
were
indistinct.
9
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9
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indomitable (adjective) unable to be conquered or controlled. The world
9
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9
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admired the indomitable spirit of Nelson Mandela; he remained
9
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courageous despite years of imprisonment.
9
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9
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induce (verb) to cause. The doctor prescribed a medicine that was
9
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9
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supposed
to
induce
a
lowering
of
the
blood
pressure.
induction
(noun).
9
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9
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ineffable (adjective) difficult to describe or express. He gazed in silence at
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
sunrise
over
the
Taj
Mahal,
his
eyes
reflecting
an
ineffable
sense
of
9
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9
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wonder.
9
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9
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9
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inevitable (adjective) unable to be avoided. Once the Japanese attacked
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9
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Pearl Harbor, American involvement in World War II was inevitable.
9
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inevitability (noun).
9
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9
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9
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170 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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9
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inexorable (adjective) unable to be deterred; relentless. Its difficult to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
imagine
how
the
mythic
character
of
Oedipus
could
have
avoided
his
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
evil destiny; his fate appears inexorable.
9
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9
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ingenious
(adjective)
showing
cleverness
and
originality.
The
Post-it
note
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is an ingenious solution to a common problemhow to mark papers
9
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9
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without
spoiling
them.
ingenuity
(noun).
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9
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9
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inherent (adjective) naturally part of something. Compromise is inherent
9
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9
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in democracy, since everyone cannot get his way. inhere (verb),
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9
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inherence (noun).
9
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9
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innate (adjective) inborn, native. Not everyone who takes piano lessons
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
becomes
a
fine
musician,
which
shows
that
music
requires
innate
talent
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
as well as training.
9
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9
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9
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innocuous
(adjective)
harmless,
inoffensive.
I
was
surprised
that
Andrea
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
took offense at such an innocuous joke.
9
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9
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9
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inoculate (verb) to prevent a disease by infusing with a disease-causing
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
organism. Pasteur found he could prevent rabies by inoculating patients
9
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9
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with the virus that causes the disease. inoculation (noun).
9
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9
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insipid
(adjective)
flavorless,
uninteresting.
Most
TV
shows
are
so
insipid
9
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9
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that you can watch them while reading without missing a thing.
9
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9
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insipidity
(noun).
9
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9
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9
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insolence (noun) an attitude or behavior that is bold and disrespectful.
9
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9
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Some
feel
that
news
reporters
who
shout
questions
at
the
president
are
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9
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behaving with insolence. insolent (adjective).
9
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9
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insular (adjective) narrow or isolated in attitude or viewpoint. Americans
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are famous for their insular attitudes; they seem to think that nothing
9
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9
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important has ever happened outside of their country. insularity (noun).
9
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9
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insurgency
(noun)
uprising,
rebellion.
The
angry
townspeople
had
begun
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9
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an insurgency bordering on downright revolution; they were collecting
9
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9
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arms,
holding
secret
meetings,
and
refusing
to
pay
certain
taxes.
9
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9
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insurgent (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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integrity
(noun)
honesty,
uprightness;
soundness,
completeness.
Honest
9
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9
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Abe Lincoln is considered a model of political integrity. Inspectors
9
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9
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examined
the
buildings
support
beams
and
foundation
and
found
no
9
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9
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reason to doubt its structural integrity.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9 171
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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interlocutor (noun) someone taking part in a dialogue or conversation.
9
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9
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Annoyed
by
the
constant
questions
from
someone
in
the
crowd,
the
9
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9
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speaker challenged his interlocutor to offer a better plan. interlocutory
9
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9
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(adjective).
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9
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9
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interlude (noun) an interrupting period or performance. The two most
9
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9
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dramatic
scenes
in
King
Lear
are
separated,
strangely,
by
a
comic
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9
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interlude starring the kings jester.
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interminable (adjective) endless or seemingly endless. Addressing the
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9
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United Nations, Castro announced, We will be briefthen delivered
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an interminable 4-hour speech.
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intransigent
(adjective)
unwilling
to
compromise.
Despite
the
mediators
9
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attempts to suggest a fair solution, the two parties were intransigent,
9
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forcing
a
showdown.
intransigence
(noun).
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intrepid (adjective) fearless and resolute. Only an intrepid adventurer is
9
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willing
to
undertake
the
long
and
dangerous
trip
by
sled
to
the
South
9
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9
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Pole.
intrepidity
(noun).
9
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intrusive (adjective) forcing a way in without being welcome. The legal
9
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9
requirement of a search warrant is supposed to protect Americans from
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intrusive searches by the police. intrude (verb), intrusion (noun).
9
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intuitive
(adjective)
known
directly,
without
apparent
thought
or
effort.
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An experienced chess player sometimes has an intuitive sense of the best
9
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move
to
make,
even
if
she
cant
explain
it.
intuit
(verb),
intuition
(noun).
9
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9
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inundate (verb) to flood; to overwhelm. As soon as playoff tickets went on
9
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9
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sale,
eager
fans
inundated
the
box
office
with
orders.
9
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9
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invariable (adjective) unchanging, constant. When writing a book, it was
9
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9
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her invariable habit to rise at 6 and work at her desk from 7 to 12.
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invariability (noun).
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inversion (noun) a turning backwards, inside-out, or upside-down; a
9
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reversal.
Latin
poetry
often
features
inversion
of
word
order;
for
9
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9
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example, the first line of Virgils Aeneid: Arms and the man I sing.
9
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invert
(verb),
inverted
(adjective).
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9
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inveterate (adjective) persistent, habitual. Its very difficult for an inveter9
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9
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ate
gambler
to
give
up
the
pastime.
inveteracy
(noun).
9
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9
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invigorate (verb) to give energy to, to stimulate. As her car climbed the
9
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mountain road, Lucinda felt invigorated by the clear air and the cool
9
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breezes.
9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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invincible (adjective) impossible to conquer or overcome. For three years
9
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9
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at
the
height
of
his
career,
boxer
Mike
Tyson
seemed
invincible.
9
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inviolable (adjective) impossible to attack or trespass upon. In the
9
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9
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presidents
remote
hideaway
at
Camp
David,
guarded
by
the
Secret
9
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Service, his privacy is, for once, inviolable.
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irrational (adjective) unreasonable. Charles knew that his fear of insects
9
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was irrational, but he was unable to overcome it. irrationality (noun).
9
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irresolute (adjective) uncertain how to act, indecisive. When McGovern
9
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9
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first
said
he
supported
his
vice
presidential
candidate
one
thousand
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9
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percent, then dropped him from the ticket, it made McGovern appear
9
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9
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irresolute.
irresolution
(noun).
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9
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9
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J
9
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9
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9
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jeopardize (verb) to put in danger. Terrorist attacks jeopardize the fragile
9
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9
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peace
in
the
Middle
East.
jeopardy
(noun).
9
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9
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juxtapose
(verb)
to
put
side
by
side.
It
was
strange
to
see
the
old-time
9
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9
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actor
Charlton
Heston
and
rock
icon
Bob
Dylan
juxtaposed
at
the
9
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9
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awards ceremony. juxtaposition (noun).
9
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9
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9
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9
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L
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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languid (adjective) without energy; slow, sluggish, listless. The hot, humid
9
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9
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weather
of
late
August
can
make
anyone
feel
languid.
languish
(verb),
9
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9
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languor
(noun).
9
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9
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latent (adjective) not currently obvious or active; hidden. Although he had
9
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committed only a single act of violence, the psychiatrist who examined
9
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9
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him said he had probably always had a latent tendency toward violence.
9
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9
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latency (noun).
9
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9
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9
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laudatory (adjective) giving praise. The ads for the movie are filled with
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
laudatory
comments
from
critics.
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9
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lenient (adjective) mild, soothing, or forgiving. The judge was known for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
his
lenient
disposition;
he
rarely
imposed
long
jail
sentences
on
9
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9
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criminals. leniency (noun).
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9
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9
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9
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9 173
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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lethargic (adjective) lacking energy; sluggish. Visitors to the zoo are
9
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9
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surprised
that
the
lions
appear
so
lethargic,
but,
in
the
wild,
lions
sleep
9
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9
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up to 18 hours a day. lethargy (noun).
9
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9
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liability
(noun)
an
obligation
or
debt;
a
weakness
or
drawback.
The
9
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9
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insurance company had a liability of millions of dollars after the town
9
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9
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was
destroyed
by
a
tornado.
Slowness
afoot
is
a
serious
liability
in
an
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9
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aspiring basketball player. liable (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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lithe (adjective) flexible and graceful. The ballet dancer was almost as
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9
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lithe as a cat.
9
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9
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longevity (noun) length of life; durability. The reduction in early deaths
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
from
infectious
diseases
is
responsible
for
most
of
the
increase
in
human
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
longevity over the past two centuries.
9
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9
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lucid
(adjective)
clear
and
understandable.
Hawkings
A
Short
History
of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the Universe is a lucid explanation of modern scientific theories about
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
origin
of
the
universe.
lucidity
(noun).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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lurid (adjective) shocking, gruesome. While the serial killer was on the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
loose, the newspapers were filled with lurid stories about his crimes.
9
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9
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9
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9
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M
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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malediction (noun) curse. In the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty, the princess
9
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9
is trapped in a death-like sleep because of the malediction uttered by an
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angry witch.
9
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9
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malevolence
(noun)
hatred,
ill
will.
Critics
say
that
Iago,
the
villain
in
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Shakespeares
Othello,
seems
to
exhibit
malevolence
with
no
real
cause.
9
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9
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malevolent (adjective).
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
malinger
(verb)
to
pretend
incapacity
or
illness
to
avoid
a
duty
or
work.
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9
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During the labor dispute, hundreds of employees malingered, forcing
9
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9
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the
company
to
slow
production
and
costing
it
millions
in
profits.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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malleable (adjective) able to be changed, shaped, or formed by outside
9
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pressures. Gold is a very useful metal because it is so malleable. A childs
9
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9
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personality
is
malleable
and
deeply
influenced
by
the
things
her
parents
9
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9
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say and do. malleability (noun).
9
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9
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9
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mandate
(noun)
order,
command.
The
new
policy
on
gays
in
the
military
9
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9
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went into effect as soon as the president issued his mandate about it.
9
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9
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mandate
(verb),
mandatory
(adjective).
9
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9
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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9
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maturation (noun) the process of becoming fully grown or developed.
9
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9
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Free
markets
in
the
former
Communist
nations
are
likely
to
operate
9
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9
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smoothly only after a long period of maturation. mature (adjective and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
verb),
maturity
(noun).
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9
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9
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mediate (verb) to act to reconcile differences between two parties. During
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
baseball
strike,
both
the
players
and
the
club
owners
were
willing
to
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9
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have the president mediate the dispute. mediation (noun).
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mediocrity (noun) the state of being middling or poor in quality. The New
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York Mets, finished in ninth place in 1968, won the worlds
9
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championship in 1969, going from horrible to great in a single year and
9
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skipping mediocrity. mediocre (adjective).
9
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mercurial (adjective) changing quickly and unpredictably. The mercurial
9
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personality
of
Robin
Williams,
with
his
many
voices
and
styles,
made
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him perfect for the role of the ever-changing genie in Aladdin.
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meticulous
(adjective)
very
careful
with
details.
Repairing
watches
calls
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for
a
craftsperson
who
is
patient
and
meticulous.
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mimicry (noun) imitation, aping. The continued popularity of Elvis
9
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9
Presley has given rise to a class of entertainers who make a living
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through mimicry of The King. mimic (noun and verb).
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misconception
(noun)
a
mistaken
idea.
Columbus
sailed
west
with
the
9
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9
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misconception that he would reach the shores of Asia. misconceive
9
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(verb).
9
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9
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mitigate (verb) to make less severe; to relieve. Wallace certainly commit9
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9
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ted
the
assault,
but
the
verbal
abuse
hed
received
helps
to
explain
his
9
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9
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behavior
and
somewhat
mitigates
his
guilt.
mitigation
(noun).
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modicum (noun) a small amount. The plan for your new business is well
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designed; with a modicum of luck, you should be successful.
9
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mollify (verb) to soothe or calm; to appease. Carla tried to mollify the
9
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9
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angry
customer
by
promising
him
a
full
refund.
9
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morose (adjective) gloomy, sullen. After Chucks girlfriend dumped him,
9
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9
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he
lay
around
the
house
for
a
couple
of
days,
feeling
morose.
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mundane (adjective) everyday, ordinary, commonplace. Moviegoers in the
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9
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1930s liked the glamorous films of Fred Astaire because they provided
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9
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an escape from the mundane problems of life during the Great
9
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Depression.
9
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9 175
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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munificent (adjective) very generous; lavish. Ted Turners billion-dollar
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donation
to
the
United
Nations
is
probably
the
most
munificent
act
of
9
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charity in history. munificence (noun).
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mutable
(adjective)
likely
to
change.
A
politicians
reputation
can
be
9
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9
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highly mutable, as seen in the case of Harry Trumanmocked during
9
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9
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his
lifetime,
revered
afterward.
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9
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9
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9
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N
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narcissistic (adjective) showing excessive love for oneself; egoistic. Andres
9
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9
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room,
decorated
with
photos
of
himself
and
the
sports
trophies
he
has
9
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9
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won, suggests a narcissistic personality. narcissism (noun).
9
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nocturnal (adjective) of the night; active at night. Travelers on the
9
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Underground Railroad escaped from slavery to the North by a series of
9
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nocturnal flights. The eyes of nocturnal animals must be sensitive in dim
9
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9
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light.
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nonchalant (adjective) appearing to be unconcerned. Unlike the other
9
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9
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players
on
the
football
team,
who
pumped
their
fists
when
their
names
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9
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were announced, John ran on the field with a nonchalant wave.
9
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nonchalance
(noun).
9
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nondescript (adjective) without distinctive qualities; drab. The bank
9
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9
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robbers clothes were nondescript; none of the witnesses could
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9
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remember their color or style.
9
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notorious (adjective) famous, especially for evil actions or qualities.
9
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9
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Warner Brothers produced a series of movies about notorious gangsters
9
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9
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such as John Dillinger and Al Capone. notoriety (noun).
9
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9
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novice (noun) beginner, tyro. Lifting your head before you finish your
9
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9
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swing is a typical mistake committed by the novice at golf.
9
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9
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nuance
(noun)
a
subtle
difference
or
quality.
At
first
glance,
Monets
9
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9
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paintings of water lilies all look much alike, but the more you study
9
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9
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them, the more you appreciate the nuances of color and shading that
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9
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distinguish them.
9
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nurture (verb) to nourish or help to grow. The money given by the
9
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9
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National
Endowment
for
the
Arts
helps
nurture
local
arts
organizations
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9
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throughout the country. nurture (noun).
9
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9
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176 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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O
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9
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9
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obdurate (adjective) unwilling to change; stubborn, inflexible. Despite the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
many
pleas
he
received,
the
governor
was
obdurate
in
his
refusal
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
grant clemency to the convicted murderer.
9
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9
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objective (adjective) dealing with observable facts rather than opinions or
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
interpretations. When a legal case involves a shocking crime, it may be
9
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hard for a judge to remain objective in his rulings.
9
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9
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oblivious (adjective) unaware, unconscious. Karen practiced her oboe
9
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9
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with complete concentration, oblivious to the noise and activity around
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
her.
oblivion
(noun),
obliviousness
(noun).
9
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9
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obscure (adjective) little known; hard to understand. Mendel was an
9
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9
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obscure
monk
until
decades
after
his
death,
when
his
scientific
work
9
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9
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was finally discovered. Most people find the writings of James Joyce
9
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9
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obscure; hence the popularity of books that explain his books. obscure
9
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9
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(verb), obscurity (noun).
9
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9
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obsessive (adjective) haunted or preoccupied by an idea or feeling. His
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
concern with cleanliness became so obsessive that he washed his hands
9
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9
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twenty times every day. obsess (verb), obsession (noun).
9
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9
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obsolete
(adjective)
no
longer
current;
old-fashioned.
W.
H.
Auden
said
9
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9
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that his ideal landscape would include water wheels, wooden grain
9
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9
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mills,
and
other
forms
of
obsolete
machinery.
obsolescence
(noun).
9
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9
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obstinate (adjective) stubborn, unyielding. Despite years of effort, the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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problem of drug abuse remains obstinate. obstinacy (noun).
9
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9
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obtrusive
(adjective)
overly
prominent.
Philip
should
sing
more
softly;
his
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
bass is so obtrusive that the other singers can barely be heard. obtrude
9
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9
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(verb),
obtrusion
(noun).
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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ominous (adjective) foretelling evil. Ominous black clouds gathered on
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
horizon,
for
a
violent
storm
was
fast
approaching.
omen
(noun).
9
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9
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onerous (adjective) heavy, burdensome. The hero Hercules was ordered to
9
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9
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clean
the
Augean
Stables,
one
of
several
onerous
tasks
known
as
the
9
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9
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labors of Hercules. onus (noun).
9
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9
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opportunistic (adjective) eagerly seizing chances as they arise. When
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Princess
Diana
died
suddenly,
opportunistic
publishers
quickly
released
9
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9
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books about her life and death. opportunism (noun).
9
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9
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9
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9 177
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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opulent (adjective) rich, lavish. The mansion of newspaper tycoon Hearst
9
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9
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is
famous
for
its
opulent
decor.
opulence
(noun).
9
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ornate (adjective) highly decorated, elaborate. Baroque architecture is
9
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9
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often
highly
ornate,
featuring
surfaces
covered
with
carving,
sinuous
9
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9
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curves, and painted scenes.
9
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ostentatious (adjective) overly showy, pretentious. To show off his wealth,
9
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9
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the millionaire threw an ostentatious party featuring a full orchestra, a
9
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famous singer, and tens of thousands of dollars worth of food.
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9
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ostracize (verb) to exclude from a group. In Biblical times, those who suffered
9
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9
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from the disease of leprosy were ostracized and forced to live alone.
9
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9
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ostracism
(noun).
9
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9
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9
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9
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P
9
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9
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9
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pallid (adjective) pale; dull. Working all day in the coal mine had given
9
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9
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him
a
pallid
complexion.
The
new
musical
offers
only
pallid
entertain9
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9
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ment: the music is lifeless, the acting dull, the story absurd.
9
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9
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parched
(adjective)
very
dry;
thirsty.
After
two
months
without
rain,
the
9
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9
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crops were shriveled and parched by the sun. parch (verb).
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9
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pariah (noun) outcast. Accused of robbery, he became a pariah; his
9
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9
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neighbors stopped talking to him, and people hed considered friends no
9
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9
longer called.
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9
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partisan (adjective) reflecting strong allegiance to a particular party or
9
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9
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cause. The vote on the presidents budget was strictly partisan: every
9
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9
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member
of
the
presidents
party
voted
yes,
and
all
others
voted
no.
9
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9
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partisan (noun).
9
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9
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pathology
(noun)
disease
or
the
study
of
disease;
extreme
abnormality.
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9
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Some people believe that high rates of crime are symptoms of an
9
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9
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underlying
social
pathology.
pathological
(adjective).
9
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9
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pellucid (adjective) very clear; transparent; easy to understand. The water
9
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in the mountain stream was cold and pellucid. Thanks to the professors
9
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9
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pellucid
explanation,
I
finally
understand
relativity
theory.
9
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9
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9
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penitent
(adjective)
feeling
sorry
for
past
crimes
or
sins.
Having
grown
9
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9
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penitent,
he
wrote
a
long
letter
of
apology,
asking
forgiveness.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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9
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9
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penurious (adjective) extremely frugal; stingy. Haunted by memories of
9
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9
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poverty,
he
lived
in
penurious
fashion,
driving
a
twelve-year-old
car
and
9
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9
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wearing only the cheapest clothes. penury (noun).
9
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9
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9
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perceptive
(adjective)
quick
to
notice,
observant.
With
his
perceptive
9
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9
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intelligence, Holmes was the first to notice the importance of this clue.
9
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9
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perceptible
(adjective),
perception
(noun).
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9
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9
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perfidious (adjective) disloyal, treacherous. Although he was one of the
9
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9
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most talented generals of the American Revolution, Benedict Arnold is
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9
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remembered today as a perfidious betrayer of his country. perfidy
9
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(noun).
9
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9
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perfunctory
(adjective)
unenthusiastic,
routine,
or
mechanical.
When
the
9
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9
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play opened, the actors sparkled, but by the thousandth night their
9
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9
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performance
had
become
perfunctory.
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9
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9
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permeate (verb) to spread through or penetrate. Little by little, the smell
9
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9
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of
gas
from
the
broken
pipe
permeated
the
house.
9
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9
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9
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persevere (adjective) to continue despite difficulties. Although several of
9
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9
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her teammates dropped out of the marathon, Laura persevered.
9
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9
perseverance (noun).
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9
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9
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perspicacity (noun) keenness of observation or understanding. Journalist
9
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9
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Murray
Kempton
was
famous
for
the
perspicacity
of
his
comments
on
9
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9
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social and political issues. perspicacious (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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peruse
(verb)
to
examine
or
study.
Mary-Jo
perused
the
contract
carefully
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9
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before she signed it. perusal (noun).
9
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9
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pervasive (adjective) spreading throughout. As news of the disaster
9
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9
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reached the town, a pervasive sense of gloom could be felt. pervade
9
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9
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(verb).
9
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9
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phlegmatic
(adjective)
sluggish
and
unemotional
in
temperament.
It
was
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9
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surprising to see Tom, who is normally so phlegmatic, acting excited.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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placate (verb) to soothe or appease. The waiter tried to placate the angry
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
customer with the offer of a free dessert. placatory (adjective).
9
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9
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plastic (adjective) able to be molded or reshaped. Because it is highly
9
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9
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plastic, clay is an easy material for beginning sculptors to use.
9
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9
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plausible (adjective) apparently believable. The idea that a widespread
9
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9
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conspiracy to kill President Kennedy has been kept secret for over thirty
9
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9
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years hardly seems plausible. plausibility (noun).
9
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9
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9
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9 179
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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polarize (adjective) to separate into opposing groups or forces. For years,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
abortion
debate
polarized
the
American
people,
with
many
people
9
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9
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voicing extreme views and few trying to find a middle ground.
9
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9
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polarization
(noun).
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9
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9
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portend (verb) to indicate a future event; to forebode. According to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
folklore,
a
red
sky
at
dawn
portends
a
day
of
stormy
weather.
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9
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9
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potentate (noun) a powerful ruler. Before the Russian Revolution, the
9
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9
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Tsar was one of the last hereditary potentates of Europe.
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9
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pragmatism (noun) a belief in approaching problems through practical
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rather than theoretical means. Roosevelts approach toward the Great
9
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9
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Depression
was
based
on
pragmatism:
Try
something,
he
said;
If
it
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
doesnt work, try something else. pragmatic (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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preamble
(noun)
an
introductory
statement.
The
preamble
to
the
Consti9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tution begins with the famous words, We the people of the United
9
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9
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States
of
America
.
.
.
9
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9
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9
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precocious (adjective) mature at an unusually early age. Picasso was so
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
precocious as an artist that, at nine, he is said to have painted far better
9
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9
pictures than his teacher. precocity (noun).
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
predatory (adjective) living by killing and eating other animals; exploiting
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
others
for
personal
gain.
The
tiger
is
the
largest
predatory
animal
native
9
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9
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to Asia. Microsoft has been accused of predatory business practices that
9
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9
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prevent
other
software
companies
from
competing
with
them.
preda9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tion
(noun),
predator
(noun).
9
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9
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9
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predilection
(noun)
a
liking
or
preference.
To
relax
from
his
presidential
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
duties,
Kennedy
had
a
predilection
for
spy
novels
featuring
James
Bond.
9
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9
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9
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predominant (adjective) greatest in numbers or influence. Although
9
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hundreds of religions are practiced in India, the predominant faith is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Hinduism. predominance (noun), predominate (verb).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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prepossessing
(adjective)
attractive.
Smart,
lovely,
and
talented,
she
has
all
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the prepossessing qualities that mark a potential movie star.
9
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9
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9
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presumptuous
(adjective)
going
beyond
the
limits
of
courtesy
or
appropri9
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9
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ateness. The senator winced when the presumptuous young staffer
9
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9
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addressed
him
as
Chuck.
presume
(verb),
presumption
(noun).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pretentious (adjective) claiming excessive value or importance. For a shoe
9
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salesman to call himself a Personal Foot Apparel Consultant seems
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
awfully pretentious. pretension (noun).
9
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9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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9
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9
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9
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procrastinate (verb) to put off, to delay. If you habitually procrastinate,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
try
this
technique:
never
touch
a
piece
of
paper
without
either
filing
it,
9
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9
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responding to it, or throwing it out. procrastination (noun).
9
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9
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9
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profane
(adjective)
impure,
unholy.
It
seems
inappropriate
to
have
such
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
profane activities as roller blading and disco dancing in a church.
9
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9
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profane
(verb),
profanity
(noun).
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9
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9
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proficient (adjective) skillful, adept. A proficient artist, Louise quickly
9
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9
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and accurately sketched the scene. proficiency (noun).
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9
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proliferate (verb) to increase or multiply. Over the past 15 years, high-tech
9
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companies have proliferated in northern California, Massachusetts, and
9
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other
regions.
proliferation
(noun).
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prolific (adjective) producing many offspring or creations. With more than
9
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9
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three
hundred
books
to
his
credit,
Isaac
Asimov
was
one
of
the
most
9
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prolific writers of all time.
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prominence (noun) the quality of standing out; fame. Kennedys victory in
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the West Virginia primary gave him a position of prominence among the
9
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Democratic candidates for president. prominent (adjective).
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promulgate
(verb)
to
make
public,
to
declare.
Lincoln
signed
the
9
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proclamation that freed the slaves in 1862, but he waited several
9
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9
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months
to
promulgate
it.
9
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9
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propagate (verb) to cause to grow; to foster. John Smithsons will left his
9
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fortune
for
the
founding
of
an
institution
to
propagate
knowledge,
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9
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without saying whether that meant a university, a library, or a museum.
9
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propagation
(noun).
9
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9
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propriety (noun) appropriateness. Some people had doubts about the
9
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9
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propriety of Clintons discussing his underwear on MTV.
9
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prosaic
(adjective)
everyday,
ordinary,
dull.
Pauls
Case
tells
the
story
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9
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of a boy who longs to escape from the prosaic life of a clerk into a world
9
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of
wealth,
glamour,
and
beauty.
9
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9
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protagonist (noun) the main character in a story or play; the main
9
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9
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supporter
of
an
idea.
Leopold
Bloom
is
the
protagonist
of
James
Joyces
9
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9
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great novel, Ulysses.
9
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9
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provocative (adjective) likely to stimulate emotions, ideas, or controversy.
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9
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The demonstrators began chanting obscenities, a provocative act that
9
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they hoped would cause the police to lose control. provoke (verb),
9
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9
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provocation (noun).
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9 181
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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proximity (noun) closeness, nearness. Neighborhood residents were angry
9
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9
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over
the
proximity
of
the
sewage
plant
to
the
local
school.
proximate
9
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9
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(adjective).
9
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9
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prudent
(adjective)
wise,
cautious,
and
practical.
A
prudent
investor
will
9
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9
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avoid putting all of her money into any single investment. prudence
9
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9
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(noun),
prudential
(adjective).
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9
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pugnacious (adjective) combative, bellicose, truculent; ready to fight. Ty
9
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9
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Cobb, the pugnacious outfielder for the Detroit Tigers, got into more
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9
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than his fair share of brawls, both on and off the field. pugnacity (noun).
9
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punctilious (adjective) very concerned about proper forms of behavior
9
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9
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and
manners.
A
punctilious
dresser
like
James
would
rather
skip
the
9
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9
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party altogether than wear the wrong color tie. punctilio (noun).
9
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9
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pundit
(noun)
someone
who
offers
opinions
in
an
authoritative
style.
The
9
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9
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Sunday afternoon talk shows are filled with pundits, each with his or
9
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9
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her
own
theory
about
the
weeks
political
news.
9
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9
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punitive (adjective) inflicting punishment. The jury awarded the plaintiff
9
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9
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one million dollars in punitive damages, hoping to teach the defendant a
9
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9
lesson.
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9
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purify (verb) to make pure, clean, or perfect. The new plant is supposed to
9
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9
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purify
the
drinking
water
provided
to
everyone
in
the
nearby
towns.
9
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9
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purification (noun).
9
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9
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9
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Q
9
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9
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quell
(verb)
to
quiet,
to
suppress.
It
took
a
huge
number
of
police
to
quell
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9
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the rioting.
9
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9
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querulous
(adjective)
complaining,
whining.
The
nursing
home
attendant
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9
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needed a lot of patience to care for the three querulous, unpleasant
9
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9
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residents
on
his
floor.
9
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9
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9
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R
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9
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rancorous
(adjective)
expressing
bitter
hostility.
Many
Americans
are
9
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9
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disgusted by recent political campaigns, which seem more rancorous
9
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9
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than ever before. rancor (noun).
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9
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9
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182 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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rationale (noun) an underlying reason or explanation. At first, it seemed
9
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9
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strange
that
several
camera
companies
would
freely
share
their
newest
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technology; but their rationale was that offering one new style of film
9
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9
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would
benefit
them
all.
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9
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raze (verb) to completely destroy; demolish. The old Coliseum building
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
will
soon
be
razed
to
make
room
for
a
new
hotel.
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9
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9
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reciprocate (verb) to make a return for something. If youll baby-sit for
9
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9
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my kids tonight, Ill reciprocate by taking care of yours tomorrow.
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9
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reciprocity (noun).
9
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9
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reclusive (adjective) withdrawn from society. During the last years of her
9
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9
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life,
actress
Greta
Garbo
led
a
reclusive
existence,
rarely
appearing
in
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
public. recluse (noun).
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
reconcile
(verb)
to
make
consistent
or
harmonious.
Roosevelts
greatness
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
as a leader can be seen in his ability to reconcile the demands and values
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of
the
varied
groups
that
supported
him.
reconciliation
(noun).
9
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9
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9
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recriminate (verb) to accuse, often in response to an accusation. Divorce
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
proceedings sometimes become bitter, as the two parties recriminate
9
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9
each other over the causes of the breakup. recrimination (noun),
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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recriminatory (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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recuperate
(verb)
to
regain
health
after
an
illness.
Although
she
left
the
9
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9
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hospital two days after her operation, it took her a few weeks to fully
9
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9
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recuperate.
recuperation
(noun),
recuperative
(adjective).
9
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9
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redoubtable (adjective) inspiring respect, awe, or fear. Johnsons knowl9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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edge,
experience,
and
personal
clout
made
him
a
redoubtable
political
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
opponent.
9
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9
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9
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refurbish (verb) to fix up; renovate. It took three days work by a team of
9
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carpenters, painters, and decorators to completely refurbish the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
apartment.
9
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9
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9
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refute
(adjective)
to
prove
false.
The
company
invited
reporters
to
visit
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
their plant in an effort to refute the charges of unsafe working
9
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9
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conditions.
refutation
(noun).
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9
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9
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relevance (noun) connection to the matter at hand; pertinence. Testimony
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in
a
criminal
trial
may
be
admitted
only
if
it
has
clear
relevance
to
the
9
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9
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question of guilt or innocence. relevant (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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9
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9 183
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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remedial (adjective) serving to remedy, cure, or correct some condition.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Affirmative
action
can
be
justified
as
a
remedial
step
to
help
minority
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
members overcome the effects of past discrimination. remediation
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(noun),
remedy
(verb).
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9
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9
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remorse (noun) a painful sense of guilt over wrongdoing. In Poes story
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
Tell-Tale
Heart,
a
murderer
is
driven
insane
by
remorse
over
his
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9
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crime. remorseful (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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remuneration (noun) pay. In a civil lawsuit, the attorney often receives
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9
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part of the financial settlement as his or her remuneration. remunerate
9
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(verb), remunerative (adjective).
9
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9
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renovate
(verb)
to
renew
by
repairing
or
rebuilding.
The
television
9
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9
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program This Old House shows how skilled craftspeople renovate
9
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houses.
renovation
(noun).
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renunciation (noun) the act of rejecting or refusing something. King
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Edward
VIIs
renunciation
of
the
British
throne
was
caused
by
his
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desire
to
marry
an
American
divorcee,
something
he
couldnt
do
as
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9
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king. renounce (verb).
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9
replete (adjective) filled abundantly. Grahams book is replete with
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9
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wonderful stories about the famous people she has known.
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reprehensible
(adjective)
deserving
criticism
or
censure.
Although
Pete
9
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Roses misdeeds were reprehensible, not all fans agree that he deserves
9
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to
be
excluded
from
the
Baseball
Hall
of
Fame.
reprehend
(verb),
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reprehension
(noun).
9
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9
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repudiate
(verb)
to
reject,
to
renounce.
After
it
became
known
that
Duke
9
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9
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had
been
a
leader
of
the
Ku
Klux
Klan,
most
Republican
leaders
9
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9
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repudiated him. repudiation (noun).
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9
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reputable (adjective) having a good reputation; respected. Find a repu9
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9
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table auto mechanic by asking your friends for recommendations based
9
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9
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on their own experiences. reputation (noun), repute (noun).
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9
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resilient (adjective) able to recover from difficulty. A pro athlete must be
9
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resilient,
able
to
lose
a
game
one
day
and
come
back
the
next
with
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confidence and enthusiasm. resilience (adjective).
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9
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resplendent
(adjective)
glowing,
shining.
In
late
December,
midtown
New
9
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9
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York is resplendent with holiday lights and decorations. resplendence
9
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9
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(noun).
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9
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9
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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responsive (adjective) reacting quickly and appropriately. The new
9
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9
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director
of
the
Internal
Revenue
Service
has
promised
to
make
the
9
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9
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agency more responsive to public complaints. respond (verb), response
9
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9
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(noun).
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9
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restitution (noun) return of something to its original owner; repayment.
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9
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Some
Native
American
leaders
are
demanding
that
the
U.S.
government
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9
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make restitution for the lands taken from them by white settlers.
9
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9
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revere (verb) to admire deeply, to honor. Millions of people around the
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9
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world revered Mother Teresa for her saintly generosity. reverence
9
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(noun), reverent (adjective).
9
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9
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rhapsodize
(verb)
to
praise
in
a
wildly
emotional
way.
That
critic
is
such
a
9
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9
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huge fan of Toni Morrison that she will surely rhapsodize over the
9
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9
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writers
next
novel.
rhapsodic
(adjective).
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9
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9
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9
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9
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S
9
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9
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9
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sagacious (adjective) discerning, wise. Only a leader as sagacious as
9
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9
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Nelson
Mandela
could
have
united
South
Africa
so
successfully
and
9
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9
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peacefully. sagacity (noun).
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9
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salvage
(verb)
to
save
from
wreck
or
ruin.
After
the
earthquake
destroyed
9
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9
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her home, she was able to salvage only a few of her belongings. salvage
9
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9
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(noun), salvageable (adjective).
9
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9
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sanctimonious (adjective) showing false or excessive piety. The sanctimo9
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9
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nious prayers of the TV preacher were interspersed with requests that
9
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9
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the
viewers
send
him
money.
sanctimony
(noun).
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9
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scapegoat (noun) someone who bears the blame for others acts; someone
9
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9
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hated
for
no
apparent
reason.
Although
Buckners
error
was
only
one
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9
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reason the Red Sox lost, many fans made him the scapegoat, booing him
9
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9
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mercilessly.
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9
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scrupulous (adjective) acting with extreme care; painstaking. Disney
9
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9
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theme parks are famous for their scrupulous attention to small details.
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9
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scruple (noun).
9
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9
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scrutinize (verb) to study closely. The lawyer scrutinized the contract, search9
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9
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ing
for
any
sentence
that
could
pose
a
risk
for
her
client.
scrutiny
(noun).
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9
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secrete (verb) to emit; to hide. Glands in the mouth secrete saliva, a liquid
9
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9
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that
helps
in
digestion.
The
jewel
thieves
secreted
the
necklace
in
a
tin
9
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9
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box buried underground.
9
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9
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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sedentary (adjective) requiring much sitting. When Officer Samson was
9
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9
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given
a
desk
job,
she
had
trouble
getting
used
to
sedentary
work
after
9
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9
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years on the street.
9
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sequential
(adjective)
arranged
in
an
order
or
series.
The
courses
for
the
9
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9
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chemistry major are sequential; you must take them in the order, since
9
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9
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each
course
builds
on
the
previous
ones.
sequence
(noun).
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9
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serendipity (noun) the ability to make lucky accidental discoveries. Great
9
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9
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inventions sometimes come about through deliberate research and hard
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9
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work, sometimes through pure serendipity. serendipitous (adjective).
9
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servile (adjective) like a slave or servant; submissive. The tycoon
9
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9
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demanded
that
his
underlings
behave
in
a
servile
manner,
agreeing
9
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9
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quickly with everything he said. servility (noun).
9
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9
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simulated
(adjective)
imitating
something
else;
artificial.
High-quality
9
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9
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simulated gems must be examined under a magnifying glass to be
9
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9
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distinguished
from
real
ones.
simulate
(verb),
simulation
(noun).
9
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9
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solace (verb) to comfort or console. There was little the rabbi could say to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
solace the husband after his wifes death. solace (noun).
9
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9
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spontaneous
(adjective)
happening
without
plan
or
outside
cause.
When
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9
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the news of Kennedys assassination broke, people everywhere gathered
9
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9
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in
a
spontaneous
effort
to
share
their
shock
and
grief.
spontaneity
9
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9
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(noun).
9
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9
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spurious
(adjective)
false,
fake.
The
so-called
Piltdown
Man,
supposed
to
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9
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be the fossil of a primitive human, turned out to be spurious, although
9
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9
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who
created
the
hoax
is
still
uncertain.
9
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9
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squander (verb) to use up carelessly, to waste. Those who had made
9
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9
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donations to the charity were outraged to learn that its director had
9
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squandered millions on fancy dinners and first-class travel.
9
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9
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stagnate (verb) to become stale through lack of movement or change.
9
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9
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Having
had
no
contact
with
the
outside
world
for
generations,
Japans
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9
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culture gradually stagnated. stagnant (adjective), stagnation (noun).
9
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9
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staid
(adjective)
sedate,
serious,
and
grave.
This
college
is
no
party
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
school; the students all work hard, and the campus has a reputation
9
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9
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for
being
staid.
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9
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stimulus (noun) something that excites a response or provokes an action.
9
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The arrival of merchants and missionaries from the West provided a
9
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9
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stimulus for change in Japanese society. stimulate (verb).
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Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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stoic (adjective) showing little feeling, even in response to pain or sorrow.
9
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9
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A
soldier
must
respond
to
the
death
of
his
comrades
in
stoic
fashion,
9
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9
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since the fighting will not stop for his grief. stoicism (noun).
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strenuous
(adjective)
requiring
energy
and
strength.
Hiking
in
the
foothills
9
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9
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of the Rockies is fairly easy, but climbing the higher peaks can be
9
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9
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strenuous.
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9
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submissive (adjective) accepting the will of others; humble, compliant. At
9
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9
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the end of Ibsens play A Dolls House, Nora leaves her husband and
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9
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abandons the role of submissive housewife.
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substantiated (adjective) verified or supported by evidence. The charge
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9
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that
Nixon
had
helped
to
cover
up
crimes
was
substantiated
by
his
9
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comments about it on a series of audio tapes. substantiate (verb),
9
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substantiation
(noun).
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sully (verb) to soil, stain, or defile. Nixons misdeeds as president did
9
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much
to
sully
the
reputation
of
the
American
government.
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superficial (adjective) on the surface only; without depth or substance.
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Her wound was superficial and required only a light bandage. His
9
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superficial attractiveness hides the fact that his personality is lifeless and
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his mind is dull. superficiality (noun).
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superfluous
(adjective)
more
than
is
needed,
excessive.
Once
youve
won
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the debate, dont keep talking; superfluous arguments will only bore
9
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and
annoy
the
audience.
9
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9
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suppress (verb) to put down or restrain. As soon as the unrest began,
9
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9
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thousands
of
helmeted
police
were
sent
into
the
streets
to
suppress
the
9
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9
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riots.
suppression
(noun).
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surfeit (noun) an excess. Most American families have a surfeit of food
9
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and drink on Thanksgiving Day. surfeit (verb).
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9
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surreptitious (adjective) done in secret. Because Iraq has avoided weapons
9
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9
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inspections,
many
believe
it
has
a
surreptitious
weapons
development
9
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9
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program.
9
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surrogate
(noun)
a
substitute.
When
the
congressman
died
in
office,
his
9
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wife was named to serve the rest of his term as a surrogate. surrogate
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9
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(adjective).
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9
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sustain (verb) to keep up, to continue; to support. Because of fatigue, he
9
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was unable to sustain the effort needed to finish the marathon.
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9
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9 187
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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T
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tactile (adjective) relating to the sense of touch. The thick brush strokes
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9
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and
gobs
of
color
give
the
paintings
of
Van
Gogh
a
strongly
tactile
9
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9
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quality. tactility (noun).
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talisman (noun) an object supposed to have magical effects or qualities.
9
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9
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Superstitious people sometimes carry a rabbits foot, a lucky coin, or
9
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some other talisman.
9
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9
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tangential (adjective) touching lightly; only slightly connected or related.
9
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Having enrolled in a class on African-American history, the students
9
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found
the
teachers
stories
about
his
travels
in
South
America
only
of
9
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9
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tangential interest. tangent (noun).
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9
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tedium
(noun)
boredom.
For
most
people,
watching
the
Weather
Channel
9
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9
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for 24 hours would be sheer tedium. tedious (adjective).
9
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9
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temerity (noun) boldness, rashness, excessive daring. Only someone who
9
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didnt understand the danger would have the temerity to try to climb
9
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Everest without a guide. temerarious (adjective).
9
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temperance
(noun)
moderation
or
restraint
in
feelings
and
behavior.
Most
9
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professional athletes practice temperance in their personal habits; too
9
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9
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much
eating
or
drinking,
they
know,
can
harm
their
performance.
9
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temperate (adjective).
9
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tenacious
(adjective)
clinging,
sticky,
or
persistent.
Tenacious
in
pursuit
of
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9
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her goal, she applied for the grant unsuccessfully four times before it
9
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was finally approved. tenacity (noun).
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tentative
(adjective)
subject
to
change;
uncertain.
A
firm
schedule
has
not
9
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9
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been established, but the Super Bowl in 2005 has been given the
9
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9
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tentative
date
of
February
6.
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terminate (verb) to end, to close. The Olympic Games terminate with a
9
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9
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grand
ceremony
attended
by
athletes
from
every
participating
country.
9
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terminal (noun), termination (noun).
9
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9
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terrestrial
(adjective)
of
the
Earth.
The
movie
Close
Encounters
of
the
9
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9
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Third Kind tells the story of the first contact between beings from outer
9
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9
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space and terrestrial humans.
9
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therapeutic
(adjective)
curing
or
helping
to
cure.
Hot-water
spas
were
9
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9
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popular in the nineteenth century among the sickly, who believed that
9
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soaking
in
the
water
had
therapeutic
effects.
therapy
(noun).
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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timorous (adjective) fearful, timid. The cowardly lion approached the
9
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9
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throne
of
the
wizard
with
a
timorous
look
on
his
face.
9
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toady (noun) someone who flatters a superior in hopes of gaining favor; a
9
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9
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sycophant.
I
cant
stand
a
toady!
declared
the
movie
mogul.
Give
9
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9
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me someone wholl tell me the trutheven if it costs him his job! toady
9
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9
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(verb).
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9
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9
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tolerant (adjective) accepting, enduring. San Franciscans have a tolerant
9
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9
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attitude about lifestyles: Live and let live seems to be their motto.
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9
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tolerate (verb), toleration (noun).
9
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9
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toxin (noun) poison. DDT is a powerful toxin once used to kill insects but
9
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9
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now
banned
in
the
U.S.
because
of
the
risk
it
poses
to
human
life.
toxic
9
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9
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(adjective).
9
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9
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9
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tranquillity
(noun)
freedom
from
disturbance
or
turmoil;
calm.
She
9
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9
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moved from New York City to rural Vermont seeking the tranquillity of
9
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9
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country
life.
tranquil
(adjective).
9
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9
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9
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transgress (verb) to go past limits; to violate. If Iraq has developed
9
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9
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biological weapons, then it has transgressed the United Nations rules
9
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9
against weapons of mass destruction. transgression (noun).
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9
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9
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transient (adjective) passing quickly. Long-term visitors to this hotel pay
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
at
a
different
rate
than
transient
guests
who
stay
for
just
a
day
or
two.
9
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9
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transience (noun).
9
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9
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transitory
(adjective)
quickly
passing.
Public
moods
tend
to
be
transitory;
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9
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people may be anxious and angry one month, but relatively content and
9
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9
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optimistic
the
next.
transition
(noun).
9
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9
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translucent (adjective) letting some light pass through. Blocks of translu9
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9
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cent glass let daylight into the room while maintaining privacy.
9
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9
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transmute
(verb)
to
change
in
form
or
substance.
In
the
Middle
Ages,
the
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9
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alchemists tried to discover ways to transmute metals such as iron into
9
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9
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gold.
transmutation
(noun).
9
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9
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treacherous (adjective) untrustworthy or disloyal; dangerous or unreli9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
able.
Nazi
Germany
proved
to
be
a
treacherous
ally,
first
signing
a
peace
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pact with the Soviet Union, then invading. Be careful crossing the rope
9
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9
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bridge;
parts
are
badly
frayed
and
treacherous.
treachery
(noun).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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tremulous (adjective) trembling or shaking; timid or fearful. Never having
9
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spoken in public before, he began his speech in a tremulous, hesitant
9
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9
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voice.
9
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9
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9 189
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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trite (adjective) boring because of over-familiarity; hackneyed. Her letters
9
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9
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were
filled
with
trite
expressions,
like
Alls
well
that
ends
well
and
9
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9
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So far so good.
9
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9
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truculent
(adjective)
aggressive,
hostile,
belligerent.
Hitlers
truculent
9
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9
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behavior in demanding more territory for Germany made it clear that
9
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9
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war
was
inevitable.
truculence
(noun).
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9
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truncate (verb) to cut off. The manuscript of the play appeared truncated;
9
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9
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the last page ended in the middle of a scene, halfway through the first
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9
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act.
9
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9
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turbulent (adjective) agitated or disturbed. The night before the champi9
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9
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onship
match,
Martina
was
unable
to
sleep,
her
mind
turbulent
with
9
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9
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fears and hopes. turbulence (noun).
9
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9
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9
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U
9
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unheralded
(adjective)
little
known,
unexpected.
In
a
year
of
big-budget,
9
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9
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much-hyped mega-movies, this unheralded foreign film has surprised
9
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9
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everyone
with
its
popularity.
9
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9
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unpalatable (adjective) distasteful, unpleasant. Although I agree with the
9
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9
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candidate
on
many
issues,
I
cant
vote
for
her,
because
I
find
her
9
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9
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position on capital punishment unpalatable.
9
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9
unparalleled (adjective) with no equal; unique. Tiger Woodss victory in
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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the Masters golf tournament by a full twelve strokes was an
9
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9
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unparalleled accomplishment.
9
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9
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unstinting
(adjective)
giving
freely
and
generously.
Eleanor
Roosevelt
was
9
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9
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much admired for her unstinting efforts on behalf of the poor.
9
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9
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untenable
(adjective)
impossible
to
defend.
The
theory
that
this
painting
is
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9
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a genuine Van Gogh became untenable when the artist who actually
9
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9
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painted
it
came
forth.
9
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9
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untimely (adjective) out of the natural or proper time. The untimely death
9
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of a youthful Princess Diana seemed far more tragic than Mother
9
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9
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Teresas
death
of
old
age.
9
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9
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unyielding
(adjective)
firm,
resolute,
obdurate.
Despite
criticism,
Cuomo
9
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9
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was
unyielding
in
his
opposition
to
capital
punishment;
he
vetoed
9
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9
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several death penalty bills as governor.
9
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9
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9
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190 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 5: The Ultimate Word List

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9
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usurper (noun) someone who takes a place or possession without the right
9
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9
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to
do
so.
Kennedys
most
devoted
followers
tended
to
regard
later
9
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9
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presidents as usurpers, holding the office they felt he or his brothers
9
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9
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should
have
held.
usurp
(verb),
usurpation
(noun).
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9
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utilitarian (adjective) purely of practical benefit. The design of the Model
9
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9
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T
car
was
simple
and
utilitarian,
lacking
the
luxuries
found
in
later
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9
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models.
9
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9
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utopia (noun) an imaginary, perfect society. Those who founded the Oneida
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9
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community dreamed that it could be a kind of utopiaa prosperous
9
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state with complete freedom and harmony. utopian (adjective).
9
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9
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9
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V
9
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9
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9
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validate (verb) to officially approve or confirm. The election of the
9
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9
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president is validated when the members of the Electoral College meet
9
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9
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to confirm the choice of the voters. valid (adjective), validity (noun).
9
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9
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variegated (adjective) spotted with different colors. The brilliant, varie9
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9
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gated
appearance
of
butterflies
makes
them
popular
among
collectors.
9
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9
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variegation (noun).
9
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9
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venerate
(verb)
to
admire
or
honor.
In
Communist
China,
Chairman
Mao
9
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9
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Zedong was venerated as an almost god-like figure. venerable (adjec9
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9
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tive), veneration (noun).
9
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9
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verdant (adjective) green with plant life. Southern England is famous for
9
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9
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its verdant countryside filled with gardens and small farms. verdancy
9
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9
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(noun).
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9
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9
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vestige (noun) a trace or remainder. Todays tiny Sherwood Forest is the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
last
vestige
of
a
woodland
that
once
covered
most
of
England.
vestigial
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9
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(adjective).
9
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9
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vex
(verb)
to
irritate,
annoy,
or
trouble.
Unproven
for
generations,
9
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9
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Fermats last theorem was one of the most famous, and most vexing, of
9
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9
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all mathematical puzzles. vexation (noun).
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9
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vicarious (adjective) experienced through someone elses actions by way
9
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9
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of the imagination. Great literature broadens our minds by giving us
9
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9
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vicarious
participation
in
the
lives
of
other
people.
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9
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vindicate (verb) to confirm, justify, or defend. Lincolns Gettysburg
9
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9
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Address
was
intended
to
vindicate
the
objectives
of
the
Union
in
the
9
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9
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Civil War.
9
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9
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9 191
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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virtuoso (noun) someone very skilled, especially in an art. Vladimir
9
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9
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Horowitz
was
one
of
the
great
piano
virtuosos
of
the
twentieth
century.
9
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9
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virtuosity (noun).
9
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9
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vivacious
(adjective)
lively,
sprightly.
The
role
of
Maria
in
The
Sound
of
9
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9
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Music is usually played by a charming, vivacious young actress. vivacity
9
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9
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(noun).
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9
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9
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volatile (adjective) quickly changing; fleeting, transitory; prone to vio9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
lence. Public opinion is notoriously volatile; a politician who is very
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9
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popular one month may be voted out of office the next. volatility
9
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(noun).
9
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9
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9
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W
9
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9
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9
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whimsical (adjective) based on a capricious, carefree, or sudden impulse
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or idea; fanciful, playful. Dave Barrys Book of Bad Songs is filled with
9
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9
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the kind of goofy jokes that are typical of his whimsical sense of humor.
9
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9
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whim (noun).
9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Z
9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
zealous
(adjective)
filled
with
eagerness,
fervor,
or
passion.
A
crowd
of
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
candidates most zealous supporters greeted her at the airport with
9
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9
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banners,
signs,
and
a
marching
band.
zeal
(noun),
zealot
(noun),
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9
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zealotry (noun).
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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192 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter

6
The SAT Writing Section
Where Grammar Rules Rule
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9
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Lucky
youyou
get
to
be
one
the
first
to
take
the
SATs
Writing
Test.
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9
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Congratulations! Although the prospect of having to take yet another
9
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9
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section of the test may not be thrilling, you can approach the latest addition
9
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9
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to the SAT with confidence and style. This chapter will tell you what to
9
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9
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expect on the Writing section and help you prepare for each type of question
9
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9
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youll encounter.
9
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9
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9
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Words, Words, Words: Whats in the
9
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9
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Writing
Section
9
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9
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As mentioned earlier in the book, the Writing section comes in two parts.
9
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9
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One
part
is
the
essay,
which
will
ask
you
to
take
a
position
on
an
issue
of
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9
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general interest and write an essay supporting your viewpoint with
9
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9
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examples.
The
second
part
consists
of
three
different
types
of
multiple9
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9
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choice
questions:
9
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9
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9
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1. Identifying Sentence Errors (ISE)
9
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9
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2.
Improving
Sentences
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9
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3. Improving Paragraphs
9
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9
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The first three types of questionsidentifying sentence errors, improving
9
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9
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sentences,
and
improving
paragraphsare
multiple-choice
questions
that
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9
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test your knowledge of Standard Written English. To answer these
9
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9
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questions, you will have to identify grammatical errors and recognize how
9
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9
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to improve sentences and paragraphs.
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9
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Both the multiple-choice questions and the essay, will assess your command
9
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9
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of English grammar, usage, and word choice. If your immediate reaction to
9
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9
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the
word
grammar
is
to
run
away
and
hide,
dont
panic.
You
can
take
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9
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193

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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9
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9
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comfort in the fact that only certain types of errors appear repeatedly
9
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9
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throughout
every
test
and
that
you
wont
be
expected
to
know
every
rule
of
9
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9
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grammar in the book. Check out the chart below:
9
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9
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The 13 Deadly Rules of Grammar, Usage, and Word Choice
9
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1. Subject-Verb Agreement
9
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2. Verb Tenses
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3. Noun Agreement
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4. Pronoun Agreement, Case, and Reference
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5.
Using
Modifiers
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6. Homonyms/Easily Confused Words
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7. Logical Comparison and Parallel Structure
9
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8. Double Negatives
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9.
Coordination
and
Subordination
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10. Run-on Sentences
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11. Sentence Fragments
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12. Eliminating Wordiness
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13.
Using
Idioms
and
Correct
Diction
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The
good
news
is
that
these
13
rules
are
by
far
the
ones
most
frequently
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9
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tested,
and
the
even
better
news
is
that
you
will
not
be
required
to
define
any
9
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9
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grammatical rules on the test. You will simply be asked to identify when
9
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errors occur and which of the given choices best fixes the errors. If this still
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9
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sounds overwhelming, dont worrythe process will become clearer to you
9
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9
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as we examine each type of question on the test. The truth is, you probably
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already know more than you think about how to answer the Writing section
9
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9
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questions.
9
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9
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9
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As with the Math and Critical Reading sections, the Writing section
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9
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will be scored on a scale of 200800. Your ultimate score for the
9
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9
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Writing
section
(between
200
and
800)
will
be
based
on
two
subscores:
9
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9
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one for the multiple-choice section on a scale of 2080 and one for the
9
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essay
section
based
on
a
scale
of
212.
Well
further
discuss
how
the
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9
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essays
are
scored
in
the
essay
section
at
the
end
of
this
chapter.
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9
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9
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9
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194 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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Later in this chapter, we will take a closer look at each of the question types
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youll
see
in
the
Writing
section
and
offer
strategies
for
the
real
thing
during
9
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9
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test time. For example, certain types of grammatical errors appear more
9
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9
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frequently
in
certain
sections
of
the
test,
like
errors
in
subject-verb
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9
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agreement in the Identifying Sentence Errors section. To give you a good
9
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grounding in the types of errors that commonly appear in each section of
9
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the
test,
we
will
discuss
each
of
the
13
Deadly
Rules
as
we
discuss
strategies
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9
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you can use to tackle specific types of question. A chart highlighting the
9
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9
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rules
of
grammar,
usage,
and
word
choice
explained
in
each
section
appears
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9
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at the beginning of every section.
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However, before scrutinizing (hows that for an SAT word?) each type of
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9
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Writing section question, lets quickly review the 13 Deadly Rules.
9
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Although this chapter focuses on strategies, familiarizing yourself with the
9
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9
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commonly tested rules of grammar, usage, and word choice will vastly
9
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9
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improve
your
scores
in
the
Writing
section
and
will
decrease
your
anxiety
9
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9
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about learning grammar period. Remember, words cant hurt you!
9
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9
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9
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A Quick Overview of the Most Commonly
9
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Tested
Rules
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Heres a quick run-down of the 13 Deadly Rules of grammar, usage, and
9
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9
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word
choice
most
often
found
on
the
Writing
test.
While
13
rules
may
9
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9
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sound
like
a
lot,
chances
are
that
you
already
know
most
of
these
rules
9
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9
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already from you own reading and writing. Most people are much better at
9
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9
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grammar than they think they areyoull probably surprise yourself with
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9
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your grasp of grammar as you read about the following rules.
9
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9
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1. Subject-Verb Agreement
9
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9
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Subjects and verbs need to agree in number. In other words, singular
9
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9
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subjects
take
singular
verbs
and
plural
subjects
take
plural
verbs.
In
9
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9
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general,
your
ear
will
tell
you
when
there
is
disagreement
between
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9
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subject and verb as in the following sentence:
9
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9
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She are being stubborn.
9
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9
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In this sentence, the singular subject she requires the singular verb is rather
9
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9
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than the plural verb form are.
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9
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Sometimes, its a little tricky to identify errors in subject-verb agreement,
9
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9
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like
when
the
subject
and
verb
are
separated
by
a
phrase
or
when
the
subject
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9
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appears to be plural but isnt. These special cases are favorites of the SAT
9
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9
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test-makers
and
will
be
discussed
in
detail
in
the
Identifying
Sentence
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9
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Errors section.
9
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9
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9 195
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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9
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9
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2. Verb Tenses
9
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9
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In
addition
to
agreeing
with
their
subjects,
verbs
need
to
be
in
the
9
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9
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correct tense. Heres a sentence in which the verb is in the wrong tense:
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9
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9
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In
response
to
her
rejection
of
his
work,
he
written
her
a
stinging
letter.
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9
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The writer of the sentence used the part participle form of the verb to
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9
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write, written, instead of using the simple past tense of the verb, wrote.
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This substitution of the past participle for the simple past tense is
9
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9
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another favorite error of the crafty test creators, but it is one in which
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9
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again, you can trust your ear to pick out the error. You knew that
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written sounded wrong in the example sentence above! Sometimes, the
9
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9
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test-makers substitute other tenses for the correct tense, using the
9
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9
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present
perfect
tense
instead
of
the
past
perfect
tense,
for
example.
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9
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Another favorite maneuver is to shift verb tenses within a sentence.
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Well
examine
these
kinds
of
errors
in
the
ISE
section
as
well.
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9
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As you can already see, trusting your ear will often be your best
9
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9
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strategy
for
identifying
errors.
Another
guessing
strategy
you
can
use
9
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9
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throughout the multiple-choice section is to pick the simple past tense
9
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9
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of
a
verb
over
the
past
perfect
tense,
as
in
the
following
sentence:
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9
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9
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Yesterday, Jo-jo had picked up the pinecone with his paws for the
9
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9
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first time.
9
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The past perfect tense isnt necessary in the above sentence, and the
9
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9
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shorter
simple
past
form
picked
up
works
fine.
In
the
Writing
section,
9
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9
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choosing
the
more
concise
choice
will
often
yield
the
right
answer.
9
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9
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9
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3.
Noun
Agreement
9
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Nouns need to agree in number within a sentence. The following
9
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9
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sentence contains an error in noun agreement:
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9
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Jean and Dean want to be a dancer.
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The
subject
of
the
sentence
is
plural:
Jean
and
Dean.
However,
the
noun
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9
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that corresponds to the subject is singular: a dancer. To make the nouns
9
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9
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agree
in
number,
a
dancer
should
be
changed
to
dancers.
In
looking
for
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9
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errors in noun agreement, trust your sense of logic and check to see that
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nouns that should agree in number do agree.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Note

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4. Pronoun Agreement, Case, and Reference
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A
pronoun
is
a
word
such
as
me,
myself,
or
I
that
is
used
in
place
of
a
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9
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noun or nouns. Pronouns pop up in the Writing section in several ways.
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You
will
probably
be
asked
to
identify
pronouns
in
the
wrong
number
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9
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or pronouns that do not agree with the nouns they refer to in number. A
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singular noun takes a singular pronoun; a plural noun takes a plural
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pronoun.
See
if
you
can
identify
the
mistake
in
the
following
sentence:
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Susan enjoyed eating fish and lifted their fork with glee.
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The pronoun their should be changed to the singular her to agree with
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the antecedent (noun the pronoun refers to) Susan.
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Pronouns
also
need
to
be
in
the
correct
case,
which
shows
how
the
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9
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pronoun is used. The test-makers like to throw in errors in pronoun case
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9
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in
compound
noun
phrases,
as
in
the
following
sentence:
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Her and Al brought fifteen different kinds of apples to the gathering.
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In the compound subject her and Al, the pronoun is incorrect because it
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should be acting as the subject and thus should be in the subjective
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case, she.
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You
will
also
have
to
be
on
the
lookout
for
pronoun
shifts,
in
which
the
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pronouns switch in number or person within a sentence, as in:
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If
one
is
having
trouble
concentrating,
they
should
try
focusing.
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You
may
have
noticed
that
consistency
is
very
important
in
English
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grammar
and
that
the
switch
from
the
singular
pronoun
one
to
the
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plural pronoun they is ungrammatical.
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You should also be prepared to encounter vague or ambiguous
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pronouns that do not clearly refer to antecedents, as in:
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The sales clerk gave the customer a break after his hairpiece fell off.
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Whose hairpiece was itthe sales clerks or the customers? This
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sentence
needs
to
be
rewritten
to
indicate
clearly
which
person
owns
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the hairpiece.
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As you can see, pronouns are a goldmine for the test creators. If you
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are having difficulty understanding any of the four major pronoun
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problems, ask your teacher to help you understand pronoun rules or
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practice pronoun problems using a grammar book such as Get Wise!
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Mastering Grammar Skills, published by Thomson Petersons.
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9 197
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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5. Using Modifiers
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Modifiers
describe
other
words.
You
may
be
asked
to
recognize
errors
9
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in the use of the one-word modifiers known as adjectives and adverbs.
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Adjectives
modify
nouns,
while
adverbs
modify
verbs,
adjectives,
and
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other adverbs. Look at the next sentence:
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The actor read his lines slow.
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The word slow is an adjective, but since read, the word being modified,
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is a verb, the modifier should be changed to the adverb slowly. In most
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errors
of
this
nature,
your
ear
will
tell
you
that
the
adjective
requires
the
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addition of the -ly ending to become an adverb.
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Sometimes,
youll
be
asked
to
identify
errors
in
the
comparison
of
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modifiers:
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Of all the different flavors, Evan likes raspberry better.
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The word better is a comparative adverb showing comparison between
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only
two
things,
but
the
sentence
requires
the
superlative
adverb
best,
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since
more
than
two
things
are
being
compared.
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The
sneakiest
way
in
which
modifiers
appear
on
the
test
is
when
they
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are
misplaced
or
dangling.
The
next
sentence
shows
how
misplaced
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modifiers may appear on your test:
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Gesturing
wildly,
the
pencil
flew
out
of
Robertos
hand.
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The modifying phrase Gesturing wildly should be followed by the
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subject
it
modifies
but
is
instead
followed
by
the
pencil.
This
is
wrong
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9
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because the pencil is not gesturing wildly, and if it is, somethings going
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on
thats
much
worse
than
a
simple
grammatical
error!
The
sentence
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should
be
revised
to
make
more
sense
grammatically
and
logically:
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Gesturing wildly, Robert let the pencil fly out of his hand.
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You
may
also
encounter
dangling
modifiers
that
dont
clearly
modify
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any word or group of words in the sentence, as in:
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While slurping loudly, the clock struck midnight.
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Who was slurping loudly? In this sentence, the missing information
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needs
to
be
supplied:
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While slurping loudly, we heard the clock strike midnight.
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Misplaced and dangling modifiers will most likely appear in the
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Improving Sentences section of the test. Be on the lookout for
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modifying phrases, which often contain adjectives or adverbs.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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6. Homonyms/Easily Confused Words
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Be
prepared
to
find
a
couple
ISE
questions
that
contain
errors
such
as
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the following:
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Orion
was
under
the
allusion
that
Jennifer
was
obsessed
with
him.
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An allusion is a reference to something. The sentence requires the word
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illusion, which is a false idea or conception. Be on the lookout for
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similar pairs of easily confused words such as set/sit, emigrate/
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immigrate, accept/except, to name a few.
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7. Logical Comparison and Parallel Structure
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Sometimes,
the
test-makers
present
you
with
a
sentence
in
which
two
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things that cannot be logically compared are compared:
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Bethany
grew
more
tomatoes
than
her
neighbors
garden.
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The comparison is illogical, because Bethany (a person) is being
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compared to her neighbors garden (a thing). To make the comparison
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logical, her neighbors garden should be changed to her neighbor did.
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Comparisons can also be grammatically faulty. Parallel structure is the
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use
of
the
same
forms
or
structures
to
express
equal
ideas
in
a
sentence.
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The test-makers may present you with an error such as the following:
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Anuj
likes
running,
swimming,
and
to
bicycle.
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or
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Carmela spends her free time at home, at the gym, and the movie
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theater.
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In both of the above sentences, the third item in the sentence is not in the
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same
form
as
the
previous
items.
Remember:
Consistency
is
a
key
9
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element of English grammar. The correct sentences should read, Anuj
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likes
running,
swimming,
and
bicycling
and
Carmela
spends
her
free
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time at home, at the gym, and in the movie theater.
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8. Double Negatives
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Dont fret no more about silly grammar problems! Did you hear the
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double negative in the preceding sentence? Using two negatives such as
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no, isnt, hardly, without, no one, hardly, barely, or scarcely in one
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sentence will cancel the meaning of each negative. Be prepared to
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encounter errors involving double negatives in the ISE section.
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9
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9 199
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9. Coordination and Subordination
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Sentences
containing
two
or
more
clauses
need
to
be
connected
logically
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and grammatically. Coordinating conjunctions such as and, if, but, or,
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and
yet
connect
independent
clauses
that
each
have
a
subject
and
verb.
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9
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Errors in coordination occur when the coordinating conjunction that is
9
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used does not connect the ideas in a logical manner, as in:
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Harriet was renowned as a star basketball player, and she was best
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known as an amazing rock climber.
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In this sentence, the conjunction and should be replaced with the
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conjunction yet which implies contrast.
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Subordinate
clauses
begin
with
subordinating
conjunctions
such
as
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since, because, although, whenever, after, unless, and until. Errors in
9
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subordination
occur
in
the
Writing
section
when
the
test-makers
present
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you with a bunch of words that contain two subordinate or dependent
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clauses, as in:
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Although
Josh
packed
his
toothbrush
the
night
before,
since
he
left
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his suitcase at home.
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9
Every sentence requires at least one independent clause containing a
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subject and a verb. In the above sentence, there is no clear subject, since
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both clauses are subordinate. To make the second clause independent
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and
correct
the
error,
you
should
eliminate
the
subordinating
conjunc9
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tion since.
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10. Run-On Sentences
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A
run-on
sentence
consists
of
two
or
more
complete
sentences
(or
9
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independent
clauses)
run
together
as
one.
Sometimes
two
or
more
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independent clauses are joined erroneously by a comma, as in:
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Famke has an extensive CD collection, she also possesses a lot of old
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vinyl records.
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Both
clauses
in
the
above
sentence
could
stand
alone
as
a
sentence.
One
9
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way to correct the run-on sentence is to replace the comma with a
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semicolon.
Another
way
is
to
join
the
clauses
with
an
appropriate
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coordinating or subordinating conjunction:
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Famke
has
an
extensive
CD
collection,
and
she
also
possesses
a
lot
9
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9
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of old vinyl records.
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Well explore the different ways to correct run-on sentences in the
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Improving Sentences section.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Note

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11. Sentence Fragments
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Another
favorite
error
in
sentence
structure
is
the
sentence
fragment,
in
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which there are no independent clauses. This problem can occur when
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all
the
clauses
in
a
sentence
are
dependent:
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As we strolled obliviously through the forest.
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Whats happening in this sentence? You dont know, because there is no
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clear verb and the clause begins with a subordinating conjunction. To
9
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correct the sentence, information either needs to be added or deleted.
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Check out the following solutions:
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As we strolled obliviously through the forest, a storm flattened
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our
castle.
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We strolled obliviously through the forest.
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9
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When you see a sentence fragment, a little voice should tell you to either
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add something or take something away.
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12.
Eliminating
Wordiness
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Look at the wordy sentence below:
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Wei
is
of
the
opinion
that
the
surrounding
community
in
which
she
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resides is under threat from various forces.
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The
ideas
in
this
sentence
can
be
conveyed
much
more
succinctly:
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Wei believes that her community is under threat.
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Avoiding
wordiness
or
the
use
of
unnecessary
language
is
a
good
rule
to
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follow when composing your essay and when choosing among various
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multiple-choice
choices.
Often
the
shortest,
most
elegant
answer
is
the
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9
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correction to choose when you are asked to revise and combine
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sentences
in
the
Improving
Paragraphs
section.
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Just by reading, youll improve your grasp of grammar, usage, and
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diction,
whether
youre
aware
of
the
improvement
or
not.
The
more
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you read, the greater the chance of encountering unknown words and
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the
more
finely
attuned
your
ear
will
be
to
nuances
and
peculiarities
of
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the English language. Reading works that employ Standard Written
9
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9
English, whether they are novels or newspaper articles, will put you in
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position to recognize and correct errors with aplomb.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 201
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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13. Using Idioms and Correct Diction
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Idioms
refer
to
the
peculiar
expressions
in
a
language.
These
expressions
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do not necessarily follow grammatical rules. Idiomatic expressions are
9
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9
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correct,
because
people
think
they
are,
and
theyre
defined
by
custom
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and usage. For example, the phrase, How do you do? is an idiomatic
9
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expression, which may sound peculiar if you start to think about it too
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much,
but
it
is
accepted
in
Standard
Written
English.
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The test-makers create questions that test your idiomatic knowledge of
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prepositions that follow certain verbs. Notice the incorrect use of the
9
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preposition with in the next sentence:
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Bertrand voted with the candidate who won the race.
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The correct idiomatic phrase is voted for.
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The
test-makers
may
also
test
your
grasp
of
idioms
by
switching
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gerunds and infinitives in a sentence. A gerund is a verb form ending in
9
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-ing
that
acts
as
a
noun,
as
in
running
or
dodging.
An
infinitive
is
a
verb
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form,
usually
preceded
by
to,
that
can
be
used
as
a
noun,
an
adjective,
or
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an adverb, as to go or to be. Notice the confusion of the gerund for the
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infinitive in the next sentence:
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Ava realized that Sams effort at learning Italian was wearing him
9
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out.
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Idiomatically, the phrase should be: effort to learn. With idioms, youll
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have
to
trust
your
ear
to
tell
you
what
sounds
right.
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9
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Diction is another area in which youll have to prick up your ears to
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hone
in
on
errors.
Diction
is
word
choice,
and
the
test-makers
may
ask
9
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9
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you
to
identify
the
incorrect
usage
of
words
as
in:
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Declan took a circulatory path around the lake.
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The
word
circulatory
means
relating
to
the
circulation
of
blood,
and
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9
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it should be replaced by the more apt circuitous, which means
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indirect.
(You
could
also
replace
it
with
the
word
circular,
although
9
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9
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this is not as accurate as circuitous.) In your essay and in the
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9
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multiple-choice
questions,
take
care
to
use
correct
word
choice.
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Rules
Are
Just
Rules:
A
Few
Last
Words
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Bear in mind that you will not be asked to name any of the 13 Deadly Rules
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at any point in the Writing section. The test will never ask you to identify a
9
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subordinating conjunction or a dangling modifier as such. The preceding
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9
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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discussion of the 13 Deadly Rules should simply help you know what kinds
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of
grammatical
errors
to
look
for
in
the
test.
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In the next sections, we will look at the structure of the questions and
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exactly
how
these
grammatical
issues
come
up
in
the
test,
but
before
we
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move on, heres a final list of suggestions to help you prepare for the Writing
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section.
As
with
the
other
sections,
preparing
early
is
always
a
good
idea,
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but even if the test is only weeks (perhaps days!) away, you can use the
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following activities to boost your grammatical fluency.
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Strengthening Your Grasp of Grammar and Sentence
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Structure
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1. Ask your English teacher to help you clarify points of grammar, usage,
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or word choice about which you are unsure.
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Are there particular areas of grammar that confound you? After
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reviewing
the
13
Deadly
Rules,
you
may
want
to
pinpoint
the
ones
that
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give you the most trouble and ask your teacher to clarify those rules
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with
you.
Your
teacher
can
probably
direct
you
to
a
number
of
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resources that will give you more practice with these types of
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questions.
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2. Ask your English teacher or another informed adult to show you
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examples
of
grammar
and
sentence
structure
in
your
essays
that
could
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be
improved.
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Pull out an old essay or two and ask your teacher to circle and explain
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errors you may have made. Try revising the essay by correcting those
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errors and then have someone review the essay again.
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3. Practice revising your essays on your own.
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Keeping
in
mind
the
rules
of
grammar,
usage,
and
word
choice,
reread
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an essay youve written. Identify and correct any errors youve made.
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Revising
your
essays
will
give
you
great
practice
with
grammar
and
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sentence structure, and the more you do it, the more finely tuned your
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ear
will
be
to
hearing
mistakes.
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Identifying
Sentence
Errors
(ISE):
Whats
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Wrong with This Sentence?
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The first section of the Writing test consists of Identifying Sentence Errors
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(ISE) questions. In these multiple-choice questions, youll be asked to
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identify underlined errors in sentences. Heres an example of a typical
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ISE question:
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9
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9 203
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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Example
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It is likely that the festivities, previously scheduled for March 1,
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A
B
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would
be
postponed
due
to
the
expectation
of
poor
weather.
No
error
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C
D
E
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The directions for ISE problems will look something like this:
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Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that
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best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
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Notes:
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of
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English grammar, as well as word usage, word choice, and
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idioms.
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2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error.
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No sentence contains more than one error.
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3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of
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the sentence. Choose the letter underneath the error to indicate
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the part of the sentence that must be changed.
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4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E).
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5.
There
will
be
no
change
in
any
parts
of
the
sentence
that
are
not
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underlined.
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As in the example above, each of the ISE questions will feature a sentence
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with four words or phrases underlined, with each of the underlined parts
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labeled
(A)
through
(D).
One
of
the
underlined
parts
may
contain
an
error.
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If there is an error in an underlined part, you should mark the
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corresponding
oval
(A),
(B),
(C),
or
(D).
If
there
is
no
error,
you
should
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mark
oval
(E)
for
No
error.
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9
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Note that the ISE questions ask only that you find the mistakes in each
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sentence.
You
do
not
have
to
explain
what
kind
of
error
was
made,
as
the
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questions never ask you to define grammatical terms. Remember too that
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the
Writing
section
only
tests
your
knowledge
of
grammar,
usage,
and
word
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choice. The test does not test spelling or capitalization, and punctuation is
9
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only tested as a secondary matter as it relates to sentence structure. Before
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looking at the main types of errors that occur in the ISE section, lets look at
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9
how to approach these questions.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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Pacing for ISE and Beyond
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Use the following three facts to give yourself the best chance of succeeding
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on the multiple-choice Writing section.
9
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1.
A
good
guess
is
that
the
total
number
of
questions
will
be
close
to
9
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or equal to the total number of minutes allotted for the section. So
9
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one
minute
per
question
is
a
very
good
rule
of
thumb.
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2. Different amounts of reading is required for each of the question
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types.
ISE
questions
will
go
the
fastest,
while
improving
para123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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graphs questions will take the most time since they have some
9
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reading associated with them. Never rush through the ISE
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questions, because as always, careless errors must be avoided.
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However, you will probably get through these questions faster
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than the others, which is good, since you can use the extra time
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9
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when answering the improving sentences and improving para9
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graphs problems.
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3.
A
two-pass
system
is
still
a
good
idea,
and
you
can
use
it
two
9
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different ways. One way is to make two passes within each
9
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question
type.
In
other
words,
you
make
one
pass
through
all
the
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ISE
problems,
skipping
any
you
cant
answer
immediately.
Then
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you do a second pass through the ISE section (guessing when you
9
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have
to)
before
heading
on
to
the
next
batch
of
problems.
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The advantage to finishing the test section by section is that you
9
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use the same set of techniques to answer all of the questions in a
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particular section before moving on-you dont have to switch back
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9
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and forth between strategies and question types. The drawback is
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that you may spend time working a tough ISE question when you
9
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could have been answering an easy Improving Paragraphs prob9
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lem. You can avoid this problem if you do a first and second pass
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through
the
entire
section.
This
means
you
have
to
switch
back
and
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9
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forth between strategies and question types, but you do eliminate
9
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the
possibility
of
spending
too
much
time
on
a
hard
ISE
question
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when you could be answering easier improving sentences or
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improving
paragraphs
questions.
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There are pros and cons with each choice. You should decide what works
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best
for
you,
and
then
follow
that
plan.
Thinking
about
pacing
and
making
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a choice based on your own inclinations is another way you become a better
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test-taker.
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9
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9
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9 205
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Alert!

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Whats My Error? How to Tackle the ISE Questions
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The ISE questions require you to pinpoint which, if any, underlined parts of
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sentences need to be changed in order to make the sentences correct. The
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parts of the sentences that are not underlined are correct and cant be
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changed.
As
with
all
the
multiple-choice
questions
in
the
Writing
section,
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you should trust your ear to tell you where the mistakes lie. You can follow
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the
steps
below
to
tackle
the
ISE
questions:
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How
to
Tackle
the
ISE
Questions
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1. Read the sentence, trusting your ear to identify the error.
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2. Read each of the underlined parts again, looking for possible errors.
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3. Use POE to find the error, eliminating choices that are error-free.
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4.
Choose
choice
(E),
No
Error,
if
there
are
no
mistakes.
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Try following these steps to identify the error in the following sentence:
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The scientists, who convened in front of the statue, was excited about
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A
B
C
D
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the
discovery.
No
error
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E
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First, read the sentencedoes the error jump out at you? If so, you can
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mark
the
appropriate
circle
and
move
on.
If
not,
reread
each
of
the
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underlined parts again, listening for the possible error. The word who seems
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OK,
so
choice
(A)
does
not
contain
the
error.
What
about
choice
(B)?
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Convened
also
seems
to
be
error-free.
Choice
(C),
however,
sounds
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funnywas is a singular verb, but its subject scientists is plural. Choice (D),
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excited
about,
seems
to
be
fine.
Choice
(C)
contains
the
mistake,
so
you
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should mark the oval for C as the answer.
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When eliminating choices in the ISE section, you can look for specific types
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of
mistakes
that
occur
frequently
in
the
section.
In
the
preceding
example,
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the error is in subject-verb agreement, a common mistake that youre likely
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to
encounter.
When
examining
the
other
choices
in
the
sentence,
you
could
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also check to make sure the verbs agree with their subjects and that theyre
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in
the
correct
tenses.
(They
are
and
they
are.)
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Dont hesitate to select choice (E), No Error, in answering the ISE
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questions.
Choice
(E)
will
be
the
correct
answer
about
one-fifth
of
the
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timethe test-makers are very equitable in their distribution of possible
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answers.
Dont
be
tricked
into
seeing
errors
where
there
arent
any!
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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The same kinds of mistakes occur repeatedly in the ISE section and luckily,
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there
are
only
a
few
of
them.
Knowing
what
kinds
of
errors
to
look
out
for
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will help you identify the mistakes in the ISE section. The following chart
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shows
the
main
types
of
errors
to
look
for.
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Common Errors in the ISE Section
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Regular Errors
More Advanced Errors
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Subject-Verb Agreement
9
Collective Nouns
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Inverted Order
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Subject and Verb Separated by a Phrase
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Fake Compounds (when the subject
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appears
to
be
plural
but
isnt)
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Verb Tenses
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Confusion
of
Past
and
Past
Participle
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Sequence of Tenses
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Noun
Agreement
in
Number
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Pronouns
Ambiguous and Vague
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Agreement
in
Number
with
Antecedents
Pronoun
Reference
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Case in Compound Noun Phrases
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Pronoun
Shifts
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Using Modifiers
Comparison of
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Adjectives
and
Adverbs
Modifiers
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Logical Comparison
Parallel Structure
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Double
Negatives
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Homonyms/Easily Confused Words
Using Correct Diction
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Idioms
Non-idiomatic
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Confusion of infinitive and gerund
prepositions after
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verbs
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Notice
that
weve
listed
the
errors
as
Regular
and
More
Advanced.
For
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those of you who want to just review the basics, you can stick to the regular
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types of errors to look out for. For those of you aiming to score super-high
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on the Writing section, you can review it all: the More Advanced category
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9
includes some of the trickier grammatical errors the test-makers will throw
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at you. In the rest of this section, we will look closely at how each of the
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common
errors
occurs
in
the
ISE
section.
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9 207
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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Please Be Agreeable: Subject-Verb Agreement
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Subjects and verbs must agree in number. Singular subjects require singular
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verbs, and plural subjects require plural verbs. Chances are that in a regular,
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everyday sentence, youll readily recognize when there is subject-verb
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disagreement,
as
in:
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Sandeep
walk
to
the
store
to
buy
a
newspaper.
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The word walk probably strikes you as incorrect, since the singular subject
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Sandeep requires the singular verb form walks.
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However, the pesky test-makers create sentences in which errors in
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subject-verb agreement may not be so obvious. One way the test-makers do
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this
is
by
inverting
the
order
of
the
subject
and
verb.
Try
to
identify
the
error
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in the following sentence:
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Although many students believe that carrots taste best raw, there is
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A
B
C
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many others who prefer them cooked. No error
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D
E
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The error lies in choice (C), since the plural subject others requires a plural
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verb are rather than the singular is. Notice how the verb follows the subject
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in
the
above
sentence.
Tricky,
isnt
it?
Be
on
the
lookout
for
errors
in
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subject-verb agreement when the subject follows the verb, and remember
9
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that
all
you
have
to
do
is
identify
the
subject
and
whether
it
takes
a
singular
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or plural verb.
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The
test
creators
also
like
to
separate
the
subject
and
the
verb
with
a
phrase
in
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ISE items. Look for the error in subject-verb agreement in the next sentence:
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The soccer player, a favorite of the teams legions of fans, have a strict
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A
B
C
D
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workout routine. No error
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E
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The error is in choice (D), since the singular subject player should take the
9
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singular
verb
has
rather
than
the
plural
have.
The
phrase
that
comes
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between the subject and the verb, a favorite of the teams legions of fans, has
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no affect on the number of the verb.
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When verbs are underlined as possible errors, double check to make
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sure that they agree in number with their subjects. To identify the
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subject of the verb, ask who is doing the action stated in the verb and
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remember that the subject may appear far, far away from the verb.
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Then
figure
out
whether
the
subject
is
singular
or
plural,
and
make
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sure that the verb agrees in number with the subject.
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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You may also see sentences in the ISE section in which the subject appears to
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be
plural
but
isnt,
as
in
the
next
sentence:
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Either Jeb or Trisha are going to the play with me tonight.
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9
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In this sentence there are two separate singular subjects: Jeb and Trisha, and
9
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thus the verb should be in the singular form is. In sentences that use the
9
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constructions either __________ or __________ and neither __________ nor
9
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__________, the nouns and the verbs are singular.
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Fake
Compound
Subjects
9
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When you see the following constructions, be on the lookout for subjects
9
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9
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that
look
plural
but
are
not:
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9
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either __________ or __________
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neither __________ nor__________
9
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__________ along with __________
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__________
as
well
as
__________
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__________ in addition to __________
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Together
with
__________
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That Makes Tense: Getting Verb Tenses Right
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Another favorite category for the makers of the Writing section test is verb
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9
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tenses. Frequently, the test-makers will confuse the simple past and past
9
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participle
forms
of
a
verb,
as
in
the
next
sentence:
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9
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9
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The
snow
fallen
all
night
long.
9
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9
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Fallen is incorrect, because it is the past participle of the verb to fall, and the
9
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sentence
requires
the
simple
past
tense
form
or
fell.
See
if
you
can
pick
out
9
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9
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the error in the next sentence:
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9
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We grabbed our jackets and run outside to make snow people.
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A
B
C
D
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No error
9
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E
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If you picked choice (C), you were right! Run is the part participle of the
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9
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verb
to
run,
but
the
sentence
requires
the
simple
past
tense:
ran.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 209
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being
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expressed
by
the
verb.
Verbs
in
English
have
six
tenses:
present,
past,
future,
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present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. The chart below explains
9
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each
of
the
tenses.
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Tense
Definition
Example
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Present
existing or happening
Mimi has enough
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now
money.
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9
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Present Perfect
existing or happening
Mimi has worked all
9
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sometime before
summer, and now
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now
she feels rich.
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9
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9
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Simple Past
existing or happening
She saved nickels in her
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in
the
past
piggybank.
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9
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9
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Past
Perfect
existing
or
happening
Before
she
counted
her
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before a specific
bills, Mimi had
9
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time
in
the
past
taken
them
out
of
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9
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her
purse.
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Future
existing
or
happening
She
will
decide
how
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in the future
much to spend on a
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new notebook.
9
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9
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Future Perfect
existing or happening
Mimi will have
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before a specific
considered many
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time in the future
choices, and she will
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make an informed
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decision.
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9
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When you see more than one verb in a sentence, be on the lookout for the
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use
of
the
wrong
tense
in
one
of
those
verbs.
Try
to
identify
the
error
in
the
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9
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next sentence:
9
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9
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After she shoveled the sidewalk, Tammie had taken a nap. No error
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A
B
C
D
E
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Does that sentence make sense to you? Of course it doesnt, and if you
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9
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picked choice (D) as the culprit, you were dead-on correct. The verb in the
9
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9
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first clause, shoveled, is in the simple past tense, while the verb in the second
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clause,
had
taken,
is
in
the
past
perfect
tense,
which
implies
that
the
action
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210 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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was completed before another action in the past. However, Tammie has
9
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9
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obviously
taken
her
nap
after
shoveling
the
sidewalk,
so
the
verb
should
be
9
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9
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in the simple past as well: took. When dealing with sentences that involve
9
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9
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more
than
one
verb,
make
sure
that
the
time
relation
between
the
verbs
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9
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seems logical.
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Lets All Agree: Noun Agreement
9
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9
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The following sentence contains an error in noun agreement. Lets see if you
9
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9
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can spot it:
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9
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The rumor spread that Alexandra and Jane want to be an astronaut.
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A
B
C
D
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9
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No error
9
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9
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E
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9
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The error lies with choice (D), because two people (Alexandra and Jane)
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9
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cannot be one astronaut no matter how hard they try. They can, however,
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9
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become
more
than
one
astronaut.
The
sentence
should
read:
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9
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9
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The rumor spread that Alexandra and Jane want to be astronauts.
9
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9
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The original incorrect sentence contains an error in noun agreement,
9
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9
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since the nouns do not agree in number. Remember to identify the
9
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9
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subject of the sentence and check to see if the other nouns it relates to
9
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9
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agree
in
number
with
it.
9
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9
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9
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Pronoun
Problems
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9
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A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or nouns. Be on the alert when
9
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you see a pronoun underlined, since pronouns are tested in a number of ways.
9
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9
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You
will
likely
encounter
a
sentence
in
which
the
pronoun
disagrees
with
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9
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the noun it refers to in number. Thats right, pronouns need to agree in
9
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9
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number
with
the
nouns
they
refer
to.
See
if
you
can
spot
the
error
in
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9
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pronoun number in the sentence below:
9
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9
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9
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Students who read the novel thoroughly will be rewarded for her
9
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9
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A
B
C
D
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efforts. No error
9
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9
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E
9
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Choice (D) contains the error, since the pronoun her is singular while its
9
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antecedent (the noun referred to) Students is plural. The correct plural
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pronoun is their.
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Another
way
in
which
the
test-makers
present
pronoun
errors
is
by
putting
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9
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pronouns in the wrong case. Case is the form of a pronoun that shows how
9
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9
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9 211
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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the word is used, and pronouns may be in the nominative, objective, and
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possessive
cases.
In
the
next
sentence,
I
is
in
the
nominative
case;
me
is
in
the
9
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9
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objective case; and my is in the possessive case:
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9
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I
forgot
to
bring
my
sticker
collection
with
me
to
the
meeting.
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9
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9
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Dont worryits not important for you to name exactly which case a
9
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pronoun is in on the test! You just have to be able to recognize when a
9
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9
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pronoun is in the wrong case. In addition, these errors in pronoun case will
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occur most often in compound noun phrases, in which the pronoun is
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9
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linked with a noun or another pronoun, as in:
9
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Him and Jesses parents traveled for forty days and nights on a tiny ship
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called
Invincible.
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9
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In the compound noun phrase Him and Jesses parents, the pronoun Him is
9
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9
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in
the
wrong
case,
because
the
pronoun
should
be
acting
as
a
subject.
Who
9
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9
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traveled? He did. Him cant travel, because him is in the objective not
9
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9
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subjective
case.
The
trick
with
these
questions
is
to
isolate
the
pronoun
and
9
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9
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make
sure
that
it
is
in
the
right
case.
To
check
the
pronouns
case,
try
9
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9
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reading the phrase without the other part of the compound noun phrase.
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9
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Him traveled for forty days . . . just doesnt work.
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9
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9
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9
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When
you
see
a
pronoun
underlined,
check
to
see
if
it
represents
an
9
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9
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error in one of the following:
9
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NumberDoes it match the number of the noun it refers to?
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9
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9
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CaseIs
it
in
the
right
case?
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9
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ShiftAre the pronouns consistent in the sentence?
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9
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ReferenceDoes
it
refer
clearly
to
something
in
the
sentence?
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9
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9
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A
third
way
in
which
pronoun
errors
occur
is
in
pronoun
shifts.
See
if
you
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9
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can identify the pronoun shift in the next sentence:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Whenever one is bored, you should sing a little ditty.
9
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9
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9
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If
you
identified
the
pronoun
you
as
the
incorrect
pronoun,
you
were
right
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9
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on target. The pronouns in the above sentence refer to the same performer,
9
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9
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so they need to be consistent, and you should be replaced by the pronoun
9
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9
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that was originally used one. The test-makers like to try to confuse you by
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9
creating pronoun shifts with words such as you, one, and they that are often
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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used interchangeably in everyday speech but should be consistent in
9
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9
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Standard Written English.
9
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9
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212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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The Mod Squad: Using Modifiers Correctly
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9
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Adjectives modify or describe nouns or pronouns. Adverbs modify verbs,
9
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adjectives, or other adverbs and frequently end in -ly. When you see an
9
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adjective or adverb underlined in the ISE section, check to see that it is the
9
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9
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correct
modifier.
Try
to
identify
the
error
in
the
next
sentence:
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9
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9
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Edwins
dog
Co-Co,
who
was
named
for
a
fashion
designer,
ran
joyful
9
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9
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A
B
C
9
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through the snow. No error
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9
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D
E
9
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Cut to the chase and look at choice (C), where the error lies. The word
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9
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joyful is an adjective. However, joyful modifies the verb ran and should
9
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9
therefore be the adverb joyfully. Trust your ear to tell you when theres a
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9
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mistake in one-word modifiers.
9
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9
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Advanced Topic: Comparison of Modifiers
9
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9
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The
next
sentence
contains
an
error
in
the
comparison
of
modifiers:
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9
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This is the better meal I have ever eaten.
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Assuming that the speaker has eaten more than two meals in her lifetime,
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you can say that she has used the wrong modifier. Since she is comparing
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9
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more than two things, she needs to use the superlative form of the modifier,
9
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9
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which is best. Superlative adjectives and adverbs usually end in est and
9
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express comparison among more than two items. The comparative form,
9
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usually ending in er shows comparison between two things only.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Modifiers that have more than two syllables form their comparative and
9
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9
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superlative
degrees
with
more
and
most:
more
energetic
and
most
energetic.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Be alert to errors in comparison of modifiers, whenever they are underlined.
9
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9
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Check to see how many items are being compared, and then make sure that
9
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9
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the modifier is correct.
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9
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Logical Comparison: Can I Compare Thee? Maybe, Maybe Not
9
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9
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Not
all
things
can
be
compared
with
each
other
logically
in
a
sentence,
and
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9
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the sneaky test-makers may well try to slip an illogical comparison into your
9
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9
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test.
Read
the
next
sentence:
9
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9
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9
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Vain and determined, Franklin aspired to be more admired than his
9
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9
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co-hosts reputation.
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9
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9
When checking for logical comparison, first see whats being compared. In
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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this erroneous sentence, Franklin is being compared to his co-hosts
9
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9
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reputation.
This
comparison
doesnt
make
sense,
because
you
just
cant
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9
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9 213
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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compare a person to a reputation. You can, however, compare a person to a
9
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9
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person.
The
sentence
should
read:
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9
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9
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Vain and determined, Franklin aspired to be more admired than his
9
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9
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co-host.
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9
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9
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Sounds better, right?
9
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9
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9
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Double Negatives: Two Wrongs Dont Hardly Make
9
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9
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a Right
9
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9
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A
double
negative
is
the
use
of
two
negative
words
when
one
is
enough.
In
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Standard Written English, you should use only one negative, unless you
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
intend
to
cancel
out
the
meanings
of
both
negatives
(and
you
wont
want
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
do that on the test). See if you can identify the error in the next sentence:
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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We wanted to splash in the puddles, but there werent none. No error
9
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9
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A
B
C
D
E
9
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9
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Choice
(D)
contains
the
error,
since
it
contains
the
second
negative
word
9
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9
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none. In the sentence above, werent adequately conveys the negative
9
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9
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meaning.
9
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9
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Here is a list of some common negative words:
9
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9
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9
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9
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Common
Negative
Words
9
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9
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9
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barely
nobody
nowhere
9
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9
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hardly
not
(also
look
for
the
only
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
neither
contraction nt)
scarcely
9
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9
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no
nothing
without
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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Except What I Accept: Homonyms/Easily
9
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9
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Confused
Words
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9
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In English, there are homonyms and other word pairs that sound alike but
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
have
completely
different
meanings.
Be
prepared
to
identify
errors
in
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
usage of such words, as in the next sentence:
9
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9
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9
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Accept
for
never
taking
out
the
garbage,
Hercules
is
a
great
roommate.
9
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9
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9
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The word accept means to take or tolerate something. In this sentence,
9
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9
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the word should be Except, which means, the thing that does not apply to
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
stated rule.
9
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9
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9
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9
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214 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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9
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9
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9
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Heres a list of some other easily confused words that you may encounter on
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
test.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Easily
Confused
Words
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9
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9
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accept/except
lead/led
9
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9
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advice/advise
leave/let
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9
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affect/effect
peace/piece
9
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9
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afflict/inflict
principle/principal
9
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9
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allusion/illusion
raise/rise
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9
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break/brake
set/sit
9
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compliment/complement
stationary/stationery
9
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emigrate/immigrate
than/then
9
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9
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formally, formerly
there/their/theyre
9
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9
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here/hear
to/too/two
9
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9
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lay/lie
your/youre
9
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9
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9
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9
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Advanced Topic: Using Correct Diction
9
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9
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Diction refers to word choice, and clearly, you should choose the right
9
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9
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words whenever you write or speak. The tricky test-makers may give you an
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ISE question in which they try to confuse you by using incorrect diction.
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These errors are along the lines of easily confused words, but they may be
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less common, as in the next example:
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Barton has translocated the book into five languages.
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The
word
translocated
means
to
move
from
one
location
to
another.
The
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sentence calls for the word translated, so the sentence contains an error in
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diction.
Theres
no
real
way
to
prepare
for
these
types
of
errors,
except
to
be
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9
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on the alert for them whenever you see a strange word underlined.
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9
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Idioms:
Weird
but
True
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Idioms refer to the peculiar expressions in a languageexpressions that do
9
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9
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not
necessarily
follow
grammatical
rules.
Idiomatic
expressions
are
correct,
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because people think they are, and theyre defined by custom and usage.
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The
ISE
section
often
features
a
question
in
which
an
infinitive
or
gerund
is
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used unidiomatically. The infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by to,
9
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that
can
be
used
as
a
noun,
adjective,
or
an
adverb,
as
in:
to
sleep,
to
eat,
to
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gesticulate.
A
gerund
is
a
verb
form
ending
in
ing
that
is
used
as
a
noun,
as
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in: climbing, singing, castigating.
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9
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9
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9 215
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Look for the error in the following sentence:
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In spite of rising early every morning to run five miles, Sasha did not
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A
B
C
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succeed to conquer her opponent. No error
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D
E
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Choice (D) contains the error, because the infinitive to conquer should be
9
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replaced by the gerund in conquering. With idioms, there are no
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grammatical rules to guide you. You simply have to let your ear tell you if
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something does or doesnt sound right. However, you should be on the
9
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lookout for non-idiomatic phrases whenever you see a gerund or an
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infinitive underlined on the test.
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Non-Idiomatic Prepositions After Verbs
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The
test-makers
also
create
questions
that
test
your
idiomatic
knowledge
of
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prepositions that follow certain verbs. Notice the incorrect use of the
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preposition on in the next sentence:
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After considering the situation for four days, Tefi told Moon-Jie that she
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had decided to agree on his proposal.
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You
can
agree
on
many
things,
but
in
the
sentence
above
the
phrase
is
used
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unidiomatically, and the preposition on should be replaced with to. Thats
9
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the
correct
idiomatic
expression,
and
with
idioms
youll
have
to
trust
your
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ear to tell you when a preposition is being used incorrectly. When you see a
9
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preposition
underlined,
check
to
make
sure
that
its
being
used
correctly.
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9
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Studying lists of idioms doesnt make a lot of senseyoull just know them
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when you see them. Reading works written in standard English will help
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you attune your ear to idioms and diction.
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ISE Review: Use the Steps to Identify the Error
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9
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Congratulations! Youve now synthesized the main types of errors youre
9
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9
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likely
to
encounter
in
the
ISE
section.
Before
moving
on
to
the
Improving
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9
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Sentences section, lets see if you can use the steps outlined at the beginning
9
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of this section to identify the error in the following sentence:
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Although no bigger than a thimble, the fiercely insect terrorized the
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A
B
C
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group
of
bird-watchers.
No
error
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D
E
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9
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9
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216 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Tip

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Step 1: Listen for mistakes. If you hear the mistake right away, mark the
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oval,
and
move
on.
If
not,
go
on
to
Step
2.
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9
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Step 2: Reread each underlined part, listening for the error. Choice
9
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(A)
than
appears
to
be
fine.
Choice
(B),
however,
sounds
funnya
fiercely
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9
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insect? Knowing that youll be tested on the use of adjectives and adverbs,
9
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choice
(B)
should
come
under
some
scrutiny.
You
might
recognize
that
since
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the word in choice (B) modifies a noun, it should be an adjective, not an
9
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adverb. It should be a fierce insect, since dropping the ly changes the word
9
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9
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from an adverb to an adjective. Or you might just realize that it sounds
9
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9
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wrong and move on to the next question.
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Step 3: If none of the choices sounds funny to you, try the
9
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9
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process
of
elimination.
Does
choice
(C)
seem
correct?
The
verb
terrorized
9
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9
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seems to be in the correct tense and it agrees with its subject insect. You
9
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9
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should
probably
eliminate
choice
(C)
as
a
possible
error.
Complete
the
same
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9
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steps with the other choices, then make an educated guess. If the answer
9
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isnt
obvious
to
you,
dont
forget
that
choice
(E),
No
error,
is
always
a
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9
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viable
choice.
9
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9
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9
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Educated
guessing
can
and
should
be
used
for
all
the
questions
in
the
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9
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Writing section, regardless of the question type.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Improving Sentences: Finding the Correct
9
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9
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Corrections
9
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The second section of the Writing test consists of improving sentences
9
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9
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questions,
which
are
a
bit
more
elaborate
than
the
ISE
questions.
Like
the
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9
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ISE questions, the improving sentences questions test your knowledge of
9
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9
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basic
grammar,
usage,
and
word
choice.
However,
for
these
problems
there
9
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9
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will
be
an
emphasis
on
issues
concerning
sentence
structure.
Again,
you
will
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9
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not be tested on spelling or capitalization, and punctuation will only be
9
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9
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tested as it relates to sentence structure.
9
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9
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As with the ISE questions, you wont have to name grammatical terms or
9
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9
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identify exactly what the nature of the error is. You will simply need to
9
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9
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recognize
when
a
sentence
contains
an
error
and
identify
the
best
9
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9
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correction among four given choices. You will not be asked to provide the
9
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9
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correction
itself.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 217
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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The
directions
for
Improving
Sentences
will
look
something
like
this:
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9
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Directions:
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1.
The
following
questions
test
your
knowledge
of
English
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9
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grammar, word usage, word choice, sentence construction, and
9
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9
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punctuation.
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9
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2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined.
9
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9
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3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of
9
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9
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the sentence. If you believe there is an error, choose the answer
9
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choice that corrects the original mistake. Answer choices (B),
9
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(C),
(D),
and
(E)
contain
alternative
phrasings
of
the
underlined
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9
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portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate
9
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phrasings will correct it.
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4.
Choice
(A)
repeats
the
original
underlined
portion.
If
you
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9
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believe the underlined portion does not contain any errors,
9
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9
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select
answer
choice
(A).
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5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not
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underlined.
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Tackling the Improving Sentences Questions
9
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Lets look at a typical improving sentences question:
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9
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Although
several
players
were
opposed
to
riding
the
bus
to
the
field,
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other
players
were
as
equal
in
their
support
of
the
idea.
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(A) were as equal in their support of
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(B) held equal support of
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(C) were equally supportive of
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(D) had supported equally
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(E)
held
support
equally
of
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Look at the underlined portion of the sentence. You will be asked whether
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that
underlined
part
contains
an
error,
and
if
so,
which
of
the
choices
best
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corrects that part of the sentence.
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Notice that choice (A) repeats the underlined portion of the sentence. If you
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think the underlined portion is fine as it is, you should choose choice (A),
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which indicates No correction.
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9
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9
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218 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Tip

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Dont
waste
your
time
rereading
choice
(A),
as
it
always
repeats
the
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9
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underlined portion exactly. Dont be afraid to choose it as the answer
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either. Since the test-makers distribute the possible answer choices
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evenly, choice (A) (and all the other choices) will be the right answer
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about one-fifth of the time.
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9
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If, however, you think the underlined part sounds wrong, consider choices
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(B)
through
(E)
as
the
possible
correction.
The
correction
should
produce
a
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sentence that is grammatically correct, as well as clear and concise. You can
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follow these simple steps to tackling improving sentences questions:
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1. Read the sentence, listening for an error.
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2. If the sentence sounds funny, read choices (B) through (E),
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mentally plugging in the choices into the sentence.
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3. Use POE to eliminate obviously wrong answers.
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4.
Dont
hesitate
to
select
choice
A
if
the
sentence
sounds
right.
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Lets try using the steps to find the answer to the example above. Reread the
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sentence. Something should sound a little odd to you. The phrase were as
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equal . . . is awkward, and its form does not mirror the structure of the first
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part of the sentence were opposed to. Since the sentence sounds funny, try
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mentally plugging each choice into the sentence, to see if it works. When we
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plug in choice (B), the sentence reads:
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Although
several
players
were
opposed
to
riding
the
bus
to
the
field,
9
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other players held equal support of the idea.
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That
phrasing
still
sounds
odd.
When
we
plug
in
choice
(C),
we
get:
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Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field,
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other players were equally supportive of the idea.
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That sentence sounds good, and in fact, choice (C) provides the correct
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answer,
because
it
expresses
the
second
part
of
the
sentence
in
a
way
that
is
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parallel, or in equal form, to the first part. You can quickly check the other
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choices
to
see
if
they
work
better
than
this
one.
Choice
(D)
gives
us:
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Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field,
9
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9
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other
players
had
supported
equally
the
idea.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 219
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Choice (D) creates a sentence in which the two verbs are in different
9
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formswere
is
a
linking
verb
and
had
supported
is
in
the
past
perfect
9
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tenseso that choice can be eliminated as incorrect. Choice (E) also yields a
9
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sentence
that
sounds
awkward:
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9
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Although several players were opposed to riding the bus to the field,
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other
players
held
support
equally
of
the
idea.
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9
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Thus, choice (C) is the best answer. You can double check your answer by
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plugging it into the sentence again to see if it sounds the best. Since choice
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(C) provides the best correction, you would mark oval C on the test.
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In this sentence, two groups are being compared: players who were opposed
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to
riding
the
bus
and
players
who
were
supportive
of
the
idea.
Choice
(C)
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creates two phrases that have the same grammatical form. This question
9
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tests
your
knowledge
of
parallel
structurea
common
error
in
the
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Improving Sentences section. Luckily, the section tests only a few
9
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grammatical rules, and by becoming familiar with these rules, youll be able
9
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to
rule
the
Improving
Sentences
section.
Heres
a
chart
showing
the
9
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9
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grammatical problems well cover in this section:
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9
Common Errors in Improving Sentences Questions
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Regular
More Advanced
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Parallel
Structure
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With Connective Words
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In
a
Series
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Coordination and
Subordinate Clauses: Choosing
9
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Subordination
the
Most
Concise
Choice
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Using the Correct
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Conjunction
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Two
Subordinate
Clauses
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Sentence Fragments
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Creating
Independent
Clauses
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Run-On
Sentences
Creating
Compound
Predicates
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Using Semicolons
Using Appositive Phrases
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Creating Subordinate Clauses
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Using
Modifiers
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Misplaced and Dangling
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Modifiers
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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Notice that weve presented Regular and More Advanced topics. The
9
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More
Advanced
issues
are
included
for
those
of
you
who
want
to
ace
the
9
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9
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test. Those of you who are aiming for a good but not outstanding score can
9
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focus
on
mastering
the
regular
topics.
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Since youre a sharpie, you probably also noticed that there are fewer topics
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to
cover
in
this
section
than
there
were
in
the
ISE
section.
Some
of
the
same
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grammatical concepts that cropped up in the ISE section will occur in the
9
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Improving Sentences section, but the Improving Sentences section is really
9
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about the correct flow of sentence.
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You already have a good grasp of the basics of grammar, usage, and word
9
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9
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choice, and youll probably be surprised at how good you are at pinpointing
9
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issues
of
sentence
structure.
Remember,
you
wont
have
to
use
or
name
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9
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grammatical terms on the test. However, knowing what issues to look for
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will
help
you
know
when
there
is
an
error
and
eliminate
incorrect
choices.
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Lets look at the issues.
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Equal Ideas in Equal Forms: Parallel Structure
9
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The
example
question
provides
a
typical
improving
sentences
question
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9
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involving
parallel
structure.
Whenever
items
are
compared,
be
sure
that
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they are expressed in the same grammatical forms, using the same verb
9
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tenses
and
types
of
modifiers.
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The test-makers particularly like to create errors in parallel structure in
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sentences that use pairs of connective words. Notice the connective words in
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the following sentence:
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The more Carolyn advocated for the color green, the more Meg argued for
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the
use
of
blue.
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The
connective
words,
the
more
.
.
.
the
more,
require
you
to
use
parallel
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structure
with
what
follows
them,
since
the
connective
words
imply
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comparison. The above sentence uses parallel structure effectively, since in
9
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both
parts
of
the
sentence,
there
is
a
noun
(Carolyn/Meg)
followed
by
a
past
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tense verb (advocated/argued) followed by a preposition (for/for).
9
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Connective
Words
Requiring
Parallel
Structure
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Neither/nor
9
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Either/or
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Both/and
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Whether/or
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The better/the better
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9 221
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Not only/but also
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The more/ the more
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Another way in which the test creators like to test parallelism is in lists of
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items. Lists require that all the items be in the same form, as in:
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Charles painted the house, cleaned the bathroom, and swept the
9
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9
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front
steps.
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Notice that all three items in the list are in the same form, as they all employ
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verbs
in
the
same
tense
(simple
past).
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Now, see if you can answer the next question. (Guess what? There may be a
9
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problem involving parallel structure):
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After working all day, Aditi likes to relax by listening to music,
9
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lighting
candles,
and
read
poetry.
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(A) and read poetry
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(B) and reading poetry
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(C) and be read poetry
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(D) and finally in reading poetry
9
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9
(E) as well as read poetry
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Trying the steps to answering improving sentences questions, first read the
9
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sentence.
The
underlined
part
should
sound
awkward
to
you.
Since
youre
a
9
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9
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smartie, you probably recognized that the underlined part was not parallel
9
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to
the
other
two
items
in
the
list.
Identifying
the
error
as
faulty
parallelism
9
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will
enable
you
to
speed
through
the
next
step.
As
you
mentally
plug
in
the
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other choices to see which one works best, you can look for words ending in
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ing,
which
will
make
the
last
item
parallel.
(See
how
knowing
just
one
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grammar rule speeds up the process of elimination!) Choices (B) and (D)
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contain
that
construction,
but
choice
(D)
also
contains
the
extraneous
word
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finally in, which keep the third item from being like the others. Choice (B) is
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the correct answer.
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When you see part of a list underlined, look to see if that item is like the others.
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Joined
at
the
Middle:
Coordination
and
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Subordination
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You
may
recall
that
sentences
containing
two
or
more
clauses
need
to
be
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connected
logically
and
grammatically.
Coordinating
conjunctions
such
as
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and, if, but, or, and yet connect independent clauses. An independent clause
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has
a
subject
and
verb
and
can
stand
alone
as
a
sentence.
Errors
in
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coordination occur when the coordinating conjunction that is used does not
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222 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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connect the ideas in a logical manner. See if you can pick the correct answer
9
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to
the
next
improving
sentences
example:
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Samantha liked to think of herself as a tough cookie, yet she bravely
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ventured forth into the tigers cage.
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(A) cookie, yet she bravely ventured
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(B)
cookie;
yet,
she
bravely
ventured
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(C) cookie; however, she bravely ventured
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(D)
cookie,
so
she
bravely
ventured
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(E) cookie only while bravely venture
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Does
the
sentence
sound
correct
to
you?
Samantha
thinks
of
herself
as
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9
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brave, yet she does a brave thing. That does not make sense, so start looking
9
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9
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at choices (B) through (E). You may have surmised that the problem lies
9
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with the coordinating conjunction. Yet does not logically express the
9
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relationship between the two clauses in the sentence, so you should look for
9
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9
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an choice that contains a conjunction that does.
9
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9
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Choice
(B)
merely
changes
the
punctuation
of
the
sentence,
so
you
can
9
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9
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eliminate that choice right away. Choice (C) seems to be punctuated
9
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9
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correctly,
but
the
connector
however
also
does
not
express
the
correct
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9
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relationship between the ideas, so you can cross that choice out. Choice (D),
9
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9
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on
the
other
hand,
does
express
a
logical
relationship,
since
the
conjunction
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9
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so
is
synonymous
with
therefore,
and
it
makes
sense
that
Samantha
would
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9
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venture into a tigers cage if she considered herself brave. Choice (E) gives us
9
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9
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a
verb
that
is
in
the
wrong
tense
as
well
as
a
mystifying
connector.
Choice
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9
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(D) is the correct answer.
9
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9
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9
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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although
if
until
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as
in order that
when
9
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9
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as if
once
whenever
9
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9
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as long as
since
where
9
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because
so that
wherever
9
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9
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before
than
whether
9
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9
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even
though
unless
while
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9
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9
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Quite sensibly, subordinating conjunctionslike those in the preceding
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9
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chartintroduce subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses cannot stand
9
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9
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alone as a sentence, since every sentence needs a subject and a verb. Be alert
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9
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9
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9 223
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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to faulty subordination in which the only two clauses in a sentence are both
9
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9
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subordinate,
as
in:
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While Grace was brushing her teeth, when Janek ran outside.
9
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9
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The subordinating conjunctions at the beginning of each clause will be a big
9
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9
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tip-off that something is wrong, and you should look for the correction that
9
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9
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creates an independent clause.
9
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Sentence Fragments: Looks Like the Real Thing,
9
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but
Isnt
9
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This sentence fragment.
9
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9
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The preceding group of words may be punctuated like a sentence, but it isnt
9
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one, because it lacks a verb. Sentences must express complete thoughts.
9
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Sometimes,
you
will
see
a
sentence
fragment
that
consists
of
only
a
9
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9
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subordinate clause as in:
9
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Whenever Geneva puts on her wig.
9
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Theres no identifiable subject or verb in this group of words. The crafty
9
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test-makers
will
sometimes
present
you
with
long
sentence
fragments
9
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9
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posing
as
sentences.
Choose
the
answer
to
the
next
question.
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9
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The
struggles
and
triumphs
of
a
class
of
third-graders,
which
are
9
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9
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movingly
depicted
in
the
novel
by
Yi
Munyol.
9
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9
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(A) The struggles and triumphs of a class of third-graders, which
9
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9
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are
movingly
depicted
in
the
novel
by
Yi
Munyol.
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9
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(B) The novel by Yi Munyol movingly depicts the struggles and
9
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9
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triumphs
of
a
class
of
third-graders.
9
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9
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(C)
Yi
Munyol,
in
his
moving
novel,
depicting
the
struggles
and
9
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9
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triumphs of a class of third-graders.
9
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(D)
The
struggles
and
triumphs
of
a
class
of
third-graders
being
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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movingly depicted in the novel by Yi Munyol.
9
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(E) Yi Munyol, whose novel movingly depicts a class of third123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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graders struggles and triumphs.
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You probably noticed that the original sentence is a sentence fragment
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since
it
is
missing
a
verb.
To
determine
which
of
the
choices
provides
the
9
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9
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correct revision, look for sentences with subjects and verbs that express
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complete
thoughts.
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224 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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Is It a Fragment?
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Use
the
following
questions
to
determine
if
an
underlined
sentence
is
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a fragment:
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1. Does the sentence have a subject?
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2. Does it have a verb?
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3. Does it express a complete thought?
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If the answer is no to any of these, the sentence is but a mere fragment.
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In
the
question
above,
only
choice
(B)
provides
a
complete
sentence,
so
it
is
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the choice to choose. Use your trusty ear to eliminate choices that are also
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sentence
fragments.
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9
On and On and On: Run-On Sentences
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Read the next sentence:
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In the movie Super Comma, the hero saves the city, he is later engulfed by
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hordes
of
clamoring
fans.
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This sentence is a run-on sentence, because it includes two independent
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clauses
that
are
joined
incorrectly.
Remember
that
independent
clauses
can
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stand alone as sentences. In the above sentence, the clauses are erroneously
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joined
by
only
a
comma.
There
are
several
ways
to
correct
a
run-on
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sentence.
The
most
obvious
way
is
to
replace
the
comma
(or
the
lack
of
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punctuation) with a period, creating two sentences. However, the test9
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makers will rarely give you that choice on the Writing test.
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Instead, they may offer the choice to change the comma to a semicolon. The
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semicolon (;) is used to join two sentences that are closely related. The
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following
correction
is
correct:
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In
the
movie
Super
Comma,
the
hero
saves
the
city;
he
is
later
engulfed
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by
hordes
of
clamoring
fans.
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Sometimes the test-makers wont give you the semicolon choice either. In
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those cases, you should look for an choice that makes one of the
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independent clauses subordinate. Read the next run-on sentence:
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Gus was running late again, Sheila started getting impatient.
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A good way to revise this run-on sentence would be to make the first
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clause
subordinate:
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9
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9
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9
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9 225
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Because Gus was running late again, Sheila started getting impatient.
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To review subordinate clauses and subordinating conjunctions, see
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pages 200 and 222224.
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Now choose the answer to the next improving sentences question:
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Youre sure to find people eager to ski, there are snowy vistas.
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(A) to ski, there are
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(B)
to
ski
but
there
are
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(C) to ski and are
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(D) to ski, meanwhile there are
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(E)
to
ski,
wherever
there
are
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Since each clause in the sentence is independent, the sentence is a run-on and
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choice (A) is out. Choice (B) doesnt make any sense, and it is punctuated
9
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incorrectly, as there should be a comma preceding the coordinating conjunc9
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tion but. Eliminate choice (B). Choice (C) offers a sentence in which the verb
9
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are is in the wrong number. Its also illogical. Choice (D) provides a gram9
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matically correct choice, but it doesnt make sense. That leaves us with choice
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(E), which correctly supplies a subordinate clause. Choice (E) is the answer.
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Ways to Fix a Run-On
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The
test-makers
may
offer
any
of
the
following
ways
to
fix
a
run-on
sentence:
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1. Using a semicolon to join the clauses.
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2. Making one clause a subordinate clause.
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3. Turning the clauses into one sentence with a compound predicate.
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4.
Using
an
appositive
phrase.
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Creating Compound Predicates
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Yet another way to fix run-on sentences is to create compound predicates.
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9
This is a fancy way of saying that the subject has two or more verbs. When
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the two independent clauses have the same subject, you can compress the
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sentence into one clause in which the subject does more than one thing.
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Look at the next run-on sentence:
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The letter O probably started as a picture of an eye in Egyptian
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hieroglyphic
writing,
it
was
later
given
a
circular
form.
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9
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9
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9
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Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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Since the two clauses have the same subject, you can change them into a
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sentence
with
a
compound
predicate:
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The letter O probably started as a picture of an eye in Egyptian
9
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9
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hieroglyphic
writing
and
was
later
given
a
circular
form.
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Not too hard, right? Look out for compound predicates among the
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choices when you encounter run-on sentences.
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Using Appositive Phrases
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Heres
yet
another
way
to
correct
run-ons.
The
test-makers
may
give
you
a
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run-on sentence in which the correction involves an appositive phrase. An
9
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appositive
phrase
consists
of
a
noun
or
pronoun
and
its
modifiers.
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Appositive phrases give you extra information about the person, place, or
9
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thing being described. Heres an example:
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Madonna Ciccone, a singer from Michigan, will appear in concert at 8 p.m.
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The appositive phrase is a singer from Michigan. The test-makers may give
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the choice of changing an independent clause into an appositive phrase to
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correct a run-on, so be on the look-out for these kinds of phrases.
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Mod Squad II: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
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Remember
your
friend
the
modifier?
A
modifier
is
a
word
or
phrase
that
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describes
another
word
in
the
sentence.
Modifiers
need
to
be
placed
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correctly in a sentence, so that it is clear which word is being modified.
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Funny
things
happen
when
you
place
a
modifier
too
far
away
from
what
it
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9
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should modify, as in the next sentence:
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Born two months ago, we happily adopted the adorable puppies.
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The modifying phrase, Born two months ago, is misplaced, since as the
9
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sentence now reads, the modifier appears to describe the people (we). Using
9
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9
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your
powers
of
rationality,
you
can
identify
that
the
phrase
should
modify
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9
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the puppies, and the sentence should be changed to:
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We adopted the adorable puppies born two months ago.
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Dangling
modifiers
may
also
crop
up
on
the
test.
Look
at
the
next
sentence:
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9
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Jogging in the park, the clouds move ominously overhead.
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Who was jogging? We dont know, because the modifier is missing the word
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it
ought
to
modify.
To
correct
a
dangling
modifier,
you
need
to
add
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information:
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Jogging in the park, we noticed the clouds move ominously overhead.
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9 227
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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When you see an entire sentence underlined, you should be on the alert for
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an
error
in
modification.
Now
try
answering
the
next
question:
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Roland
was
pleasantly
surprised
when
he
found
a
package
on
his
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doorstep opening the door.
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(A) Roland was pleasantly surprised when he found a package on
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his doorstep opening the door.
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(B) Opening the door, Roland was pleasantly surprised to find a
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package on his doorstep.
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(C)
Roland
was
pleasantly
surprised
when
he
found
a
package
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opening the door on his doorstep.
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(D)
Roland,
on
his
doorstep,
was
pleasantly
surprised
to
find
a
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package upon opening.
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(E)
On
his
doorstep
opening
the
door,
Roland
was
pleasantly
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surprised to find a package.
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The
original
sentence
is
incorrect,
because
it
contains
a
misplaced
modifier;
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the
doorstep
appears
to
be
opening
the
door.
Choice
(B)
presents
a
logical
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modification. In this choice, Roland is opening the door, and the package is
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on the doorstep. Choice (C) can be crossed out, since it presents another
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misplaced modifierin this case the package is opening the door! Choices
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(D) and (E) offer sentences that are within the realm of logic, but their word
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ordering is awkward. Choice (B) is the best choice. Remember to take a
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guess, after eliminating obviously wrong choices, if youre not sure of
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the answer.
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Summing
Up:
Improving
Sentences
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Phew!
Congratulations
againyouve
finished
reviewing
the
major
gram9
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mar points for the Improving Sentences section. Remember, there are only
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five
key
areas
of
grammar
to
keep
in
mind
in
this
section:
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Parallel Structure
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Coordination and Subordination
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Sentence Fragments
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Run-On Sentences
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Misplaced
and
Dangling
Modifiers
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And heres the really good news: youre done with learning about grammar
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and usage! Knowing what you know already will put you in an excellent
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position to tackle the Writing section. In the next section, well look at a
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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couple of finer points of writing such as avoiding wordiness, but mostly we
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will
focus
on
how
to
approach
the
improving
paragraphs
questions.
Since
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youre already a grammatical wizard, the next section will be a whiz.
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Improving Paragraphs: The (Slightly)
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Bigger Picture
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Give yourself a pat on the back. Youve already mastered the basic tasks for
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the Writing test by learning how to find errors in sentences and how to fix
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them. The third and final type of multiple-choice questions, improving
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paragraphs, will take you one step further by asking you to consider errors
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in the context of paragraphs and short essays.
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The Improving Paragraphs questions will present you with paragraphs or
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short
essays,
followed
by
a
few
questions.
Those
questions
will
ask
you
to
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do one of three things:
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Correct
sentences
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Combine sentences
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Consider organization of the sentences
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Well look at how to approach each of these types of questions in detail, but
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before
doing
that,
lets
look
at
a
typical
improving
paragraphs
question.
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Directions:
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1.
The
following
questions
test
your
knowledge
of
paragraph
and
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sentence construction.
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2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough
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draft contains various errors.
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3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow.
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Some questions will focus on specific sentences and ask if there
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are any problems with that sentences word choice, word usage,
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or
overall
structure.
Other
questions
will
ask
about
the
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graph itself. These questions will focus on paragraph organiza9
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tion
and
development.
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4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar
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and
proper
essay
and
paragraph
writing.
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9
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9
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9 229
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

X-Ref

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This question is based on the following paragraph.
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(1) An estuary is a place where rivers meet the ocean. (2) Fresh
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water
from
rivers
mixes
with
salt
water
from
oceans.
(3)
Estuaries
are
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often shaped like funnels, with the rivers running down the middle of
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the estuaries toward the ocean. (4) Bays are usually shaped like
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half-circles; however, some are really estuaries. (5) Any place where
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fresh water mixes with salt water is an estuary.
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1. In context, which is the best way to revise the underlined portion of
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sentence 4 (reproduced below)?
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Bays are usually shaped like half-circles; however, some are really
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estuaries.
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(A) however, they are really estuaries
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(B) wherever there are really estuaries
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(C) and are really estuaries
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(D)
however,
it
is
really
an
estuary
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(E) however, some bays are really estuaries
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This
is
an
example
of
the
first
type
of
improving
paragraphs
question,
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which requires you to correct sentences. This type of question should strike
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you
as
familiar,
as
it
similar
to
the
improving
sentences
questions.
The
only
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difference is that with the improving paragraphs questions, you need to
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look
at
the
context
of
the
whole
paragraph
to
figure
out
how
to
best
revise
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the
sentence.
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In the example above, the original sentence contains an error in ambiguous
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reference, since it isnt clear what exactly the word some refers to.
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Theoretically, some could refer to either bays or half-circles. Logically, you
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know that the reference is probably to bays, and when you read sentence 5
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that
instinct
is
affirmed,
since
sentence
5
tells
you
that
any
place
where
salt
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water meets fresh water is an estuary. By reading the whole paragraph, you
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can
correctly
surmise
that
the
correct
answer
is
choice
(E).
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Ambiguous or vague pronoun reference errors are common in the
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Improving Paragraphs section. If youre not sure how to handle these
9
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types
of
errors,
see
pages
211212
in
the
ISE
section.
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9
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230 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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With any of the improving paragraphs questions, youll have to read the
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whole
paragraph
or
essay
to
determine
the
correct
answers.
This
portion
of
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the Writing test tests your grasp of information and how sentences work
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together
to
effectively
convey
meaning.
Youll
be
looking
for
sentences
that
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are weak, redundant, or ambiguous. Often, however, you will have to
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identify the main idea of a paragraph or essay to arrive at the correct
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answer.
Well
explore
this
strategy
in
depth
when
we
discuss
the
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organizational types of questions at the end of this section. Before
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discussing
the
three
types
of
questions,
lets
look
at
how
to
tackle
the
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improving paragraphs questions in general.
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Basic Strategy for Tackling the Improving
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Paragraphs Questions
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Use the following steps to successfully answer the Improving Paragraphs
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questions:
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1.
Read
the
paragraph
or
essay,
noting
any
words
that
clue
you
in
to
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the
passages
main
idea.
Dont
be
afraid
to
underline
words
as
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you read.
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2.
Read
the
question
stem
or
the
part
of
the
question
that
precedes
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the five multiple-choice choices. The stem may direct you to
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specific numbered sentences or it may ask you an organizational
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question. Determining what kind of question youre being asked
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will help you hone in on the information you need to answer the
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question correctly.
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3. Reread the parts of the paragraph or essay that you need to reread
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to
answer
the
question.
With
the
correcting
and
combining
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sentences questions, you should reread the numbered sentences in
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question
for
sure,
but
you
may
also
need
to
reread
the
sentences
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that
surround
them
to
arrive
at
the
right
answer.
With
the
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organizational questions, youll probably have to reread the entire
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paragraph.
The
passages
are
short,
so
skimming
them
again
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shouldnt take too long.
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4. When considering the choices, look for an answer that addresses
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the problem youve identified. For example, if youve already
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determined that the problem lies with an ambiguous pronoun
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reference, look for the choice that provides a clear reference.
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5. If you come across a question that deals with the main idea or
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organization
of
the
passage,
you
may
need
to
answer
the
other
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questions first. The answers to the other questions can help you
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9 231
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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understand the main idea of the passage and may give you a better
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chance
at
answering
that
type
of
question
correctly.
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Now lets look at the three types of Improving Paragraphs questions.
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1. Fix It Quick: Correcting Sentences
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One
type
of
Improving
Paragraphs
question
requires
that
you
choose
the
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best revision to a given sentence. These questions strongly resemble the
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Improving
Sentences
questions
from
the
previous
section,
but
with
the
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Improving Paragraphs questions, youll have to consider the context of the
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sentence within the whole passage. Look at the next paragraph and
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question:
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(1) Fish swim in schools to protect themselves from predators. (2)
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There
is
safety
in
numbers,
and
young
and
small
fish
are
safer
in
a
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group. (3) Swimming with hundreds or thousands of other fish
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confuses
potential
predators,
since
a
school
of
tiny
fish
can
fool
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predators
by
appearing
to
be
a
much
larger
creature.
(4)
An
enemy
is
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less likely to attack it than a single fish swimming by itself.
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In the context of the paragraph, which revision is most needed in
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sentence 4?
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(A) Insert As a matter of fact at the beginning.
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(B)
Omit
the
word
less.
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(C)
Change
it
to
a
school.
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(D) Change than to then.
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(E)
Change
itself
to
themselves.
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After reading the paragraph, you can identify that the word it in sentence 4
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refers to a school of fish, since the whole paragraph is about why fish swim
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in
schools.
You
should
also
recognize
that
the
pronoun
it
needs
to
be
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changed, because it doesnt have a clear reference. Knowing the context and
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identifying
the
grammatical
error
will
tell
you
that
choice
C
is
the
best
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revision to the sentence. Pretty straightforward, right?
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Choices
(B),
(D),
and
(E)
actually
introduce
grammatical
errors
into
the
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9
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sentence, so they should all be eliminated. Choice (A) doesnt introduce an
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error,
but
it
does
add
unnecessary
words
to
the
sentence.
Remember
that
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you
should
always
pick
the
choice
that
yields
the
most
concise
correct
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construction. Well say more about the importance of being concise in the
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next section.
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232 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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2. A Good Mix: Combining Sentences
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Some improving paragraphs questions will ask you to choose the best way
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to combine sentences. Take a look at the next paragraph and question.
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(1) The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh is
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famous for his intensely colored, highly textured paintings. (2) His
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landscapes
and
portraits
are
marked
by
swirling
brushstrokes
and
a
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passionate sensibility. (3) While creating his artworks, van Gogh
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sometimes
suffered
from
bouts
of
mental
instability.
(4)
In
1889,
he
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admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rmy. (5) He made some of his
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greatest paintings while he was at the hospital.
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9
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Which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 4 and 5?
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In
1889,
he
admitted
himself
to
a
hospital
in
Saint-Rmy.
He
made
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9
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some of his greatest paintings while he was at the hospital.
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(A)
In
1889,
he
admitted
himself
to
a
hospital
in
Saint-Rmy,
and
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he made some of his greatest paintings while he was at the
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hospital.
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(B) Having admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rmy in 1889,
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he made some of his greatest paintings while there.
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(C) He made some of his paintings, his greatest paintings, in 1889,
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while admitting himself to a hospital in Saint-Rmy.
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(D) Because he admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rmy he
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made some of his greatest paintings in 1889.
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(E) In 1889, he admitted himself to a hospital in Saint-Rmy where
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he made some of his greatest paintings.
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Upon reading the paragraph, you probably noticed that part of sentence 5 is
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redundant,
as
it
repeats
what
is
said
in
sentence
4.
You
can
surmise
that
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there
is
a
way
to
combine
the
ideas
in
one
sentence,
and
you
should
look
for
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9
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the choice that combines the ideas effectively and concisely.
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9
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Choice (E) offers the best way to combine the sentences, because it provides
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the most concise way to combine the ideas. Choices (C) and (D) should be
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eliminated, as they create sentences that are somewhat illogical. Choices (A)
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and
(B)
offer
sentences
that
are
in
the
realm
of
possibility,
but
choice
(E)
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provides a more succinct and logical connection between the ideas.
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In
the
improving
paragraphs
questions,
you
want
to
choose
the
answer
that
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eliminates wordiness or unnecessary words. Although the shortest answer is
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9
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not
necessarily
the
correct
one
all
the
time,
you
should
look
for
the
choice
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9
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that expresses ideas most succinctly.
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9
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9 233
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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In order to combine sentences effectively, you should also know the basic
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9
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rules
of
punctuation.
If
you
need
to
refresh
your
memory
concerning
9
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9
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commas and the like, take a moment to review the chart below.
9
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9
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9
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Punctuation Review
9
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9
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Punctuation
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9
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Mark
How to Use the Mark
Example
9
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9
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to separate items in a
Jon is a runner, a lawyer,
comma
9
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9
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list
and a brother.
9
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9
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9
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to separate two or
Shabba nearly fell asleep
9
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9
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more adjectives
watching the tedious,
9
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9
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before a noun
melodramatic play.
9
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9
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9
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to set off clauses or
Niko, an excellent
9
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9
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phrases that are not
mathematician, loves to
9
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9
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essential to the main
play the violin.
9
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9
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idea
of
the
sentence
9
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9
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9
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after introductory
Before leaving the house,
9
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9
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phrases
Howie
checked
to
see
9
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9
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that the lights were out.
9
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9
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9
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to
separate
Brianna
interviewed
14
9
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9
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independent clauses
people for the job, yet
9
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9
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(the
comma
precedes
she
didnt
find
a
suitable
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9
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the conjunction)
employee.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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to join independent
The iris is Alis favorite
semicolon
9
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9
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clauses
flower; he grows rows of
9
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9
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them
in
his
yard.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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to connect independent
Elena felt awkward about
9
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9
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clauses
joined
by
barging
in
on
the
party;
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9
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transitional
however, she managed to
9
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9
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expressions such as
make a grand entrance.
9
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9
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however,
for
9
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9
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example, indeed,
9
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9
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moreover, therefore,
9
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9
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and in addition
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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9
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234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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9
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9
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9
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Punctuation
9
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9
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Mark
How
to
Use
the
Mark
Example
9
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9
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9
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before
a
list,
definition,
You
will
need
to
bring
the
colon
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9
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or explanation
following items: a plastic
9
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9
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cup, a toothbrush, and a
9
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9
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flashlight.
9
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9
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at the end of a line
The party was organhyphen
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ized
by
the
president.
9
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9
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with compound words
twenty-one
9
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self-made
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a well-written story
9
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to
indicate
an
abrupt
dash
My
pet
Marcelhes
a
9
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9
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break in thought or
pugis the most popular
9
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speech
dog
in
the
neighborhood.
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9
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in contractions
youre, its, dont
Apostrophe
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9
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9
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to show possession
the boys friend
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the girls building blocks
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9
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Combining sentences questions are not much more involved than the
9
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9
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correcting sentences questions. When you encounter these types of
9
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9
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questions,
keep
in
mind
the
same
grammatical
rules
youve
learned
while
9
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9
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preparing for other parts of the test and use your knowledge to eliminate
9
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9
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obviously
wrong
choices.
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9
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9
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3. The Proper Place and Order:
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9
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Organizational Questions
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9
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The
third
type
of
improving
paragraphs
question
will
require
you
to
make
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9
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decisions about paragraph development and organization. In these ques9
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9
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tions you may be asked to:
9
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9
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Identify which choice would best conclude a paragraph
9
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9
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Identify which choice would best begin a paragraphi.e., which
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9
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sentence
would
make
an
appropriate
topic
sentence
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9
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9
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Identify what the authors purpose is: to describe, analyze, explain, etc.
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9
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9
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9 235
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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Identify which choice would best fit into the overall theme or idea of
9
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9
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a
given
paragraph
9
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9
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9
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As you may have surmised, figuring out the main idea of the essay or
9
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9
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paragraph
in
question
will
often
be
necessary
when
answering
these
types
of
9
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9
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questions. Knowing the main idea will help you determine whats needed to
9
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9
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complete
a
paragraph.
Determining
the
main
idea
is
a
skill
youre
probably
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9
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adept at from tackling the critical reading questions, but if you want to
9
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9
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refresh your skills take a look at the following box.
9
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9
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How to Hone in on the Main Idea: A Review
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9
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If
youve
been
actively
reading,
then
organizational
questions
9
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9
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shouldnt throw you for a loop. These questions will usually take
9
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9
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more
time
to
answer,
simply
because
they
encompass
more
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9
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information. If a question asks which choice would make the best
9
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9
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first or last line of a specific paragraph, look back at the first and
9
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9
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last
sentences,
since
those
may
provide
a
clearer
picture
of
what
9
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9
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that paragraph is about.
9
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9
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9
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Look out for answer choices that are partially correctthey
9
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9
mention smaller ideas or issues from the passage. There will be
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9
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distractor-like choices that may include an aspect of the passages
9
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9
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main idea, but just miss the mark a little. So, again, reading
9
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9
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actively while you skim can help keep these diversionary choices
9
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9
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out of your line of vision when concentrating on the big picture of
9
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9
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a
passage.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Lets take a look at a typical organizational question:
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(1)
The
national
sport
of
Korea,
tae
kwon
do
is
a
martial
art
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
famous
for
its
flying
and
spinning
kicks.
(2)
Along
with
karate
and
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9
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kung fu, it is one of the most popular martial arts in the world. (3) Tae
9
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9
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kwon
do
means
the
art
of
hand
and
foot
fighting.
(4)
The
name
9
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9
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comes from three Korean words: tae means foot or kick; kwon
9
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9
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means
fist
or
punch;
and
do
means
the
art
or
way
of
life.
(5)
The
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9
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martial art involves dramatic kicks, which are often done while
9
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9
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jumping and spinning. (6) Competitors score points by landing kicks
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9
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to the body or the head, and students of tae kwon do learn sequences
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9
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of fighting moves. (7) Students also learn courtesy, determination, and
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self-control, and tae kwon do emphasizes loyalty and respect for
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family, teachers, and elders.
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9
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236 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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9
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9
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9
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Which sentence would be most appropriate to follow sentence 7?
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9
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(A) Martial arts are becoming more and more popular in the U.S.
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(B) I began studying tae kwon do when I was in the fourth grade.
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(C)
In
conclusion,
everybody
should
be
familiar
with
at
least
one
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9
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type of martial art.
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9
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(D)
By
studying
tae
kwon
do,
students
learn
many
skills
and
values.
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9
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(E) In tae kwon do, the color of the belt shows the persons rank.
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To answer this question, you should first determine what the paragraph is
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9
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about. Reading it through once, you can probably assess that the paragraph
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describes the martial art tae kwon do. After reading the question, you
9
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9
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should reread sentence 7, and determine that the question is asking you to
9
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9
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choose
the
sentence
that
best
concludes
the
paragraph.
9
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9
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9
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Then
consider
the
choices.
Choice
(A)
provides
a
sentence
that
is
only
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9
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tangentially related to the main idea. It is about martial arts in general, not
9
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9
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tae kwon do specifically. This is an example of a misleading choice, and you
9
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9
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should
cross
it
out.
Choice
(B)
relates
to
the
main
idea,
but
it
introduces
a
9
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9
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different voice or narrator than what was presented in the paragraph, as it
9
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9
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uses
the
first-person
I
form.
Choice
(B)
also
offers
information
that
is
9
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9
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irrelevant
to
the
ideas
in
the
paragraph.
Since
the
shift
in
voice
and
9
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9
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information is not appropriate, you should cross out choice (B). Choice (C)
9
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9
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presents a conclusion that would be appropriate to a persuasive paragraph;
9
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9
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however, this paragraph is descriptive. Its not trying to persuade you to
9
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9
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take up martial arts in general. Choice (C) should also be eliminated.
9
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9
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Choice
(D)
provides
a
sentence
that
does
aptly
conclude
the
paragraph,
as
it
9
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9
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describes the kinds of things students of tae kwon do learn. Checking
9
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9
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Choice
(E),
you
can
conclude
that
it
adds
information
but
doesnt
provide
a
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9
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good summary of the ideas in the paragraph. Choice (D) is the best answer.
9
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9
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These types of improving paragraphs questions are the most complex
9
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9
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multiple-choice questions you will encounter in the Writing section, and
9
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9
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you
will
only
be
asked
to
answer
a
few
organizational
questions
such
as
this
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9
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one. Knowing how to identify what the writer is trying to do and what the
9
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9
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passage is about will enable you to answer these questions successfully.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 237
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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Collective Nouns
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9
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A collective noun is singular in form but names a group of persons or things,
9
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as in the next sentence:
9
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9
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A
crowd
gathered
to
watch
the
paint
dry.
9
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9
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9
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Some examples of collective nouns are: group, audience, class, committee,
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9
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family,
team,
and
majority.
When
the
group
is
acting
as
a
unit,
use
a
singular
9
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9
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verb, as in the sentence above. When the individuals in the group are acting
9
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separately,
use
a
plural
verb,
as
in:
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9
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The class have finished their assignments.
9
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9
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In this sentence, the individual members of the class are acting indepen9
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9
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dently
to
finish
their
assignments.
When
you
see
a
collective
noun
9
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9
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underlined, double check to determine whether it is acting as a singular or
9
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9
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plural
subject.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Ambiguous
and
Vague
Pronoun
Reference
9
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A pronoun should always refer clearly to its antecedent. Sometimes, the
9
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9
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test-makers
will
create
erroneous
sentences
in
which
the
pronoun
can
refer
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9
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to
more
than
one
noun,
as
in
the
next
sentence:
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9
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When the dog chased the squirrel, it was happy.
9
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9
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Who
was
happy,
the
dog
or
the
squirrel?
The
pronoun
it
has
ambiguous
9
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9
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reference, since the pronoun can refer to either antecedent. When you see a
9
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9
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pronoun
underlined,
make
sure
that
the
pronoun
refers
clearly
to
a
noun
in
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9
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the sentence.
9
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9
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The test creators may also throw you a sentence in which the pronoun has
9
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9
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no clear antecedent, as in the next sentence:
9
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9
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On the radio show, they announced the release of Pedros new album.
9
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9
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Who does they refer to? Well never know, since they does not have an
9
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9
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antecedent. When you see sentences such as the one above, check to make
9
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9
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sure
the
pronouns
have
clear
antecedents.
Theres
a
good
chance
youll
find
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9
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your error there.
9
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9
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Parallel Structure
9
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9
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Sometimes,
youll
see
sentences
in
which
the
comparison
is
grammatically
9
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9
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faulty
or
unparallel,
as
in
the
following
sentence:
9
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9
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In the novel, red flowers require twice as much sun as pink flowers.
9
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9
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9
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238 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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9
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This type of error can be particularly challenging to spot, since the
9
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9
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comparison
between
the
two
items
is
logical.
The
red
flowers
can
be
9
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9
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sensibly compared to the pink flowers. However, Standard Written English
9
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9
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requires
that
you
use
the
same
form
to
compare
equal
ideas,
and
in
the
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9
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sentence above, the second item is missing a verb and thus does not match
9
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9
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the form of the first item. To be correct, the sentence should read:
9
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9
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In the novel, red flowers require twice as much sun as pink flowers do.
9
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9
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9
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These types of errors test your grasp of parallel structure, which dictates
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9
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that equal ideas are expressed in equal forms.
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9
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Choosing the Most Concise Choice When
9
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9
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Combining
Clauses
9
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9
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Sometimes the test-makers will present you with a sentence in which an
9
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9
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independent
clause
needs
to
be
replaced
by
a
subordinate
clause.
This
9
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9
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sounds a bit trickier than it actually is, for as always you will not actually
9
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9
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have
to
create
the
solution.
You
need
only
choose
the
correct
answer.
9
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9
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However,
it
is
a
good
idea
for
you
to
know
what
to
look
for,
and
since
thats
9
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9
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what this book is all about, consider the following example:
9
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9
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9
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9
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Wallace wrote his second comic book and he was thirty-seven years
9
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9
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old then.
9
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9
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(A)
and
he
was
thirty-seven
years
old
then
9
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9
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(B) upon reaching the age of thirty-seven years
9
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9
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(C)
at
age
thirty-seven
years
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9
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(D) when he was thirty-seven
9
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9
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(E)
at
the
time
when
he
was
thirty-seven
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9
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When you read the sentence, you probably noticed that the coordinating
9
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9
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conjunction
and
does
not
provide
the
most
logical
connection
between
the
9
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9
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two clauses. In addition, the sentence is not punctuated correctly. There
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9
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should be a comma preceding the and. So, choice (A) is definitely out.
9
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9
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Choice (B) presents a logical alternative, but the resulting sentence is wordy.
9
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9
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The ideas can be expressed more succinctly than that. Choice (C) provides
9
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9
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an awkward and grammatically incorrect solution. People simply do not
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
say
at
age
thirty-seven
years
in
English.
Choice
(D),
however,
is
9
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9
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grammatically correct and succinct. Choice (E) is correct but like (B), quite
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
wordy.
Given
the
choices
presented,
you
should
choose
the
one
that
is
most
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9
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concise and clear. Choose (D).
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9
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9
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9
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9 239
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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Concise
and
PreciseVery
Nice:
How
to
Write
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9
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an Effective Essay
9
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9
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In the essay section of the Writing test, you will be asked to take a position
9
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9
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on
an
issue
and
support
it
with
examples
from
your
studies
and
experience.
9
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9
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The question will be open-ended, so that you can answer it successfully in
9
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9
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many
different
ways.
You
will
not
have
to
have
any
prior
knowledge
about
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a specific topic to write an effective essay.
9
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9
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The
essay
portion
of
the
test
is
designed
to
assess
your
ability
to
express
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9
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ideas clearly and effectively. You will need to present a clear viewpoint on a
9
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9
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topic, backed up by supporting details. The readers will consider your
9
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essays content, organization, and grammar. By preparing for other sections
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of the test (the multiple-choice questions), youve already developed a good
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grasp of grammar, usage, and word choice. You also know how to
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effectively improve paragraphs. With the essay, you can draw on these skills
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to write your own effective passage.
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The essay will be scored using a holistic approach, meaning that
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readers will consider the essay as a whole and will judge it based on the
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overall
impression
it
makes.
Errors
in
punctuation
and
spelling
are
of
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minor importance. Even with a few spelling and punctuation errors,
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you
can
score
high
on
the
essay.
Handwriting
will
also
not
count
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against
you,
although
you
do
need
to
write
legibly
so
that
the
readers
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can read your essay and score it.
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Heres an example of the type of essay question youll encounter:
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Directions: Think carefully about the issue presented in the following
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excerpt and the assignment below.
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A century ago, the average American had little in the way of real
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selection.
From
cornflakes
to
college,
the
choices
available
to
most
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people were limited. Today Americans have so many choices that we are
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often
overwhelmed
by
too
much
of
a
good
thing.
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Gary Belsky, A Logical Choice
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Assignment: What is your view on the idea that having too many choices to
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choose from may be a bad thing? Plan and write an essay in which you
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develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with
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reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or
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observations.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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Notice that you are asked to respond to an issue of general interest and that
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you
can
draw
on
your
knowledge
of
a
specific
subject
such
as
literature
or
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history or your own experience. The readers will be assessing your ability to
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express
yourself,
not
your
expertise
in
any
particular
subject.
Now
lets
look
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at how to successfully write an essay in response to a question like the
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one above.
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How to Improve Your Writing Skills
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The more you write, the better you will become at writing. Here are a few
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hints for improving your writing skills:
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1. Practice writing on a daily basis. Try keeping a journal in a
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notebook
or
online,
and
practice
writing
thoughtful
entries
on
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specific topics.
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2.
Write
about
what
you
read
in
English
and
other
subjects.
Keep
a
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response journal in which you write your opinions about what
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youve
read.
Writing
just
a
paragraph
a
day
will
enable
you
to
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clarify
your
thinking
about
something
youve
studied.
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3. Explore which writing methods work best for you. For example,
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try outlining your essays before you write them.
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What
the
Scores
Mean
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Each
reader
will
give
your
essay
a
score
from
1
to
6.
Heres
what
each
of
the
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numbers indicates:
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6
Outstanding
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5
Good
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4
Adequate
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3
Limited
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2
Flawed
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1
Unacceptable
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You
should
aim
to
write
the
best
essay
you
can,
but
a
score
of
4
or
above
is
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good. To receive a score of 5 or 6, you will need to show a superior
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command
of
grammar,
usage,
and
word
choice,
as
well
as
effective
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development
and
logical
organization
of
your
ideas.
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9
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9
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9
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9 241
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Steps to Writing an Effective Essay
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You may be wondering how long the essay should be. Content is, of course,
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more important than length. You should never write extra sentences just to
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make your essay appear longer. However, the ideal length of your essay is
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three
to
five
paragraphs.
Each
of
those
paragraphs
should
consist
of
at
least
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three sentences, which develop the main ideas of those paragraphs. The first
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paragraph,
as
you
may
have
guessed,
should
state
the
main
idea
of
your
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essay, your point of view on the given topic. The middle one to three
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paragraphs
should
provide
supporting
examples
to
the
main
idea
and
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develop the idea further. The concluding paragraph should sum up your
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main points and give the essay a sense of completion.
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The test-makers and readers know that you will be writing under time
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pressure, so they do not expect you to churn out a perfectly polished,
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ingenious piece of writing on the spot. What theyre looking for is the
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effective expression of a viewpoint backed up by details. The test-makers
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will give you enough time to plan the essay before you write itin fact the
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word plan is in the directions. So, lets look at this first step.
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Step 1: Plan Your Essay. Before you begin actually writing the essay, take
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a
few
minutes
to
plan
what
you
will
write.
Writing
down
notes
or
an
outline
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will make the task of writing the essay much easier.
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The
first
thing
you
should
do
is
decide
what
your
point
of
view
is
on
the
given
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topic. With the question above, you would need to figure out if you agree or
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disagree
with
the
statement:
Can
having
too
many
choices
be
a
bad
thing?
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Next, you will need to choose how to support your argument. Since youll
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be able to draw supporting examples from any of your studies or your
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experience, you should choose the area in which you feel you know the
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most. For example, if youve just read William Shakespeares Hamlet and
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the details of the play are fresh in your mind, you will probably want to
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discuss
the
play
in
the
essay.
However,
if
youre
particularly
knowledgeable
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about how candidates get elected to the Presidency of the United States, you
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will
want
to
take
your
examples
from
this
area.
Remember,
you
can
also
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always draw on your personal experiences to support your argument. It
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doesnt
matter
what
you
write
about,
as
long
as
you
can
develop
an
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argument using those examples.
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In
planning
your
essay,
you
may
want
to
first
brainstorm
as
many
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supporting ideas an examples as you can, jotting them down on a piece of
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scrap paper. Write down your topic statement, and then list every idea about
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the subject that comes to you. For the question above, your brainstorming
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notes might look like this:
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242 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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Yes,
having
too
many
choices
can
be
a
bad
thing.
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we have more choices now than ever before
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hundreds
of
TV
channels
to
choose
from
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unlimited job choices
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varieties
of
jeans
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waste time deciding among different choices
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choosing cereal at the store
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choosing what kinds of jeans to wear
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even making bigger decisions like buying cars or
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deciding what college to go to
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having more choices, doesnt necessarily mean better choices
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prefer
quality
over
quantity
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feeling overwhelmed by too many choiceswhere to shop?
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once at the shop, what kind of jeans to get
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After
brainstorming
your
ideas,
you
can
decide
which
ideas
and
details
you
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9
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want
to
include
in
your
essay,
perhaps
circling
the
ones
that
stand
out
to
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9
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you. Then, think about how to organize those ideas into the paragraphs that
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9
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will
make
up
your
essay.
You
may
want
to
quickly
write
an
outline
such
as
9
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9
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the one that follows:
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9
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1.
Yes,
too
many
choices
can
be
bad.
9
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we have more choices than ever before
9
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but
we
waste
time
choosing
among
too
many
choices
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9
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having so many choices can lead to misery
9
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2. Waste time choosing among too many choices
9
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9
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example: trying to buy jeans
9
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9
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which
store
to
go
to?
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9
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which types of jeanslow-riders, boot-cut, straight
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leg, flare, faded, dark, pre-washed?
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3. Having too many choices can lead to misery
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I ended up buying nothing, after having wasted four
9
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hours trying to find the perfect pair.
9
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9
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having
more
choices
doesnt
mean
better
9
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9
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illusion of having choices creates pressure on the
9
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9
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decision
maker
9
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9
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9 243
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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9
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9
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When you outline, you should be thinking about how to organize your ideas
9
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9
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into
at
least
three
paragraphs:
the
topic
paragraph,
a
supporting
paragraph,
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9
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and a concluding paragraph. Add any details that occur to you to the
9
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9
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outline
and
feel
free
to
move
your
ideas
around
using
arrows
or
whatever
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9
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method works for you. After outlining your ideas, youll be prepared to
9
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9
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write the essay.
9
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9
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Step 2: Write the Essay
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With your notes and outline in hand, you should start writing the topic
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9
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paragraph. This paragraph should state your opinion and give the main
9
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reasons why you have that viewpoint. As you write your essay, dont obsess
9
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9
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about punctuation and word choice. You should have time to go back and
9
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9
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revise
your
essay:
and
matters
again
are
less
important
than
the
9
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9
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development of your ideas.
9
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9
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For the question above, a topic paragraph might look like this:
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9
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Having
too
many
choices
can
indeed
be
a
bad
thing.
Today,
we
9
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9
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have
more
choices
than
ever
before.
A
typical
consumer
can
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9
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choose among 10 different kinds of paper towels, dozens of
9
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9
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9
different cars, and hundreds of TV channels. However, having so
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many choices can ultimately just be a waste of precious time. A
9
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9
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larger
array
of
choices
doesnt
necessarily
translate
into
better
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9
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choices, and having to choose among many choices can make a
9
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9
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person feel pressured to make perfect choices all the time.
9
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9
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With your introductory paragraph, you should include a topic sentence that
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clearly states your viewpoint, as in the first sentence above. The topic
9
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9
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sentence
doesnt
necessarily
have
to
come
first
in
the
paragraph,
but
it
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should appear somewhere. The other sentences should support the main
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9
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idea
by
giving
details
or
fleshing
out
the
topic
sentence.
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You can support a main idea with different kinds of details including:
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Facts and statistics
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Sensory details appealing to the sense of touch, sight, smell,
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taste, or hearing
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Examples
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9
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Anecdotes or brief stories
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9
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9
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244 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

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9
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9
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After writing the introductory paragraph, write one to three body
9
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9
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paragraphs
that
extend
or
expand
upon
the
ideas
set
forth
in
the
first
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9
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paragraph. You may use the supporting sentences from the first paragraph
9
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9
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to
start
these
body
paragraphs.
In
the
body
of
the
essay,
you
should
draw
on
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9
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your knowledge of a particular area or your experience to support your
9
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9
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viewpoint. Heres an example of a good supporting paragraph:
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9
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I recently had the experience of facing too many choices as a
9
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9
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consumer. I wanted to buy a new pair of jeans, but when I went to
9
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9
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the
store
to
find
a
pair,
I
was
confronted
with
dozens
of
choices
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9
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covering three walls of the store. There were boot-cut jeans,
9
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9
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straight
leg,
and
flared
bottom.
There
were
low-riders,
high9
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9
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waisted, and boy-cut pants. The textures of fabric offered still
9
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9
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more
choices:
prewashed,
dark
blue,
light
blue,
faded,
even
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9
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something called distressed. Faced with so many choices, I
9
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9
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randomly picked a few pairs and tried them on, yet none of the
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9
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pairs
I
tried
on
seemed
to
fit
me
well.
I
left
the
store
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9
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empty-handed except for an increased sense of frustration. In
9
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9
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this
case,
having
more
choices
did
not
deliver
a
satisfactory
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
outcome.
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9
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Supporting paragraphs should contain lots of details to support your
9
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9
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argument. Each paragraph should also contain a topic sentence summariz9
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9
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ing the main idea of the paragraph. In this body paragraph, the topic
9
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9
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sentence
is
the
last
one.
All
the
details
in
the
paragraph
should
support
the
9
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9
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paragraphs main idea, just as each of the body paragraphs should support
9
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9
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the
main
idea
of
your
essay.
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9
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9
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After fleshing out your ideas in the body paragraphs, you should sum up your
9
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ideas
in
the
concluding
paragraph.
The
concluding
paragraph
should
give
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9
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your essay a sense of completeness. Here are some ways to conclude an essay:
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Ways to Conclude an Essay
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1. Restate the main idea in different words.
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2.
Summarize
your
major
points.
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3. End with a final idea or example.
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4.
End
with
a
comment
on
the
topic,
such
as
a
personal
observation
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9
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or a statement that points to larger related issues.
9
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5. Ask the reader to take action or make a statement to persuade
9
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them
to
do
something.
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9
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9 245
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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Look at the concluding paragraph for the assignment above:
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Having many choices can, in fact, lead to the opposite of
9
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9
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satisfaction. When I left the store without any jeans, I felt not
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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only frustrated but incompetent. Surely with so many choices
9
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9
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available to me, I should have been able to find the perfect pair
9
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9
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of
jeans.
Having
an
abundance
of
choices
can
make
people
feel
9
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9
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pressured to make perfect choices all the time. However, that
9
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9
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simply was not the case in this situation, nor is it the case in many
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9
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9
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situations. What people need are good choices, not multitudes of
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mediocre
ones
that
create
more
misery.
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9
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In the concluding paragraph, you should drive your points home by
9
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9
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restating
what
youve
argued
in
a
clear
and
forceful
manner.
Summarizing
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9
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your points and taking them one step further is a good way to conclude
9
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9
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your essay. After finishing a draft, you should also take the time to review
9
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9
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your essay to make it as clear and precise as it can be.
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9
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9
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Step 3: Proofreading Your Essay
9
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9
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Take
a
few
minutes
to
review
what
youve
written.
Keeping
in
mind
the
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rules of grammar that youve learned, look for grammatical mistakes or
9
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9
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errors
in
spelling
or
punctuation
and
correct
them.
You
may
also
want
to
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replace
some
phrases
with
more
forceful
or
concise
wording.
Proofreading
9
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9
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is your opportunity to make the essay as effective as it can be, so dont be
9
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afraid
to
(neatly)
cross
out
words
and
replace
them
with
better
ones.
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Pacing
on
the
Essay
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9
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Assuming that you have 25 minutes for your essay, you should break
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down this time in the following manner:
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9
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Step
1,
Planning
about
5
minutes
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9
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Step 2, Writingroughly 15 minutes
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Step 3, Proofreadingabout 5 minutes
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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246 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Note

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A Few Final Words about Your Essay
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You have all the skills you need to write a persuasive essay. Here are a few
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final things to keep in mind while writing and proofreading your essay:
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1.
Be
as
concise
as
possible.
Remember
that
avoiding
wordiness
is
9
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9
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always a good thing in writingyours or someone elses. When
9
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9
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proofreading
your
essay,
look
for
ways
to
say
what
youve
said
in
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9
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the shortest, most elegant way possible.
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2.
Eliminate
sentences
or
phrases
that
are
redundant.
Dont
include
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9
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extra sentences just to make your essay appear longer. Chances are
9
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that that strategy wont fool your readers, and you want to make
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sure that every sentence adds something to your essay.
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3. Make sure that the voice you use is consistent. Its fine to use the
9
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9
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first-person I as in the paragraphs above, but make sure that
9
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whatever
voice
you
use
is
used
throughout
the
essay.
In
other
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9
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words, if you start out using I or one, dont switch to you half-way
9
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through
the
essay.
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4. Avoid using slang/use proper diction. To be on the safe side, avoid
9
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9
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using
slang
or
casual
word
choice.
Its
possible
that
you
will
get
a
9
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reader who finds the use of slang charming, but chances are that
9
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you
wont.
When
you
proofread
your
essay,
check
to
make
sure
9
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9
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that
your
word
choices
are
good.
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9
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5. Check for grammatical errors. Using your knowledge of grammar,
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usage, and word choice, you can proofread your essay.
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9
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9
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Colleges will be able to view and print your essay only if you send
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those
colleges
your
test
scores.
Different
colleges
will
use
your
9
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9
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writing score in different ways. Colleges may consider your score in
9
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admissions
decisions
or
for
placement
in
English
Composition
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9
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courses.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 247
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Take It to
the Next Level
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The Scoring Rubric for the SAT Essay
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The SAT essay is scored from 1 to 6 with 6 being the highest score. Two
9
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9
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readers will assess your essay and the scores will be combined, so your final
9
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score will range somewhere between 2 and 12. If the scores from the two
9
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readers differ by more than one point, a third scorer will read the essay. The
9
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two closest scores will then be used.
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9
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All the scorers read the essays against the same rubric developed by the
9
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9
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College
Board
and
the
Educational
Testing
Service,
which
administers
the
9
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9
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SAT.
This
rubric
guides
the
scorers
in
considering
overall
impression,
9
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9
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development, organization, diction, sentence structure, grammar, usage,
9
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and
mechanics.
The
score
guidelines
are
similar
to
the
following:
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Essay Scoring 6 (Outstanding)
9
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9
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Overall
impression:
develops
a
point
of
view
with
clarity
and
insight;
uses
9
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9
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excellent critical thinking in presenting the viewpoint; uses appropriate
9
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supporting
examples,
reasoning,
and
details
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9
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Organization: is well organized with a clear focus; coherent; clear and
9
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9
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orderly
progression
of
ideas
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9
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Diction: uses appropriate, varied, and accurate vocabulary for interest
9
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and clarity
9
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9
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Sentence structure: varies sentence structure
9
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9
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9
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Grammar,
usage,
mechanics:
is
almost
free
of
grammar,
usage,
and
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9
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mechanics errors
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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248

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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9
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Essay Scoring 5 (Effective)
9
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Overall
impression:
develops
viewpoint
effectively;
uses
strong
critical
9
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9
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thinking in presenting viewpoint; most examples, reasons, and details are
9
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9
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appropriate
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9
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9
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Organization: is well organized and focused; coherent; progression of
9
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9
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ideas
present
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9
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9
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Diction: demonstrates skill in the use of appropriate language
9
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9
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Sentence structure: varies sentence structure
9
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9
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9
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Grammar, usage, mechanics: is mostly free of grammar, usage, and
9
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9
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mechanics
errors
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9
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9
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Essay
Scoring
4
(Competent)
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9
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Overall impression: develops viewpoint; shows competent critical
9
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thinking; provides adequate support through the use of examples,
9
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9
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reasons, and details
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9
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9
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Organization: is mostly organized and focused; coherent for the most
9
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9
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part;
has
some
clear
progression
of
ideas
9
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9
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9
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Diction: is inconsistent in the use of appropriate vocabulary; is generally
9
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9
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adequate
9
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9
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9
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Sentence structure: uses some varied sentence structure
9
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9
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Grammar, usage, mechanics: makes some grammar, usage, and mechan9
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9
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ics
errors
9
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9
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9
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9
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Essay
Scoring
3
(Inadequate)
9
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Overall impression: develops a point of view; shows some use of critical
9
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9
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thinking; may be inconsistent in reasoning; may provide insufficient
9
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9
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support
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9
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Organization: shows limited organization or some lack of focus; some
9
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9
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lack
of
coherence
or
progression
of
ideas
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9
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9
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Diction:
shows
some
facility
in
language
use;
uses
weak
or
inappropriate
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9
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vocabulary
9
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9
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Sentence structure: uses little sentence variety; may have problems in use
9
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9
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of sentence structures
9
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9
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9
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Grammar, usage, mechanics: shows a number of grammar, usage, and
9
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9
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mechanics
errors
9
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9
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9 249
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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Essay Scoring 2 (Limited)
9
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Overall
impression:
develops
a
vague
or
limited
viewpoint;
weak
critical
9
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9
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thinking; uses inappropriate supporting evidence or too few examples to
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make
the
points
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Organization: poor or unfocused; serious weaknesses in coherence or
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progression
of
ideas
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Diction: shows little facility with language; limited word choice;
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inappropriate vocabulary
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Sentence structure: has numerous errors in sentence structure
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Grammar,
usage,
mechanics:
has
numerous
errors
in
grammar,
usage,
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and mechanics; interfere with meaning
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Essay Scoring 1 (Fundamentally Flawed)
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Overall impression: has no point of view on the issue or offers little or no
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support for the point of view
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Organization: lacks organization or focus; incoherent; no progression
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of ideas
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Diction: has basic errors in the use of vocabulary
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Sentence
structure:
has
serious
problems
with
sentence
structure
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Grammar, usage, mechanics: has numerous errors in grammar, usage,
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and mechanics interfering with meaning
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Note that a score of 0 will be given if an essay is not based on the writing
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prompt.
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Read the rubric several times. As you practice writing essays for the SAT,
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keep
this
rubric
in
mind.
When
you
write
each
essay,
try
to
focus
on
one
or
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two
qualities
of
good
writing
as
measured
by
the
rubric.
After
you
have
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finished writing your essay, come back to the rubric and see how your essay
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measures
up.
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9
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250 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Take It to the Next Level

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Use the following tables to help you. Give yourself anywhere from 1 to 6 points for
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each
quality
of
good
writing.
Then
divide
the
total
by
5
to
get
your
score.
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Practice
Test
1
Practice
Test
2
Practice
Test
3
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Overall
Overall
Overall
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impression
impression
impression
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Organization
Organization
Organization
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Diction
Diction
Diction
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Sentence structure
Sentence structure
Sentence structure
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Grammar,
usage,
Grammar,
usage,
Grammar,
usage,
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mechanics
mechanics
mechanics
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Total points:
Total points:
Total points:
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Divide by 5 final
Divide by 5 final
Divide by 5 final
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score:
score:
score:
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Practicing
Your
Essay
Skills
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Use the following two essays as practice and as a guide to writing an
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effective
essay.
First,
read
the
writing
prompt
and
then
write
an
essay
to
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answer it. Simulate the actual test and give yourself 25 minutes to read the
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question,
plan,
and
write
your
essay.
Then
read
the
two
sample
responses
9
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for
each
essay
and
the
critique
of
each.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 251
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Essay 1A
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Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assign9
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ment that follows it.
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Topic:
Were
the
good
old
days
actually
all
that
good?
We
must
remember
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that people living in the nineteenth century did not have all the modern
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conveniences that make our lives easier. There were no airplanes or cars, no
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washing machines, no television, and no computers. Therefore, it is better
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to live today, in the modern world, than it was to live in the days of
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horse-drawn carriages.
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9
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Assignment: What is your opinion of the idea that it is better to live today
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than it was to live in the nineteenth century? Plan and write an essay that
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develops
your
ideas
logically.
Support
your
opinion
with
specific
evidence
9
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taken from your personal experience, your observations of others, or your
9
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reading.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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252 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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Answers
and
Explanations
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Sample Essay 1A
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I
prefer
to
be
living
today
rather
than
when
my
grandparents
were
born
in
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9
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the last century or before that even. Today young people can really enjoy
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themselves they have TV and movies and all sorts of entertainment. Not like
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long ago when all you did all day was work and then at night you were to
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tired to do anything accept sleep.
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Today we have greater opportunities to do things and to get ahead. There is
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less
prejudism
against
people
because
of
there
race
or
color
or
religion.
You
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can go to more kinds of colleges like a two year school or a four year school
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and
there
are
even
many
programs
to
help
you
if
you
are
financially
unable
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9
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to pay the tuition costs and payments.
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I
dont
believe
that
the
good
old
days
were
really
that
good.
Im
very
happy
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to be living today in today world. These are the good days.
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Analysis of Sample Essay 1A
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1. There is a sense of organization. The essay is divided into three
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paragraphsan introduction, a development, and a conclusion.
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2. The author attempts to stick to the topic and provide examples.
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3.
Although
there
are
technical
errors
in
the
third
paragraph,
the
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conclusion provides an interesting summary.
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4.
There
are
some
problems
with
sentence
structure
but
the
writer
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attempts to vary sentences.
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5. There are serious errors with grammar, usage, and punctuation.
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Suggestions for Improvement
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1. The essay lacks clarity and is wordy. The opening sentence could have
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been concluded after born. In the second paragraph, the first
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sentence is vague; to do things and to get ahead should be
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explained
and
clarified.
The
third
sentence
of
the
second
paragraph
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needs to be tightened: There are two- and four-year colleges with
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various
programs
to
assist
those
in
financial
need.
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2. There are sentence structure problems. The second sentence of the first
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paragraph
is
a
run-on
sentence.
A
period
should
follow
themselves.
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The sentence that follows is a fragment. Not like long ago could be
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changed
to
add
clarity
and
also
to
provide
a
subject
for
the
sentence:
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This is different from times past when all people did. . . .
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3. There are several errors in word choice. In the last sentence of the first
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paragraph, to tired should be changed to too tired, and accept should
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be except. In the second sentence of the second paragraph, prejudism
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should be prejudice and there should be their.
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4. There is an error in the use of the possessive form. In the second
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sentence
of
the
third
paragraph,
today
world
should
be
todays
world.
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5. The ideas could have been better developed had the writer used one
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paragraph
for
each
idea
that
he
or
she
introduced
in
paragraph
2.
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9
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254 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Take It to the Next Level

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Sample Essay 1B
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Someone once said that for everything you gain you have to give up
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something. I agree. We gained the subway, but we have to put up with being
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crowded like sardines and herded like cattle, being pushed and shoved. We
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gained
large
buildings
and
big
cities,
but
we
lost
our
privacy
and
we
are
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forced to live in little cubby holes. We gained airplanes and automobiles and
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with
it
comes
all
the
dirty
air
and
pollution.
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People in the nineteenth century worked hard and didnt have time to relax
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but
maybe
they
got
real
pleasure
from
their
work.
At
least
they
ate
the
food
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that they grew and werent concerned about all the chemicals and sprays
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and
sickness
that
came
from
the
fruit
and
vegetables.
Maybe
they
developed
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a real feeling of accomplishment too.
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They didnt have TV or radios but they had good neighbors and they would
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enjoy visiting with friends and family. We gained television but we lost the
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ability to have a good conversation and to enjoy the company of other
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people.
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Every century has its good points and its problems. I dont want to go back
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to
living
in
the
1800s
but
I
do
feel
that
we
could
learn
from
the
way
they
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lived.
Maybe
we
could
adopt
some
of
their
customs
and
bring
some
of
the
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good old days into todays world.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Analysis of Sample Essay 1B
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1. There is an excellent four-paragraph organization. The introduction is
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fully developed with several pertinent illustrations. The body provides
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several additional points that support the writers contention. The
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conclusion
is
a
thought-provoking
summary
of
the
essay.
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2.
The
use
of
contrast
between
past
and
present
provides
a
fine
frame
for
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the essay. The theme of gain and loss is carried through with
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appropriate illustrations and a mature vocabulary.
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3. There are no errors in sentence structure. The writer uses both simple
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and complex sentences effectively.
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4. There is a consistent comma error, but no other mechanics errors.
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Suggestions
for
Improvements
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1. The second sentence of the opening paragraph seems ineffective in the
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context
of
so
many
mature
comments.
It
could
be
rewritten:
This
is
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especially
true
in
comparing
our
world
with
the
world
of
our
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grandparents.
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2.
There
is
a
problem
with
pronouns
and
antecedents;
this
results
in
a
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lack of clarity. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the singular
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pronoun it is incorrect since it does not agree with the plural
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airplanes and automobiles. It would be better to write: We gained
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airplanes and automobiles, but with modern means of travel we must
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suffer dirty air and pollution. So too, the second sentence of the
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9
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concluding paragraph could be rewritten to clarify the pronoun,
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they: . . . but I do feel that we could learn from the way our
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grandparents
lived.
This
change
clarifies
the
use
of
the
pronoun
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their in the subsequent sentence.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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256 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Take It to the Next Level

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Essay 2A
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Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assign9
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ment that follows it.
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Topic: Our government is spending millions of dollars in the area of space
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exploration.
This
expenditure
represents
a
misdirection
of
funds.
It
would
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be far better to use these funds to improve our own society and to upgrade
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our
living
conditions.
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Assignment: What is your opinion of the idea that government funds should
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not be spent on space exploration but used for domestic purposes? Plan and
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write an essay that develops your ideas logically. Support your opinion with
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specific evidence taken from your personal experience, your observations of
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others, or your reading.
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Answers
and
Explanations
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Sample Essay 2A
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I
can
see
the
point
of
those
who
say
that
this
expenditure
represents
a
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misdirecting of funds. However, I feel it is necessary for humans to explore
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the stars and outer space in order to acquire more knowledge of the
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universe. Humans have always tried to learn more, even when it gets them
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in trouble. Wouldnt it be terrible if we bother some aliens and get destroyed
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by strange creatures who dont want us bothering them?
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Anyhow, it is still important to send up rockets and space capsules to
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explore. The pictures we got to see and rock samples that come back are
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also
fascinating.
Someday
maybe
people
will
travel
to
far
off
countries
and
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set up new civilizations. This would be a good chance to eliminate some of
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the
overcrowded
life
on
earth.
We
could
also
learn
alot
about
what
kind
of
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gas or air, or surface other places have. This might help us back on earth
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too. The space program is also good for peoples egos. It also may take their
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minds
off
of
problems
in
our
own
world,
which
is
not
so
bad.
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We are spending far too much money on space travel and space exploration.
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As the question points out it would be far better to use these funds to help
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improve our own society and better our living conditions here on earth.
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Take It to the Next Level

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Analysis of Sample Essay 2A
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1. There are several weaknesses in the essay. First, the writer does not
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take a clear stand. Does this student support or reject the thesis that
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space travel is of value and should be funded by the government? The
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first
paragraph
presents
both
views.
The
second
paragraph
basically
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supports the need for space exploration. The third paragraph, the
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concluding
one,
rejects
this
view,
pointing
out
that
too
much
money
is
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needlessly spent on space travel and space exploration. The essay
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tends
to
be
confusing
and
disorganized.
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2. The essay also contains many weaknesses in technical English.
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Problems
in
spelling
and
diction
appear
throughout
(humans
instead
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of human beings in the third sentence of the first paragraph; alot
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instead of a lot in the fifth sentence of the second paragraph; off of
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instead of off in the eighth sentence of the second paragraph). There
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are several awkward and ill-phrased sentences. In the second
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paragraph, the first sentence ends with the infinitive to explore, but
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lacks an object of the infinitive. The second sentence of the second
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paragraph has a poorly ended verb clause. A better sentence would be,
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The pictures and rock samples that came back to use . . . . The word
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good
is
used
three
times
in
the
second
paragraph
and
should
be
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replaced by more specific words, such as valuable or important.
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3.
The
writer
appears
to
understand
the
basic
elements
of
essay
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organization, and the essay contains an introduction referring to the
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question,
a
development
of
supporting
details,
and
a
summarizing
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conclusion. Unfortunately, the lack of coherence strongly detracts
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from
the
value
of
the
piece.
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9 259
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Sample Essay 2B
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In our own country we have so many people who are unemployed and
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without jobs. Their families are without proper shelter and often dont have
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the money to buy the necessary food and clothing. If we took a portion of
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this
money
and
provided
employment
for
the
jobless
and
homes
for
the
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homeless we would be doing our citizens a service. We could also use this
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money
to
develop
research
in
medicine
and
find
the
cures
for
fatal
diseases
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like cancer and HIV. Then we would be using our money correctly. What
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good
is
it
to
read
about
a
flight
to
the
moon
when
you
are
hungry
or
out
of
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work.
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I
know
that
many
people
say
that
we
have
to
be
first
in
everything.
That
our
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national pride demands it. If we spend millions of dollars, we should be
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proud of the achievements of our scientists. Also we learn so many things
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about our vast universe and the world in which we live in.
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Does this make good sense. I think that Charity begins at home. Lets not
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worry about whats happening on the moon. Lets be more concerned about
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whats
happening
here
on
the
earth.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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260 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 6: The SAT Writing SectionWhere Grammar Rules Rule

Take It to the Next Level

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Analysis of Sample Essay 2B
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1. The writer has a point of view that is clear and consistent.
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2. Paragraph 1 provides excellent examples to support what is evidently
9
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the
writers
position:
that
the
money
for
space
exploration
should
be
9
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9
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used on earth to help society. (See under Suggestions for Improve9
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ment
for
the
major
flaw
in
this
paragraph.)
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3. The conclusion provides a summary and reinforces the writers point
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of
view.
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Suggestions for Improvement
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1. The author of this essay appears to have begun the essay in the middle.
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There is no introductory paragraph stating the issue or the writers
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position. In the middle of the first paragraph the writer refers to this
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money,
but
the
reader
doesnt
know
what
this
money
is.
While
you
9
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9
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dont need to restate the question word for word, you do need to
9
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include
it
in
your
introduction
to
provide
the
reader
with
a
frame
of
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reference.
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2.
Unfortunately,
the
many
errors
in
punctuation,
grammar,
and
usage
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seriously reduce the effectiveness of the essay and would doubtless
9
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lower
the
grade
considerably.
The
writer
should
try
to
eliminate
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redundancies
such
as
unemployed
and
without
jobs.
End-stop
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punctuation is weak. The author uses periods instead of question
9
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marks to conclude the interrogative sentence in the last sentence of the
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first paragraph and the first sentence of the concluding paragraph.
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There is no reason to capitalize Charity (in the second sentence of
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the third paragraph), and although Lets is spelled correctly in the
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fourth sentence of the third paragraph, the necessary apostrophe is
9
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omitted in the same word in the preceding sentence. A careful
9
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proofreading
of
the
essay
might
have
helped
the
writer
to
locate
and
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correct many of these errors.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 261
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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More
Practice
Essays
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For more practice, use the following quotations as writing prompts. Dont
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forget to:
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Set a timer for 25 minutes
9
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Read each prompt
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Decide whether you agree or disagree with it
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Then
plan
and
write
an
essay
within
the
25
minutes
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Score it against the rubric on pages 248251, use the free essay scorer
9
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9
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on your CD, or use Petersons satessayedge service (www.petersons.
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9
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com/satessayedge). For more information, see the ad at the back of
9
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this book.
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1. Life is not a spectacle or a feast; it is a predicament.
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2. There is only one thing age can give you, and that is wisdom
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3.
Not
to
know
is
bad;
not
to
wish
to
know
is
worse.
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4. Public employees should not have the right to strike.
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5. Every young American should serve the nation, either in the armed
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forces or in community service.
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9
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And
now
for
a
final
congratulations!
Youre
well
prepared
to
tackle
all
9
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9
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sections of the Writing test! Put down your grammar book and pick up your
9
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9
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calculator.
Mathematics
is
next.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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262 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter

7
Math Section
Enough Said
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If f(Chapter) = A Bunch of Numbers, Then This
9
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Is the Math Section
9
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9
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The
first
thing
we
need
to
do
is
clear
away
a
few
misconceptions.
Just
as
the
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9
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SAT
is
not
a
measure
of
your
intelligence,
the
SAT
Math
section
is
not
an
9
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9
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indication of your IQ, or even your math IQ. In fact, your performance on
9
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9
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the SAT Math section is not even a precise indicator of your general math
9
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9
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abilities. Some students who are not math whizzes in high school math
9
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9
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classes ace the SAT Math section, and some students who have a 4.0 in high
9
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school math do not score as well as they would like on it. Its certainly true
9
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9
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that being a good math student helps, but being a good math student and
9
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9
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scoring well on the SAT Math section are not the same thing.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Scoring well on the SAT Math section means you are good at SAT Math,
9
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9
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nothing
more,
nothing
less.
And
being
good
at
SAT
Math
is
only
important
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
because
many
colleges
like
to
use
the
SAT
as
part
of
their
admissions
9
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9
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criteria. Where you want to go to college plays a big part in determining
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
how
important
the
SAT
Math
section
is
for
you.
If
you
are
planning
on
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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applying to engineering schools, for instance, a high math score may be
9
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9
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more
important
than
if
you
want
to
study
English
at
a
liberal
arts
college.
In
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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either case, colleges and universities do weigh the total score, so you should
9
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9
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try your best on all three sections.
9
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9
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9
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The
New
SAT
9
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9
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9
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There are two basic changes to the Math section on the new SAT. The first is
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9
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that one of the three question types is going the way of the dinosaurs. The
9
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9
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old Math section included multiple choice, student-produced responses,
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9
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and quantitative comparisons. The new Math section will only include
9
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multiple choice and student-produced responses. For many reasons, the
9
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9
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9
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263

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

Note

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9
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9
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9
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SAT test-makers decided to get rid of Quantitative Comparisons, so you
9
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9
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dont
have
to
worry
about
them.
(Unless,
of
course,
you
love
the
SAT
so
9
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9
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much you want to know what it used to be like.)
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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Pacing
9
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Spend
about
a
minute
on
every
question
on
the
first
pass.
If
you
arent
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9
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getting anywhere in that time, move on and hit that problem again on
9
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your second pass.
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9
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The second change in the Math section is more important: more math
9
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9
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concepts are being tested on the new test. On the old SAT you had to know
9
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a little algebra, a little geometry, and some basic number properties. On the
9
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9
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new SAT you will need to know all the things from the old SAT plus some
9
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9
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more advanced geometry, a little algebra II, and a new grab bag of math
9
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concepts just to keep things interesting.
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On
the
whole,
the
new
expanded
topics
are
more
complex
and
sophisticated
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9
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than the old basic set of required knowledge. Dont run screaming into the
9
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9
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hills
yet,
though.
Just
because
the
number
of
topics
is
expanding
and
the
com9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
plexity
of
the
topics
is
increasing
does
not
mean
that
the
Math
section
is
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9
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actually going to be harder. Remember, the average score still has to be 500.
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The problems on the Math section get harder as the section progresses.
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9
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Awareness
of
this
order
of
difficulty
is
very
important
on
the
two
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9
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multiple-choice Math sections. On the second problem in a section,
9
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answers that are easy to find are probably right, since that question
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appears early and, as such, is an easy question. Throughout this
9
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9
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section,
sample
questions
will
be
based
on
a
hypothetical
21-question
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9
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Math section.
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9
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9
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Solving difficult problems on the old test involved knowledge of simple
9
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9
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math
concepts,
multiple
steps,
and
a
good
dash
of
cleverness.
These
9
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9
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convoluted, multi-step problems were no walk in the park. (Ask someone
9
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9
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older
about
how
easy
the
old
Math
section
was.)
The
new
Math
section
will
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9
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still have some difficult questions that involve the simpler concepts, but it
9
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9
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will also use the more sophisticated expanded topics to make questions
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9
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harder.
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The good news is that the problems involving knowledge of the harder
9
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9
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topics wont demand clever techniques to solve as well. Basically, the old
9
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9
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test
made
questions
harder
by
expecting
you
to
do
ingenious
things
with
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9
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264 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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9
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simple concepts. The new test will make things harder by expecting you to
9
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9
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do
straightforward
things
with
harder
concepts.
Therefore,
if
you
grasp
the
9
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9
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more sophisticated topics, then you should be in good shape to do really
9
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9
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well
on
the
new
SAT.
If
some
of
the
more
sophisticated
topics
elude
you,
you
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9
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can still do well by mastering the basic materials. The bulk of this chapter is
9
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9
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devoted to making sure you have a good grounding in both of these arenas,
9
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9
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the
old
topics
and
the
new.
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9
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9
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Your
Gear
9
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9
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There are two aids for test day: your calculator and the formula chart. You
9
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9
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bring
your
calculator
and
the
SAT
provides
the
formula
chart.
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9
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9
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9
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A
Calculator
Is
Only
as
Accurate
as
the
Fingers
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9
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Punching the Buttons
9
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9
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The SAT would be a breeze if all the problems were just computation
9
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9
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problems like 5235 4 2.6. You could just punch the numbers into your
9
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calculator and let it spit out the right answer. Of course, there wont be any
9
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9
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problems that easy on the SAT. You will be expected to do a few steps of
9
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9
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math reasoning before you get to the step where you pull out your
9
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9
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calculator.
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9
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9
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PEMDAS
problems
are
the
closest
thing
you
will
see
to
a
straight
9
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9
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computation problem. PEMDAS is an easy to way to remember a confusing
9
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9
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math
idea.
It
means:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(Parentheses Exponents) (Multiplication Division) (Addition Subtraction)
9
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9
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That is the order in which you do math operations when a problem requires
9
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9
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you
to
perform
multiple
math
operations.
First,
simplify
what
is
inside
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9
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parentheses. Next, simplify all the exponents. After that do the multiplica9
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9
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tion
and
division,
then
finally
any
addition
and
subtraction.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Here is an example of a problem where applying PEMDAS correctly is
9
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9
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essential.
9
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9
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2
9
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~3 1 4! @~2!~5 2 2!# 5
9
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9
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Parentheses first:
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9
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2
2
9
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3
1
4
2
5
2
2
5
7
2
3
~
!
~
!~
!
~
!
~
!~
!
@
#
@
#
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Then exponents:
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9
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2
9
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7
2
3
5
49
2
3
~
!
~
!~
!
~
!~
!
@
#
@
#
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 265
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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9
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9
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Finally, multiplication:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
49@~2!~3!# 5 ~49!~6! 5 294
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If you didnt follow PEMDAS and did exponents before parentheses, you
9
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9
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would
have
ended
up
with
a
different,
wrong
answer.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
~3 1 4 !@~2!~5 2 2!# 5 ~9 1 16!@~2!~3!# 5 25@~2!~3!# 5 150
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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For
harder
problems,
the
key
will
be
to
set
up
and
manipulate
9
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9
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equations properly. Once thats done, you can use your calculator.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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In solving all problems, it is a good idea to write your work out. First, it
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
makes
things
a
lot
less
complicated
because
you
dont
have
to
do
a
bajillion
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
steps in your head at once. And this, of course, will make it less likely that
9
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9
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you
will
make
a
careless
mistake.
Second,
if
you
write
your
work
out,
it
is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
easier
to
catch
a
mistake.
For
instance,
if
the
answer
you
came
up
with
is
not
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one of the answer choices, you can review your written work to catch any
9
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9
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careless
errors.
But
if
you
did
all
the
work
in
your
head,
you
wont
have
9
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9
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CAT scans to review your brain waves and catch your misstep.
9
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9
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There are three kinds of calculators you can use on the new SAT:
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A four-function calculator adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

A
scientific
calculatorperforms
radicals,
exponents,
etc.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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A graphing calculatordisplays graphs on screen.
9
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9
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9
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You CANNOT use a calculator that prints out calculations, has a
9
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9
typewriter keypad, or makes any noises. As you might expect, you also cant
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
bring a laptop or anything that needs to be plugged into the wall.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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The best idea is to use a calculator you are comfortable working with. You
9
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9
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9
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dont want to eat up precious test-taking time by looking for the =
9
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9
symbol. You might think that a snazzier graphing calculator will help you
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
more than a simple four-function one, but the SAT just isnt designed to give
9
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9
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an advantage to anyone with a fancy calculator. You can actually solve all
9
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9
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the problems on the SAT without a calculator. Calculators just make getting
9
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9
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the answer a little faster and easier.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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266 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

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9
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9
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9
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9
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Whats the Volume of a Cylinder Again?
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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At the beginning of every Math section there is a set of formulas that show
9
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9
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you how to determine the area of a circle or the volume of a cube. These
9
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formulas are the ones that the SAT tests the most, so it is nice to have them
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
handy
at
the
front
of
each
section.
This
chapter
will
go
over
all
these
formu9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
las. You will save time on the test if you commit them to memory. This way
9
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9
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youll
avoid
flipping
back
to
the
front
of
the
section
for
every
other
problem.
9
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9
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However, if on test day youre not entirely confident about the side relation9
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9
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ships
of
a
30-60-90
triangle,
its
nice
to
know
that
you
can
look
this
up.
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9
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9
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You might take all three Math sections and never once use either the
9
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9
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formulas
at
the
front
of
the
section
or
your
calculator.
Thats
fine.
Realize,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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though, that you have these two tools at your disposal. Experiment with
9
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9
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them, and when you take the sample Math sections in the back of this book,
9
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9
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try to use them whenever possible. The more techniques, tools, and
9
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9
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strategies you have, the better your chances are of finding a way to answer
9
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9
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the math questions.
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9
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About Those Math Questions . . .
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As stated earlier, the new Math section will contain two question types:
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multiple choice and student-produced response. You are probably very
9
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9
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familiar with the multiple-choice format by now, so there is no need to go
9
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over it. Student-produced response, on the other hand, might sound a little
9
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9
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vague and unclear.
9
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9
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9
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The
reality
is
very
simple.
Student-produced
response
just
means
you
give
the
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9
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answer, instead of picking it from a list of multiple-choice answers. Undoubt9
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9
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edly,
you
have
taken
math
tests
in
school
where
you
had
to
produce
the
answer
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9
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yourself. Most likely, you wrote your answer down on a sheet of paper.
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9
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The sheet of paper route wont work on the SAT. Instead, student9
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9
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produced responses are placed on a grid-in answer sheet. If youve never
9
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9
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done this before, some explanation of proper gridding-in is required. Its
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9
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better to learn it now than on test day.
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9
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9
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The bulk of the problems on the Math section will be multiple choice, not
9
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9
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student-produced response. This is good news, since guessing a right
9
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answer for a student-produced response is practically impossible, while
9
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9
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your
chances
are
much
better
on
a
multiple-choice
problem.
Review
the
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9
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one question-one solution discussion in chapter 2 to see why multiple9
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9
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choice
problems
are
preferable
to
student-produced
responses.
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9
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9
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9 267
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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Here is what you will see on the answer sheet on the student-produced
9
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9
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responses:
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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O O
9
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O O O O
9
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9
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O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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O
O
O
O
9
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O O O O
9
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9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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O
O
O
O
9
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O O O O
9
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9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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9
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5
9
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Here is how you would grid in , 3.4, and 409.
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11
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9
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4 0 9
4 0 9
3 . 4
5 / 1 1
9
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9
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O O
O O
O
O

O
9
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O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O O O O
9
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9
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O O
O O
O O O
O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
O O O O
O O
9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
O O O
O O O O
9
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O O O
O O O
O O O
O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
O O O O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
O O O O
O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
O O O O
O O O O
9
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O O O
O O O
O O O O
O O O O
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Points About Grid-Ins
9
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9
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1. Only mark one oval in each column.
9
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9
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2. The answer sheets are machine scored, so only answers with correctly
9
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9
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marked
ovals
will
receive
credit.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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3. Its a good idea to write your answer in the boxes above the grid to
9
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9
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help you fill in the ovals accurately. This is not a requirement, but a
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9
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helpful practice.
9
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9
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4. There might be more than one answer to a grid-in problem. If you
9
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9
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notice
this
in
solving
a
problem,
dont
fret
about
which
one
to
put
9
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9
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down. Just put down one of the correct answers because all correct
9
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9
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answers
are
acceptable.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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5. Theres no way to record a negative number. Therefore, no correct
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer
will
be
negative.
If
you
get
a
negative
answer,
go
back
to
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
drawing board.
9
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9
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268 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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/

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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9
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1
9
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6. Mixed numbers like 3 must be recorded as either an improper
9
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4
9
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9
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13
9
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fraction, , or as a decimal, 3.25. Either the fraction or the decimal is
9
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4
9
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1
9
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acceptable, but 3 is not. Since gridding in mixed numbers is a bit
9
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4
9
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9
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tricky, you can expect at least one mixed number answer.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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7. If you get a decimal answer with a lot of digits, fill in the most accurate
9
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9
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value the grid will allow. For example, if you get the answer 0.34567,
9
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9
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record the answer as .345 or .346. If you dont fill in as many spaces as
9
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9
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possible, for instance by answering .34 or .35, your answer will be
9
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wrong. (Notice on these examples that both the rounded and
9
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9
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truncated responses are acceptable.)
9
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9
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9
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8. Responses involving either fractions or decimals can be gridded in as
9
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9
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either.
For
example,
either
of
the
following
is
an
acceptable
way
to
grid
9
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9
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in 0.5.
9
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9
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9
1 / 2
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. 5
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O
O O
9
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9
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O O O O
O O O
9
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O O O
O O O
9
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9
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O O O
O O O O
9
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O O O
O O O O
9
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O
O
O
O
O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
9
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9
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O O O O
O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
9
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O
O
O
O
O O O O
9
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O O O O
O O O O
9
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9
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O O O O
O O O O
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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That is a lot to take in at one time. But once you work through the examples
9
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9
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in the text and take the practice tests, you should be comfortable with
9
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9
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student-produced response questions.
9
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9
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Numbers, Variables, Circles, and all that Other
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Math Stuff
9
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9
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The new SAT places all math questions into one of the following four
9
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9
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categories:
9
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9
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9
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1. Numbers and Operations
9
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9
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2. Algebra and Functions
9
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9
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9
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3. Geometry and Measurement
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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4. Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability
9
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9
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9 269
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
/

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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There are different ways to describe general math categories, but since these
9
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9
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are
the
four
categories
the
College
Board
uses,
these
are
the
four
areas
this
9
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9
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book will use. The rest of this chapter will cover the basic and the Take it to
9
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9
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the
Next
Level
topics
in
each
category
to
help
you
answer
SAT
math
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9
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questions correctly.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Numbers and Operations
9
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9
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SAT arithmetic is all about how numbers work. The fancy phrase for this is,
9
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9
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number
properties.
There
are
a
lot
of
detailed
number
properties
that
the
9
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9
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SAT likes to test, finer points like, Is 1 a prime number? If you dont
9
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9
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know
this
answer
definitively,
read
on.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Math
Speak
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9
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Math folks like math words because they have precise definitions. The SAT
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
test writers like math words because they like to test if you understand those
9
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9
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precise definitions. Fortunately, a precise definition is not necessarily a hard
9
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definition. In fact, almost all the math words on the SAT have pretty simple
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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definitions. It is just a matter of knowing them well enough to be able to
9
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9
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work problems with them.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Common
Math
Speak
Terms
9
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9
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1. Integer
9
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9
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Integers
are
like
the
numbers
that
you
count
with,
such
as
1,
14,
and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
28,
but
also
include
0
and
negatives
of
the
counting
numbers.
9
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9
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Consecutive integers are integers that follow in sequence, like 19, 20,
9
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9
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and
21
or
22,
21,
0,
1.
If
you
want
to
get
math
fancy,
and
sometimes
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the SAT expects you to, you can represent consecutive integers like
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this, n, n 1 1, n 1 2, and so on. If you plug in any integer for n, you
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
will generate a sequence of consecutive integers.
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9
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2. Odd and Even
9
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9
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Odd
numbers
cannot
be
evenly
divided
by
2
while
even
numbers
can
9
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9
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be evenly divided by 2. 29, 5, and 13 are examples of odd numbers,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
218,
4,
and
102
are
examples
of
even
numbers.
Tuck
it
away
in
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your brain that zero is an even number, since 0 4 2 5 0.
9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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270 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Working
with
Evens
and
Odds
9
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9
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Addition
9
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9
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9
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even 1 even 1 even
9
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9
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even 1 odd 5 odd
9
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9
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odd
1
odd
5
even
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9
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9
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Multiplication
9
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9
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even
3
even
5
even
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9
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even 3 odd 5 even
9
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9
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odd 3 odd 5 odd
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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If you ever forget one of these rules you can always just plug in
9
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9
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numbers to remind yourself.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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3. Prime Numbers
9
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9
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These
are
numbers
divisible
only
by
themselves
and
1.
Heres
the
list:
9
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9
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2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, and so on. Notice that 1 is not a prime
9
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9
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number and 2 is the only even prime number.
9
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9
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4. Digits
9
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The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 are all the digits. Distinct
9
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9
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digits are two digits that are not the same. 7 and 4 are distinct digits,
9
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9
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but 6 and 6 are NOT.
9
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9
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9
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5.
Quotient
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9
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This is the end result after you divide two numbers. 4 is the quotient of
9
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9
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12
4
3.
Not
every
two
numbers
divide
evenly,
which
is
why
you
might
9
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9
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have
a
.
.
.
9
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9
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9
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6. Remainder
9
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9
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This is what is left over when a number is not divisible by another
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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number. When you divide 5 by 2, you get: 5 4 2 5 2 remainder 1.
9
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9
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7.
Product
9
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9
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The end result after you multiply two numbers together. 10 is the
9
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9
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product
of
2
3
5.
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9
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9
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8. Factor
9
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9
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Factors
are
whole
numbers
that
multiply
to
give
another
whole
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
number.
Since
2
times
6
equals
12,
2
and
6
are
factors
of
12.
(3
and
4
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are also factors of 12.)
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 271
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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9. Multiple
9
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9
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You
start
with
a
number,
and
then
begin
to
multiply
it
by
positive
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
whole numbers. All these products (a previous term) are multiples of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
original
number.
For
example,
5,
10,
15,
20
are
the
first
few
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
multiples of 5.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now
that
all
these
terms
are
swirling
around
in
your
skull,
heres
an
SAT
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem heavy on the Math Speak:
9
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9
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9
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6. What is the difference between the number of positive integer factors
9
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9
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of
12
and
the
number
of
positive
integer
factors
of
8?
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(A)
0
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9
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(B) 2
9
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9
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(C) 4
9
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9
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(D)
6
9
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9
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(E) 8
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In a problem like this, the difficulty is figuring out what is being asked.
9
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9
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Difference means you are subtracting two things, but what exactly are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you subtracting? To figure this out, you need to discover the number of
9
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9
positive integer factors of 12 and the number of positive integer factors of 8.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Then you can subtract these two numbers.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
How
many
positive
integer
factors
of
12
are
there?
The
factors
are:
1
3
12,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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2 3 6 , 3 3 4, which adds up to 6. How about for 8? 1 3 8, 2 3 4. This adds
9
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9
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up
to
4.
The
difference
between
6
and
4
is
2,
choice
(B).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Once you sort through the vocabulary, the problem becomes so simple you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
could
ask
a
preschooler
for
the
answer
to
6
minus
4.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8.
9
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1D
9
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9
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1
2
D
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9
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3 E
9
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9
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9
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If
in
the
above
addition
problem
D
and
E
are
distinct
digits,
how
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
many possible values of D are there?
9
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9
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9
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(A)
Zero
9
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9
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(B) Two
9
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9
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(C) Four
9
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9
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(D) Five
9
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9
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(E) Nine
9
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9
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9
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272 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Unpack the math terminology first. D and E are distinct digits, which means
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that
they
are
0
through
9
and
do
not
equal
each
other.
Now
look
at
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
addition problem. In the ones column, D 1 D could equal E or 1E.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
D
1
D
5
E,
because
there
is
not
a
one
carried
over
to
the
tens
column.
You
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
know this because the tens column equals three and not four.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
From
D
1
D
5
E
you
can
also
see
that
E
must
be
an
even
digit
because
two
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equal digits cannot add up to an odd number. This means E could be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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8, 6, 4, 2, which means D could be 4, 3, 2, 1. D cant be zero because if it
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
were D and E wouldnt be distinct. The answer is four, choice (C).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The last two problems were in the easy-medium range of difficulty. To see
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
how math terms show up on harder problems, take a look at the following
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem.
This
problem
is
typical
of
the
way
the
old
SAT
used
to
make
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problems tough, and chances are good you will still encounter one or two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
hard
math
problems
similar
to
this
one.
9
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9
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9
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9
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a c e
9
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1 1 ...
21.
9
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b d f
9
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9
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If the above series is filled with positive consecutive increasing
9
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9
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integers
starting
with
a,
such
that
a
.
b
.
c
.
d
.
e
.
f,
then
which
9
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9
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e
9
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of the following is less than ?
9
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f
9
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9
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a
1
1
9
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(A)
9
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a
9
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9
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(B) a
9
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9
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9
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a13
9
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(C)
9
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a
1
4
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9
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a14
9
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9
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(D)
9
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a15
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9
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(E) None of the above.
9
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9
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9
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The phrase positive consecutive increasing integers seems difficult, but
9
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9
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unpacking it one term at a time takes the sting out of it. Positive means the
9
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9
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numbers are greater than zero. Consecutive numbers are in order like 3, 4,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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and 5. Increasing means the numbers are going up, and you know what
9
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integer means. Putting that together, the series starts with an integer at a,
9
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9
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and each succeeding letter increases by one integer. This means that b 5 a 1
9
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9
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1,
and
c
5
a
1
2.
Seeing
this,
you
can
rewrite
all
the
terms
in
the
series
in
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
e a14
9
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. Doing this is helpful since the
terms of a, including e divided by f, 5
9
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f a15
9
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9
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answer choices are all written in that manner.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 273
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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9
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9
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Now lets look at those answer choices. Choices (A) and (B) are too great
9
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9
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e
e
9
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because
they
are
greater
than
1,
which
isnt.
Choice
(D)
equals
,
so
its
not
9
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f
f
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
what
youre
looking
for.
If
you
plug
in
numbers
that
fit
the
criteria,
a
5
2
for
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
example, you will see that choice (C) is the answer.
9
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9
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9
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Plugging in numbers from the get-go would have been another way to solve
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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this problem. Once you unpacked the terminology, you could have made a 5 2,
9
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or 3, or some other small integer since you dont want to make the computa9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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tions too hard. Then you could have plugged in numbers for all the other
9
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9
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variables.
If
you
dont
mess
up
the
math,
you
would
get
to
choice
(C)
again.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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There
might
even
be
other
ways
to
solve
this
problem.
Never
forget
that
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
there is usually more than one way to answer any SAT math problem. If you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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cant figure it out one way, try a different approach.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Fractions and Decimals
9
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9
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Fractions
and
decimals
are
two
related,
slightly
different
ways
to
talk
about
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
parts
of
a
whole.
For
instance,
if
5
of
10
pieces
of
a
pizza
have
been
eaten,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
1
9
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then
or
of
the
pizza
is
gone.
You
could
also
say
that
0.50
of
the
pizza
is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
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gone. You are saying the same thing because 5 0.50. The SAT will expect
9
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2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
to
understand
fractions
and
decimals
and
how
they
relate.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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a
9
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A fraction is a number made up of two integers and it looks like this . The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b
9
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number
on
top,
a,
is
called
the
numerator,
and
the
number
on
the
bottom,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b, is called the denominator.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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An
important
thing
to
remember
about
fractions
is
that
they
are
actually
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
division problems in disguise. A fraction means you are dividing, the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
really
is
the
same
thing
as
a
numerator,
by
the
denominator.
The
fraction
9
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b
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
9
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4 b. Since 5 a 4 b, b cannot equal zero because dividing by zero is
9
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b
9
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9
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undefined. Keep this little nugget lodged in your brain because it might
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
come
up
on
a
function
problem.
(Well
get
to
functions
later.)
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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The SAT will expect you to be able to perform math operations with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fractions,
like
adding,
subtracting,
dividing,
and
multiplying.
If
you
dont
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
remember when you need a common denominator, or how to divide a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fraction by a fraction, check out an Algebra I textbook for a refresher.
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
274 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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x
9
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9
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4 3
9
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9
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5. If 5 then x 5
9
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2 8
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(A) 1
9
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9
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(B)
2
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(C) 3
9
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9
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(D) 4
9
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9
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(E)
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The standard, textbook approach to this problem is to solve for x. You do
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that by isolating x:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2 8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
2
3
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
5
3
Here,
both
sides
are
multiplied
by
to
eliminate
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
8
3
3
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fraction in the denominator under x.
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
3
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4 8 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4 24
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
3
5
3
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4 24
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
24
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
3
4
5
5
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
24
24
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A second way to solve this problem is to plug in the answer choices for x.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Start
with
the
middle
value,
3,
and
see
what
you
get.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4 3 2 3 3 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 4 5 3 5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2 4 3 4 2 8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 275
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As you can see, . That value for x is too great. Since you know that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8 8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choice (C) is too great, look at the remaining answer choices. Choices (D)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
(E)
are
greater
than
(C),
and
since
(C)
is
wrong,
these
will
also
be
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
wrong. You can cross them out. All that remains are choices (B) and (A).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You can plug in the value x 5 2, and if choice (B) is wrong, then you know
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the answer must be (A).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Numerical
answer
choices
are
usually
in
order
from
greatest
to
least,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or vice versa. If you are plugging in, it makes sense to start with choice
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C), the middle value, and see where this leads you. Quite often, even if
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) is the wrong answer, it will provide you with a clue to show what
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
value
to
plug
in
next.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Fractions also come in a hybrid form called mixed fractions. They look like
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.
This
number
is
mixed
because
it
has
an
integer
and
a
fraction.
In
this,
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
longhand, 3 means 3 1 .
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
What
do
you
do
if
you
need
to
rewrite
this
mixed
fraction
as
an
improper
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fraction?
You
could
rewrite
3
as
a
fraction
and
add
1
.
But
there
is
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
quicker way. Multiply the integer out front by the denominator (7 3 3 5 21),
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
then add that product to the numerator (21 1 2 5 23), and voila! You have
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
.
it.
In
our
example
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In the previous example, 3 was rewritten as a fraction. There is a simple way
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to rewrite integers as fractions. Make 3 the numerator of a fraction and 1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the denominator of a fraction. So 3 5 . You can see that this is true if you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
recall that 5 a 4 b. You can rewrite any integer as a fraction by simply
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
putting
the
integer
into
the
numerator
and
1
into
the
denominator.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As was said above, fractions and decimals express the same idea. To rewrite
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
a fraction as a decimal, just divide the numerator by the denominator;
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
remember 5 a 4 b. With a calculator this computation is very, very easy.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
b
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Rewriting
a
decimal
as
a
fraction
is
equally
easy.
Say
you
need
to
rewrite
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
0.19 as a fraction. First put 19 into the numerator. The denominator of a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
decimal
equivalence
is
always
going
to
be
some
multiple
of
10.
The
question
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is, What multiple of ten goes in the denominator?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
276 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You figure that out by counting the places to the right of the decimal, and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that
number
is
the
number
of
zeros
in
the
denominator.
In
0.19
there
are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
two places to the right of the decimal, 1 and 9; so there are two zeros in the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
19
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.
If
you
arent
sure
if
you
have
denominator,
which
means
0.19
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
correctly rewritten a decimal as a fraction you can always plug the fraction
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
into a calculator to see if you get the correct decimal back.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
All of the place values to the right of the decimal have funny names with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ths at the end of them. Here is an example to refresh your memory about
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
place
values,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Take
the
number
934.167
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9 is in the hundreds place, so the 9 means
900
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
is
in
the
tens
place,
so
the
3
means
30
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4 is in the units place, so the 4 means
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1 is in the tenths place, so the 1 means
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
6
is
in
the
hundredths
place,
so
the
6
means
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7
9
7 is in the thousands place, so the 7 means
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1000
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. Which of the following numbers has a value between 0.44 and ?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
20
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C)
10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 277
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The easiest way to approach this problem is to rewrite
as a decimal, and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
then rewrite the likely answer choices as decimals. Plugging into your
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
'
0.55,
so
youre
looking
for
something
with
a
value
calculator,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
between 0.44 and 0.55. Considering the fact that 0.50 would be a value
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
between these two values, and that 0.50 5 , you want a fraction around
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one-half. If you eyeball the answer choices, (B) looks the closest to one-half.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
0.45.
So
(B)
is
the
answer.
Try
it
first.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
20
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Rewriting all the fractions in this problem as decimals using your
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
calculator is one example of using your calculator to help you answer a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem. Note that it wouldnt matter what kind of calculator you use.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Percents,
or
Why
Giving
110%
Is
Impossible
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The concept of percent is related to decimals and fractions because it also
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
deals
with
parts
of
a
whole.
Percent
means
per
hundred
or
divided
by
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one
hundred.
If
you
want
to
rewrite
a
percentage
as
a
fraction
you
simply
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
put the number of the percentage in the numerator and 100 in the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
17
34
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
,
and
simplifies
to
.
denominator.
So
34%
is
equivalent
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
50
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You
can
also
easily
rewrite
percentages
as
decimals.
Recall
that
0.10
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10
10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
, and as we just saw 10% 5
. So 0.10 is the same thing as 10%. If
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you want to rewrite a percentage as a decimal, simply move the decimal
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
point two places to the left. For instance, 115% is equivalent to 1.15, or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
0.5% is equivalent to 0.005.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
An
easy
SAT
problem
with
percentages
might
involve
determining
what
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
percentage one number is of another. For example, the problem might read,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
What
percentage
is
4
of
27?
The
problem
is
asking
how
much
of
27
is
4?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In math, you write this as . To find what percentage equals , first use a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
27
27
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
calculator to divide 4 by 27. You get a decimal (0.148) which you can easily
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rewrite as a percentage (14.8% or 15%).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The answer to other percentage problems might not be so easy to see.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
. Since the
However, you can always set up an equation like this,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
27 100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
278 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
right side of the equation is the fractional form of a percentage, if you find x,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
know
what
percentage
4
is
of
27.
Solve
for
x
by
cross-multiplying,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
27 100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~27!~x! 5 ~4!~100!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
27x
5
400
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
400
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
27
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
400
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
At this point your calculator comes in handy,
' 14.8.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
27
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Percentage increase and decrease problems can be a little harder. You might
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
see a problem where you are told that the price of bananas increased 10%,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and then increased 15% percent, and you have to determine the percentage
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
change of the price. In percent-change problems you must keep straight
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
what is increasing or decreasing. In our banana problem, the original price
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
increases
10%,
and
then
the
resulting
second
price
increases
15%.
If
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
guess that the total percent change is 25%, you will have missed that it is the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
second
price
that
increased
15%.
Because
there
are
two
prices
involved,
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
cant just add up the two percentage increases.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This
is
why
it
is
important
to
always
keep
track
of
what
exactly
is
increasing
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or decreasing. Our banana problem might now seem like a real quandary,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
but
a
test
trick
simplifies
it.
Since
the
original
price
is
not
given,
we
can
pick
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one.
For
eases
sake,
pick
100
as
the
original
price.
This
is
a
good
number
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
use, because it is easy to see that 10% of 100 is 10. If the first increase is 10,
9
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9
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then the price of the bananas is now:
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9
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9
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original price 1 increase 5 new price
9
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9
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100
1
10
5110
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This new price, 110, increased by 15%. You can see now why you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
cant
simply
add
10%
and
15%
together.
The
10%
increase
was
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
related to the original price of 100, while the 15% increase is
9
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9
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connected
to
a
different
price,
110.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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To determine the value of a 15% increase to 110, multiply 110 by 0.15, the
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9
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decimal equivalent of 15%. This gives you 110 3 0.15 5 16.5. Adding 16.5
9
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9
to 110 results in the final price of 126.5.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 279
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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What is the percentage change in going from 100 to 126.5? It is a 26.5%
9
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9
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increase.
9
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9
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9
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The ease of reading off this percentage increase is another reason why
9
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9
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starting
with
the
value
of
100
works
well.
9
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9
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9
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In the example you just worked through, you were given the percentage
9
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9
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increases and asked to find the percentage change. You might see a problem
9
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9
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that asks the reverse; it will give you the percentage change and the final
9
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9
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price of the item, and you will have to find the original price. There are
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
similar formulas that are helpful for either kind of problem,
9
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9
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Increase in value:
Decrease in value:
9
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9
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y
2
x
x
2
y
9
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5
z
5
z
9
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x
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
where
x
is
the
original
value,
y
is
the
second
value,
and
z
is
the
percentage
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
change.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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4. If the price of a computer is decreased by 25%, and after the
9
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decrease the price is $1237.50, what was the original price of the
9
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9
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computer?
9
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9
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9
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(A)
$412.50
9
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9
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(B) $927.75
9
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9
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(C)
$1550.50
9
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9
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(D) $1610.75
9
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9
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(E)
$1650
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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With the percentage change formula in hand, you dont have to get tangled
9
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9
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up in which way the price went. Plugging in the values for this problem (it is
9
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9
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a decrease in value),
9
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9
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9
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x2y
9
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5
z
9
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x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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x 2 $1237.50
9
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5
0.25
9
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x
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 2 $1237.50 5 0.25x
9
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9
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x
2
0.25x
2
$1237.50
5
0.25x
2
0.25x
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
0.75x 2 $1237.50 5 0
9
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9
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0.75x 2 $1237.50 1 $1237.50 5 0 1 $1237.50
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
0.75x 5 $1237.50
9
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9
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$1237.50
9
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Now calculate with your electronic abacus, x 5
5 $1650.
9
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0.75
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
280 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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Of course, if you already have too many equations to keep track of, you can
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
reason
your
way
through
this
problem.
You
could
reason
that
since
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
price has decreased 25%, then $1237.50 equals 75% of the original price.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Translating
this
into
algebra,
you
get
0.75x
5
$1237.50.
Either
way,
the
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer is choice (E).
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Yet
another
way
to
approach
the
problem
is
to
use
common
sense
and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
look at the answer choices. You know that the price decreased to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
$1237.50,
so
the
original
price
must
be
greater
than
$1237.50.
This
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
eliminates choices (A) and (B), giving you a one-in-three chance of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
guessing correctly.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Ratios and Their Relatives
9
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9
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A ratio is a way to compare two or more things and show how much of
9
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9
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Thing 1 you have in comparison to Thing 2. For example, if you have 15
9
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9
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new-wave CDs and 10 hip-hop CDs, the ratio of new-wave CDs to hip-hop
9
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9
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CDs is 15:10. Ratios, like fractions, can be simplified to simplist form,
9
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which means the ratio of new wave to hip-hop CDs can be simplified:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15:10
5
9
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9
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15 4 5:10 4 5 5 (both sides are divided by 5 to simplify the ratio.)
9
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9
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3:2
9
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9
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9
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Notice that with the ratio of your CDs it matters in which order you say the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
genres.
The
ratio
of
new
wave
to
hip-hop
is
3:2,
but
the
ratio
of
hip-hop
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
new
wave
is
2:3.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Ratios can also be compared to other ratios. Suppose you had to determine
9
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9
which ratio was greater, 5:3 or 7:4 ? To accomplish this, first rewrite the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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ratios as fractional forms by putting the first number in the numerator and
9
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9
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the second number in the denominator:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5:3 5 and 7:4 5
9
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3
4
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 281
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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5
7
9
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There are a couple of ways to determine which fraction, or , is greater.
9
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3
4
9
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9
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You can rewrite both numbers as mixed numbers, or look for a common
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
denominator:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 7
9
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?
9
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3
4
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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4 5 7 3
9
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9
3 ? 3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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4 3 4 3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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20 21
9
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,
9
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12 12
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7 5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Since 21 is greater than 20, the fraction . . This means 7:4 is greater
9
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4 3
9
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than 5:3.
9
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9
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9
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From a technical standpoint, ratios and fractions are not interchangeable,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
so
your
math
teacher
might
quibble
about
rewriting
a
ratio
as
a
fraction.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
For
the
SAT,
though,
you
dont
have
to
worry
about
such
technicalities.
If
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rewriting a ratio as a fraction helps you solve a problem, rewrite away.
9
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9
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9
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There
are
24
boys
and
30
girls
in
the
first
grade
class
at
Lakewood
9
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9
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Elementary. What is the ratio of boys to first graders at Lakewood
9
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9
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Elementary?
9
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9
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9
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(A) 4:5
9
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9
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(B)
5:4
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9
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(C) 4:9
9
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9
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(D)
5:9
9
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9
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(E)
8:9
9
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9
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9
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With ratios you always need to pay attention to what you are comparing.
9
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9
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This problem asks you to compare boys and first graders. Now its a matter
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
of finding these two amounts and placing them in a ratio.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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How
many
boys
are
there?
24.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
How many first graders are there? 54, since its the total number of boys
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(24)
and
girls
(30).
9
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9
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9
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The ratio of boys to first graders is 24:54. But you should suspect that this
9
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9
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ratio can be simplified, especially since 24:54 is not an answer choice. 24 is
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9
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divisible by 6 as is 54, 24:54 5 4 3 6:9 3 6 5 4:9. Choice (C) is the answer.
9
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9
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9
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9
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282 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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Algebra
and
Functions
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9
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You are probably either in an algebra class right now or recently finished
9
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9
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one, so formal introductions are not in order. You already know that
9
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9
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algebra
means
working
with
variables,
solving
equations,
and
so
forth.
SAT
9
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9
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Algebra, though, is a little different from what you see in the classroom. You
9
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9
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will
have
to
do
some
basic
algebra
moves
like
factoring
or
simplifying,
but
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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you will not have to do any ten-step problems or work with really
9
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9
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complicated algebraic expressions. Since all math problems on the SAT have
9
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9
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to be workable in a reasonable amount of time, the algebra on the SAT
9
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9
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cannot be too involved.
9
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9
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Thats good news for you, but there is a catch: the test writers may tax your
9
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9
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ingenuity
with
problems
that
require
clever
applications
of
a
concept.
Or,
9
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9
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they may create problems that challenge your ability to identify the relevant
9
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9
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concepts.
To
combat
this,
well
make
sure
you
are
familiar
with
all
the
basic
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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algebra concepts and also with the kinds of moves the SAT will expect you
9
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9
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to
make
with
that
basic
knowledge.
9
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9
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9
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Heres a test-taking tip before we get to the meaty stuff: algebra questions
9
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9
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that appear early on in a Math section will often just require solving for a
9
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9
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variable. Pretty straightforward stuff. Later in a math sectionas the
9
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9
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problems become more difficultyou should expect that an algebra
9
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9
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problem will require you to make a clever connection or see an
9
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un-obvious way to solve it. But in either situation, the problems should
9
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9
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require about the same number of steps to solve.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Exponents and Roots, or the Rads and the Squares
9
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9
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Exponents
are
just
shorthand
for
writing
a
number
times
itself.
So
instead
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
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writing 4 3 4, you can write 4 . The 4 is called the base, and 2 is the power,
9
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9
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or
exponent.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Here is a condensed version of how exponents function. Look it over, plug
9
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9
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in some numbers (just for grins), and make sure you are comfortable with
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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how exponents work.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 283
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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Working with Exponents
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9
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1. Adding and Subtracting
9
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9
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You can add and subtract numbers with exponents if they have the
9
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same base and are raised to the same power.
9
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9
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9
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2
2
2
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4r 1 7r 5 11r
9
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3
3
3
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8t
2
t
5
7t
9
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9
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2
2
3
9
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but 5k 1 8k 13k or 13k since they are not raised to the same
9
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9
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power.
9
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9
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2. Multiplying and Dividing
9
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9
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You can also multiply and divide numbers if they have the same base.
9
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9
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a
b
a
1
b
9
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y y 5y
9
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9
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2
3
5
9
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For
instance,
s
3
s
5
s
makes
sense
if
you
see
that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
3
5
9
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s 3 s 5 (s 3 s)(s 3 s 3 s) 5 s
9
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9
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You can count up the five ss
9
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9
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9
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9
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xa
a2b
9
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b 5 x
9
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x
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
f9
9
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924
5
For example, 4. 5 f
5f .
9
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f
9
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9
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9
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3. Raising Powers to Powers
9
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9
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You can also raise a number with an exponent to a power.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~za!b 5 zab
9
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9
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3 5
15
9
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So ~h ! 5 h
9
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9
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Lets try a problem.
9
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9
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9
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2
2
9
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x
9
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5 4, then x 5
9.
3
9
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O O
x
9
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O O O O
9
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9
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O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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9
O O O O
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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O O O O
9
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O O O O
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
284 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

SD

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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9
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9
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The good news about a problem like this is that there are no hidden tricks.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You
just
have
to
solve
for
x.
This
should
be
simple
after
your
review
of
how
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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exponents work.
9
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9
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9
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2 2
x
9
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54
9
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x3
9
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9
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2
9
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1
9
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5
4
9
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x
9
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9
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1
9
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5
4
9
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2
x
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
But
dont
stop
here.
Since
x
is
in
the
denominator,
you
need
to
move
it
to
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
other side of the equation.
9
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9
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9
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1
9
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5
4
9
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2
x
9
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9
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9
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1
2
2
9
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x ! 2 5 4x
~
9
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x
9
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2
9
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1 5 4x
9
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9
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1
9
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2
5
x
9
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4
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You
might
get
stuck
here
if
you
dont
know
how
to
take
the
square
root
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a fraction. A little basic math can get things moving. What fraction times
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1
1
1
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
itself
gives
you
?
3
5
.
So
is
the
answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
2
2
4
2
9
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9
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9
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1
9
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Actually,
there
is
another
possible
answer,
2
,
since
it
is
also
true
9
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2
9
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9
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1
1
1
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that
2
5
2
.
But
since
you
cant
grid-in
a
negative
answer,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
4
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
the
only
answer
for
this
problem.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The last problem illustrated something that you should always keep in mind
9
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2
9
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when you are dealing with even exponents. When you see x 5 16, do not
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
automatically
assume
that
x
has
to
equal
4,
since
it
might
also
equal
24.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This is the kind of trap that the SAT likes to lay for the inattentive student,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
so
beware
of
it.
When
you
are
working
with
odd
exponents,
the
story
is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
27,
you
know
that
3
is
the
only
true
value
for
x
because
different.
If
x
9
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9
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(23)(23)(23) 5 227.
9
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9
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9
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9 285
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Alert!

SD
SD

S DS D

S D

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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9
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A
relative
of
the
exponent
is
the
square
root.
It
looks
like
this
,
and
its
=
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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the inverse of squaring a number. When you square 5, you multiply it by
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
itself to get 5, but when take the square root of 25, you get the number that
9
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9
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times itself gives 25.
9
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9
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9
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5 3 5 5 25, so =25 5 5.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Square roots can also be written as exponents like this:
9
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9
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1
9
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2.
y
5
y
=
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Getting
to
the
Roots
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1. Adding and Subtracting Roots
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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This is similar to exponents. You can only add or subtract expressions
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
1
6
5
5
with
roots
if
what
is
under
the
radical
is
the
same.
4
=
=
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10=5, but theres not much you can do with 3=3 1 2=4. You
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
probably wont see a problem like 3=3 1 2=4, but if you do, whip
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
out your calculator and get busy with the = key.
9
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9
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9
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2.
Simplifying
Square
Roots
9
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9
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9
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Like fractions, square roots can be simplified. To do so, factor the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
number
under
the
radical,
and
factor
any
perfect
squares
out
from
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
underneath the radical.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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12
5
2
3
3
4
5
2
3
2
3
5
4
3
2
=
=
=
=
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. Multiplying Square Roots
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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You can multiply square roots together, and sometimes after you do
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this,
you
find
a
perfect
square
underneath
the
radical
that
you
can
then
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pull out.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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=24 3 =2 5 =24 3 2 5 =48
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
48 5 =16 3 3 5 4=3
=
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Since 16 is the square root of 4, you can factor it out from underneath
9
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9
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the square root sign.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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286 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

X-Ref

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9
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9
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9
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4. Dividing Square Roots
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Occasionally, you can find similar terms in both the denominator and
9
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9
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numerator, which you can then divide out. Getting similar terms often
9
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9
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requires factoring like in the example below, where =34 is restated
9
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9
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9
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as ~=2!~=17!.
9
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9
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=34 5 ~=2!~=17! 5 =2
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9
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17
17
=
=
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9
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9
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9
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More
Algebra
and
Functions
9
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9
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You already have been using algebra throughout this chapter. Look at the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
preceding
pages
and
note
how
many
times
a
variableusually
a
letter
like
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
xwas used to denote an unknown numerical quantity. In a nutshell, thats
9
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9
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algebra.
9
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9
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Algebra employs variables to represent unknown quantities. Thats a simple
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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definition, and some algebra problems are basic and straightforward:
9
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9
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9
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65
5
t
2
40
9
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9
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9
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Here, if you add 40 to both sides, you find a numerical value for t. Youve
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
solved
an
algebra
problem,
albeit
an
easy
one.
As
you
might
expect,
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
algebra problems on the new SAT will typically be more difficult.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Before
discussing
functions,
it
helps
to
have
a
good
understanding
of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
basic algebra concepts such as variables, equations, and factoring.
9
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9
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Functions
are
covered
starting
on
page
298
after
these
fundamental
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
algebraic ideas have been reviewed.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x2 2
9
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5
4,
then
x
5
If
9.
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O
O
O
O
9
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O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O
O
O
O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O
O
O
O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 287
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

SD

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Although you need a knowledge of fractions and exponents to answer this
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
properly,
there
is
an
algebraic
component
as
well.
You
have
a
variable,
x,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and you need to solve the equation to determine an actual numerical value
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
for
it.
In
this
sense
your
goal
is
the
same
as
it
was
for
the
equation
65
5
t
2
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
40. Do the math necessary to determine the numerical value of the variable.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Since SAT algebra questions can come in bewildering shapes, its always
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
helpful
to
keep
this
goal
in
mind.
If
you
encounter
a
tough
question
with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
variables, and youre not sure where to start, ask yourself, How can I
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
determine
the
values
of
these
variables?
Determining
values
for
these
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
unknown quantities is often the path to getting the right answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Equations
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In the earlier part of an SAT section, you might see a problem where you are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
given an equation with one variable and have to solve for that variable.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Since
you
have
already
done
that
a
number
of
times
in
this
chapter,
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
should be up to speed on that.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Things
get
a
little
more
complicated
if
there
are
two
equations
and
two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
variables, yet you can still solve for both variables because you have two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equations.
The
general
math
rule
is
you
can
solve
for
as
many
different
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
variables as you have equations. So if you have two equations and two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
variables,
youre
in
business.
If
you
have
five
variables
and
five
equations,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
youre
still
alright.
Luckily,
you
will
most
likely
not
see
more
than
two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equations and two unknowns.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
With two variables, solve for one variable in one equation and then
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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substitute that result into the second equation. For example, consider the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
following problem.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
x1y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 1 and
5 2, then what is the value of y 2 x 5
If
7.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
x
1
1
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) 28
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B)
24
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(C) 0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(D) 5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E)
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
288 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
To find the answer to this problem you have to find x and y. Deciding which
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
variable
to
start
with
is
largely
up
to
you.
Solving
for
y
in
the
second
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equation looks easiest:
9
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9
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9
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y
9
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52
9
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x11
9
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9
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9
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y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
1
1
5
2
x
1
1
~
!
~
!~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
5
2
x
1
1
~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y 5 2x 1 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now plug this value for y into the first equation, and you can solve for x,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
since
that
is
the
only
variable
in
the
equation.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x1y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
51
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 1 2x 1 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 1 2x 1 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
1
11
11
~ !
~ !~ !
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
3x 1 2 5 11
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3x
1
2
2
2
5
11
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3x 5 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3x 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You find y by plugging into either equation
5 2 (the original one) or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
5
2x
1
2
(the
equation
you
worked
out
first).
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
52
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y58
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In
both
cases,
y
equals
8,
so
y
2
x
5
8
2
3
55.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 289
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Inequalities, When Things Arent Equal
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
An equation is when the stuff on the left side equals the stuff on the right
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
side. An inequality is when the stuff on the left does not equal the stuff on
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the right side.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The same rules apply for solving an inequality as for solving an equation (if
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
do
something
to
one
side
you
have
to
do
the
same
thing
to
the
other
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
side). But there is one important difference between the two. If you multiply
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or divide by a negative number you have to switch the direction of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
inequality.
Theres
a
good
reason
for
this,
but
its
not
going
to
be
covered
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
here. The SAT doesnt test whether or not you understand why you switch
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
it.
It
just
tests
if
you
know
to
switch
it.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
For example, if you need to solve for x in the following inequality,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23x 2 4 . 8, use the normal techniques but remember to switch the sign.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23x 2 4 . 8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23x
2
4
1
4
.
8
1
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23x
.
12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12
23x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23
23
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x , 24
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If
you
forget
to
do
the
ole
switcheroo
you
get
x
.
24,
and
you
can
bet
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
farm that this incorrect answer will be lying in ambush somewhere in the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer choices.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6. If 9 . 23x 2 3 . 6, which of the following statements is true?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A)
24
,
x
,
23
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
,
x
,
2
2
(B)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
4
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) 23 , x , 1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D) 2 , x , 4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
,
x
,
(E)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
290 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The rule for working with a double inequality is the same: if you do
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
something
to
one
side
you
have
to
do
it
to
all
three
sides.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9 . 23x 2 3 , 6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9 1 3 . 23x 2 3 1 3 . 6 1 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12 . 23x . 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12
23x
9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
,
,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23
23
23
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
24 , x , 23
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Choice (A) is the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
Math
section
wont
be
riddled
with
inequalities,
but
there
will
be
at
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
least one or two. Remember to flip the sign when multiplying or dividing
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
with
negative
numbers,
and
you
should
do
well
on
these
problems.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Absolute
Value
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Absolute
value
sounds
imposing
and
extreme,
but
the
explanation
is
simple.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The absolute value of any number is how far it is from zero. The absolute
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
value of 9 and 29 is the same (9) since both are 9 from zero. In math notation
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
absolute value looks like two high straight fences surrounding a shy number.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
|29| 5 |9| 5 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The absolute value of something is always positive because distances,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
distance
from
zero
in
this
case,
are
always
positive.
Theres
no
such
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
thing
as
a
negative
mile,
for
instance.
This
means
that
whatever
comes
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
out of the absolute value symbols will always be positive.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Always do all the arithmetic inside the absolute value signs before
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
taking the absolute value. For example, |26 23| |6 2 3| because
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
|26 2 3| 5 |29| 5 9 and |6 2 3| 5 |3| 5 3.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6. If |2(x 2 3) 1 x| 5 12, then what is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one
possible
value
of
x?
O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O
O
O
O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O
O
O
O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 291
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
/

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This
example
might
seem
a
bit
strange
since
it
asks
for
one
possible
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
value instead of a single value. However, there is usually at least one
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
grid-in question on every test for which there is more than one correct
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer. If you dont expect this, it can lead to uncertainty. Students are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
accustomed to a single correct math answer, and are suddenly faced
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
with
a
question
that
yields
more
than
one
answer.
They
dont
know
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
which answer to grid-in, mistakenly thinking that only one answer will
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
be counted correct.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Dont let this happen to you. When you encounter the more-than-one9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
correct-answer grid-in question, mentally say, Oh, heres the more9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
than-one-correct-answer grid-in question. Then find an answerany
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
correct
one
will
dogrid
it
in,
and
move
on.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
First simplify within the absolute value signs:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
2
3
1
x|
5
12
|2
~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
|2x
2
6
1
x|
5
12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
|3x 2 6| 5 12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Without the absolute values, you would simply solve for x at this point.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3x 2 6 5 12 3x 5 18 x 5 6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Plug this value for x back into the equation with absolute values. It works,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
doesnt
it?
Thats
your
answer.
There
is
another
possible
answer,
but
theres
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
no
reason
to
waste
time
finding
it.
(It
also
turns
out
to
be
a
negative
number,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
so you couldnt grid it in even if you wanted to.)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
When you encounter absolute value lines, think positive.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Quadratic Equations
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As you will see later in this chapter, equations can be graphed. Equations
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that
look
like
4x
1
3y
5
13
are
called
linear
equations
because
their
graphs
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are lines. Linear equations only have variables that are not raised to a power
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
other than one. In contrast, quadratic equations have variables that are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or
y
.
Equations
with
a
squared
variable
are
quadratic
squared,
like
x
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equations, and their graphs will not be a line.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Solving
quadratic
equations
requires
different
techniques
than
the
ones
used
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
when working with linear equations. Factoring is normally used. Check out
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the chart below to remind yourself how factoring works.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
292 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Factor Refresher
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ab 1 ac 5 a~b 1 c!
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~a 1 b!~c 1 d! 5 ac 1 ad 1 bc 1 bd
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
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a 1 2ab 1 b 5 ~a 1 b!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a2 2 2ab 1 b2 5 ~a 2 b!2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
2
b
5
a
2
b
a
1
b
~
!~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If you encounter an equation that looks like the left side of one of the equa123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tions in the chart, work it until it resembles the corresponding equation on
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the right. This isnt always the key to solving the problem, but it often is,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
because it demonstrates your ability to factor and expand equations prop123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
erlya skill that the test-writers are interested in measuring.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
When you expand an expression, you take away the parentheses.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
When you factor an expression, you do the reverse by putting the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
parentheses
back.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
second
item
in
the
chart
involves
FOIL,
a
method
of
expanding
that
is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
used when you are multiplying two groups of variables like (a 1 b)(c 1 d).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
FOIL
is
a
nice
way
to
remember
First,
Outside,
Inside,
Last.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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You multiply
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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the First terms, ac
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the Outside terms, ad
9
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9
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the Inside terms, bc
9
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the Last terms, bd
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and then you add them all together:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(a
1
b)(c
1
d)
5
ac
1
ad
1
bc
1
bd
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
FOIL makes expanding simple, but factoring a quadratic expression like
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
x
2
12
is
not
as
straightforward.
Putting
the
equation
back
into
two
x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sets of parentheses involves a little bit of guessing. To help guide your guess,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
think about FOIL and start with the first and last terms (the squared term
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and the number).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
Beginning with the squared term, ask, What would give x ? The variable
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
times
itself
is
the
answer,
so
the
first
terms
in
each
parentheses
is
x.
You
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
now know:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(x )(x )
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 293
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
How about the 12? It is the Last term, and could be made with the factors 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
6,
3
3
4,
or
12
3
1,
since
the
product
of
all
three
is
12.
The
12
also
has
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
negative sign in front of it. This means one of the Last terms must be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
negative
and
the
other
positive
because
that
is
the
only
way
to
have
212
as
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the product. Our parentheses, then, must look like:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(x
2
)(x
1
)
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
For the final step, you must decide which set of factors to use. Since the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
middle term of the expression is 2x, the Outside and the Inside terms must
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
add up to negative one. Which of the three factor sets of 12 has a difference
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of one? Only 3 3 4. They must go in the Last places, and since adding up the
9
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9
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Outside and the Inside results in a 2x, the 4 must go with of the negative
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sign.
Putting
it
all
together:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
x
2
12
5
(x
2
4)(x
1
3)
x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You
can
always
to
check
to
see
if
you
have
factored
correctly
by
using
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
FOIL, (x 2 4)(x 1 3) 5 x 1 3x 2 4x 2 12 5 x 2 x 2 12.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Being
able
to
factor
and
expand
quickly
is
important
for
the
SAT.
If
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
dont feel comfortable with both operations, spend some time making up
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your
own
expressions
and
working
with
them.
Here
are
a
few
expressions
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to get you started.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Factoring and Expansion Practice
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Expand the following:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~y 1 4!~y 1 6!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
2
7
x
2
4
!~
!
~
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3x
2
1
2x
2
9
!~
!
~
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Factor the following:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x2 1 10x 1 16
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y 2 7y 1 10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10a 2 23a 2 5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
294 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
SAT problems will expect you to solve quadratic equations, but once you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
have
factored
a
quadratic
equation,
solving
it
is
pretty
easy.
Suppose
you
are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
given the quadratic equation y2 5 7 2 6y and asked to solve for y. The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
,
is
the
clue
that
tells
you
that
you
must
factor
presence
of
a
squared
term,
y
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to get the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
first
thing
to
do
is
to
get
all
terms
on
one
side
of
the
equation.
The
other
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
side
will
then
equal
zero.
If
possible,
rearrange
the
terms
so
that
the
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
positive.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
7
2
6y
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
y 2 7 5 7 2 7 2 6y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
y 2 7 5 26y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y 2 7 1 6y 5 26y 1 6y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
1
6y
2
7
5
0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now you have to factor the quadratic equation so that you have two sets of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
parentheses.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y 1 6y 2 7 5 ~y 1 7!~y 2 1!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
y
1
6y
2
7
5
0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
1
7
y
2
1
5
0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~
!~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
How
can
you
make
this
last
equation
true?
Stated
another
way,
for
what
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
values of y would the product of the parentheses be zero? A product is only
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
zero
if
one
of
the
factors
is
zero,
so
find
values
for
y
that
would
make
each
9
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9
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parenthesis
zero.
If
y
5
27
then
the
first
parenthesis
would
be
zero,
and
so
9
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9
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the product would be zero. And, if y 5 1, then the second parenthesis would
9
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9
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be
zero.
Both
y
5
27
and
y
5
1
are
correct
answers.
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9
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9
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9
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Quadratic
equations
usually
have
two
solutions
for
one
variable,
so
if
9
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9
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a
grid-in
asks
you
for
a
solution
to
a
quadratic
equation,
dont
worry
if
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you get two answers. As mentioned earlier, grid-ins sometimes will
9
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9
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have more than one correct answer. Just pick one answer, grid it in, and
9
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9
move on.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 295
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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14.
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x
1
2
3
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1
y
0
23
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3
9
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If the above table gives the relationship between x and y at certain
9
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9
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values,
which
of
the
following
equations
could
describe
the
table?
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9
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2x 2 2
9
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(A) y 5
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x12
9
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2x 2 1
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(B) y 5
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x
1
7
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x2
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(C) y 5
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2x 2 1
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9
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2~x 2 4!
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(D) y 5
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2x 2 3
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x
2
2
x
~
!
9
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y
5
(E)
9
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x24
9
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9
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One way to solve this problem is to go through each answer choice and plug
9
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9
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in
the
values
from
the
table.
If
you
cant
identify
another
approach
to
the
9
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9
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problem, go ahead and start plugging in values. However, you might want
9
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9
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to
wait
until
the
second
pass
because
this
process
can
be
time-consuming.
9
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9
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9
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There is a shorter way, but it takes a bit of math cleverness to spot it. Notice
9
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9
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that
when
x
5
2,
y
5
0.
Scan
the
answer
choices.
Youll
see
that
every
one
of
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9
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them has y on the left and a fraction containing x on the right. When x 5 2,
9
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9
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y
is
zero,
so
youre
looking
for
a
numerator
on
the
right
side
of
the
equation
9
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9
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that
will
be
zero
when
x
5
2.
Answer
choice
(E)
fits
the
bill,
because
the
9
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9
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term would be zero when x 2 2 5 0, which would make the entire
9
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9
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numerator zero.
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9
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If you have some time, you could check the other answer values in the table
9
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9
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to see if they also work. (They do.) Choice (E) is your answer.
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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296 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

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Word Problems
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9
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In a word problem you are given a statement in regular old English. For
9
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9
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example:
9
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9
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6. At Walts Haberdashery, cowboy hats are three times as expensive as
9
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9
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baseball caps. Tennis visors are half as expensive as baseball caps. If
9
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9
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a
single
tennis
visor
costs
$6.50,
how
much,
in
dollars,
does
a
9
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9
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cowboy hat cost?
9
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9
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9
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(A) 11.50
9
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9
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(B) 13.00
9
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(C) 36.00
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9
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(D) 39.00
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(E) 52.00
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9
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9
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So
far,
the
questions
in
this
section
have
been
littered
with
variables
and
9
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9
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equations. It was easy to see that algebra was involved. For word problems,
9
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9
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the
algebra
is
there,
but
you
have
to
create
the
variables
and
formulas
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
yourself.
This
may
sound
hard,
but
its
actually
pretty
simple
once
you
do
it
9
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9
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a couple of times.
9
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9
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9
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Start
with
the
first
sentence:
cowboy
hats
are
three
times
as
expensive
as
9
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9
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baseball caps. If you had to translate this into an equation, it would
9
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9
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look like
9
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9
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9
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1 cowboy hat 5 3 baseball caps ~in price!
9
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9
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1c
5
3b
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9
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c 5 3b
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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The variable c stands for cowboy hats, and b stands for baseball cap.
9
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9
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Move on to the next sentence: Tennis visors are half as expensive as
9
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9
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baseball
caps.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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1 tennis visor 5 half a baseball cap
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1
9
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1t 5 b
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2
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9
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2t
5
b
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9
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9
Although you could use the variable x to stand for tennis visor, its
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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much easier to use the first letter of the word, which is why we let t 5
9
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9
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tennis visor.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9 297
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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Once you have translated the word problem into two algebraic equations,
9
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9
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the
rest
falls
into
place.
The
question
states
that
a
tennis
visor
costs
$6.50,
so
9
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9
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9
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2t 5 b
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9
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2~6.50! 5 b
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13 5 b
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c
5
3b
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9
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c 5 3~13!
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c
5
39
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9
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Cowboy hats cost $39 dollars at Walts Haberdashery, choice (D).
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9
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Sometimes its hard to decide which strategy to use when faced with a
9
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9
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particular problem. This is something best learned through practice, which
9
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9
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is why there are three full-length practice SATs awaiting you after this
9
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9
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chapter.
However,
spotting
word
problems
is
one
of
the
easier
tasks.
Here
9
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9
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are some clues:
9
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9
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9
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The
problem
has
three
to
five
text
sentences.
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9
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9
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The sentences are filled with phrases like, will be twice as old in
9
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9
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three years time, is two-thirds as tall as the next building, or
9
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9
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weighs as much as three smaller machines.
9
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9
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At one point, a numerical value is given.
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9
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9
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The numerical value is the actual number that you plug in to your created
9
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9
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equations.
If
youve
set
up
your
equations
correctly,
the
answer
will
fall
into
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your lap.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Functions,
the
Unappreciated
Half
of
the
Algebra
9
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9
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and Functions Category
9
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9
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For
the
SAT,
think
of
a
function
as
a
math
machine.
You
will
usually
see
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
function as equal to some algebra expression like this:
9
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9
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2
f(x) 5 x 1 x
9
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9
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9
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When you feed the function machine values for x, it spits out values for f(x).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Put
x
5
2
into
the
function
by
replacing
all
the
xs
in
the
function
with
2s:
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9
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9
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f ~2! 5 22 1 2
9
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9
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9
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f ~2! 5 4 1 2
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9
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f ~2! 5 6
9
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9
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9
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You put a 2 into the function machine, and it spits out a 6. In Math Speak,
9
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9
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when x 5 2 then f(x) 5 6, and this can also be written f(2) 5 6.
9
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9
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298 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Functions are typically described using the symbol f(x). In some
9
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9
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algebra classes, you may have talked about this symbol as f of x.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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You can change the guts of the function machine, but even if you do, it stills
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
performs
the
same
operation.
It
takes
a
value
for
x
and
gives
you
a
value
for
9
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9
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x22
9
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f(x). Suppose the function f is defined by f ~x! 5
9
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x. What is the value
x22
9
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9
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of f(3)?
9
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9
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9
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Replace all the xs in the function with 3s:
9
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9
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9
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322
9
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f
3
5
~
!
3
9
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3
2
2
9
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9
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1
9
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f ~3! 5
9
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328
9
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9
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9
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1
9
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f ~3! 5 2
9
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5
9
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9
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9
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A cardinal rule of functions is that for every x value that you put into the
9
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function machine, only one y value can come out. If there is more than one
9
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9
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y value for one x value, then you are not dealing with a function. Well talk
9
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9
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about this more when we discuss the graphing of functions.
9
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9
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9
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Thats
all
you
need
to
know
about
basic
functions.
If
a
question
gives
you
a
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9
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function and a value for x, then plug that value of x into the function
9
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9
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machine
and
see
what
comes
out.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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Geometry:
Euclids
Last
Stand
9
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9
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Thankfully,
you
will
see
no
geometrical
proofs,
so
you
can
immediately
stop
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
worrying about why there are four interior right angles in a rectangle.
9
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9
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Geometry
on
the
new
SAT
focuses
more
on
basic
geometric
figures
and
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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formulae that accompany them. Like algebra, there is a limited amount of
9
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9
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geometry
that
the
SAT
actually
tests.
This
section
will
cover
basic
geometry
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9
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information and ways in which it might appear on the SAT.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 299
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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9
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9
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9
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Lines and Angles
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9
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The line is the basic building block of most of the geometric figures. This
9
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9
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makes it the best place to start.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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A
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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B
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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QB
W is, of course, a line. Those arrows at the end of the line mean that in
A
9
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9
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Theoretical Geometry World, each end of the line goes on forever. CD is a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

9
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9
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line segment because it is only a segment, or part, of the infinite line CD.
9
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9
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Note that the arrowheads are missing from the line segment symbol.
9
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9
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An
angle
is
defined
by
two
lines.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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In the above figure, two lines intersect and form four angles. The sum of the
9
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9
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measures of those four angles is 360 degrees. Since they are formed by two
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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intersecting lines, the angles opposite each other are called vertical angles.
9
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9
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Vertical angles are congruent to each other, so a 5 c and b 5 d.
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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If you think 360 is an unwieldy number, build a time machine and go
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
back
to
ancient
Babylon.
You
can
blame
this
early
civilization
for
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
deciding that one complete circular revolution equals 360 degrees.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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300 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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9
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9
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9
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Ninety-degree angles are a special angle in geometry. They have their own
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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name,
right
angles,
and
their
own
symbol:
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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When two lines intersect to form a right angle, the two lines are said to be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

l
.
In
perpendicular.
The
symbol
for
perpendicular
lines
looks
like
this
l
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
2
9
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the figure above, you also know that the measure of angle q must be 90
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
degrees.
Think
about
that
for
a
moment
if
you
dont
see
it
right
off.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Unlike perpendicular lines, parallel lines never cross, even if you follow
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
them
out
forever.
For
a
good
mental
image
of
parallel
lines,
think
of
railroad
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
i
l
.
tracks.
In
Math
Write,
parallel
lines
look
like
this
l
1
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
There is only a small chance you will see a math problem focused
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
exclusively on perpendicular or parallel lines. However, both these concepts
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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will appear throughout the Math section as part of larger geometric
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
diagrams. For example, you might be given an intricate diagram and asked
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to
find
the
measure
of
a
specific
angle.
Nestled
within
the
diagram
will
be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
two perpendicular lines (l1 l2). Realizing that these lines form a right angle
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
will
be
one
important
step
toward
finding
the
right
answer.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If you cut across a pair of parallel lines with a third line, you create a juicy
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
diagram
with
tons
of
congruent
angles.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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9
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9 301
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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You know that 1 4, 2 3, 5 8, and 6 7 because they are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
all
pairs
of
vertical
angles.
Angles
3
through
6
are
called
interior
angles
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
because they are on the insides of the two parallel lines. 3 and 6 are also
9
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9
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called
alternate
angles,
as
are
4
and
5,
because
they
are
on
alternate
sides
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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of the line cutting through. Alternate interior angles are congruent, so
9
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9
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3 6 and 4 5.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Angles 2 and 6 are called corresponding angles because their position at the
9
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two intersections corresponds to each other. Corresponding angles are also
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congruent, so 1 5, 3 7, and 4 8.
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If you put angles 3 and 4 together, you have a straight line. The angle
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measure of a straight line is 180, so m3 1 m4 5 180. But theres more!
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Remember
that
4

5,
so
it
must
also
be
true
that
m3
1
m5
5
180.
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This is actually a general rule: The measures of interior angles on the same
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side
of
the
line
cutting
through
always
sum
to
180.
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The reason a straight line is 180 degrees has to do with those
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Babylonians
again.
Cutting
a
line
through
the
center
of
a
circle
makes
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two half-circles, and since a circle is 360 degrees, half a circle is
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360
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5
180
degrees.
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2
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All
these
rules
are
important
because
some
SAT
questions
will
have
you
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playing Big Angle Hunter. Youll be given a diagram with intersecting
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lines or figures and asked to find the measure of a particular angle. You need
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to know all the different rules to help you track down and capture the
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necessary angle.
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9
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Angle A is written as BAD. The letter of the angle is always placed in the
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middle, and the letters from the two line segments that form the angle are
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put
on
the
sides.
Notice
that
with
this
convention
for
writing
angles,
BAD
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is the same as DAB. It is not enough to just write A because there are
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cases
for
which
this
method
wouldnt
be
specific
enough.
For
instance,
for
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the figure above, if you wrote B you could be referring to three different
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angles, ABC, or ABD, or DBC.
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302 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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14.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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If l1 i l2 then y 5
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(A) 15
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(B) 20
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(C) 25
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(D) 30
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(E)
35
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This
problem
requires
a
little
bit
of
algebra
and
a
little
bit
of
geometry,
but
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the
geometry
comes
first.
Looking
at
the
angles
on
the
left,
you
can
see
that
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2x 5 110 because they are vertical angles. Solving for x,
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2x
5
110
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9
2x 110
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5
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2
2
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x5 55
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On the right side of l2, you can see that x 1 y and the measure of the other
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angle sum to 180. The other angle measures 110 because it is an alternate
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interior angle to the known angle 110. This means x 1 y 1 110 5 180, so
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you can solve for y,
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55 1 y 1 110 5 180
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165 1 y 5 180
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165
2
165
1
y
5
180
2
165
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y 5 15
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Way to go, Big Angle Hunter!
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What
You
Can
Figure
from
Figures
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Whenever
you
encounter
a
figure,
first
see
if
there
is
a
Note:
Figure
not
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9
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drawn to scale disclaimer. If there is, then the figure will not be helpful to
9
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9
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you
in
its
present
state,
although
you
can
sometimes
redraw
it
to
give
you
a
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
better idea of what the question is asking.
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9 303
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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If the disclaimer is not present, then the figure is drawn to scale. To cover all
9
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the
details
of
what
this
means,
lets
compare
a
figure
that
is
drawn
to
scale
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9
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to one that isnt.
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9
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9
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You can assume that:
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1. C is a point along BE and AD
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2. x 5 y, since they are vertical angles
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Even though this figure is drawn to scale, without further information, you
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9
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should
not
assume
anything
else.
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You shouldnt assume that:
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1. AC 5 CD because it looks that way.
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2. t 5 60 because it looks about that big.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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You should assume that:
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1. ABD and DBC are triangles.
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2. D is on AC.
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3. AD , AC
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4. mABD is less than mABC
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You shouldnt assume that:
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1. AD , AC because it looks that way.
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2.
mBAD
5
mBDA
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3. mABD is greater than mDBC
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4. ABC is a right angle.
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304 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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When a figure is drawn to scale, you can sometimes use it to eliminate
9
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9
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answer
choices
that
are
definitely
inaccurate.
For
instance,
look
back
at
the
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
drawn-to-scale sketch. Suppose you were asked:
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What is the measure, in degrees, of angle t?
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(A) 20
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(B) 50
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(C) 60
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(D) 70
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(E)
120
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Looking
at
it,
you
know
that
angle
t
is
less
than
a
right
angle,
so
it
must
be
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less than 90 degrees. This means you can cross out choice (E), since theres
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no way this could be the correct answer. This incorrect choice is there to
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catch
students
who
make
a
mistake
in
computation.
Theres
no
way
that
9
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angle is 120 degrees, and theres also little chance that its as small as 20
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degrees,
either.
Choice
(A)
is
highly,
highly
unlikely
to
be
the
right
answer,
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so
it
can
be
eliminated
as
well.
This
gives
you
a
one-in-three
chance
of
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answering the problem correctly simply by using your eyes.
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9
With figures drawn to scale, you can often use your eyes to get a rough idea
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of the correct angle simply by comparing it to a known angle. If youre given
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a distance measurement in a figure, you also use that measurement to get a
9
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rough
idea
of
the
distances.
Suppose
that
AB
5
8
in
the
drawn-to-scale
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diagram. DE looks about the same length, so you know that its length is
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somewhere around 8. Put another way, you know the length of DE isnt 24,
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because that would mean its three times as long as AB, and thats just
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not true.
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Triangles and You
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You
probably
arent
going
to
make
a
career
out
of
triangles,
though
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Pythagoras seems to have. It is still good to know a little about them
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because
they
are
one
of
the
SATs
favorite
geometric
figures.
There
are
a
few
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general triangle principles that the SAT tests, and there a few particular
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kinds
of
triangles
that
the
SAT
likes
to
test.
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The triangle is tri-angled, meaning it has three angles. It also has three sides.
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There is one universal trait for triangles: the sum of the measure of the
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internal angles of all triangles is 180. That means if you know the measure
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9 305
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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of two angles of a triangle, you can always find the measure of the third.
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This
is
an
important
piece
of
knowledge
when
you
are
Big
Angle
Hunting
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for an angle like x below.
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You know two angles measure, 40 and 90, and the measures sum to 130.
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Since the sum of the measures all three interior angles must equal 180, this
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means there are 50 degrees left (180 2 130) for x.
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The formula for the area of a triangle is a second general rule that holds for
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1
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base
3
height
.
The
formula
is
simple
enough,
but
it
all
triangles,
A
5
~
!
~
!
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2
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can be a little tricky to apply because problems usually wont just come out
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and tell you the base is 30 and the height is 12. The questions make
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you work to find one or both of these values. Further complicating things,
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the base and the height are not fixed values of a triangle. Only when you
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choose
one
is
the
other
nailed
down.
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The
base
is
always
going
to
be
one
side
of
the
triangle,
but
it
can
be
any
of
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the
three.
The
height,
on
the
other
hand,
will
not
necessarily
be
a
side
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length. Once you pick the base, the height is the length of a line
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perpendicular
to
the
base
that
runs
to
the
angle
opposite
the
base.
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In the three different triangles above, the base and the height are picked
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differently.
There
is
no
set
rule
for
how
to
pick
which
side
to
be
the
base.
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The only rule that should guide you is ease. Whichever base and height are
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easiest
to
find,
pick
them.
Remember,
that
once
you
designate
a
base
there
is
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only one height that goes with it, or once you designate a height the base is
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locked
in.
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306 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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12.
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Which of the following is twice the area of the above figure?
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(A) x2 1 2xy 1 y2
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2
2
(B) 2x 1 xy 2 y
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2
2
(C)
6x
1
2xy
1
y
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(D) 6x2 1 xy 2 y2
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2
2
(E)
6x
1
xy
1
y
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Dont let the combination of algebra and geometry throw you. Just deal with
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one
at
a
time.
Start
with
the
geometry:
pick
the
two
sides
that
define
the
right
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angle as the base and the height. These two sides are x 1 y and 2x 2 y.
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The question asks for double the area of the triangle, so we can drop off the
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one-half in the area formula, and just multiply the base times the height:
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(base) (height) 5 double the area 5 the answer
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x
1
y
2x
2
y
5
~
!~
!
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2
2
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2x
2
xy
1
2xy
2
y
5
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2
2
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2x 1 xy 2 y
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This
is
choice
(B).
You
had
to
use
your
old
friend
FOIL
to
find
the
right
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answer, illustrating once more how many SAT problems combine one or
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more
concepts.
If
youre
clear
on
the
geometry
and
the
algebra,
this
is
one
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medium problem that you should have no trouble answering.
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Well, Isnt That a Special Triangle?
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There are many different triangles: acute ones, obtuse ones, big ones, little
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ones. On the SAT, though, a few different kinds of triangles show up again
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and
again.
These
triangles
are
called
special
triangles
because
of
their
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unique properties. The SAT likes to test you on these properties to see if you
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can
identify
and
use
them
to
solve
problems.
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Remember that crazy ancient Greek guy Pythagoras? He gets the credit for
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discovering
one
of
the
most
important
special
triangles,
the
right
triangle.
A
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right triangle is a triangle with one angle that is 90 degrees. They are often
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easy to identify because they will have the box symbol for right angle ( )
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in them.
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9
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9 307
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Since there are 180 degrees in a triangle, that only leaves 90 degrees for the
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two
other
angles;
so
the
measures
of
the
two
other
angles
in
a
right
triangle
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always sum to 90.
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The sides of a right triangle have a definite relationship that Pythagoras
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2
2
2
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1
b
5
c
.
a
and
b
are
the
lengths
of
the
two
summed
up
in
his
theorem
a
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shorter sides of the right triangle, and c is the length of the side opposite the
9
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right
angle.
c
is
also
called
the
hypotenuse.
With
the
Pythagorean
theorem,
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if you know two sides of a right triangle, you can find the third. This is a
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move that the SAT will expect you to be able to make (probably more than
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once).
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Notice that the lengths of the three sides are given for each of the three right
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triangles above. These triangles are common right triangles, the 3-4-5, the
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2
6-8-10, and the 5-12-13. All three adhere to the Pythagorean theorem: 3 1
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42 5 52, 62 1 82 5 102, and 52 1 122 5 13 2. Knowing these triangles can
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be helpful because you can quickly determine the value of their sides . For
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instance, if you see a right triangle with a hypotenuse of 10 and a second
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side of 8, you know that the third side must be 6.
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10.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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If
a
5
45,
then
b
5
9
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9
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(A) 30
9
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9
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(B)
40
9
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(C) 45
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(D)
60
9
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9
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(E) 90
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9
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9
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9
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308 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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The key to this problem is the angle between the two as on the bottom. You
9
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9
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know
that
there
are
180
degrees
in
a
straight
line.
The
two
as
take
up
90
of
9
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9
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those degrees, since . This leaves 90 for the angle in the triangle. Now you
9
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9
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know
two
of
the
three
angles
of
the
triangle,
so
you
can
find
the
measure
of
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the third, b.
9
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9
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9
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b 1 45 1 90 5 180
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9
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9
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b 1 135 5 180
9
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9
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b
1
135
2
135
5
180
2
135
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9
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b 5 45
9
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9
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9
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9
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The Mighty Isosceles
9
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9
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You probably wont see the words isosceles triangle on the SAT, but you will
9
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9
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need to know how to work with one. An isosceles triangle has two sides that
9
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9
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are congruent to each other. This is noted on a figure by putting little dashes
9
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9
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through the sides that are equal, like this:
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Heres the Big Angle Hunter fact about isosceles triangles: the angles
9
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9
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opposite
the
two
congruent
sides
are
also
congruent.
In
the
above
figure,
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9
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this means ma 5 mb. Theres a good reason for this, and you might have
9
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9
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already slogged through the proof of it in your geometry class. For the SAT,
9
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9
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the reason is secondary. Just remember that if the sides are congruent, then
9
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9
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the opposite angles are congruent.
9
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9
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9
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Isosceles triangles work the other way too. If you know two angles of a
9
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9
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triangle are congruent, you can infer that the opposite sides are also
9
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congruent.
9
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9
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9
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9
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The
right
isosceles
triangle
is
so
special
that
the
SAT
includes
the
formulas
9
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9
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for it at the beginning of every Math section. The measures of the three
9
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9
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angles
in
an
isosceles
right
triangle
are
always
the
same.
The
right
angle
is
9
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9
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90,
so
that
leaves
90
degrees
for
the
other
two.
Since
the
other
two
angles
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9
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9
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9
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9 309
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

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9
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9
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9
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must equal each other, they must each be 45 degrees. Therefore, the three
9
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9
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interior
angles
of
an
isosceles
right
triangle
are
always
45-45-90.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Consider how much you know about the 45-45-90 triangle. You know the
9
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9
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angle measures and how the side lengths relate. Knowing how the sides
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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relate is helpful since if you know one side, you can determine all three. For
9
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instance, you might know that one of the sides opposite a 45-degree angle is
9
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9
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9
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2.
10,
then
you
can
simply
read
off
that
the
hypotenuse
is
10
=
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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If you want to know where the side relationships came from, use the
9
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9
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Pythagorean theorem on the 45-45-90 triangle.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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14.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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If a 5 b, then x 5
9
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9
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(A) =6
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9
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(B) 2=2
9
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9
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(C) 2=3
9
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9
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(D) 2=6
9
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9
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(E)
It
cannot
be
determined.
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9
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9
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Since it is a right triangle, you should be on the lookout for a special kind of
9
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9
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right
triangle.
(And
since
you
only
know
one
kind
of
special
right
triangle
at
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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this point, you should have a good idea what to expect.) If you plug in what
9
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9
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you know about a and b, you can see that both top angles equal (2a). A
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9
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9
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310 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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9
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9
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right angle plus two equal angles can only mean one thing: a 45-45-90
9
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9
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triangle.
9
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9
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9
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You find the hypotenuse of a 45-45-90 triangle by multiplying the shorter
9
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9
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side length by =2, so
9
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9
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9
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~
!~
!
~
!~
!
2
6
5
12
5
4
3
5
2
3
=
=
=
=
=
=
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9
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Choice (C) is the answer.
9
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9
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9
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The 30-60-90 triangle is the next super special kind of right triangle. It doesnt
9
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have a fancy name like isosceles right triangle, but the SAT writers still like
9
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9
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it enough to give it regular cameos on the test. Again, the drill is the same as
9
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9
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with the 45-45-90 triangle. You will be expected to be able to identify a
9
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9
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30-60-90 triangle and then use its properties to solve problems.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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As
you
can
see,
the
shortest
side
(the
side
opposite
the
30-degree
angle)
is
9
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9
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half the length of the hypotenuse. Stated the other way, the hypotenuse is
9
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9
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twice the size of the smallest side. To find the length of the side opposite
9
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9
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of the 60-degree angle, you take the length of the smallest side and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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multiply by =3. There are good reasons for these properties, but when
9
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9
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preparing
for
the
SAT
concentrate
on
learning
the
properties,
not
the
9
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9
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proofs
that
explain
them.
9
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9
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9
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The equilateral triangle is a triangle with three congruent sides. Since all
9
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9
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three sides are congruent, all three interior angles are also congruent. In this
9
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sense, its just like the isosceles corresponding side-angle love fest.
9
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9
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9
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If
three
angles
of
an
equilateral
triangle
are
congruent,
what
must
the
9
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9
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measure of those angles be? You know they must sum to 180 degrees, so:
9
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9
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9
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3s 5 180
9
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9
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9
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3s 180
9
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5
9
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3
3
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9
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s5 60
9
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9
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9
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9
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9 311
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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The interior angles of an equilateral triangle always measure 60 degrees. If
9
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you
split
an
equilateral
triangle
down
the
middle,
you
end
up
with
two
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30-60-90 triangles.
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9
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9
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16.
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If each line segment in the figure above is congruent, what is the area
9
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9
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of the entire figure?
9
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9
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A. 3=3
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B. 12=6
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3
16
C.
=
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9
D. 24=3
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6
24
E.
=
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9
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This problem looks tough, but you know it must turn on the fact that each
9
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line segment is congruent. What can you infer from this fact? Each side of
9
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9
triangle AEF is two line segments, so AEF is an equilateral triangle with side
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3.
To
find
the
area,
you
need
to
pick
a
base
and
height.
AE
is
lengths
of
2
=
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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312 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

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as good a choice as any for the base, which means the height is the line from
9
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9
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F
to
C,
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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ACF is a 30-60-90 triangle, and you know two of the sides, AC 5 =3 and
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9
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AF 5 2=3. You only need one of these sides to find length CF, the height.
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9
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If AC 5 =3, then the side opposite the 60-degree angle, CF, will be this
9
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9
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length times =3.
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CF 5 ~AC!~=3!
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CF 5 ~=3!~=3!
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CF 5 3
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Once you have the height, plug in the values to the area formula for a
9
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triangle:
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1
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A 5 ~base!~height!
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2
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1
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A 5 ~AE!~CF!
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2
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1
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A 5 ~2=3!~3!
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2
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A
5
3
3
=
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9
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9
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This is not the only way to solve this problem. You also could have
9
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found the area of triangle ACF and then multiplied by 2 to find the
9
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area of the total triangle. Both methods lead to the same answer.
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9
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9
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9 313
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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SOH-CAH-TOA
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9
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SOH-CAH-TOA is the acronym for the trigonometric functions for sin, cos,
9
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9
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and tan. It stands for
9
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opposite
adjacent
opposite
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sinu
5
,
cosu
5
,
and
tanu
5
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hypotenuse
hypotenuse
adjacent
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9
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The new SAT will include problems that can be solved by using these trig
9
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9
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functions. Dont worry, though, if your trig isnt polished. Using a trig
9
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9
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function will always just be one method for solving (or checking) a problem.
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9
It wont be the only method. If you are comfortable with the trig functions
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9
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and you see a problem that you can easily solve using them, go ahead. If you
9
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9
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have never taken trig or have completely forgotten it, then dont give it a
9
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9
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second
thought.
Just
use
the
other
methods
outlined
in
this
chapter
to
solve
9
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9
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problems. Theres no point in learning all about trig functions when there
9
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9
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will
always
be
an
alternate
methodinvolving
a
right
triangle,
typically
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9
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that you can use to answer the problem.
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Polygon Isnt Slang for Dead Parrot
9
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Any
figure
with
three
or
more
sides
is
a
polygon.
There
are
many
polygons,
9
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9
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but
only
a
few
actually
make
appearances
on
the
SAT.
Besides
triangles,
9
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9
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squares, and rectangles (all three are test favorites), there is the occasional
9
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parallelogram.
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There is one rule that applies to all polygons. The measures of the interior
9
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angles of an n-sided polygon sum to (n 2 2)(180). Try this formula out on
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9
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the
one
polygon
we
have
worked
with
thus
far,
triangles:
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(3
2
2)(180)
5
180
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9
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You wont need this formula for triangles, but it could come in handy if you
9
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9
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need
to
know
the
sum
of
the
measures
of
the
interior
angles
of
an
octagon.
9
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9
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Rectangles are polygons. They have four sides so the sum of the meaqsures
9
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of the interior angles is (4 2 2)(180) 5 360. Rectangles have two important
9
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properties:
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9
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1. All interior angles are right angles.
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2. Opposite sides are parallel and equal in length.
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9
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9
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9
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314 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Tip

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9
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All squares are rectangles. A square is a rectangle whose four sides are equal
9
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9
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in
length.
With
a
rectangle,
opposite
sides
are
equal
in
length,
and
the
length
9
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9
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of a rectangle is traditionally longer than its width.
9
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9
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9
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The
perimeter
of
a
polygon
is
the
distance
around
its
edges.
Some
polygons
9
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9
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have perimeter formulae that make it easier for you to determine the
9
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9
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perimeter.
For
a
rectangle,
the
perimeter
formula
is
P
5
2l
1
2w.
This
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9
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makes sense because if you add up the four sides you get
9
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9
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9
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P 5 l 1 w 1 l 1 w 5 2l 1 2w.
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9
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This perimeter formula is true for squares too, but since l 5 w for squares it
9
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9
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simplifies to P 5 4l. The area of a rectangle is A 5 l 3 w. Again, for a
9
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9
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2
.
square,
replace
the
w
with
the
l,
and
you
get
A
5
l
3
l
5
l
9
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9
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9
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9
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Since every side (s) of a square is the same, the area and perimeter
9
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9
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2
formula
for
a
square
are
usually
written
as
A
5
s
and
P
5
4s,
9
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9
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respectively.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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The figure above is composed of a square and a rectangle. What is
9
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9
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the measure of the outer perimeter of the figure?
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9
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9
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(A)
18
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(B) 22
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(C)
26
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9
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(D) 28
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(E) 30
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Be sure you understand what the phrase outer perimeter implies. It means
9
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the parts of the figures perimeter that are not contained within the figure,
9
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9
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like the part of the square that is inside the rectangle and vice versa. Look at
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9
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the part of the square that is inside the rectangle. Two of the angles are
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9 315
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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marked as right angles, and we know that the other two angles are right
9
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9
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angles
because
they
are
angles
from
the
square
and
rectangle
respectively.
9
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9
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This means all the sides opposite each other are parallel. If this is true, then
9
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9
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the
sides
opposite
each
other
must
also
be
congruent.
Therefore,
the
part
of
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9
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the square inside the rectangle is a square with side length 2. Once you
9
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9
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know this, you can determine all the lengths of the outer perimeter.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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Now add them up. Moving clockwise from the 7, you have
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71 2 1 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 5 1 4 5 30
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answer (E).
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The
parallelogram
is
like
a
parent
of
the
rectangle.
Both
have
opposite
sides
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9
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that are congruent and parallel, but the parallelograms interior angles dont
9
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have to be right angles. A parallelograms opposite interior angles are equal,
9
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and
the
measures
of
the
angles
adjacent
to
each
other
sum
to
180
degrees.
A
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9
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rectangle is a special case of a parallelogram.
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The formula for the perimeter of a parallelogram is the same as for a
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rectangle. The formula for the area of a parallelogram is a 5 base 3 height,
9
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9
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and this should remind you of another area formula. Remember how to find
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9
the base and height of a triangle? You do the same sort of thing with a
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9
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parallelogram. Pick one side as the base, and the height is the length of a line
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perpendicular to the base running to the side opposite the base. The line
9
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does
not
have
to
intersect
with
an
angle
as
it
does
in
the
case
of
a
triangle.
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9
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9
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15.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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The above figure is a square inside a parallelogram. What is the area
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9
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of
the
parallelogram?
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(A)
20
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(B)
22
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(C) 24
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9
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(D)
26
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9
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(E) 28
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9
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316 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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You need to pick a base and height that you can find. If you designate one of
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9
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the
vertical
lines
of
the
square
as
the
height,
then
you
at
least
know
the
9
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9
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height is 4. That makes the bottom (or the top) of the parallelogram the
9
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9
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base.
How
can
you
find
that
length?
Notice
the
two
triangles.
You
can
infer
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9
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that they are right triangles because a squares interior angles are all right
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9
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angles. Here comes a special triangle! You have a right triangle with sides
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9
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4,
5,
and
.
.
.
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Once you recognize the triangle as a 3-4-5 triangle, you know the shortest
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side is length 3. Add that to 4 and you get that the base of the parallelogram
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is length 7. The area is A 5 base 3 height 5 7 3 4 5 28.
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9
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9
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It is not a coincidence that a 3-4-5 right triangle just happened to be created
9
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9
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by
the
square
and
parallelogram.
Every
section
of
the
SAT
is
loaded
with
9
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9
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problems that contain critical keys to unlocking them. For SAT Geometry,
9
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9
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the
keys
often
come
in
the
form
of
a
special
triangles.
Once
you
learn
all
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
keys to the SAT, youll start recognizing them throughout the test. Use them
9
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9
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properly
and
youll
get
the
right
answer
every
time.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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Similar and Congruent: When Things Look Alike
9
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9
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There are two conditions that must be met before a mathematician will say
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9
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that two polygons are similar:
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9
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1.
The
measure
of
all
the
corresponding
angles
must
be
congruent.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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2. The ratios of the corresponding sides must be equal.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9 317
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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Its the word ratio in the second half that really distinguishes similar from
9
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9
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congruent.
Here
are
two
similar
triangles.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Look at the two conditions for similarity. The smallest angles in the two
9
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9
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triangles are congruent. The same is true for the middle angles and the
9
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9
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largest angles. Thus, the corresponding angles are congruent. The first
9
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9
condition has been satisfied. As for the second condition, the smallest sides
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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have a ratio of 3:1. The same ratio is true for the middle and long sides. It
9
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9
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doesnt matter that one triangle is much larger than the other one. As long
9
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9
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as the ratio stays the same for each corresponding side, the figures are
9
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9
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similar.
9
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9
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9
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Congruent means congruent. Two geometric figures that are congruent are
9
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9
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not
just
similarthey
are
exactly
the
same.
All
corresponding
angles
are
9
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9
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congruent,
and
all
corresponding
lengths
are
equal.
The
symbol
for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
congruent is like an equal sign with a wavy hairpiece on top of it (). If line
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
PC
and
AD
are
the
same
length,
then
PC

AD.
segments
9
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9
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9
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9
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7.
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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If polygons ABCDEF and GHIJKL are similar and y 1 2x 5 32,
9
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9
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then x 5
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(A) 6
9
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9
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(B) 8
9
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9
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(C)
10
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9
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(D) 12
9
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9
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(E)
16
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Since the polygons are similar, you know that corresponding sides have the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
same ratio. AF is twice the size of GL (10 and 5, respectively), so the
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318 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
corresponding lengths on ABCDEF are twice those on GHIJKL. This
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
means
y
5
2x.
Plug
this
into
the
equation
given
in
the
problem,
and
you
can
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
solve for x:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y 1 2x 5 32
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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~2x! 1 2x 5 32
9
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9
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4x
5
32
9
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9
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4x 32
9
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5
9
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4
4
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x58
9
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9
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The concept of congruency is more inflexible than the idea of similarity.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
With
similarity,
you
have
to
remember
the
whole
ratio
of
corresponding
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sides thing. If you have a problem dealing with similarity, expect the ratio
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
aspect
to
play
a
crucial
part
in
determining
the
right
answer.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
So far, every geometrical figure discussed has been very linear. Its time to
9
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9
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get
a
bit
bendy.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Fun with Circles
9
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9
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For at least two and a half millennia, geometers have thought pretty highly
9
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9
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of circles. Some have even gone so far as to worship them. The SAT test
9
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writers dont worship circles, but they do expect you to know a thing or two
9
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9
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about them.
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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O is called the center of the circle. All the points along the edge of the circle
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are
the
same
distance
from
O.
That
distance,
r,
is
called
the
radius.
The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
radius
is
any
line
that
goes
from
the
center
to
the
edge
of
the
circle.
If
a
line
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
starts at the edge of the circle, runs through O, and continues on to the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
opposite edge, it is called the diameter. By definition, every diameter is made
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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up of two radii, so diameter 5 2(radius). Any line segment whose endpoints
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 319
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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are on the edge of the circle is called a chord, like MN. The diameter is one
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
particular chord, the longest one.
9
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9
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9
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The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circles edge. Its like
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
perimeter
of
a
polygon.
Since
the
circumference
is
not
made
up
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
straight lines, its a little harder to calculate. Luckily for you, ancient
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mathematicians
came
up
with
a
little
tool
to
make
calculating
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
circumference a lot easier. Its called pi (pronounced pie), and its symbol is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
p. Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle divided by its diameter.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
circumference
9
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p5
9
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diameter
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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The nice thing about p is that no matter how big or small the circle, the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
numerical value of p stays the same. At least since that wacky Pythagoras,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mathematicians
have
been
refining
their
calculations
about
the
value
of
p.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
For the SAT, 3.14 is a good approximation of p (or just use the p button on
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your calculator).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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circumference
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Since p 5
, when you multiply both sides of the equation by
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
diameter
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
diameter
you
get:
circumference
5
p
3
diameter.
This
is
one
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
circumference formula for a circle, which is usually written c 5 pd.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Recalling
that
the
diameter
is
two
times
the
length
of
the
radius,
you
can
see
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
where
another
familiar
formula
for
the
circumference
comes
from,
2pr.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In addition to circumference, the other big circle formula is the area
9
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2
9
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formula. Pi comes in handy again for finding the area of a circle, A 5 pr .
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Notice that in both the equations for circumference (c 5 pd 5 2pr) and for
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the area, all you need is the radius, or the diameter. The test writers like to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
exploit
this
fact.
For
instance,
you
might
be
given
the
area
of
a
circle
and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
asked for the circumference. Such a problem is solvable because if you know
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
area,
you
can
find
the
radius,
and
if
you
know
the
radius,
you
can
find
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the circumference.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Arcs and Sectors
9
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9
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Arcs and sectors are related to circumference and area. You could say the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ideas are similar but not congruent. While circumference and area deal with
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the entire circle, arcs and sectors cover portions of a circle.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
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320 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Any part of the circumference of a circle is called an arc. Consider the part,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or
arc,
that
goes
from
A
through
B
to
C
in
the
figure
below.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This arc is called arc ABC, since it begins at A, goes through B, and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ends
at
C.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
There is a nice little formula for figuring out exactly what part of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
circumference an arc is. Recall that there are 360 degrees in a circle. The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
60
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angle of the arc is 60 degrees, which is
or of the degrees of the circle.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
360
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
arc
angle
and
the
length
of
the
arc
are
directly
related.
Since
the
arc
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angle is of the circles degrees, the arc length will be of the circles
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
circumference. So arcABC 5 circumference. The general formula is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
n
n
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
arc
length
5
3
c
5
3
2pr,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
360
360
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
where n is the measure of the arc angle.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If you cut up a circle into pie pieces, the pieces of the pie are called sectors.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 321
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You already know how to calculate the length of the arc of the sector; it
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
depends
on
the
measure
of
arc
angle,
a.
The
area
of
the
sector
also
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
depends on the arc angle. The formula for the area of a sector is A 5
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
pr
.
If
you
think
about
it,
this
formula
makes
sense.
If
a
is
big,
then
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360
9
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the sector would take up a large chunk of the pie. But if a is small then the
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sector would only take up a small sector of the pie.
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14.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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If the circumference of Circle T is 8p, what is the area of Circle S?
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(A)
4p
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(B) 9p
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(C)
16p
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(D) 25p
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(E)
36p
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9
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There is a lot going on in the figure, but you need to focus on the
9
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9
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information
you
have
been
given.
Circle
T
has
a
circumference
of
8p,
9
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9
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which
means
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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C 5 2pr
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x
1
2
8p
5
2p
~
!
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9
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8p 2p~x 1 2!
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5
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2p
2p
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45x12
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4
2
2
5
x
1
2
2
2
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25x
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2
2
Now
you
can
find
the
area
of
Circle
S,
A
5
pr
5
p(2)
5
4p,
choice
(A).
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9
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322 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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Tangency is the last major circle concept to know. A tangent to a circle is a
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line
that
touches
the
circle
at
one
point.
The
figure
below
gives
an
example
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9
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of a tangent line.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Notice
that
the
tangent
line
is
perpendicular
to
the
radius
that
shares
a
point
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9
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with it. Keep that fact in mind, because you might just need it on test day.
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9
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Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability
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Although many SAT-created categories have unwieldy and foreboding
9
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names,
this
one
takes
the
cake.
Yet
the
material
covered
under
this
heading
9
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9
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is not as stiff as it sounds. When you look over a chart or graph in a
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9
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newspaper,
you
are
conducting
data
analysis.
If
you
keep
track
of
how
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many
miles
per
gallon
your
car
consumes
(on
average),
thats
statistics.
As
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for probability, every student has pondered the question, What is the
9
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probability
that
I
could
not
study
for
this
test
and
still
get
an
excellent
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score?
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If that little pep speech didnt get you fired up about this section, heres
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9
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something else that might cheer you. This is the last section of the level 1
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math chapter. Stay diligent and soon you will have covered all the major
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topics that might appear on the SAT.
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9
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Interpreting Data
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9
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When
you
go
into
a
sandwich
shop
for
the
first
time,
you
have
to
look
at
the
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9
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menu to see what they offer and how much everything costs. Often, the
9
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9
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menu
is
a
big
board
hung
up
somewhere
behind
the
counter
with
all
the
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9
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items and prices. Glancing at it, you can quickly see that a small
9
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ham-and-Swiss
is
four
bucks,
and
a
chicken
salad
sandwich
is
four
fifty.
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9
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You probably dont think about it when you are ordering, but in looking at
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the menu, finding what you want, seeing how much it costs, you have
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9
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successfully read a table. The owners of the sandwich shop made the table
9
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9
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(the menu up on the wall) to communicate their wares and prices, and you
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9
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most likely had no problem correctly interpreting the table. That might not
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sound like much of a skill, but it is one that the SAT thinks is important.
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9
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9 323
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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There are a few basic rules to reading tables, graphs, and charts. First,
9
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9
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always
read
the
title.
If
you
are
going
to
understand
and
interpret
a
graph
9
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9
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correctly, you need to know what the graph is about. This is something that
9
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9
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people
do
regularly,
but
on
a
timed
test,
some
people
skip
this
step.
It
shaves
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9
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off a few seconds, but greatly increases the chances of making an error.
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9
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Second, read the axes titles or the row and column headings, or whatever
9
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9
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other
descriptions
there
are
of
the
material
being
presented.
Ultimately,
you
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9
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want to take a few seconds getting comfortable with what information is
9
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9
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being
presented.
This
way
when
you
read
the
question
about
the
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9
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information, you will know what they are asking about, and also where to
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find the answer.
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9
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The good news about these kinds of questions on the SAT is that all the
9
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information you need to find the answer will be right in front of you in the
9
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9
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table, graph, or chart. Yes, you might have to do a little math to find the
9
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9
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answer
(you
might
have
to
do
something
like
adding
together
the
totals
of
9
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9
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two columns), but the answer will most likely only be a few steps away from
9
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9
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what
is
right
in
front
of
you.
Take
a
look
at
the
graph
and
questions
below:
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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The following two questions refer to the above graph.
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9
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5. What month had the greatest decrease in the number of cars pro9
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duced compared to the previous month?
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9
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(A) February
9
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9
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(B) March
9
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9
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(C)
April
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9
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(D) May
9
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9
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(E)
June
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9
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9
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324 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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6. How many cars were produced at the Franklin Plant in February and
9
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March?
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(A) 2,500
9
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9
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(B)
4,000
9
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(C) 4,500
9
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(D)
5,000
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(E) 6,000
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The difficulty with the first question is untangling what it is asking. You are
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9
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comparing each month with the previous month. Specifically, you are
9
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comparing the number of cars (not the percentage change). February and
9
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9
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May were the only two months that were lower than the previous month.
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9
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Just
by
eyeballing
the
graph,
you
can
see
that
May
is
the
greatest
decrease.
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9
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Choice (D) is the answer.
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9
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In the second question, look to see how many cars were produced in
9
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9
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February and March (2,000 and 2,500 respectively). Adding these together,
9
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9
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4,500
is
the
sum,
choice
(C).
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9
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9
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Every graph, table, and chart you see on the SAT will present numerical
9
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data in a visual form. Regardless of how ordinary or strange it looks, thats
9
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9
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the fundamental purpose of this visual data. If you get a line graph like the
9
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9
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one in the car-production problem, the goal is to make sure you understand
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what the question is asking, and then retrieve the necessary information
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9
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from the graph. Harder problems might have stranger-looking graphs, or
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they might ask complicated questions about the information in the graphs,
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but
the
basic
strategy
remains
exactly
the
same.
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1.
Determine
what
the
question
wants.
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2. Look at the visual data to find the necessary information.
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9
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Chart reading is not rocket science. The more practice you get, the better
9
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you will be at handling these questions. If you currently feel uncomfortable
9
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9
with visual data, get some practice! Your local librarian can recommend
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9
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reference books filled with various charts, tables, and graphs. Many
9
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9
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newspapers have charts, tables, and graphs sprinkled throughout them.
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Start reviewing those newspapers (you can increase your vocabulary skills
9
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at
the
same
time,
if
you
recall.)
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Charts,
tables,
and
graphs
are
everywhere.
The
next
time
you
come
across
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9
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one,
make
up
an
SAT-like
question
about
it
on
the
spot.
When
you
can
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9
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imitate the test and its questions, you will realize how knowledgeable about
9
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9
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the
SAT
you
have
become.
9
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9
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9 325
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Averages
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There are four statistics words you will need to know for the SAT:
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1. average (arithmetic mean)
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2.
median
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3. mode
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4.
range
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Once you know these four terms, youll be good to go.
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Youll never see the first word, average, by itself on the SAT. The test writers
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want to make sure you know exactly what kind of average they are talking
9
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about when they use the word, so it will appear as average (arithmetic
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9
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mean). Dont let the stuff in the parentheses confuse you. What they mean
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by average is pretty simple, and its probably what you mean when you use
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the word average.
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The average (arithmetic mean) of a list of numbers is the sum of the
9
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numbers
divided
by
the
number
of
terms.
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sum
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average 5
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number of terms
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For instance, say you want to know the average (arithmetic mean) of your
9
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test
scores
in
American
history.
Your
scores
in
this
class
are
90,
80,
82,
and
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9
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78.
First
add
them
up
to
get
the
sum:
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9
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9
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90
1
80
1
82
1
78
5
330
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9
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There are four test scores, so divide the sum by four to get your average:
9
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9
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sum
330
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average
5
5
5
82.5
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number of terms
4
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9
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Your average (arithmetic mean) score is 82.5. It doesnt matter that you
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never actually scored an 82.5. Thats the number produced by summing up
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all the different tests and then dividing by the number of tests, so thats the
9
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average.
9
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9
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Median and mode are less commonly used, so you will not have as much
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9
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experience
working
with
them
as
you
do
with
mean.
Consider
a
set
of
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numbers, {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9, 3}. You find the median of this number set by
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9
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lining
up
the
numbers
from
least
to
greatest
{3,
3,
4,
5,
8,
9,
10}.
The
median
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9
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is
the
number
in
the
middle.
Since
there
are
seven
numbers
in
the
set,
the
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fourth from the right, 5, is the middle number, and so it is the median.
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9
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9
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326 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

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On
a
big
highway,
the
strip
of
ground
between
the
opposing
lanes
of
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9
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traffic is called the median. Thinking of this median strip of ground,
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9
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directly in the middle with equal lanes of traffic on both sides, is a good
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way to remember the concept of a median.
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What
if
there
were
one
more
number
in
the
set,
and
the
set
was
now
{2,
3,
3,
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9
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4, 5, 8, 9, 10}? A set with an even number of numbers has no middle
9
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9
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number.
This
is
where
the
mathematicians
step
in
and
say
that
the
median
is
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9
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the average (arithmetic mean) of the middle two numbers. In this case, the
9
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9
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two middle numbers are 4 and 5, and their average is 4.5. Therefore, 4.5 is
9
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9
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the
median
of
the
second
number
set.
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9
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9
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The mode is simply the number that occurs most often in a set. In our first
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9
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set of numbers, {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9, 3}, 3 is the only number that occurs more
9
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9
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than once. That makes 3 the mode. If we modify the number set by taking
9
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9
away one of the 3s then we have {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9}. There is no mode to this
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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set, since all the numbers occur just once. How about if we change the set
9
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9
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again by adding an 8 and a 4 {3, 8, 10, 4, 5, 9, 8, 4}? Now we have two
9
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9
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modes, 4 and 8, because both appear twice.
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9
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The range doesnt have any wrinkles like median and mode. It is always
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9
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easy
to
calculate.
The
range
is
the
difference
between
the
greatest
and
least
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9
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numbers
of
a
set.
The
range
of
your
American
history
test
scores
is
9
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9
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12, 90 2 78 5 12. The range of the number set we worked with above is
9
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9
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7,
10
2
3
5
7.
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9
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9
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9
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Statistics Recap
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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arithmetic mean,
sum of numbers divided by the number of
9
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9
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mean,
or
average
terms
in
set
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9
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median
middle number when set is lined up in
9
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9
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numerical order
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mode
number that appears most often in a set
9
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9
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range
difference between the greatest and least
9
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9
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values
in
a
set
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 327
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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7. At the end of each day Tina turns in the number of projects she has
9
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completed.
On
the
different
days
of
one
week,
Tina
turned
in
4,
6,
9,
9
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9
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14, and 4 projects. For this particular week, what is the difference
9
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between
the
average
(arithmetic
mean)
number
of
projects
Tina
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9
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completed and the median of projects Tina completed?
9
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9
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9
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Cutting
through
all
the
words,
{4,
6,
9,
14,
4}
is
the
number
set
you
are
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9
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working with. The problem asks for the difference between the average and
9
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9
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the median of this number set, so first you have to find the average and the
9
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9
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median. The average is:
9
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9
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4 1 6 1 9 1 14 1 4 37
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5
5
7.4
average
5
9
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5
5
9
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9
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9
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For the median, arrange the set from least to greatest, {4, 4, 6, 9, 14}, and
9
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9
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pick the middle number, which is 6. The difference between these two is
9
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9
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7.4 2 6 5 1.4.
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Probability
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What are the chances? How likely is it? These questions are all questions
9
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9
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about
probability.
There
is
a
simple
definition
for
the
probability
of
an
9
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9
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event occurring,
9
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9
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number-of-was-event-can-occur
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probability-of-an-event
5
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number-of-possible-outcomes
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9
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Flipping
a
coin
is
a
straightforward
example.
What
is
the
probability
of
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9
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flipping a quarter and it landing heads? When you flip a coin there are two
9
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1
9
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possible
outcomes,
heads
and
tails.
So
the
probability
is
or
0.5.
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2
9
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9
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Lets try a little more complicated scenario. If there are 18 boys and 22 girls
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9
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in a class, what is the probability that if one student is picked at random it
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9
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will be a boy? Since there are 18 boys, there are 18 different ways that a boy
9
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9
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could be picked at random. The total number of possible outcomes is the
9
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9
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total
number
of
students,
18
1
22
5
40.
So
the
probability
of
a
boy
being
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9
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9
18
9
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5
5
0.45.
picked
is
9
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40
20
9
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9
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9
Thats your basic probability problem. If you are in the easy portion of the
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9
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Math section and you come across a probability problem, odds are the
9
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9
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question
will
be
very
straightforward.
Youll
have
to
determine
the
total
9
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9
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number of ways an event could occur, and then place this number over the
9
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9
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9
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328 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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total number of possible outcomes. However, if the probability question is
9
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9
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in
the
medium
to
hard
portion
of
a
section,
finding
the
correct
answer
wont
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9
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be as simple.
9
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9
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9
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More Probability
9
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9
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Calculating
the
probability
of
multiple
independent
events
is
a
little
more
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9
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involved. Say you have to flip the coin a second time, and you need to know
9
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9
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the probability that it will land heads both times. The probability of the coin
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9
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landing heads both times is the product of the two individual probabilities
9
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9
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of the coin landing heads. The individual probabilities of the coin landing
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9
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1 1 1
1
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heads is , so the product of these individual probabilities is 3 5 .
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2
2 2 4
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9
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The multiple coin tosses is an example of the general rule of multi-event
9
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9
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probability:
the
probability
of
multiple
events
occurring
is
the
product
of
9
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9
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the individual probabilities.
9
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9
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9
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Probability problems can also involve geometry. For instance, take a look at
9
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9
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the figure below,
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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If a point is picked at random from the square, what is the probability that
9
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9
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1
9
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it will be in the shaded region? Since the shaded region makes up of the
9
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4
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1
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entire area, the probability the point would be in the shaded region is . The
9
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4
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same principles are involved in calculating the probability, but you are using
9
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geometry to determine the number of ways an event can occur and the
9
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9
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number of possible outcomes. Since there are four quadrants of equal size,
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9
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there are four possible outcomes, so the denominator of the probability is 4.
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The numerator is 1 because there is only one shaded quadrant.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 329
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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12.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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In the figure above the circular wheel is divided into 8 equal sectors.
9
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9
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If the wheel is spun twice at random, what is the probability that the
9
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9
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arrow will land on an even number and then a prime number?
9
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9
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1
9
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(A)
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16
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1
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(B)
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12
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9
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1
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(C)
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8
9
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9
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1
9
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(D)
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6
9
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9
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9
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1
9
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(E)
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4
9
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9
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Since
you
have
multiple
events,
you
have
to
determine
the
probability
of
9
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9
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each event first. Then you can calculate the probability of both occurring.
9
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9
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9
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What
is
the
probability
of
landing
on
an
even
number?
There
are
4
even
9
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9
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4 1
9
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numbers
out
of
8
numbers
total,
so
the
probability
is
5
.
9
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8
2
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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What is the probability of landing on a prime number? To answer this, you
9
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9
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need
to
go
way
back
to
the
beginning
of
this
chapter
and
remember
that
a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
prime
number
is
a
number
divisible
only
by
1
and
itself.
1
is
not
prime,
but
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9
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2 is, so the number of prime numbers is 4 (2, 3, 5, and 7). This is the same as
9
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9
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1
4
9
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5
.
The
probability
of
both
occurring
is
the
product
of
for
an
even
spin,
9
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8 2
9
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1 1 1
9
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9
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the two probabilities, 3 5 .
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2 2 4
9
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9
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There is a definite probability that you will encounter at least one
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
probability
question
on
the
SAT,
but
the
chances
are
very
slight
that
there
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
will be many of them. Probability questions on the SAT are like an
9
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9
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important
politician
showing
up
at
a
public
event:
They
always
make
an
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
appearance, but they never stay around for long.
9
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9
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330 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Take It to
the Next Level
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Fun
with
Symbols
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9
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One of the more difficult kinds of problems that shows up year after year on
9
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9
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the SAT is the Unfamiliar Symbol Problem. The problem begins by
9
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9
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defining
some
new
symbol
and
then
expects
you
to
work
with
that
symbol.
9
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9
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For instance, a problem might read:
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9
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9
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For all integers, x, let *x* be defined as follows:
9
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9
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*x* 5 2x if x is positive.
9
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9
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9
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2
if
x
is
negative.
*x*
5
x
9
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9
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9
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Given this definition of *x*, *22* 1 *3* 5
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9
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9
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Such
symbol
problems
can
be
a
little
jarring,
but
remember,
everything
you
9
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9
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need to know about the symbol to solve the problem has been given to you.
9
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9
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This is always the case. Some students get freaked out because they think
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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theyre already supposed to have some experience working with *x*, but
9
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9
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nothing could be further from the truth.
9
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9
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Relax,
take
a
second
to
comprehend
the
definition
of
the
new
symbol,
and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
then simply follow directions. The definition of the Unfamiliar Symbol will
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
always
tell
you
what
you
are
supposed
to
do
with
the
numbers
given.
In
the
9
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9
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example above, the definition says that if you see a positive integer between
9
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9
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the
stars,
double
it
(*x*
5
2x
if
x
is
positive).
If
the
integer
between
the
stars
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
if
x
is
negative).
is
negative,
square
it
(*x*
5
x
9
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9
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9
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For
the
actual
computation,
you
have
to
add
the
two
integers
between
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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stars, 22 and 3. Since 22 is negative, square it, which is 4. Three is positive
9
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9
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so double it, which is 6. Now add up the new values.
9
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9
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*22* 1 *3* 5 4 1 6 5 10.
9
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9
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9
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331

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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When strange symbol problems appear on the test, there are usually two to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
four
questions
that
pertain
to
them.
That
means
understanding
how
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
symbol works is important. When you see a weird symbol, take a little extra
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
time
to
make
sure
you
grasp
it.
Youll
get
that
time
back
in
the
end
because
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
it will take you less time to deal with each related problem if you really
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
understand how the symbol works.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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10. Let it be defined that , a , b . stands for the set of all integers
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
between a and b, including a and b. For example,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
, 2 , 5 . 5 { 2, 3, 4, 5 }.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If
x
is
in
,
3
,
7
.
and
y
is
in
,
7
,
10
.,
which
of
the
following
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
could be true?
9
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9
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9
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I.
x
.
y
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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II. x 5 y
9
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9
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III. x , y
9
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9
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9
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(A) III only
9
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(B) I and II only
9
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9
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(C) I and III only
9
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9
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(D)
II
and
III
only
9
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9
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(E) I, II, and III
9
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9
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9
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9
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Questions with Roman numerals in them are very time-consuming,
9
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9
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because you have to solve for I, II, and III. Since you only get credit for
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answering
one
question,
always
skip
Roman
numeral
problems
on
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
first pass. Do them on the second pass, and only after all regular
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problems
have
been
attempted.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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First, read the definition of the symbol and look at the example. Once you
9
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9
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have it, look at the question. If x is in , 3 , 7 . , that means x must be 3, 4,
9
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9
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5, 6, or 7 because those are the numbers in that set. Likewise, y must be 7, 8,
9
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9, or 10. Notice that x and y could both be 7, which means II could be true.
9
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9
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You can take this fact and use it to eliminate any answer choices that do not
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
contain II in them. This eliminate of choices (A) and (C), so if youre pressed
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
for
time,
you
could
guess
and
have
a
one-in-three
shot.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Since
this
section
of
the
book
is
untimed,
lets
keep
going.
You
know
x
could
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
also
be
3,
4,
5,
or
6,
less
than
the
values
in
y,
which
means
III
could
be
true.
9
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9
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However, the greatest possible value of x (7) is only equal to the least
9
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9
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possible
value
of
y
(7),
so
Roman
numeral
I
cant
be
true.
Choice
(D)
is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the answer.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
332 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Note

Take It to the Next Level

Note

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9
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9
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9
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9
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Sequences
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Math sequences put things in order according to some rule, like when a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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cheerleader shouts, Two! Four! Six ! Eight! This person is urging her
9
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team on with a sequence of numbers starting at 2, with each following
9
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9
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number
increasing
by
2.
Starting
at
2
and
increasing
by
2
is
the
rule
that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
organizes that particular math sequence. Go team!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Other sequences have different rules that organize them. A sequence might
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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start at 1, with each succeeding term being halved. That sequence would
9
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9
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1
1
1
9
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,
,
,
and
so
on.
look
like
this:
1,
9
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2 4 8
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Exponential
series
are
a
special
kind
of
series.
They
are
organized
by
a
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
particular kind of rule. In exponential series there is a constant ratio
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
between each consecutive term. Thats a bit heavy with the Math Speak, so
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
heres
an
example:
9
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9
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7, 21, 63, 189, 567, . . .
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
The constant ratio between each term is 3, as each term is three times
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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greater than the one that precedes it. Because of the constant ratio you can
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
write down an equation to describe this series as:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
n
2
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
,
where
n
is
the
number
of
the
term
in
the
sequence.
For
the
7
3
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
st
9
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equation, 7 is counted as the 1 term of the sequence, which means you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
n 2 1
0
9
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5 7 3 3 5 7 3 1 5 7.
plug in n 5 0, and get 7 3 3
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Exponential
series
also
go
by
the
name
geometric
series.
Both
names
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
refer
to
the
same
thing,
sort
of
like
how
Venus
and
Aphrodite
refer
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the same mythical person.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You might wonder if the fractional series we looked at above:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1 1 1
9
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1, , , . . .
9
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2 4 8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to
get
the
is
also
an
exponential
series.
It
is.
Each
term
is
multiplied
by
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
the
constant
ratio.
The
equation
for
that
exponential
next
term.
So
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
n21
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.
series is 13(2)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Notice that the form of the equations for two the exponential series is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the same: the first number in the series multiplied by a constant ratio
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
raised
to
the
n
2
1
power.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 333
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
That is how exponential series work. On the new SAT you might be asked
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to
do
more
than
just
identify
an
exponential
series.
You
might
be
asked
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
apply one to a real-life situation.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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13. A restaurant starts the lunch hour with 8 gallons of broccoli cheese
9
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9
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soup. If by serving the soup to customers, the amount of broccoli
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
soup is halved every 15 minutes, how much soup, in gallons, is left
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
after an hour and a half?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(A)
0.125
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) 0.150
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) 0.250
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D)
0.50
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) 1.00
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The first task is to identify that this situation can be described with an
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
exponential series. The tip is the halving of the amount every 15 minutes.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
That is the constant ratio of decrease. Every fifteen minutes the amount of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
soup is divided by two, which you could also describe as multiplied by
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one-half since it means the same thing. The equation is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
time
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15
1
9
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83
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Here the n-term is not just a simple number, but you find it by dividing the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
time elapsed by 15. Once you have the equation, the hard part is done. Just
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
plug an hour and a half into the equation, which is 90 minutes.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
90 4 15 5 6. Now all that is left is a little calculator work:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
83
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8
3
5
5
0.125
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
64
8
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Choice (A) is the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
nd
rd
th
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
21. The 2 , 3 , and 4 terms of a geometric sequence are b=3, 3b,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
th
and
3b
3
respectively.
What
is
the
8
term
of
this
sequence?
=
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) 9b
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B)
18b
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) 27b=3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D) 81b
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(E) 243=b
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
334 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

SD

SD

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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Since this is a geometric series, it is multiplied by a constant ratio. You can
9
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9
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bet
the
farm
that
finding
that
ratio
will
help
you
solve
this
problem.
To
do
9
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9
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this, look at the difference between the second and third term and ask
9
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9
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nd
rd
9
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yourself, What times b=3 gives 3b? (These are the 2 and the 3
9
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9
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terms, respectively.) The b stays the same, but =3 becomes a 3. This can
9
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9
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happen if =3 is multiplied by =3, since ~=3!~=3! 5 3.
9
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9
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9
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You now know the constant ratio is =3. Since the second term is b=3,
9
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9
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the first term must be b. This means the form of the sequence is b 3
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
n21
th
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~=3! . To find the 8 term, plug in n 5 8 into the form of the 999
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9
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sequence,
9
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9
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8
2
1
7
9
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b 3 ~=3!
5 b 3 ~=3!
9
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9
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1
9
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37
2
5b33
9
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9
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7
1
9
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5 b 3 32 3 32
9
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9
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3
9
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5
b
3
3
3
=
9
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9
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9
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5
27b
3
=
9
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9
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Choice (C) is correct.
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Sets
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A set is just a collection of things. A set of crayons is a collection of crayons.
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9
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A
set
of
dolls
is
a
collection
of
dolls.
Mathematicians
like
the
notion
of
set.
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9
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They like to organize and collect different math things together. And just as
9
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9
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there
are
lots
of
different
kinds
of
sets
in
real
life,
there
are
also
lots
of
9
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9
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different
kinds
of
sets
in
math.
When
you
make
a
math
set,
you
simply
pick
9
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9
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out the things that you want to collect together and call that your set. If you
9
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9
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want
to
collect
all
the
even
numbers
together,
then
call
set
M
the
collection
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9
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of all even numbers.
9
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9
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9
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Mathematicians have names for the things that are within sets. They are
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called members or elements. If set T is defined as {1, 7, 10}, 1, 7, and 10 are
9
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the members or elements of set T.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 335
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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There are two basic concepts related to sets that the SAT will expect you to
9
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9
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be
familiar
with:
9
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9
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1. The union of sets
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The
union
of
two
sets
is
just
the
combination
of
two
sets
(youre
9
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9
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uniting them). For instance, if set G is the set of all positive even
9
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9
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integers,
and
set
F
is
the
set
of
all
positive
odd
integers,
the
union
of
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9
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F and G is all of the positive integers.
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2. The intersection of two sets
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This is where two sets overlap, or share members. For example, if
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set M is {2, 3, 7, 9} and set N is {5, 7, 9}, the intersection of set M
9
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9
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and set N is {7, 9} because they are the two members shared by
9
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9
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both
sets.
9
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9
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7.
Set
X
is
the
integers
1
thru
5
inclusive,
and
set
Y
is
the
integers
6
thru
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9
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10 inclusive. Which of the following operations if performed on each
9
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member
of
set
X
would
produce
all
the
members
of
set
Y?
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9
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(A) Divide each member by 1.
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(B) Multiply each member by 2.
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9
(C) Multiply each member by 5.
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(D) Subtract 5 from each member.
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(E) Add 5 to each member.
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You are performing an operation on each of the members of the set X,
9
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9
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which
will
result
in
the
members
of
set
Y.
What
can
you
do
to
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
to
9
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9
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end
up
with
6,
7,
8,
9,
10?
If
you
dont
see
it
yet,
look
over
the
answer
9
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9
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choices. If you add 5 to 1, you get 6, and if you add 5 to 2, you get 7. That
9
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9
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looks
promising,
and
if
you
keep
going
you
will
see
the
answer
is
choice
(E).
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9
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9
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9
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Roots and Rational Exponents
9
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3
9
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The new SAT promises to have fractional exponents like x4, and also
9
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9
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23
negative exponents like z . These look pretty bizarre, but fractional and
9
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9
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negative
exponents
follow
simple
rules.
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9
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9
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Lets
start
with
fractional
power.
Expressed
mathematically,
a
fractional
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9
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exponent means:
9
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9
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x
9
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9
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y 5 =d
d
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9
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9
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Hopefully, many of you are math-savvy enough to understand what this
9
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9
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means. If not, keep in mind that this is an advanced topic, so if looking at
9
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9
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336 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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y

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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9
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9
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x
=
d
5
9
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y
d
hurts
your
head,
dont
sweat
it.
Understanding
basic
radicals
and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
exponents is all you need for the majority of the problems.
9
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9
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9
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With
a
fractional
exponent,
the
numerator
gives
you
the
power,
while
the
9
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3
9
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4
denominator gives you the root. In the case of 7 , the 3 means that you
9
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9
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would take 7 to the third power (7 3 7 3 7 5 343). The 343 would then be
9
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9
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3
4
9
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4 5 =343. If you
taken
to
the
fourth
root
since
the
denominator
is
4,
so
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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know the fourth root of 343 off the top of your head, good for you! You are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
MATH
GENIUS,
or
a
computer
masquerading
as
a
human.
9
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9
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9
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You probably wont have to actually solve a fractional exponent down to a
9
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9
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single number, but you might be asked to simplify or do some computations
9
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9
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with similar fractional exponents.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Working with Funky-Looking Fractional Exponents
9
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9
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Adding and Subtracting
9
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9
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Just
as
with
integer
exponents,
you
can
add
and
subtract
numbers
with
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
exponents if they have the same base and are raised to the same power.
9
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9
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9
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2
2
2
9
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3 1 b3 5 3b3
2b
9
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9
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9
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Multiplying
and
Dividing
9
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9
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As
long
as
the
numbers
have
the
same
base,
multiply
and
divide
away.
9
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9
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2 7
2 7
4
39
35
9
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1
1
9
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k5k2 5 k5 2 5 k10 10 5 k10
9
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3
9
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3
5
8
9
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4
c
24
24
9
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4
5
c
5
c
2
9
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c
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9
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9
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Negative exponents might seem like a strange idea, but they have a simple
9
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1
9
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21
9
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definition: x 5 . In the definition, you can see that when you take a
9
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x
9
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negative power that is in the numerator, and you put it in the denominator,
9
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9
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the
power
becomes
positive.
This
is
an
illustration
of
a
general
rule
with
9
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9
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exponents: when you take a term raised to a power from the numerator and
9
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9
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put
it
in
the
denominator,
or
vice
versa,
you
switch
the
sign
of
the
power.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
9
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x
a
2b
a
2
b
b
9
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. When x
For instance, recall that in dividing exponents b 5 x x 5 x
9
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x
9
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2b
is taken from the denominator and put in the numerator, it becomes x .
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 337
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x

Take It to the Next Level

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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16. If z24 5 81, then z2 5
9
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9
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1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
B.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
C. 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
D. 6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
E.
9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This is an excellent problem to plug in answer choices. To make sure you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
know
how
to
solve
for
z,
here
is
the
textbook
approach:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
24
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
z 5 81
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
81
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
z4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
4
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
z
3
5
81
3
z
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
z
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
5
81z
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
1
81z
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
81
81
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5z
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
81
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1
1
1
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
z
5
5
3
3
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
81 3 3 3 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
z5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The second to last step is a bit intuitive. Theres no easy, direct way to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
determine
the
fourth
root
of
a
number.
Instead,
you
have
to
dabble
with
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
some small fractions, multiply them together four times, and see if you end
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
up
with
what
you
need.
In
this
case,
turned
out
to
be
the
fourth
root
of
.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
81
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The question asked for z , which you can find easily enough:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1 1 1
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
z
5
3
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
338 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18. If xy 5 25 then x2 5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The key to this problem is the difference between x and x2, which, of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
course, is that the second term is raised to the one-half power. But what does
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
it mean for something to be raised to the one-half? Raising to the one-half is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the same as taking the square root. So take the square root of x if you want
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
2
to
find
out
what
x
is,
x
5
25
5
5.
=
=
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Numbers and Operations is a big category, and we could take another 100
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pages
to
define
and
delineate
even
more
terms.
Thankfully,
we
wont.
What
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you have here are the basic terms and concepts that you will see throughout
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
new
SAT.
You
might
not
see
every
advanced
topic,
but
you
can
be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
99.99%
certain
that
you
will
encounter
crucial
topics
like
fractions,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
percents, exponents, and square roots.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
So learn these terms! Youll see them on numbers and operations questions,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
as well as on other problems involving geometric figures, bar graphs, and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
algebraic equations. Speaking of algebra . . .
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Radical
Equations
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
radical
equation
does
not
describe
political
revolution.
It
is
just
an
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equation that has a radical sign in it. You solve these equations the same
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
way
you
would
solve
any
equation,
but
you
have
to
work
with
the
radical.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
1
11
5
20,
what
is
x
?
If
3
6.
=
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
O O O O
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 339
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
/

Take It to the Next Level

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The first order of business is figuring out what x is. Time once again to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
manipulate
an
equation
to
find
a
numerical
value
for
a
variable.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
x
1
11
5
20
=
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3=x 1 11 2 11 5 20 2 11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3=x 5 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3=x 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
=x 5 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x59
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The second to last step, where both sides are squared, is a key idea to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
remember.
With
a
radical
equation,
you
want
to
isolate
the
segment
under
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the radical on one side of the equation and have everything else on the other
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
side. You can then square both sides to eliminate the radical.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
If x59 then x 5 81, so this is the value to grid in.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Radical equations look daunting to students who are uncomfortable with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
radicals and manipulating equations. Since you have just reviewed both
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
radicals and equations, these problems should not make you anxious. It is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
yet another example of how understanding the basic set-up of the math
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problems goes a long way in helping you answer them correctly.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Direct
and
Inverse
Proportion
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Heres
a
statement
most
people
would
agree
with:
The
more
someone
bugs
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you, the more annoyed you get. If they bother you a lot, you get really
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
annoyed,
and
if
they
bother
you
only
a
little
bit,
youre
only
a
little
annoyed.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Anyone who has a brother or sister will probably agree with these facts.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Mathematicians go one step further and use the term direct proportion to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
describe this. Mathematicians do this because they like to be precise, and it
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
allows them to show off and use a formula:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
5
kx
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In this formula, y is your irritation, x is the amount youre being pestered,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
k
is
a
constant
factor
that
makes
sure
that
all
the
units
and
values
work
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
340 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
out right. The constant k stays the same, but as x increases, y increases. If x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
decreases,
then
y
decreases.
In
other
words,
when
one
value
decreases
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
other value decreases by a constant (k) amount. The equation y 5 kx shows
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
direct
proportion
between
x
and
y.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Inverse proportion is the opposite of direct proportion. With inverse
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
proportion,
when
one
value
increases,
the
other
value
decreases
(and
vice
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
versa). For example, the amount of gasoline in a cars gas tank is inversely
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
proportional to the number if miles driven on that tank of gas. If you fill up
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the gas tank completely, then you have a lot of gas but have not driven at all.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As the amount of driving increases, the amount of gas in your tank
9
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9
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k
9
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decreases. This is shown mathematically as y 5 .
9
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x
9
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9
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Again k is a constant. As y increases, x must decrease for the equality to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
remain
true,
and
as
y
decreases
x
must
increase
for
the
equality
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
remain true.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You
can
plug
in
some
numbers
for
x
and
y
to
help
see
this.
Start
with
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
k
5
1
and
x
5
2.
You
can
see
this
makes
y
5
.
Now
increase
x
so
that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 4. What new fraction does this make y, and is the new fraction
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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greater or smaller than one-half?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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8.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Given the above table, which of the following could model the
9
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9
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relationship between x and y?
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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3
9
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(A) y 5
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2x
9
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9
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5
9
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y
5
(B)
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x
9
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9
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(C) y 5 2x
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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(D) y 5 3x
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9
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9
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(E)
4
5
yx
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 341
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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First determine whether the relationship is direct or inverse. As x increases,
9
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9
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y
increases,
so
the
relationship
is
directly
proportional.
This
means
you
can
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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cross out (A), (B), and (E), since these are all inverse relationships. You have
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
only
two
choices
remaining,
(C)
and
(D),
so
take
values
from
the
table
and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
plug them in to one of the answer choices. If they work, thats your answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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If not, theres only one choice left, so pick it.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Looking at the table, 2 times 3 is 6, 3 times 3 is 9, 4 times 3 is 12, and
9
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9
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5 times 3 is 15. Thus k 5 3, which is (D).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Direct and inverse proportions can be shown using variables and
9
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formulas, which is why they fall under the category of algebra. A good first
9
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9
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step on these questions is to ask, Is this an inverse or a direct proportion?
9
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9
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Once
you
decide
that,
you
can
jot
down
the
appropriate
formula
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
k
9
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y 5 kx or y 5
and start looking for numerical values to replace
9
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x
9
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9
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the variables.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Domain and Range
9
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9
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There are two concepts related to functions that need to be covered, domain
9
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and range. In Math Speak, the domain of a function is the set of values over
9
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9
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which the function is defined. Translated into English, the domain of a
9
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9
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function is all the values of x where the function makes sense.
9
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9
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9
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The next million-dollar question is, What does it take for a function to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
make
sense?
An
example
might
be
more
helpful
than
another
Math
Speak
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
definition,
so
here
is
a
situation
in
which
a
mathematician
would
say
a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
function doesnt make much sense at all.
9
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9
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9
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1
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, what is the value of f(x) when x 5 2?
If f is defined by f ~x! 5
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x22
9
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9
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1
1
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2
5
If
you
replace
all
the
xs
with
2s,
you
get
f
5
.
As
you
might
~
!
9
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222 0
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
recall from algebra class, any fraction with a zero in the denominator is
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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undefined. In other words, when you put the number 2 into this function, it
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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doesnt make any sense. The answer you get back is not defined. This means
9
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9
that the domain of this function does not include 2. Are there any other
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
values for x that this function is not defined for? Nope. So the domain of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this function is, All values for x except 2.
9
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9
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9
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x
2
2
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Lets take two more functions, f(x) 5 x2 1 x and f ~x! 5
9
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x. What is the
x22
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
domain of these two functions? For the first one, you can input any value of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x and the function will spit out a number. That means the domain is all
9
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9
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342 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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9
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9
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values of x. How about the second function? You might suspect that there is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
value
of
x
where
the
denominator
would
equal
zero,
but
can
you
find
it?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
No, because there isnt one. Again the domain is all values of x.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
range
of
a
function
is
all
the
values
that
the
function
can
produce,
or
all
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the values that the function can spit out. Suppose f is defined by f(x) 5 x .
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
No
matter
what
value
for
x
you
put
into
the
function,
it
will
never
spit
out
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
anything negative. The squared x means that the least value that the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
function will equal is zero (when x 5 0). So the range of this function is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
from zero to as far as you want to go in the positive direction.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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13. If f is defined by f(x) 5 2x4 1 4, which of the following is not in the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
range
of
f?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) 24
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) 21
9
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(C) 0
9
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9
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(D) 5
9
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9
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(E) None of the above.
9
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9
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9
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The way to approach the problem without a graph is to think about the func9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
means
that
whatever
positive
or
negative
tion
term
by
term.
The
term
2x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
value you put into the equation, this part of the expression will be negative. So
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
it
is
easy
to
see
how
the
function
could
equal
(A)
or
(B).
How
about
(C),
0?
Yes,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
4
the
function
will
equal
zero.
Choice
(D),
though,
looks
like
it
when
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
might be out of the range. The plus 4 is the only positive contribution to the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
0).
value
of
the
function.
So
the
functions
greatest
value
is
4
(when
2x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Thus 5 is out of the range of the function, so the answer is (D).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Sketching the function on an xy-axis is another way to approach this problem.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
term
means
that
the
graph
will
have
A
rough
sketch
is
all
that
is
needed.
The
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a parabola like x2 would, only the parabola will be steeper in the x4. Notice
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
so
the
parabola
will
be
upside
down.
that
there
is
a
negative
in
front
of
the
x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The plus 4 part of the function means that when x 5 0 the function equals 4,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
so
the
function
must
crest
at
four.
Here
is
a
rough
sketch
of
this
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 343
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

X-Ref

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9
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9
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9
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From the sketch you can see that the function never gets higher than 4.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Choice
(D),
5,
then
is
out
of
the
range
of
the
function.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
When solving the problem using the graph method, the values of f(x)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
corresponded
to
the
values
along
the
y-axis.
If
you
graph
a
function,
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
values along the x-axis correspond to the x values in the function, and the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
values
along
the
y-axis
correspond
to
the
values
of
f(x).
Since
x
corresponds
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to the x-axis and f(x) to the y-axis, you can look at a graph of a function
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and read off the domain and the range. For instance, consider the two
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
following graphs of functions.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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Look
at
the
graph
on
the
left.
The
domain
is
all
the
possible
values
along
the
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9
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x-axis, and the range is all the possible values along the y-axis. Nothings
9
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9
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excluded
here.
The
graph
on
the
right
tells
a
different
story.
Here,
the
9
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9
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domain is all the possible values along the x-axis, but the range is just the
9
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positive values of the y-axis.
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Notice that the graphed function above on the left is written as f(x) 5 x 1 1.
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9
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It could also be written y 5 x 1 1 because on a graph f(x) 5 y. This function
9
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9
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is a linear function because it is a line, as you can see. Linear functions can
9
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9
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always be put into the y 5 mx 1 b form. If you see a function in that form,
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9
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you know that its graph is a line. Viewed from the other direction, if you see
9
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9
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a
graph
of
a
line,
you
know
that
the
function
it
graphs
can
take
the
form
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9
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y 5 mx 1 b.
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9
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All graphs on the SAT, though, arent linear. Some look like the graph above
9
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9
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on the right, which is the graph of a quadratic function. The graph of this
9
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9
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quadratic
will
be
a
parabola
instead
of
a
straight
line.
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To
refresh
your
memory
about
quadratics
and
equations
with
squared
9
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2
9
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terms like x in it, look back on page 284.
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9
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344 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

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15. Which of the following is not the graph of a function?
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(A)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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(B)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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(C)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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(D)
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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9
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9
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(E)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 345
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Remember the cardinal rule about functions: only one y value for every x
9
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9
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value.
Use
the
vertical
line
test
to
see
if
a
graph
meets
this
rule:
If
you
can
9
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9
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draw a vertical line through a graph that intersects the graph more than
9
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9
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once,
then
there
is
more
than
one
y
value
for
an
x
value.
If
the
vertical
line
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9
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intersects the graph twice, there are two y values for one x value, so it could
9
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9
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not be a function. Which of the answer choices fails the vertical line test?
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Choice (A) is the impostor function.
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9
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17.
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Which of the following functions is graphed above?
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9
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9
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(A)
f(x)
5
|x
2
1|
9
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2
9
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2
1
(B)
f(x)
5
x
9
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2
9
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(C) f(x) 5 x 2 2
9
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2
9
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(D) f(x) 5 |x 2 1|
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9
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|x2 2 2|
9
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(E) f ~x! 5
9
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x21
9
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9
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346 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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9
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9
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9
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Take a second to examine the graph before getting to the functions. There
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are
three
important
features
to
notice:
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1. The graph is curved, so the function must be a quadratic.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. The graph is always positive, which suggests that there are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
probably some absolute value signs involved, or everything is
9
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9
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squared.
9
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9
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3. f(x) 5 0 at 21 and 1.
9
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9
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9
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Point
1
eliminates
choice
(A),
since
it
is
a
linear
function
(x
is
not
squared).
9
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9
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Choices (B) and (C) can be negative (e.g. x 5 0), which violates Point 2.
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9
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Choice
(E)
does
not
meet
Point
3.
Choice
(D)
is
all
thats
left,
so
(D)
is
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the answer.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Multiple Figure Problems
9
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9
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One way that the SAT makes geometry problems harder is by piling on the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
figures. The usual story is that they will give you two or three figures, tell
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you something about one of the figures, and ask about a feature of one of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the other figures. The key to such problems is that the figures have some
9
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9
kind of relationship, perhaps they share a side, or the diameter of one is the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
diagonal of another. Figuring out this relationship is critical, because it will
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
unlock how to use the given information to find the answer. So when you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
see
a
multiple-figure
problem,
always
ask,
What
is
the
relationship
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
between these two figures?
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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17.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.
.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In the above figure, A and B are the centers of the two circles. If the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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area of each circle is 9p, what is the perimeter of the rectangle?
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) 9p
9
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9
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(B) 30
9
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9
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(C)
36
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9
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(D) 45
9
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9
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(E) 18p
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9
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9
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9 347
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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What is the relationship between the figures? Heres what you know.
9
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9
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1. First, the circles are congruent because they have the same area.
9
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9
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9
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2.
You
can
see
that
AB
is
a
radii
of
both
circles.
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9
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9
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3. The diameter of the circles is the width of the rectangle, and the
9
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9
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length
of
the
circle
is
three
radii.
So
length
5
3r
and
width
5
2r.
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9
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9
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That last point is the toughest to see, but if you take a pencil and start
9
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drawing radii, you will see that it is true. Now all you need to do is find the
9
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9
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value of r, and you can determine the length and width of the rectangle.
9
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9
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Since the area of the circles is 9p, the radius is
9
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9
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9
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2
9
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A 5 pr
9
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2
9
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9p 5 pr
9
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2
9
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9p
pr
9
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5
9
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p
p
9
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9
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2
95r
9
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9
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9
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35r
9
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9
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9
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That means the width of the rectangle is 6 (2r), and the length is 9 (3r).
9
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Placing these values into the perimeter formula for a rectangle gets you:
9
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9
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9
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9
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P 5 2w 1 2l
9
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9
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P 5 ~2!~6! 1 ~2!~9!
9
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9
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P
5
12
1
18
9
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9
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P 5 30
9
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9
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9
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The answer is choice (B).
9
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9
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There are so many possible figure combinations (circle-triangle, rectangle9
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9
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parallelogram,
and
so
forth),
that
it
would
take
too
much
time
to
go
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
through
every
one
of
them.
It
would
also
be
unnecessary,
since
the
key
to
all
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
combinations remains the same regardless of what figures are used. You
9
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9
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need
to
figure
out
the
relationship
between
the
two
figureswhat
common
9
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9
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sides, angles, or points they shareand then use that knowledge to bridge
9
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9
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the gap from what is given to you in the problem and what is being
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9
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asked for.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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348 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

Note

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9
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Coordinate Geometry
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9
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Unless you slept all the way through algebra I, geometry, and algebra II, you
9
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9
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are familiar with the coordinate plane.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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The coordinate plane is made up of two number lines. One runs up and
9
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9
down and is called the y-axis. The other runs right to left and is called the
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9
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x-axis. The nice thing about the coordinate plane is that you can precisely
9
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9
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locate everything on it. Every point on the plane has two coordinates, an x
9
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9
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one
and
a
y
one.
The
x-coordinate
tells
you
where
along
the
x-axis
the
point
9
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9
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is, and the y-coordinate tells you where along the y-axis the point is. The
9
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9
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notation
looks
like
this
(x,y).
So,
(4,22),
for
example,
means
4
along
the
9
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9
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x-axis and 22 along the y-axis. The coordinate plane below has that point
9
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9
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graphed
on
it
and
also
(0,2).
9
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9
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9
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9
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On
a
coordinate
plane,
all
x
values
left
of
the
y-axis
are
negative,
while
9
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9
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all x values to the right of the y-axis are positive. All y values below the
9
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x-axis are negative, while the y values above the x-axis are positive.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 349
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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If a line were drawn between those two points, what would the slope of the
9
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9
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line
be
like?
It
would
lower
moderately,
going
from
left
to
right
(and
left
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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right is the direction you should always be going when using a coordinate
9
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9
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plane).
There
is
a
mathematical
definition
for
slope
that
is
more
precise
than
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
our eyeball description. The slope is the change in the y divided by the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
change in x, also called the rise over the run. To find the slope, you need
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
any
two
points
along
the
line.
For
our
line,
9
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9
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9
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4
change-in-y y2 2 y1 2 2 ~22!
9
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5
5
5
5 21
slope 5
9
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change-in-x
x
2
x
2
4
24
9
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2
1
9
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9
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The slope is negative because the line goes down from left to right. Lines
9
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9
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that
go
up
from
left
to
right
have
a
positive
slope.
The
1
in
the
slope
means
9
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9
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that it changes one in the y-direction for every one it changes in the
9
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9
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x-direction.
Putting
it
another
way,
it
rises
one
(or
falls
one
in
this
case)
for
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9
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every one that it runs.
9
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9
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9
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When you are calculating the change in x and y, it doesnt matter which
9
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point you make (x1,y1) or (x2,y2). Just be consistent with your choice in the
9
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9
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numerator and denominator.
9
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9
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9
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Slope
is
an
important
element
when
graphing
linear
equations.
There
is
a
9
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9
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basic form for all linear equations that looks like y 5 mx 1 b. In this
9
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9
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format:
9
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9
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9
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1. the slope is m,
9
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9
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9
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2. b is the y-intercept, or the point where the line passes through the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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x-axis, and
9
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9
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3. the x and y values are for any point along that line.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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If you start out with a linear equation like 22x 5 y 1 3 and rewrite it in the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
above
form,
you
can
then
read
off
the
properties
of
that
line
much
easier.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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22x 5 y 1 3
9
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9
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22x 2 3 5 y 1 3 2 3
9
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9
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9
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22x 2 3 5 y
9
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9
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y
5
22x
2
3
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9
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9
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The slope of the line is m (the coefficient of the x-term), which in this case is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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22.
The
y-intercept
is
23,
so
the
point
where
this
line
crosses
the
y-axis
is
at
9
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9
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(0, 23). Since you have a point and the slope, you can graph the line.
9
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9
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9
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9
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350 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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The
line
passes
through
the
y-intercept
at
(0,23).
The
slope
is
22,
which
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translates to a fall of two for every run of one.
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Lets
try
a
problem.
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11.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Which of the following is the equation for the line graphed above?
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(A)
x
5
2y
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(B) 2x 5 y
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(C)
x
5
y
2
2
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(D) x 5 y
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(E) None of the above.
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You can place each of these equations into the form y 5 mx 1 b, but first
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look at the diagram and think about the line. What is the y-intercept? The
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line passes through the origin, the center of the coordinate grid at (0,0). This
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makes the y-intercept zero.
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9 351
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Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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Onto the slope. It rises one for every one that it runs, and it is going up from
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left
to
right,
so
the
slope
is
1.
In
y
5
mx
1
b
form
this
equation
looks
like
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this, y 5 (1)x 1 0, which simplifies to y 5 1x or x 5 y, the same as (D).
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The
SAT
will
put
any
number
of
geometrical
figures
onto
a
coordinate
plane
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and expect you to use both geometry and the coordinate plane to solve
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problems.
Usually
some
significant
part
of
a
figure,
like
a
side
length,
or
the
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radius of a circle, will be discernable from the coordinate plane.
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Recognizing what the coordinate plane tells you about the figure is often a
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key to solving the problem.
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16.
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9
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How many diagonals can be drawn with a positive slope in hexagon
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ABCDEF?
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(A) None
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(B) One
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(C)
Two
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(D) Three
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(E)
Four
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9
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Diagonals are lines that originate and terminate at the points of the
9
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hexagon.
Start
with
point
A
and
picture
all
the
diagonals
that
could
be
9
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9
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created. AC, AD, and AE all have a positive slope. (The slope of AF is zero,
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which
is
not
positive.)
Thats
three
diagonals
with
a
positive
slope.
For
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point B, BD is positive, but BE will have a slope of zero since the y-value for
9
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both points is 5. BC isnt a diagonal because it is one of the figures sides.
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None of the other points can generate a new diagonal. The total is four, so
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the answer is (E).
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

X-Ref

Take It to the Next Level

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Graphs
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9
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Remember functions? Well, the SAT has come to think that the graphs of
9
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9
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functions are important, so you need to know something about them and
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how they work.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Inspect the graph of f(x) above. How many times on the portion of the
9
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9
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graph
shown
does
f(x)
5
3?
Remember
that
on
graphs
f(x)
means
y.
The
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9
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question is really asking, How many different times does y 5 3 on the
9
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9
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graph? The easiest way to see the answer is to draw the line y 5 3,
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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How
many
times
does
the
y
53
line
intersect
with
the
graph?
4
times.
That
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9
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is how many times f(x) 5 3 on the graph shown.
9
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9
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In the previous problem you were given a graph of a function, and you had
9
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9
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to answer a question about its behavior. The new SAT will expect you to be
9
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9
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able
to
do
this
sort
of
reasoning
with
graphed
functions.
9
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9
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The new SAT will also expect you to be able to work with simple
9
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9
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transformations of functions and their graphs. That sounds intimidating,
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9
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but dont run for cover yet. A transformation of a function is going from
9
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f(x) to say f(x 1 3). This just means that instead of putting x into the
9
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9
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9
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If you want a quick review of functions, turn back to page 298 in this
9
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9
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chapter.
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9
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9 353
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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function, you are putting x 1 3 into the equation. That is the
9
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9
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3
9
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x
5
x
1
transformation
of
the
function.
For
example,
if
f
then:
.
~
!
9
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x
9
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9
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3
9
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x
1
3
5
x
1
3
1
f
~
!
~
!
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~x 1 3!
9
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9
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9
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Function
transformations
also
involve
the
graph
of
a
function.
If
9
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9
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2
9
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f ~x! 5 2 x 2 2 then the graph of f(x) is (notice that the function is in
9
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3
9
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y 5 mx 1 b form)
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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But what if f(x) were transformed to f(x 1 2)? First, replace all the xs with
9
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9
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2
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x 1 2, and you get f(x 1 2) 5 2 (x 1 2) 2 2, which simplifies to
9
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3
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9
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2
10
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x
1
2
5
2
x
2
.
f
~
!
9
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3
3
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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The
transformed
function
is
still
a
line
with
the
same
slope
but
with
a
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10
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different y-intercept, b 5 2 .
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3
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9
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There are many steps to these transformation problems, and they involve
9
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9
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healthy doses of geometry, algebra, and functions. If you can answer these
9
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9
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questions
with
little
problem,
then
it
is
a
very
good
sign
that
you
understand
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9
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these basic math principles, and can apply them on easy, medium, or
9
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hard
problems.
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9
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354 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

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18.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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3
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If
the
function
graphed
above
is
f(x)
5
x
,
which
of
the
following
is
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the graph of f(x 2 1)?
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(A)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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(B)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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(C)
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9
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9
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9
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(D)
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9
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9
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(E)
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 355
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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You might not be too comfortable with x3, but this function works like all
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9
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others.
The
first
thing
to
notice
about
the
transformation
is
that
it
wont
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change the basic shape of the original function. In the transformed function,
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(x
2
1)
is
being
cubed
instead
of
x,
but
(x
2
1)
for
different
values
of
x
is
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still just a number being cubed. That means the shape of the transformed
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function is the same. With this information you can cross out choice (E).
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9
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That leaves four answers. The 21 term just shifts the graph over 1. Answer
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choices (A), (B), (C), and (D) shift the graph over 1, so the question
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becomes, Which shift is the right one? To see which one is correct, when
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does f(x 2 1) 5 0? When x 5 1,
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3
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x
2
1
5
1
2
1
5
0
f
~
!
~
!
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So when x 5 1, f(x 2 1). 5 0 That matters because f(x 21) 5 y in this case.
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For which graph does y 5 0 when x 5 1? Stated in coordinate grid terms,
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which
graph
has
point
(0,1)?
Only
choice
(B)
contains
this
point,
so
it
is
the
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answer.
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If
you
do
decide
to
answer
a
transformation
function
problem,
save
it
for
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9
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the second pass since these problems take time even when you know exactly
9
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9
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what
youre
doing.
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9
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3-D
Geometry
9
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9
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You wont get a pair of those cool glasses to see figures jump off the page, but
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harder geometry problems will involve the third dimension. Fortunately,
9
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9
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there are only a few 3-D figures the SAT will expect you to work with.
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The first is the rectangular solid. It is the three-dimensional version of the
9
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9
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rectangle,
which
means
that
all
of
its
sides
are
rectangles.
Also,
like
the
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rectangle, faces of a rectangular solid opposite each other are identical.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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356 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

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Recall how the rectangle and square are related. The rectangular solid and
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9
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the
cube
are
related
in
a
similar
fashion.
The
cube
is
a
special
kind
of
9
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9
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rectangular solid, namely the kind whose width, height, and length are all
9
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the
same.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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There is one more 3-D figure to inspect, the cylinder. Think of the cylinder
9
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9
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as a bunch of circles stacked up on top of each other.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Thinking of a cylinder as a bunch of stacked circles provides more than a
9
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9
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good visual. It also gets your brain thinking of 3-D figures as multiple 2-D
9
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9
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figures
welded
together
in
some
way.
The
best
approach
to
many
3-D
figure
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problems is to treat them like multiple-figure problems. A rectangular solid
9
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9
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is composed of six rectangular faces, but it also has triangles throughout its
9
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9
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interior.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9 357
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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Using these undrawn but present 2-D figures can be the key to answering a
9
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9
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problem
like
the
one
below.
9
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9
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9
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16.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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In
the
figure
above,
what
is
the
shortest
distance
from
B
to
F?
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9
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9
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A. =14
9
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B. =74
9
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C. 10
9
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D. =102
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E. 14
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9
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The line BF is definitely the shortest route from B to F? The problem is
9
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9
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figuring out how long BF is. To find this distance, you need to uncover
9
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9
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the triangle BFH. This triangle is not drawn out for you in the diagram, but
9
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9
you can sketch it yourself or just imagine it. Line BF is the hypotenuse of
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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right triangle BFH. If we find the two other sides of that triangle, then we
9
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9
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can find BF. You know BH equals 7 since this is the height of the solid. You
9
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9
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can
find
HF
by
looking
at
the
bottom
rectangle:
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9
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9
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H
9
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9
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3
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9
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G
9
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9
E
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4
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F
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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358 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

Note

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HF is the hypotenuse of the 3-4-5 triangle, so it is 5. Now you can try to
9
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9
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find
BF,
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9
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9
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B
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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7
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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F
H
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5
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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You should not be surprised that a 3-4-5 right triangle just happens to
9
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9
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appear in a place where you can use it. That sort of coincidence is
9
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9
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what the SAT Math section is all about.
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9
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BF is the hypotenuse of this triangle. Using the Pythagorean theorem,
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9
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2
2
2
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5
a
1
b
c
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9
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BF!2 5 ~HF!2 1 ~BH!2
~
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9
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2
2
2
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BF! 5 5 1 7
~
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2
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~BF! 5 25 1 49
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9
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2
~BF! 5 74
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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BF 5 =74
9
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9
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If you see a cube in a problem, dont see only the six squares that form its
9
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9
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faces. Imagine all the other geometric forms that can be easily created. For
9
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9
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example, drawing a diagonal on a face of the cube creates two 45-45-90
9
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9
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triangles. The key to answering a 3-D geometry problem often lies in finding
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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these hidden figures.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Averages
9
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9
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There
is
another
kind
of
average;
it
involves
a
conceptual
wrinkle.
It
is
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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called a weighted average. Consider the example below to see how a
9
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weighted average differs from a straightforward average.
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9
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9
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In
a
group
of
12
adults,
7
are
25
years
old,
and
5
are
32
years
old.
What
is
9
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9
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the average (arithmetic mean) of these 12 adults?
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9 359
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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In the averages you worked previously, you were given a number set. You
9
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9
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added
up
the
numbers
and
then
divided
by
the
number
of
numbers
in
the
set.
9
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9
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9
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Here you are only given two numbers, 25 and 32, but the average is not just
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9
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32
1
25
9
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because
there
are
more
25-year-olds
than
32-year-olds.
In
this
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2
9
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9
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sense, 25 should have a greater weight in the average of the two numbers.
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9
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You can give it the greater weight a few different ways, but the most
9
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straightforward is to multiply each age by the number at that age, and
9
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9
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divide by the entire number of the group:
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9
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9
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7~25! 1 5~32! 175 1 160 335
9
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5
5
' 27.92
average 5
9
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12
12
12
9
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9
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The age 25 was weighted more than the age 32 because there were more
9
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9
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25-year-olds than 32-year-olds.
9
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9
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9
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You can still think of this weighted average as a regular average. You just
9
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9
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took
the
average
of
the
set
{25,
25,
25,
25,
25,
25,
25,
32,
32,
32,
32,
32}.
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9
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9
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9
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Matrices
9
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9
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The word matrix probably conjures up images of a black-suited Keanu
9
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9
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Reeves and a scowling Lawrence Fishburne. Put those images aside for the
9
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9
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moment.
9
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9
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Matrices are queer little math entities that have some interesting applica9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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tions if you are into quantum mechanics. But you dont need to worry about
9
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9
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that
for
the
SAT.
You
will
need
to
be
able
to
identify
a
matrix
and
then
find
9
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9
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its determinant. Sounds difficult, but it isnt. As for identifying a matrix,
9
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9
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they
look
like
this:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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a b
9
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9
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c d
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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The determinant of the above matrix looks like this:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a b
9
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9
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determinant
5 ad 2 bc
9
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c d
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Dont worry about what the determinant is, just make sure you understand
9
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9
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how to calculate it. If the illustration is not clear, remember ad 2 bc just
9
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9
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means a times d minus b times c. So if you are asked to find the determinant
9
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9
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just calculate ad 2 bc, the product of one diagonal minus the product of the
9
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9
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other diagonal.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
360 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D

| |

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

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9
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9
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2 5
9
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15. If D 5
, what is the determinant of D?
9
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26 7
9
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9
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9
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(A) 16
9
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9
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(B)
20
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9
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(C) 30
9
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9
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(D) 38
9
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9
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(E) 44
9
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9
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The determinant is ad 2 bc, which in this case is (2)(7) 2 (5)(26) 5 14 2
9
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9
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(230) 5 44. You see, all this talk of determinants and matrices sounds
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
complicated,
but
actually
calculating
the
determinant
is
pretty
simple.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
WHEW!
Your
brain
should
be
full
of
numbers,
rules,
terms,
and
definitions.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You could put the book down, go outside, and congratulate yourself for
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
gaining a ton of knowledge or you could continue with some more word
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problems
that
will
help
you
tackle
the
new
SAT.
If
you
want
to
tackle
some
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
more . . .
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Speed (Rate of Motion)
9
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9
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SAT
speed
problems
are
a
bit
overrated
in
terms
of
their
difficulty.
They
all
9
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9
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involve the same familiar formula:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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distance 5 rate 3 time
9
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9
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An easier speed problem will involve a single distance, rate, and time. A
9
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9
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tougher speed problem might involve different rates, either:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Two different times over the same distance, or
9
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9
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Two different distances covered in the same time
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In either type, apply the basic speed formula to each of the two events, then
9
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solve for the missing information by algebraic substitution. Use the same
9
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9
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approach
for
any
of
the
following:
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
One object making two separate legs of a tripeither in the same
9
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9
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direction
or
as
a
round
trip
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

Two
objects
moving
in
the
same
direction
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9
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9
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Two objects moving in opposite directions
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 361
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Take It to the Next Level

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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Here are two examples, each involving one of the first two scenarios:
9
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9
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9
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10. Janice left her home at 11:00 a.m., traveling along Route 1 at 30
9
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9
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mph.
At
1:00
p.m.,
her
brother
Richard
left
home
and
started
after
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
her on the same road at 45 mph. At what time did Richard catch up
9
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9
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to Janice?
9
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9
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(A) 2:45 p.m.
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(B) 3:00 p.m.
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9
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(C) 3:30 p.m.
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(D)
4:15
p.m.
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9
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(E) 5:00 p.m.
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9
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The correct answer is (E). Notice the distance Janice covered is equal to that of
9
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9
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Richardthat is, distance is constant. Letting x equal Janices time, you can
9
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9
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express
Richards
time
as
x
2
2.
Substitute
these
values
for
time
and
the
values
9
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9
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for rate given in the problem into the speed formula for Richard and Janice:
9
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9
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9
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Formula:
rate
3
time
5
distance
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9
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Janice: (30)(x) 5 30x
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9
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Richard: (45)(x 2 2) 5 45x 2 90
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9
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Because
the
distance
is
constant,
you
can
equate
Janices
distance
to
9
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9
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Richards, then solve for x:
9
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9
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9
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30x
5
45x
2
90
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9
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9
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15x 5 90
9
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9
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x
5
6
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9
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9
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Janice
had
traveled
six
hours
when
Richard
caught
up
with
her.
Because
9
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9
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Janice left at 11:00 a.m., Richard caught up with her at 5:00 p.m.
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9
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9
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11. How far in kilometers can Scott drive into the country if he drives
9
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9
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out
at
40
kilometers
per
hour
(kph),
returns
over
the
same
road
at
30
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9
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kph, and spends 8 hours away from home, including a 1-hour stop
9
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9
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for
lunch?
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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The correct answer is 120. Scotts actual driving time is 7 hours, which you
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9
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must
divide
into
two
parts:
his
time
spent
driving
into
the
country
and
his
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9
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time spent returning. Letting the first part equal x, the return time is what
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9
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remains of the 7 hours, or 7 2 x. Substitute these expressions into the
9
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9
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motion formula for each of the two parts of Scotts journey:
9
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9
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Formula: rate 3 time 5 distance
9
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9
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Going:
(40)(x)
5
40x
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9
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Returning: (30)(7 2 x) 5 210 2 30x
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
362 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

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9
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9
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9
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Because the journey is round trip, the distance going equals the distance
9
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9
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returning.
Simply
equate
the
two
algebraic
expressions,
then
solve
for
x:
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9
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9
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40x 5 210 2 30x
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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70x 5 210
9
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9
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x53
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Scott traveled 40 mph for 3 hours, so he traveled 120 miles.
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9
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9
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Regardless of the type of motion problem youre solving you should always
9
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start with the same task: set up two distinct equations patterned after the
9
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9
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simple motion formula (r 3 t 5 d).
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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Rates of Work
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9
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Work problems involve one or more workers (people or machines)
9
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9
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accomplishing a task. In work problems, theres an inverse relationship
9
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9
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between the number of workers and the time that it takes to complete the
9
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9
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jobin
other
words,
the
more
workers,
the
quicker
the
job
gets
done.
9
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9
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Heres the basic formula for solving a work problem:
9
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9
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9
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A
A
9
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1 51
9
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x
y
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9
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9
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In
this
formula,
x
and
y
represent
the
time
needed
for
each
of
two
workers,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x and y, to complete the job alone (individually), and A represents the time
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
it
takes
for
both
x
and
y
to
complete
the
job
working
in
the
aggregate
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(together). So, each fraction represents the portion of the job completed by
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
worker.
The
sum
of
the
two
fractions
must
be
1,
if
the
job
is
completed.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Regardless of which rateindividual or aggregateyou need to determine,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
typical
SAT
work
problem
is
a
no-brainer
if
you
know
the
formula.
Just
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
plug in what you know and solve for the unknown variable. The only
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
curveball
the
SAT
might
throw
at
you
is
where
one
worker
operates
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
counter-productively to the other. You handle this scenario by subtracting
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one fraction from the other instead of adding them togetheras in the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
following
example:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 363
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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9
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9
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9
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12. A certain tank holds a maximum of 450 cubic meters of water. If a
9
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9
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hose
can
fill
the
tank
at
a
rate
of
5
cubic
meters
per
minute,
but
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tank has a hole through which a constant cubic meter of water
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
escapes
every
two
minutes,
how
long
does
it
take
to
fill
the
tank
to
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
its maximum capacity?
9
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9
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9
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(A)
81
minutes
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) 90 minutes
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(C) 100 minutes
9
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9
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(D) 112 minutes
9
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9
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(E) 125 minutes
9
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9
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The correct answer is (C). In this problem, the hole (which is the second
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
worker)
is
acting
counter-productively,
so
you
must
subtract
its
rate
from
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the hoses rate to determine the aggregate rate of the hose and the hole. The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
hose
alone
takes
90
minutes
to
fill
the
tank.
The
hole
alone
empties
a
full
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tank in 900 minutes. Plug these values into our slightly modified formula,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
then
solve
for
A:
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
A
9
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2
51
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
90 900
9
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9
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9
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10A
A
9
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2
51
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
900
900
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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10A
2
A
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
51
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
900
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9A
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
51
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
900
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9A
5
900
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A 5 100
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
It takes 100 minutes to fill the tank to its maximum capacity.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
364 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
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Mixtures
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In SAT mixture problems, you combine substances with different character9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
istics, resulting in a particular mixture or proportion, usually expressed as
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
percentages. Substances are measured and mixed by either volume or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
weightbut
not
by
number
(quantity).
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13.
How
many
quarts
of
pure
alcohol
must
you
add
to
15
quarts
of
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
solution that is 40% alcohol to strengthen it to a solution that is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
50%
alcohol?
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) 2.5
9
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9
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(B) 3.0
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) 3.25
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D) 3.5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E) 4.0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The correct answer is (B). The original amount of alcohol is 40% of 15.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Letting
x
equal
the
number
of
quarts
of
alcohol
that
you
must
add
to
achieve
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
50%
alcohol
solution,
.4(15)
1
x
equals
the
amount
of
alcohol
in
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
solution after adding more alcohol. You can express this amount as 50% of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(15
1
x).
Thus,
you
can
express
the
mixture
algebraically
as
follows:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(.4)(15) 1 x 5 (.5)(15 1 x)
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6 1 x 5 7.5 1 .5x
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.5x 5 1.5
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
3
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You must add 3 quarts of alcohol to obtain a 50% alcohol solution.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Ages
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Age problems ask you to compare ages of two or more people at different
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
points
in
time.
In
solving
age
problems,
you
might
have
to
represent
a
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
persons age at the present time, several years from now, or several years
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ago.
Any
age
problem
allows
you
to
set
up
equations
to
relate
the
ages
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
two or more people, as in the following example:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
14. Freds age is twice what Geris age was 8 years ago, and Hollys age
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is five years greater than Geris age will be 1 year from now. If the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
total age of Fred, Geri, and Holly is 50, what is Freds age in years?
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 365
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part III: Reviewing the Sections

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The correct answer is 14. Freds age can be expressed in terms of Geris, and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Geris
age
can
be
expressed
in
terms
of
Hollys:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
F 5 2(G 2 8)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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H5G16
9
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9
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Given that the total age of F, G, and H is 50, substitute these two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
expressions for F and G in the equation F 1 G 1 H 5 50, then solve for G:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2~G 2 8! 1 G 1 (G 1 6) 5 50
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2G 2 16 1 G 1G 16 5 50
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4G 2 10 5 50
9
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9
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4G 5 60
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
G 5 15
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
To find F, substitute 15 for G in the equation F 5 2(G 2 8):
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
F 5 2(15 2 8)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
F
5
14
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Interest on Investment
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Tougher SAT investment problems usually involve interest and require more
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
than simply calculating interest earned on a given principal amount at a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
given
rate.
They
usually
call
for
you
to
set
up
and
solve
an
algebraic
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equation. When handling these problems, its best to eliminate percent signs
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(or
multiply
by
100
to
eliminate
decimals).
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15.
Dr.
Kramer
plans
to
invest
$20,000
in
an
account
paying
6%
interest
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
annually.
How
much
more
must
she
invest
at
the
same
time
at
3%
so
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that her total annual income during the first year is 4% of her entire
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
investment?
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) $32,000
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) $36,000
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C)
$40,000
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(D) $47,000
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E)
$49,000
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
366 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Chapter 7: Math SectionEnough Said

Take It to the Next Level

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The correct answer is (C). Letting x equal the amount invested at 3%, you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
can
express
Dr.
Kramers
total
investment
as
20,000
1
x.
The
interest
on
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
$20,000 plus the interest on the additional investment equals the total
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
interest
from
both
investments.
You
can
state
this
algebraically
as
follows:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.06(20,000) 1 .03x 5 .04(20,000 1 x)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Multiply all terms by 100 to eliminate decimals, then solve for x:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6(20,000) 1 3x 5 4(20,000 1 x)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
120,000
1
3x
5
80,000
1
4x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
40,000 5 x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
She
must
invest
$40,000
at
3%
for
her
total
annual
income
to
be
4%
of
her
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
total investment ($60,000).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In
solving
SAT
investment
problems,
by
all
means
size
up
the
question
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
make sure your calculated answer appears to be in the right ballpark. But
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
dont
rely
on
your
intuition
to
derive
a
precise
solution.
Interest
problems
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
can be misleading. For instance, you might have guessed that Dr. Kramer
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
would need to invest more than twice as much at 3% than at 6% to lower
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the overall interest rate to 4%. Not true!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now that you have the information you need to succeed, all that remains is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to
get
some
practice
answering
SAT-like
questions
in
a
timed
format.
Thats
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
what the next three chapters of this book are for.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 367
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part

IV
Taking
Three Practice Tests
Chapter 8: Preface to the Practice Tests
Practice Test 1 373
Answers and Explanations

419

Practice Test 2 455

Answers and Explanations

499

Practice Test 3 537

Answers and Explanations

576

Chapter 9: A Final WordWhew

370

599

PART IV

Chapter

8
Preface to the Practice Tests
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
three
practice
tests
in
this
book
should
be
used
to
test-drive
the
new
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
strategies and ideas youve learned. Its important that you dont just jump
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to these questions and start answering them before reading all that came
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
before. To truly maximize your score, you should approach these tests with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the attitude that you will use them to try out the various points and ideas
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
covered in the earlier chapters of this book. Doing this will help you absorb
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
the material discussed and make you a better SAT test-taker.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Make sure you take only one test at a time, and then look over the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
explanations
to
the
answers.
Everyone
will
want
to
read
the
explanations
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
for the questions that they miss, but its also a good idea to look at the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answers
for
the
other
questions
as
well.
The
explanations
can
give
you
ideas
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
about
different
ways
to
approach
a
problem.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Do
your
best,
and
remember
that
the
goal
is
to
learn
something
from
every
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
missed
question,
and
even
from
some
that
you
answered
correctly.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
370

Answer Sheets

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

12

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
O

E
O

11

A
O

E
O

19

A
O

E
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

28

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

29

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

15

A
O

23

A
O

E
O

30

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

23

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

11

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

18

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

SECTION

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

E
O

371

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

Answer Sheets

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

For Questions 113:

Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored.
You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.

10

11

12

13

372

www.petersons.com

Practice Test

1
Section 1
20 Questions j Time25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
outside
knowledge
to
answer
the
questionsall
the
material
you
will
need
will
be
in
the
passage
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
itself. In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Musical notes, like all sounds, are a result of
1. In this passage, musical notes are used
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
sound
waves
created
by
movement,
like
the
primarily
to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
rush of air through a trumpet. Musical notes
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) illustrate the difference between
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
are
very
regular
sound
waves.
The
qualities
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
human-produced and nonhuman34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
these waveshow much they displace mol34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
produced sound.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ecules, and how often they do sogive the note
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(B) demonstrate the difference between
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
its particular sound. How much a sound wave
musical sound and all other sound.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
displaces molecules affects the volume of the
(C) provide an example of sound
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
note. How frequently a sound wave reaches
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
properties
common
to
all
sound.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
your
ear
determines
whether
the
note
is
high7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) convey the difference between
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
or low-pitched. When scientists describe how
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
musical
pitch
and
frequency
pitch.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
high
or
low
a
sound
is,
they
use
a
numerical
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
explain
the
connection
between
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
measurement of its frequency, such as 440
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
number and letter names for sounds. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
vibrations per second, rather than the letters
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
musicians
use.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
373

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2. All of the following are true statements
3. The passage cites Walkers interaction
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
about pitch, according to the passage,
with Langston Hughes as
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
EXCEPT:
(A) instrumental in her early work being 7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) Nonmusical sounds cannot be
published.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
referred
to
in
terms
of
pitch.
(B)
influential
in
her
decision
to
study
at
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Pitch is solely determined by the
Northwestern University.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
frequency
of
the
sound
wave.
(C)
not
as
important
at
the
time
it
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) Pitch is closely related to the
happened as it is now, due to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
vibration of molecules.
Hughes fame.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
Pitch
cannot
be
accurately
described
(D)
a
great
encouragement
for
Walkers
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
with letter names.
confidence as a poet.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
Humans
perception
of
pitch
is
not
(E)
important
to
her
choice
to
study
at
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
affected by the intensity of the
New Orleans University.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sound wave.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4. The passage suggests that Walkers
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122Line
Margaret Walker, who would become
decision
to
become
a
poet
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
one of the most important twentieth7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
occurred
before
she
entered
college.
century African-American poets, was
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
was
primarily
a
result
of
her
interacborn
in
Birmingham,
Alabama,
in
1915.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(5)
tion with Hughes.
Her parents, a minister and a music
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
was
not
surprising,
given
her
teacher,
encouraged
her
to
read
poetry
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
upbringing.
and philosophy even as a child. Walker
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
occurred
after
her
transfer
to
completed
her
high
school
education
at
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Northwestern
University.
Gilbert
Academy
in
New
Orleans
and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(10)
(E) was sudden and immediately
went on to attend New Orleans Univer7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
successful.
sity
for
two
years.
It
was
then
that
the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
important Harlem Renaissance poet
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Langston
Hughes
recognized
her
talent
Questions
510
are
based
on
the
following
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and
persuaded
her
to
continue
her
passage.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(15)
education in the North. She transferred
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Line F. Scott Fitzgerald was a prominent
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to Northwestern University in Illinois,
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
American writer of the twentieth century. 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
where she received a degree in English in
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
This passage comes from one of his short 7
7
1935. Her poem, For My People,
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
stories and tells the story of a young John 7
which would remain one of her most
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1(20)
(5)
Unger leaving home for boarding school. 7
important works, was also her first
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
John T. Unger came from a family
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
publication, appearing in Poetry maga7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that had been well known in Hadesa
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
zine
in
1937.
7
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small town on the Mississippi Riverfor 7
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7
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several generations. Johns father had
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
held
the
amateur
golf
championship
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
through many a heated contest; Mrs.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Unger
was
known
from
hot-box
to
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
hot-bed, as the local phrase went, for
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
374 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
her political addresses; and young John
So the old man and the young shook 7
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(15)
T. Unger, who had just turned sixteen,
hands, and John walked away with tears 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
had danced all the latest dances from
streaming from his eyes. Ten minutes
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
New York before he put on long troulater he had passed outside the city limits 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sers. And now, for a certain time, he was
(60)
and he stopped to glance back for the last 7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to be away from home.
time. Over the gates the old-fashioned
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(20)
That respect for a New England
Victorian motto seemed strangely
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
education
which
is
the
bane
of
all
attractive
to
him.
His
father
had
tried
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
provincial places, which drains them
time and time again to have it changed to 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(65)
yearly
of
their
most
promising
young
something
with
a
little
more
push
and
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
men, had seized upon his parents.
verve about it, such as HadesYour
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(25)
Nothing would suit them but that he
Opportunity, or else a plain Welcome 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
should
go
to
St.
Midass
School
near
sign
set
over
a
hearty
handshake
pricked
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
BostonHades was too small to hold
out in electric lights. The old motto was a 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(70)
their
darling
and
gifted
son.
Now
in
little
depressing,
Mr.
Unger
had
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Hadesas you know if you ever have
thoughtbut now ...
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(30)
been therethe names of the more
So John took his look and then set
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
fashionable preparatory schools and
his face resolutely toward his destination. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
colleges mean very little. The inhabitants
And, as he turned away, the lights of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(75)
have been so long out of the world that,
Hades against the sky seemed full of a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
though they make a show of keeping
12
warm and passionate beauty.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(35)
up-to-date in dress and manners and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
literature, they depend to a great extent
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
5.
The
tone
of
line
28
can
best
be
described
as
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
on
hearsay,
and
a
function
that
in
Hades
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) compassionate.
would be considered elaborate would
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) sincere.
doubtless
be
hailed
by
a
Chicago
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) sardonic.
(40)
beef-princess as perhaps a little tacky.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
dismayed.
John
T.
Unger
was
on
the
eve
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
(E) understated.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
departure. Mrs. Unger, with maternal
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
fatuity, packed his trunks full of linen
7
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6.
The
Chicago
beef-princess
(lines
3940)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
suits
and
electric
fans,
and
Mr.
Unger
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
can
best
be
described
as
representing
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(45)
presented his son with an asbestos
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Chicago upper class by way of which
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
pocket-book
stuffed
with
money.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
literary
device?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Remember, you are always welcome
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
here, he said. You can be sure, boy,
(A) Anachronism
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that well keep the home fires burning.
(B) Simile
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(50)
I know, answered John huskily.
(C) Apostrophe
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Dont forget who you are and where
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(D) Metaphor
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
you come from, continued his father
(E) Neologism
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
proudly, and you can do nothing to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
harm you. You are an Ungerfrom
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(55)
Hades.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 375
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7. The phrase maternal fatuity (line
10. The names Hades, St. Midas, and Unger
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4243), suggests that
suggest that the passage can be considered 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
a(n)
(A) John will not need linen suits and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
electric fans at St. Midass.
(A) epic poem.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
Johns
mother
packed
frantically
and
(B)
euphemism.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ineffectively.
(C) aphorism.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
Johns
mother
was
excessively
(D)
satire.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
doting.
(E) allegory.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) John resented his mother packing for
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
him.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Questions 1120 are based on the following
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) John never enjoyed linen suits or
passage.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
electric
fans.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
This
passage
discusses
the
work
of
Abe
Kobo,
a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Japanese novelist of the twentieth century.
8. From the conversation between John and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
his father in paragraphs 36, it can be
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Line
Abe
Kobo
is
one
of
the
great
writers
of
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
inferred
that
John
feels
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
postwar Japan. His literature is richer,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
less
predictable,
and
wider-ranging
than
(A)
rejected
and
angry.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that
of
his
famed
contemporaries,
(B)
melancholic
but
composed.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(5)
Mishima Yukio and Nobel laureate Oe
(C) impassive and indifferent.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Kenzaburo. It is infused with the passion 7
(D)
resigned
but
filled
with
dread.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and strangeness of his experiences in
(E) relieved but apprehensive.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Manchuria, which was a Japanese colony 7
7
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on mainland China before World War II. 7
9. Johns meditation on the towns sign in
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
Abe spent his childhood and much of his 7
paragraph 6 serves in the passage prima1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
youth in Manchuria, and, as a result,
rily to suggest a contrast between
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
orbit
of
his
work
would
be
far
less
7
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(A) Johns love of Victorian things and
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
controlled by the oppressive gravitational 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
his fathers love of modern things.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
pull
of
the
themes
of
furusato
(home7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
his
fathers
commercialism
and
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(15)
town) and the emperor than his contem7
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Johns sentimentality.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
poraries.
7
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(C)
Johns
previous
role
as
a
part
of
the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Abe,
like
most
of
the
sons
of
Japa7
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town and his new role as nostalgic
7
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nese families living in Manchuria, did
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
outsider.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
return
to
Japan
for
schooling.
He
entered
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) his fathers naivety and Johns
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
medical school in Tokyo in 1944just in 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
pragmatism.
7
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time
to
forge
himself
a
medical
certificate
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) the old-fashioned atmosphere in the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
claiming ill health; this allowed him to
7
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town before Johns father influenced
7
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avoid fighting in the war that Japan was
it and its current modernity.
7
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7
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already losing and return to Manchuria.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
When Japan lost the war, however, it also 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
lost its Manchurian colony. The Japanese 7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
living there were attacked by the Soviet
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Army and various guerrilla bands. They
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
376 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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7
12
suddenly found themselves refugees,
accurate to say that the novel simply
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(30)
desperate for food. Many unfit men were
marked a turning point in his career,
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
abandoned in the Manchurian desert. At
when Abe turned away from the experi- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
this apocalyptic time, Abe lost his father
(75)
mental and heavily political work of his
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to cholera.
earlier career. Fortunately, he did not
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
He
returned
to
mainland
Japan
once
then
turn
to
furusato
and
the
emperor
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(35)
more, where the young were turning to
after all, but rather began a somewhat
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Marxism
as
a
rejection
of
the
militarism
more
realistic
exploration
of
his
continu34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(80)
of the war. After a brief, unsuccessful
ing obsession with homelessness and
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
stint
at
medical
school,
he
became
part
of
alienation.
Not
completely
a
stranger
to
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
a Marxist group of avant-garde artists.
his earlier commitment to Marxism, Abe 7
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(40)
His work at this time was passionate and
turned his attention, beginning in the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
outspoken
on
political
matters,
adopting
sixties,
to
the
effects
on
the
individual
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(85)
black humor as its mode of critique.
Japans rapidly urbanizing, growth34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
During
this
time,
Abe
worked
in
the
driven,
increasingly
corporate
society.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
genres of theater, music, and photogra34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(45)
phy. Eventually, he mimeographed fifty
11. The word infused in line 6 most closely 7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
copies of his first published literary
means
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7
12
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7
12
work, entitled Anonymous Poems, in
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7
12
(A) illuminated.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1947. It was a politically charged set of
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7
12
(B)
saturated.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
poems dedicated to the memory of his
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) influenced.
(50)
father and friends who had died in
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
bewildered.
Manchuria. Shortly thereafter, he
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
nuanced.
published
his
first
novel,
For
a
Signpost
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
at the End of a Road, which imagined
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
12. The author refers to the orbit of Abes
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
another
life
for
his
best
friend
who
had
7
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work
(lines
1213)
to
emphasize
that
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(55)
died in the Manchurian desert. Abe was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
also
active
in
the
Communist
Party,
(A)
his
work
covers
a
wide
range
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
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organizing literary groups for workingthemes.
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7
12
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7
12
men.
(B) the emperor is often compared to a
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Unfortunately,
most
of
this
radical
sun.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(60)
early work is unknown outside Japan
C. Abes travels were the primary
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and
underappreciated
even
in
Japan.
In
themes
in
his
work.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
early 1962, Abe was dismissed from the
D. Abes work is so different from his
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Japanese Liberalist Party. Four months
contemporaries that it is like
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
later, he published the work that would
another solar system.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(65)
blind us to his earlier oeuvre, Woman in
(E) conventional themes can limit an
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7
12
the Dunes. It was director Teshigahara
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7
authors individuality.
12
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7
12
Hiroshis film adaptation of Woman in
7
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7
12
the Dunes that brought Abes work to
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the international stage. The movies fame
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(70)
has
wrongly
led
readers
to
view
the
novel
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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as Abes masterpiece. It would be more
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7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 377
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
1213.
From the sentence beginning He entered
16. Which of the following does the passage
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
medical school. . . in lines 1924, it can
present as a fact?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
be inferred that
(A) Abe was a better playwright than
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) Abe entered medical school because
novelist.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
he
was
sick.
(B)
Abes
early
work
was
of
greater
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) sick people were sent to Manchuria
quality than his later work.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
during
World
War
II.
(C)
The
group
of
avant-garde
artists
of
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) Abe wanted to help the ill and
which Abe was a part were influ7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
injured in World War II, rather than
enced by Marxism.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
fight.
(D)
The
themes
of
furusato
and
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) illness would excuse one from
emperor have precluded Japanese
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
military
duty
in
World
War
II
Japan.
literature
from
playing
a
major
role
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) Abe never intended to practice
in world literature.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
medicine.
(E) Abes work is richer than his
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
contemporaries because he included 7
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7
12214.
The author uses the word apocalyptic
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
autobiographical elements.
7
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to emphasize that
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
17.
The
phrase
blind
us
in
lines
6566
7
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(A)
Manchuria
suffered
intensely
as
a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
refers to the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
result of the use of nuclear weapons
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in
World
War
II.
(A)
absence
of
film
adaptations
for
Abes
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Abe was deeply affected by the loss
other novels.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of
his
father.
(B)
excessive
critical
attention
to
Abes
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
there
was
massive
famine
in
Mannovel,
Woman
in
the
Dunes.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
churia at the end of World War II.
(C) difficulty in reconciling Woman in
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) postwar Manchuria experienced
the Dunes and other later works
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
exhilarating change.
with the form and content of his
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) conditions in Manchuria after World
earlier works.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
War II were generally horrific.
(D) challenge of interpreting Abes more
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
experimental works.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 15.
The
word
avant-garde
(line
39)
could
(E) overwhelming power of Abes novel, 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
best be replaced by
Woman in the Dunes.
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) experimental.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) dramatic.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) novel.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) profound.
7
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7
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(E) realistic.
7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
378 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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7
12
18. The authors main purpose in the passage
20. The authors attitude toward Marxism
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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is to
can best be described as
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(A) defend Abes later works against the
(A) contemptuous derision.
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prevalent criticism of it.
(B) reverent espousal.
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(B)
advocate
for
Abes
work
over
that
of
(C)
skeptical
tolerance.
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his contemporaries.
(D) respectful interest.
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(C)
explain
the
differences
between
Abes
(E)
restrained
impatience.
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earlier and later works.
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(D) argue that Abe is an even greater
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7
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writer
and
artist
than
generally
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perceived.
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(E)
demonstrate
that
Abes
work
became
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less interesting after he left Manchu34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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ria.
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19. The author of the passage is most likely a
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7
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(A) film critic.
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7
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(B)
literary
critic.
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7
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(C) avant-garde artist.
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7
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7
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(D)
translator.
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7
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(E) novelist.
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7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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12
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7 379
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 2
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

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7
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7
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7
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Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
7
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7
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7
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Notes:
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
7
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2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
7
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7
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the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
7
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7
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accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
7
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7
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7
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2s
r
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2x
w
r
s
x
7
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c
h
h
h b
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7
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w
7
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s
2
b
3x
a
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A 5 pr
1
7
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2
2
2
2
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles
7
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2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
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The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
7
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7
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The
sum
of
the
measures
in
degrees
of
the
angles
of
a
triangle
is
180.
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1. What percentage of 75 is 12?
2. If a circle is inscribed in a square of area
7
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7
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36, what is the area of the circle?
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(A) 8%
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
12%
(A)
36p
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 16%
(B) 24p
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7
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(D)
18%
(C)
12p
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7
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(E) 20%
(D) 9p
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7
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(E) 6p
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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45

60

30

380

45

TEST 1
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12
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12
3. Which of the following could have a slope
4. The first four terms of a series are 1, 4, 9, 7
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7
12
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7
12
of one?
and 16. What is the eight term of this
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7
12
series?
(A)
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7
12
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7
12
(A) 49
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7
12
7
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(B)
56
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 64
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
72
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7
12
(E) 81
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7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
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5.
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7
12
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7
12
(B)
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7
12
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12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
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What is the area of the above parallelo34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
gram?
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7
12
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12
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7
12
(A) 16
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7
12
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7
12
(B) 18
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
(C)
22
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12
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7
12
(D) 24
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7
12
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7
12
(E) 32
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7
12
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12
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7
12
6. Which of the following fractions has the
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7
12
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7
12
greatest reciprocal?
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7
12
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12
7
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2
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7
12
(A)
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7
12
9
7
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(D)
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12
7
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4
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7
12
(B)
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7
12
5
7
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7
12
7
7
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(C)
7
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3
7
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7
12
2
7
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(D)
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7
12
3
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12
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7
12
3
7
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(E)
(E)
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7
12
13
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 381
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7.
9.
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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According to the chart above, Company B 7
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
produced
approximately
how
many
more
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7
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widgets than Company A?
7
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7
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(A) 75,000
7
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7
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(B) 150,000
7
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7
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(C) 225,000
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
If
a
5
60
and
c
5
50
then
x
=
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 300,000
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 375,000
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 40
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 65
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is
odd,
and
x
is
an
integer,
then
the
10.
If
x
(C)
75
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
value of x must be
(D) 85
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
110
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
odd.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) even.
2
2 21 22
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
1
2
5
8.
~
!
@
#
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) less than one.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) an irrational number.
(A)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
64
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) None of the above.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
16
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
8
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
16
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 64
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
382 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The following description applies to questions
14. If the determinant of this matrix is 26,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1113.
what is the value of n?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The factorial of a number is the product of all
n 4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the integers from one to the number. For
5 27
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
example, 5 factorial is 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1. The
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
22
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
notation for a factorial is the number followed
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
by an exclamation point.
3
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
25
(B)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
5
Thus
5!
5
5
3
4
3
3
3
2
3
1.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 27
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6!
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
28
5
11.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3!
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3
(A) 2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
28
(E)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
4
(B)
16
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 30
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
15.
If
p
1
q
5
2q
1
6,
which
of
the
following
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
88
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
statements
must
be
true?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 120
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
I. p is even
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
II. q is even
then
f(3)
5
12.
If
f(x)
5
(x!)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
III. pq is even
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 16
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
I
only
(B) 36
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) II only
(C) 172
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
II
and
III
only
(D) 1080
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
I,
II,
and
III
(E)
6282
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) None
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
13.
If
y
1
2
5
x
,
and
y
and
x
are
integers,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
16.
y!
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
then 5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x!
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
~y 1 2!~y 1 1!
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) y
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
For the above graph, for which values of x 7
7
(C) 2
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
is y . 0?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
y
(A) 23 , 21 and 1 , x , 3
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x
(B) x , 23 and 21 , x , 1 and x . 3 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) y(y 2 1)
(C) x , 23 and 1 , x , 3 and x . 3
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) x . 3 and x . 21
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
23
.
x
.
3
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 383
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

S D

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1217.
19. Raising n2p
n by which of the following will
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
give the result n?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2p
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The numbers from the number set
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
n
p
(A)
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
{9,
11,
12,
15,
16}
must
be
put
in
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
n
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
above boxes according to these condip
n
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tions:
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
p
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Boxes A, C, and D contain numbers
n
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
divisible by three.
2n
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Box
B
contains
a
prime
number.
p
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
n1p
Which
number
must
be
in
Box
E?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
p
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 9
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
11
20.
If
n
is
a
positive
integer
and
n,
n
2
2,
and
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 12
n 1 2 are each prime numbers, then the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 15
set of those three numbers is called a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 16
prime
triplet.
How
many
different
prime
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
triplets are there where none of the set is
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1218.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
greater than fifty?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 3
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 4
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) None.
If,AC 5 8, AB 5 4, and D and H are
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
CE
and
AG
respectively,
midpoints
on
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
21. If a circle has four tangents, each of which 7
what percentage of the rectangle is
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is
perpendicular
to
two
of
the
other
shaded?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tangents, then
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 12.5%
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) at most one pair of tangent lines is
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
16.33%
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
parallel.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 20%
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
at
most
two
pairs
of
tangent
lines
are
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
25%
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
parallel.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
30%
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) all four tangent lines are parallel.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
a
square
is
inscribed
in
the
circle.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) one particular diameter could be
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
perpendicular to all four tangent
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
lines.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
384 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 3
30 Questions j Time25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Identifying Sentence Errors
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
correct answer.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Notes:
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
word
usage,
word
choice,
and
idioms.
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12
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12
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12
2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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12
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7
12
than
one
error.
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12
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12
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7
12
3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed.
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12
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7
12
4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E).
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7
12
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12
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7
12
5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.
7
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12
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12
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12
7
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3. The FDA did not conclude that the
1. Despite the enormous voter drive, there
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12
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7
12
A
A
B
7
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7
12
are
still
many
city-dwellers
who
are
not
negative
side
affects
of
the
drug
offset
the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
C
B
C
7
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registered to vote. No error
drugs positive benefits. No error
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
D
E
D
E
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7
12
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12
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7
12
2. Debating the energy bill was the first
4. Over the last decade, the information
7
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7
12
A
A
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7
12
order of business for the Senate; to set the
industry had grown into a multi-billion34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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12
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7
12
B
C
B
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7
12
7
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calendar
for
the
upcoming
session
dollar
industry
that
employs
tens
of
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12
7
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C
D
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7
12
thousands of workers. No error
was to follow. No error (E)
7
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7
12
E
D
E
7
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12
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7
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
385

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
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5. Reading widely in her field, making herself
8. Of Armigos two films, most critics agree
7
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7
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A
B
A
B
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
available
to
students,
and
that
the
second
is
best
.
No
error
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
C D
E
7
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7
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her
sophisticated
research
paid
off
for
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
9. Most people in the neighborhood
C
D
7
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7
Professor Jackson: she was awarded
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
agree
that
it
is
reasonable
for
the
represen1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tenure last year. No error
A
B
7
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7
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tative to not acquiesce to the demands of
E
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
C
D
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6.
One
cannot
perform
multiple
tasks
the
transit
authority.
No
error
7
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7
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E
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
simultaneously
if
one
is
easily
distracted
7
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7
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10. Although in many ways Canada is a
A
B
C
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
by ones surroundings. No error
A
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
staunch
ally
of
the
United
States,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
D
E
7
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B
7
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7
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7.
In
many
ways
emblematic
of
the
sweeping
they
have
made
their
differences
7
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7
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A
C
7
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changes the states agricultural industry
known on a number of important issues.
7
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7
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B
D
7
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7
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has
undergone
,
strawberry
farming
No
error
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
C
E
7
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7
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had exploded in Central California.
7
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7
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D
7
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No error
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
E
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
386 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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7
12
Improving Sentences
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7
12
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12
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7
12
Directions:
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7
12
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7
12
1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
choice,
sentence
construction,
and
punctuation.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined.
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3.
Any
errors
that
occur
will
be
found
in
the
underlined
portion
of
the
sentence.
If
you
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Answer
choices
(B),
(C),
(D),
and
(E)
contain
alternative
phrasings
of
the
underlined
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion
7
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does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A).
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7
12
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12
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7
12
5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.
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7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
11. Her first novel having been published, the
13. After working on his serve for several
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
author
began
to
take
notes
for
her
second.
days,
rumors
circulated
that
the
challenger
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
would win the rematch.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) Her first novel having been published
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12
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7
12
(A) After working on his serve for
(B) Having been her most recent novel
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
several days, rumors circulated that
published
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the challenger would win the
(C) Her first novel, having been pub34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
rematch.
lished
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) After working on his serve for
(D) When having had her first novel
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
several days, the challenger circupublished
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
lated rumors that he would win the
(E) Having published her first novel
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rematch.
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12.
Van
Goghs
early
work
has
often
been
(C)
Rumors
circulated
that
the
chal34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
described as being in sharp contrast with
lenger, after working on his serve for 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
his
later
work,
despite
there
is
a
fundaseveral
days,
would
win
the
rematch.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
mental continuity between the two.
(D) After having worked on his serve for 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
several
days,
the
rematch
was
(A) with his later work, despite
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
rumored
to
be
won
by
the
challenger.
(B)
with
his
later
work;
despite
the
fact
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) After working on his serve for
that
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
several
days,
rumors
circulated,
the
(C)
with
his
later
work,
rather,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
challenger would win the rematch.
(D) with his later work, but
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
with
his
later
work,
notwithstanding
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7 387
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
1214.
The artist thought that it was important
16. Coffee shops, which were formerly found
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
only in urban settings and near college
both to portray the subject truthfully, no
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
campuses, have been expanding in the last 7
matter the difficulty, and revealing
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
something new about the subject.
few years outside these circumspect
7
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domains.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
and
revealing
something
new
about
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) which were formerly found only in
the subject.
7
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7
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urban
settings
and
near
college
(B)
and
so
he
revealed
something
new
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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campuses
about the subject.
7
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7
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(B) being formerly found only in urban
(C) and to reveal something new about
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
settings
and
near
college
campuses
the
subject.
7
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(C) which have been found formerly only 7
(D) having thereby revealed something
7
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7
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in
urban
settings
and
near
college
new
about
the
subject.
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7
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campuses
(E) and revealing something about the
7
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7
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(D) which were formerly found only in
subject that is new.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
urban settings or near college
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7
12215.
Max
Planck
was
not
only
one
of
the
7
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campuses
7
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founders of quantum mechanics, but an
7
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(E) that were formerly found only in
7
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accomplished
pianist.
7
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urban settings and near college
7
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campuses
7
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(A) mechanics, but an accomplished
7
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7
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pianist.
7
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17.
Until
the
Chin
dynasty
changed
this
7
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(B) mechanics; but he was also an
7
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practice, most Chinese intellectuals did
7
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accomplished
pianist.
7
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not
travel
to
the
imperial
court
but
7
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(C)
mechanics;
and
he
was
also
an
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
remained in their native provincial centers. 7
7
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accomplished pianist.
7
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7
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(A) but remained in their native provin(D) mechanics, and an accomplished
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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cial centers.
pianist.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) and remained in their native provin(E) mechanics, but also an accomplished
7
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cial centers.
piano.
7
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7
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(C) but rather they remained in the
7
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7
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native provinces.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
yet
they
remained
in
their
native
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7
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provincial centers.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
but
remained
in
the
provinces
to
7
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7
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which they were native.
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
388 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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7
12
18. The artwork of the late Renaissance was
20. Philology, the study of words, no longer
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7
12
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7
12
characterized by a deep sympathy for the
exists in academia as a distinct discipline
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7
12
human subject, often portraying human
because it has been subsumed under the
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
frailties and failings.
study of linguistics.
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12
7
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(A) often portraying human frailties and
(A) it has been subsumed under the study 7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
failings.
of linguistics.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
and
it
often
portrayed
human
(B)
it
was
subsumed
in
the
past
under
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
frailties and failings.
the study of linguistics.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(C) human frailties and human failings
(C) it has been subsumed with the study 7
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7
12
7
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being
often
portrayed.
of
linguistics.
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12
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7
12
(D) although it often portrayed human
(D) linguistics previously having sub34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
frailties
and
failings.
sumed
it.
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7
12
(E) though portraying human frailties
(E) it had been subsumed under the
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and failings.
study of linguistics.
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7
12
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7
12
19. Pancho Villas raid on Columbus, New
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7
12
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7
12
Mexico, which was part of the tumult of
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
Mexican
revolution,
therefore
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
prompted a retaliatory expedition led by
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
General
Pershing.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) revolution, therefore prompted a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
retaliatory
expedition
led
by
General
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Pershing.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) revolution, thereby prompting a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
retaliatory expedition led by General
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Pershing.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) revolution, had prompted General
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Pershing to lead a retaliatory
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
expedition.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) revolution; a retaliatory expedition
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
led
by
General
Pershing
thereby
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
prompted.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
revolution,
prompted
a
retaliatory
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
expedition led by General Pershing.
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7
12
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12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 389
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
12Improving
Paragraphs
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Directions:
7
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7
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7
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various
7
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7
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errors.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentences word choice,
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
word
usage,
or
overall
structure.
Other
questions
will
ask
about
the
paragraph
itself.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development.
7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and
7
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7
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paragraph writing.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
12Questions
2125 are based on the following
21. Which of the following offers the best
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12passage.
combination of sentences 1 and 2 (repro7
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duced below)?
7
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7
12(1)
An incredible hot-air balloon exhibition
7
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An incredible hot-air balloon exhibition hap- 7
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12happened
on
September
5,
1862.
(2)
It
was
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
pened on September 5, 1862. It was given 7
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7
12given
by Glaisher and Coxwell, two English1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
by Glaisher and Coxwell, two Englishmen. 7
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7
12men.
(3) There was no compressed oxygen for
7
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7
12them
to
breathe
in
those
days.
(4)
They
got
so
(A)
An
incredible
hot-air
balloon
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12high
that they couldnt use their limbs. (5)
exhibition was given September 5,
7
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7
12Coxwell
had
to
open
the
descending
valve
with
1862
by
Glaisher
and
Coxwell,
two
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122his
teeth. (6) Before Glaisher passed out, he
Englishmen.
7
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7
1recorded
an elevation of twenty-nine thousand
(B) An incredibly hot-air balloon
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1feet.
(7) Many believe they got eight thousand
exhibition happened on September 5, 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12feet
higher before they began to descend,
1862, given by Glaisher and Cox34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1making
their ascent the highest in the nine7
well, two Englishmen.
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1teenth
century.
(C)
Given
by
Glaisher
and
Coxwell,
two
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(8) Now the largest balloon to go up in the
Englishmen, an incredible hot-air
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1nineteenth
century
was
The
Giant.
(9)
The
balloon
exhibition
happened
on
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1balloon
held 215,000 cubic feet of air and was
September 5, 1862.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1274
feet
wide.
(10)
It
could
carry
four
and
a
half
(D)
Glaisher
and
Coxwell,
two
English1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122tons
of cargo. (11) Its flight began in Paris, in
men, gave an incredible hot-air
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
121853,
with fifteen passengers. (12) All of whom
balloon exhibition, happening on
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12returned
safely.
(13)
The
successful
trip
received
September
5,
1862.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
122a34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
great deal of national and international press
(E) Two Englishmen, Glaisher and 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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7
122because
many
thought
the
hot-air
balloon
would
Coxwell,
gave
an
incredible
hot-air
bal1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
122become
a form of common transportation.
loon exhibition on September 5, 1862. 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
390 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
22. Which of the following sentences in the
24. Which of the following is the best way to 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
first paragraph appears to be out of order?
combine sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
below)?
(A) There was no compressed oxygen for
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
them to breathe in those days.
The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet of air 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) They got so high that they couldnt
and was 74 feet wide. It could handle four 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
use their limbs.
and a half tons of cargo.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
Coxwell
had
to
open
the
descending
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
The
balloon
held
215,000
cubic
feet
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
valve
with
his
teeth.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of air and was 74 feet wide, which
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Before Glaisher passed out, he
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
could
handle
four
and
a
half
tons
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
recorded
an
elevation
of
29
thousand
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
cargo.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
feet.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(B) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) Many believe they got 8 thousand
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of air and was 74 feet wide, handling 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
feet higher before they began to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
four and a half tons of cargo.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
descend.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(C) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
of air and was 74 feet wide; it could 7
23. Which of the following is the best revision
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
handle four and a half tons of cargo. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
for sentence 8 (reproduced below)?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) The balloon held 215,000 cubic feet 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Now the largest balloon to go up in the
of air and was 74 feet wide, and it
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
nineteenth century was The Giant.
could handle four and a half tons of 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
cargo.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
Move
in
the
nineteenth
century
to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
The
balloon
held
215,000
cubic
feet
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the beginning of the sentence and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of
air
and
was
74
feet
wide,
but
it
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
delete Now
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
could
carry
four
and
a
half
tons
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) Add a comma after Now.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
cargo.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) Begin the sentence with Moreover,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Delete now.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
25. Which of the following is the best way to 7
(E) Replace to go up with exhibition.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
revise sentences 11 and 12 (reproduced
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
below)?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Its flight began in Paris, in 1853, with
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
fifteen
passengers.
All
of
whom
returned
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
safely.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) Replace whom with who.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Make the second sentence read
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Who
all
returned
safely.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) Delete of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Replace the period at the end of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sentence 11 with a comma.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) Delete the period at the end of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sentence 11 and change returned
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to returning
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 391
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Questions
2630 are based on the following
26. Which of the following is the revision of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12passage.
sentence 4 (reproduced below)?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
One of the officials from the literacy pro- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12(1)
On my nineteenth birthday, I began my trip
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
gram I was working was there to meet me. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12to
Mali,
West
Africa.
(2)
Some
24
hours
later
I
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122arrived
in Bamako, the capital of Mali. (3) The
(A) As it is now.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12sun
had set and the night was starless. (4) One
(B) One of the literacy program I was
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1of
the
officials
from
the
literacy
program
I
was
workings
officials
was
there
to
meet
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12working
was there to meet me. (5) After the
me.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12melee
in
the
baggage
claim,
we
proceeded
to
his
(C)
There,
was
one
of
the
officials
from
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122car.
(6) Actually, it was a truck. (7) I was soon
the literacy program I was working
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12to
learn that most people in Mali that had
to meet me.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1automobiles
actually had trucks or SUVs. (8)
(D) One of the officials from the literacy
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Apparently,
there not just a convenience but a
program where I worked had been
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12necessity
when you live on the edge of the
there to meet me.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122Sahara.
(9) I threw my bags into the bed of the
(E) One of the officials from the literacy
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12truck,
and hopped in to the back of the cab.
program where I would be working
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(10)
Riding to my welcome dinner, I stared out
was there to meet me.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12the
windows
of
the
truck
and
took
in
the
city.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(11)
27. Which of the following is the best way to
It was truly a foreign land to me, and I
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12knew
revise
sentence
7
(reproduced
below)?
that
I
was
an
alien
there.
(12)
What
am
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12I34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
I was soon to learn that most people in
doing here? I thought.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mali
that
had
automobiles
actually
had
(13)
It
is
hard
to
believe
but
seven
months
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12later
trucks
or
SUVs.
I
returned
to
the
same
airport
along
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12same
road that I had traveled on that first night
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) Change I was soon to learn to I
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12in
Bamako,
and
my
perspective
on
the
things
was soon learning
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122that
I saw had completely changed. (14) The
(B) Change that had automobiles to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1landscape
that
had
once
seemed
so
desolate
and
who had automobiles
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1lifeless
now
was
the
homeland
of
people
that
I
(C)
Replace
or
with
and
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12had
come to love. (15) When I looked back at
(D) Add commas after Mali and
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122the
capital, Bamako, fast receding on the
automobiles
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12horizon,
I did not see a city foreboding and
(E) Add an apostrophe to make SUVs 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122wild
in its foreignness. (16) I saw the city which
read
SUVs
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1held
so many dear friends. (17) I saw tea7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1drinking
sessions going late into the night.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(18)
I saw the hospitality and open-heartedness
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122of
the
people
of
Mali.
(19)
The
second
time,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12everything
looked completely different, and I
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12knew
that
it
was
I
who
had
changed
and
not
it.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
392 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
28. Sentence 13 (reproduced below) would
29. If you were to combine sentences 1618
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
best be revised to which of the following
(reproduced below) into one sentence,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
choices?
which of the following would be the best
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
choice?
It is hard to believe but seven months later
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
I
returned
to
the
same
airport
along
the
I
saw
the
city
which
held
so
many
dear
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
same road that I had traveled on that first
friends. I saw tea-drinking sessions going
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
night
in
Bamako,
and
my
perspective
on
late
into
the
night.
I
saw
the
hospitality
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the things that I saw had completely
and open-heartedness of the people of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
changed.
Mali.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) As it is now.
(A) I saw the city which held so many
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) It is hard to believe, but seven
dear friends; I saw tea-drinking
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
months later I returned to the same
sessions going late into the night; I
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
airport along the same road that I
saw the hospitality and open34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
had traveled on that first night in
heartedness of the people of Mali.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Bamako: my perspective on the
(B) I saw the city which held so many
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7
12
things I saw had completely changed.
dear friends, drinking tea into late in 7
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12
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7
12
(C) It is hard to believe but seven months
the night, and the hospitality and
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7
12
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7
12
later
I
returned
to
the
same
airport
open-heartedness
of
the
people
of
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12
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7
12
along the same road that I had
Mali.
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7
12
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7
12
traveled
on
that
first
night
in
(C)
I
saw
the
city
which
held
so
many
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12
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7
12
Bamako, and my perspective
dear friends, I saw tea-drinking
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7
12
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7
12
completely
changed
on
the
things
I
sessions
going
late
into
the
night,
I
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12
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7
12
saw.
saw the hospitality and open34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
(D) It is hard to believe, but seven
heartedness of the people of Mali.
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7
12
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7
12
months
later,
when
I
returned
to
the
(D)
I
saw
the
city
which
held
so
many
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7
12
same airport along the same road
dear friends, tea-drinking sessions
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7
12
7
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that
I
had
traveled
on
that
first
night
going
late
into
the
night,
the
hospi34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
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in Bamako, my perspective on the
tality and open-heartedness of the
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7
12
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7
12
things I saw had completely changed.
people of Mali.
7
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7
12
(E) It is hard to believe, but seven
(E) I saw the city which held so many
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7
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months later I returned to the same
dear friends: tea-drinking sessions
7
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7
12
airport along the same road that I
going late into the night, the hospi7
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had traveled on that first night in
tality and open-heartedness of the
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7
12
7
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Bamako, and my perspective on the
people of Mali.
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7
12
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7
12
things that I saw having completely
7
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7
12
changed.
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12
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7 393
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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1230.
Which of the following must be done to
7
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7
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sentence 8 (reproduced below) to make it
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conform to the rules of written English?
7
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Apparently, there not just a convenience
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
but
a
necessity
when
you
live
on
the
edge
7
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7
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of the Sahara.
7
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(A)
Eliminate
the
comma
after
Appar7
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7
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ently
7
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(B)
Change
there
to
they
are
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(C) Add commas after convenience
7
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and necessity
7
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(D) Change you live to one lives
7
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7
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(E) Add Desert after Sahara
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 4
27 Questions j Time25 Minutes
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12
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7
12
Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five
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7
12
7
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choices,
labeled
(A)
through
(E).
These
choices
represent
words
or
phrases
that
have
been
left
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12
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7
12
out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of
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7
12
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7
12
the
sentence
as
a
whole.
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12
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7
12
Example:
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7
12
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7
12
Canine massage is a veterinary technique
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7
12
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7
12
for
calming
dogs
that
are
extremely
__________.
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12
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12
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7
12
(A) inept
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7
12
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7
12
(B)
disciplined
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12
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7
12
(C) controlled
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
stressed
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12
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7
12
(E) restrained
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7
12
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7
12
A
B
C O
E
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7
12
O

O
O

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12
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12
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12
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1. The professors oldest colleague was
2. The new team members __________ was 7
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7
12
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12
selected to give the __________ at the
an encouragement to the rest of the team, 7
7
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funeral.
who had become __________ by the string 7
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12
7
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of defeats.
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(A) eulogy
7
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7
12
(B)
elegy
(A)
enthusiasm.
.elated
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7
12
(C) epigraph
(B) vigor. .inundated
7
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7
12
(D) eponymy
(C) ebullience. .dispirited
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7
12
7
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(E)
epitaph
(D)
dourness.
.undone
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12
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7
12
(E) excessiveness. .downcast
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
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395

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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3. By the end of the campaign both candi7. The outcome of the race seemed
7
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dates had resorted to __________ the
__________ before the leaders misstep on 7
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other.
the final leg gave her competitors a(n)
7
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__________ of winning the title.
(A) commending
7
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(B)
denigrating
(A)
dubious.
.prospect
7
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(C) mollifying
(B) inevitable. .hope
7
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(D)
conceding
(C)
indubitable.
.air
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(E) swindling
(D) assured. .expectation
7
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(E) partial. .endeavor
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4. The cat __________ crept across the lawn,
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gracefully __________ the dog.
8. Though the new pharmaceutical regime
7
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was intended to be beneficial, its actual
(A) felicitously. .enticing
7
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effect was __________, a result the
(B)
swiftly.
.defeating
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medical community __________.
7
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(C) acrobatically. .apprehending
7
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(D)
maladroitly.
.undermining
(A)
harmful.
.heralded
7
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(E) deftly. .eluding
(B) abundant. .castigated
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(C)
fortuitous.
.ignored
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5.
The
storytellers
__________
anecdotes
(D)
detrimental.
.lamented
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earned her the __________ attention of
(E) negative. .projected
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the crowd.
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9. The life of the lightening bug is
(A) compelling. .rapt
7
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__________ to human eyes: They live only 7
(B) pointed. .spellbound
7
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7
twenty-four hours.
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(C)
moribund.
.lucid
7
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7
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(D) poignant. .abrasive
(A) ludicrous
7
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7
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(E)
meandering.
.distracted
(B)
ephemeral
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7
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(C) epic
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6.
The
bill
became
bogged
down
in
a(n)
(D)
ecstatic
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
__________
of
contentious
issues
in
a
(E)
incandescent
7
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7
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Senate subcommittee.
7
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7
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10. The kangaroo species __________ in the
(A) marsh
7
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7
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new environment where there was an
(B) sequence
7
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7
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abundant supply of food and a(n)
(C) iota
7
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__________ of predators.
7
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(D)
conundrum
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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(E) quagmire
(A) stagnated. .excess
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
bolstered.
.paucity
7
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7
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(C) exploded. .abundance
7
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7
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(D)
flagged.
.absence
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
.dearth
flourished.
(E)
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
396 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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7
12
11. With her speech, the politician attempted
15. The senior official __________ at the
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
to __________ the fears of the __________
insinuation that his countrys international 7
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12
citizens.
trade policies were directly __________ the 7
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7
12
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7
12
regions economic woes.
(A) intensify. .disingenuous
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7
12
7
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(B)
ignore.
.alarmed
(A)
balked.
.responsible
for
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12
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7
12
(C) assuage. .concerned
(B) wrinkled. .at fault for
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
quell.
.disaffected
(C)
staggered.
.inhibiting
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7
12
(E) exploit. .serene
(D) blundered. .implicated in
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7
12
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7
12
(E) riled. .accountable to
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7
12
7
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12. The fencing champion was __________
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12
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7
12
with her rapier, but in most other sports
Questions 1627 are based on the following
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7
12
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7
12
she was rather __________.
passage.
7
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7
12
(A)
adroit.
.awkward
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12
The following passage was written by John 7
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7
12
(B) adept. .lithe
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12
Janovec, an ecologist who has worked in the Los 7
7
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(C) tenacious. .passable
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7
12
Amigos watershed in Peru.
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7
12
(D) incompetent. .clumsy
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7
12
Line The Amazonian wilderness harbors the
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7
12
(E)
deft.
.skillful
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7
12
greatest
number
of
species
on
this
planet
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12
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7
12
and is an irreplaceable resource for
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7
12
13. Jane Goodall was at first a(n) __________
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7
12
present
and
future
generations.
Amazo34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
in her field, but since then she has received
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7
12
(5)
nia
is
crucial
for
maintaining
global
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7
12
many accolades for her work.
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7
12
climate and genetic resources, and its
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) acolyte
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
forest
and
rivers
provide
vital
sources
of
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7
12
(B)
maverick
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
food, building materials, pharmaceuti34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) luminary
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
cals,
and
water
needed
by
wildlife
and
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7
12
(D)
charlatan
7
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(10)
humanity.
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7
12
(E) miser
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7
12
The Los Amigos watershed in the
7
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7
12
state of Madre de Dios, southeastern
7
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14.
Alston
was
impressed
by
the
philosophers
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7
12
Peru, is representative of the pristine
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
lecture, but Mario thought the lecture was
7
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lowland moist forest once found
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
better characterized as __________ than as
(15)
throughout most of upper Amazonian
7
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7
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erudite.
South America. Threats to tropical
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
forests occur in the form of fishing,
(A) translucent
7
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7
12
hunting,
gold
mining,
timber
extraction,
(B)
recondite
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
impending road construction, and
(C) impeccable
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
slash-and-burn
agriculture.
The
Los
(D)
specious
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Amigos watershed, consisting of 1.6
(E) fictitious
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
million
hectares
(3.95
million
acres),
still
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
offers the increasingly scarce opportunity 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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to study rainforest as it was before the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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(25)
disruptive
encroachment
of
modern
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
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human civilization. Because of its
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
relatively
pristine
condition
and
the
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7 397
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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immediate need to justify it as a conserWith support from the Amazon
7
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7
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vation zone, this area deserves intensive,
Conservation Association, and in
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122(30)
long-term projects aimed at botanical
collaboration with U.S. and Peruvian
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
training, ecotourism, biological invencolleagues, the Botany of the Los Amigos 7
7
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tory, and information synthesis.
(75)
project has been initiated. At Los
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
On
July
24,
2001,
the
government
of
Amigos,
we
are
attempting
to
develop
a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Peru and the Amazon Conservation
system of preservation, sustainability,
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(35)
Association
signed
a
contractual
agreeand
scientific
research;
a
marriage
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ment creating the first long-term permabetween various disciplines, from human 7
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(80)
nently
renewable
conservation
concesecology
to
economic
botany,
product
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sion. To our knowledge this is the first
marketing to forest management. The
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
such agreement to be implemented in the
complexity of the ecosystem will best be
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(40)
world.
The
conservation
concession
understood
through
a
multidisciplinary
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
protects 340,000 acres of old-growth
approach, and improved understanding
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(85)
Amazonian
forest
in
the
Los
Amigos
of
the
complexity
will
lead
to
better
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
watershed, which is located in southeastmanagement. The future of these forests
7
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7
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ern Peru. This watershed protects the
will depend on sustainable management
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(45)
eastern flank of Manu National Park and
and development of alternative practices
7
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7
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is part of the lowland forest corridor that
and products that do not require
7
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7
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(90)
links it to Bahuaja-Sonene National Park.
irreversible destruction.
7
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7
The Los Amigos conservation concession
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The botanical project will provide a
7
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will serve as a mechanism for the
foundation of information that is
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(50)
development of a regional center of
essential to other programs at Los
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
excellence
in
natural
forest
management
Amigos.
By
combining
botanical
studies
7
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7
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(95)
and biodiversity science.
with fisheries and mammology, we will
7
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7
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Several
major
projects
are
being
better
understand
plant/animal
interac1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
implemented at the Los Amigos Consertions. By providing names, the botanical
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(55)
vation
Area.
Louise
Emmons
is
initiating
program
will
facilitate
accurate
commu7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
studies
of
mammal
diversity
and
ecology
nication
about
plants
and
the
animals
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(100) that use them. Included in this scenario
in the Los Amigos area. Other projects
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
involve
studies
of
the
diversity
of
are
humans,
as
we
will
dedicate
time
to
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and
people-plant interactions in order to
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(60)
birds.
Robin
Foster
has
conducted
learn
what
plants
are
used
by
people
in
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
botanical studies at Los Amigos, resulting
the Los Amigos area, and what plants
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(105) could potentially be used by people.
in the labeling of hundreds of plant
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
species along two kilometers of trail in
To be informed, we must develop
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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upland and lowland forest. Michael
knowledge. To develop knowledge, we
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7
12(65)
Goulding is leading a fisheries and
7
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must collect, organize, and disseminate
7
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aquatic ecology program, which aims to
information. In this sense, botanical
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(110) information has conservation value.
document the diversity of fish, their
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ecologies, and their habitats in the Los
Before we can use plant-based products
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Amigos
area
and
the
Madre
de
Dios
from
the
forest,
we
must
know
what
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12(70)
watershed in general.
species are useful and we must know
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
398 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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12
their names. We must be able to identify
18. In line 40, concession could be re34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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12
(115) them, to know where they occur in the
placed, without changing the meaning,
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forest, how many of them exist, how they
with
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12
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12
are pollinated and when they produce
(A) grant.
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12
fruit (or other useful products). Aside
7
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(B)
acknowledgement.
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12
from
understanding
the
species
as
they
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12
(C) food supply.
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12
(120) occur locally at Los Amigos, we must
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12
(D)
apology.
7
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have
information
about
their
overall
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12
(E)
compromise.
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12
distribution in tropical America in order
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7
12
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7
12
to
better
understand
and
manage
the
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19. The author implies in paragraph 3 that the 7
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7
12
distribution, variation, and viability of
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12
agreement between Peru and the Amazon 7
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7
12
(125) their genetic diversity. This involves a
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7
12
Conservation Association is historic
7
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more
complete
understanding
of
the
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7
12
primarily because it
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7
12
species through studies in the field and
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12
(A)
was
the
first
time
a
South
American
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7
12
herbarium.
7
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government
had
made
an
agreement
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12
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12
of any kind with the Amazon
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12
16. In line 6, genetic resources refers to
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12
Conservation
Association.
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12
(A) plant seeds.
(B) was the first long-term agreement
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12
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(B) different races of people.
regarding land in the Amazon
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(C)
natural
resources,
such
as
oil.
Rainforest.
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12
(D) diverse species of plants and animals.
(C) represented the first time a South
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12
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12
(E)
cells
that
can
be
used
in
genetic
cures
American
government
had
agreed
to
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12
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7
12
for diseases.
renew a conservation agreement.
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12
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12
(D) is essentially a permanent conserva34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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12
17. In paragraph 2, the author emphasizes
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tion agreement.
7
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that
the
current
environmental
condition
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12
(E) represents the first time such an
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12
of Amazonian South America is
7
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agreement had been made in the
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7
12
form of a renewable contract.
7
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(A)
mostly
unscathed.
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12
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12
(B) largely unknown.
7
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12
(C)
restorable
through
his
project.
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7
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(D) irredeemable everywhere but in the
7
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12
Los
Amigos
watershed.
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12
(E) varying from destroyed to virtually
7
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pristine.
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 399
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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1220.
The authors main purpose in the passage
22. The work of Louise Emmons, Robin
7
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7
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is to
Foster, and Michael Goulding (in the
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7
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fourth paragraph) are employed in the
(A) demonstrate that conservation efforts
7
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7
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passage as
have been historically successful and
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
so
should
be
continued.
(A)
colleagues
of
the
authors
in
his
7
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7
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(B) garner support for opposition to
botanical project.
7
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7
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destructive
activities
in
the
Los
(B)
examples
of
the
kinds
of
activities
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7
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Amigos watershed.
the author and his colleagues are
7
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7
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(C) position the Los Amigos watershed
trying to halt.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
agreement
as
a
success
towards
the
(C)
examples
of
the
influence
of
interna7
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7
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achievement of the vital goal of contional scientists in Peru.
7
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7
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serving
the
Amazonian
rainforests.
(D)
scientists
who
represent
new
trends
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) uphold the Peruvian governments
of study in Amazonian botany.
7
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progressive policies on management
(E) scientists involved in projects related 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the Los Amigos watershed as an
and amenable to the authors.
7
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7
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example of government policy
7
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23. The authors botanical project involves all 7
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working toward conservation.
7
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of the following EXCEPT
7
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(E) argue that the study of pristine
7
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rainforests is essential for document7
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(A) studying plants in a laboratory.
7
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ing and studying the myriad new
7
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(B)
studying
how
plants
are
used
by
7
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species
that
the
forests
contain.
7
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humans and animals.
7
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7
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(C)
facilitating
pharmaceutical
use
of
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7
1221.
The
authors
tone
in
the
passage
can
best
7
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plants.
7
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be described as
7
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(D) providing information on how to
7
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7
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(A) advocacy for his project over other
keep plant species flourishing.
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
competing projects.
(E) labeling plants in the Los Amigos
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) general praise for conservation
area.
7
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projects in Amazonian South
7
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7
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America.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) condemnation for the government of
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Peru
for
allowing
destruction
of
the
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7
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rainforest.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
passionate
support
for
his
and
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
related projects.
7
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7
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(E)
zealous
advocacy
for
his
point
of
view.
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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12
24. When the author says that the botanical
26. Which of the following issues does the
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7
12
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7
12
project will provide names, (line
passage NOT address?
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7
12
97100) he means that the project will
(A) Positive contributions of scientific
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7
12
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7
12
(A) help recognize new species.
research for conservation efforts
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7
12
7
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(B)
aid
in
the
standardization
of
names
(B)
Pollution
of
water
sources
in
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12
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7
12
for new species.
Amazonian Peru
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
participate
in
naming
the
regions
(C)
Economic
importance
of
conserving
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7
12
different zones.
the Amazon rainforests
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7
12
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12
(D) publish information for corporations
(D) Specific efforts of the Peruvian
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7
12
7
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and
researchers
regarding
the
most
government
to
maintain
the
integrity
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12
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7
12
appropriate names for specific
of Peruvian rainforests
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7
12
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7
12
plants.
(E)
Examples
of
previous
scientific
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7
12
(E) clarify the confusion surrounding the
research in Los Amigos
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7
12
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7
12
names of different organizations
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12
27. The author mentions areas outside the Los 7
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working in Amazonia.
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7
12
Amigos watershed primarily in order to
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7
12
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7
12
25. When the author says that, botanical
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7
12
(A)
imply
that
his
future
research
will
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7
12
information
has
conservation
value,
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7
12
focus
on
these
areas.
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7
12
(lines 109110) he means that
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12
(B) draw a comparison between work in 7
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7
12
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7
12
(A)
a
robust
understanding
of
conservathose
areas
and
work
in
the
Los
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12
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7
12
tionism is aided by botanical
Amigos area.
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7
12
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7
12
information.
(C)
underscore
the
interrelatedness
of
the
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12
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7
12
(B) conservationists should strive to
ecosystems.
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7
12
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7
12
preserve botanical information.
(D) emphasize that Los Amigos is the
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7
12
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7
12
(C) speciation is important for
most pristine locale.
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12
conservation.
(E) praise the Peruvian government for its 7
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7
12
7
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(D) political discussions about
other conservationist undertakings.
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7
12
conservation should use botanical
7
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7
12
nomenclature.
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7
12
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(E) new drugs will be developed in the re34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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gions
protected
by
conservationism.
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
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12
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7 401
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 5
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

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Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
7
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7
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Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
7
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7
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Notes:
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1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
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2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
7
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7
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the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
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7
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accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
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2s
r
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2x
w
r
s
x
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c
h
h
h b
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w
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s
2
b
3x
a
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A 5 pr
1
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2
2
2
2
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles
7
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2
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The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
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The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
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The
sum
of
the
measures
in
degrees
of
the
angles
of
a
triangle
is
180.
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1. Consider two sets of numbers: Set A
2. If four sweaters cost p dollars, and the
7
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includes all the positive integers and Set B
sweaters go on a half-off sale, how much
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includes
all
the
negative
integers.
Which
would
12
sweaters
cost
in
dollars?
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set has more members?
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p
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(A)
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(A)
A
2
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(B) B
3p
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(B)
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(C) They contain an equal number.
2
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(D) Neither.
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(C) 2p
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(E) It cannot be determined.
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7
(D) 4p
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(E) 6p
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45

60

30

402

45

TEST 1
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12
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7
12
5. If y 5 mx 1 b where m is a negative
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7
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7
12
constant
and
b
is
a
positive
constant,
3
7
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5
3.
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12
which of the following could be a possible 7
4
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12
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7
12
graph of y 5 mx 1 b?
5
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7
12
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(A)
1
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7
12
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7
12
(A)
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7
12
3
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7
12
7
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8
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7
12
(B)
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7
12
15
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7
12
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7
12
5
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(C)
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7
12
6
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12
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12
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7
12
15
7
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(D)
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7
12
8
(B)
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12
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7
12
6
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7
12
(E)
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5
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12
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12
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7
12
10
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7
12
4. If 3y 5 x and y 5 , what is the value of
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7
12
z
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7
12
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7
12
z when x 5 3?
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7
12
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7
12
(A) 1
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7
12
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7
12
(B) 3
(C)
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7
12
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7
12
(C) 5
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12
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7
12
(D) 7
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7
12
(E) 10
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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7
12
(D)
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 403
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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Small Medium Large
6.
9. If f(x) 5 x2 is graphed on a standard
7
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(S)
(M)
(L)
xy-axis and then the graph is rotated 90
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clockwise, which of the following graphs
Hats (H)
$8
$12
$12
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would
result?
Shirts (SH) $12
$12
$14
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(A)
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Hat
&
Shirt
Prices
at
Moes
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If
Moes
has
a
25%
off
sale
on
medium1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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sized items, how much would it cost, in
7
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dollars, to order 2 H-M, 2 H-L, and
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1SH-M?
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(B)
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(A) 51
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(B)
53
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12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 55
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(D) 56
7
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(E)
58
7
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x
1
15
5
30,
then
x
5
If
5
7.
=
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(C)
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(A) 9
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(B)
10
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(C) 12
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(D) 14
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7
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(E) 15
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2
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x 2 x 2 12
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5
8.
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2
2x
1
2x
2
12
(D)
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7
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x22
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(A)
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x24
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7
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3~x 2 2!
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(B)
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x
2
4
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7
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4
x
2
3
~
!
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(C)
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x22
7
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x24
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(D)
(E)
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2~x 2 2!
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7
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4
x
2
3
~
!
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(E)
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3~x 2 2!
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
404 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
10. For which of the following ordered pairs
13.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(x,y) is x 2 y . 2 and x 1 y . 4?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) (1,3)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) (2,3)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
(4,0)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
If the two triangles above are congruent
(D) (3,2)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
then
b
5
(E)
(4,1)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 30
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
x 1
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
5
,
If
x
and
y
are
positive
integers
and
(B)
40
11.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
y
2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
45
then
x
1
y
5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 60
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
3x
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) It cannot be determined.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
5x
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) y
14.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
2y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 3y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
12. Quentin buys three hot dogs with a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ten-dollar bill and receives seven dollars
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and thirty-four cents in change. If the sales
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
tax
is
seven
cents
per
dollar
(rounding
to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the nearest penny), which of the following
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
choices,
in
cents,
is
closest
to
the
actual
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
What is the area of the above figure?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
price of a hot dog?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
2
2
(A)
=
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
78
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 82
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
8
(C)
86
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 89
(D) 9
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 92
(E) 12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 405
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Questions
1516 refer to the following chart.
17. If l1i l2, then which of the following pairs
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of angles must be congruent?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
I.
6
and
12
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
II. 2 and 9
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
III.
4
and
10
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 15.
Which year had the least percentage
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) I only
difference in reported incidence of flu and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
II
only
cold?
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) III only
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 1960
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) II and III only
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
1970
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) I and II only
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
1980
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2b
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 1990
is a positive integer, and a, b,
18. If 2a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
2000
and
c
are
integers,
then
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1216.
(A) a must be negative.
In percentage terms, in what decade was
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
b
must
be
negative.
the number of reported cold cases about
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) c must be negative.
25% greater than the number of reported
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
b
must
be
an
even
positive
integer.
flu cases?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) None of the above.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 1960
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
1970
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
1980
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 1990
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
2000
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
406 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
2c

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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12
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12
19.
21. There are 150 students in math courses at 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Dagmar High School. 73 are in geometry, 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
62 are in algebra, and 52 are in neither.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
How many students are in both geometry 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and algebra?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 32
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
33
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 35
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 36
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
If
all
the
line
segments
in
the
above
figure
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
37
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
are
congruent,
then
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) a . b
7
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7
12
(B) a , b
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12
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7
12
(C) 2a 5 b
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7
12
7
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(D) a 5 b
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12
(E) It cannot be determined.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
20. Two boys and two girls are assigned to sit
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
at a five-seat circular table, where the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
seats
are
numbered
one
through
five.
If
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
neither boy can sit by the open seat, seat
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3, how many different seating arrange34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ments
are
possible?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
(A) 2
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7
12
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7
(B) 3
12
7
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(C) 4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 6
7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7 407
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 6
16 Questions j Time20 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions. Read each passage, then
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
answer
the
accompanying
questions,
basing
your
answers
on
what
is
stated
or
implied
in
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
passage and any introductory material provided. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Line
In
1953,
Watson
and
Crick
unlocked
the
2.
The
passage
uses
the
phrase
wet
and
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
structure of the DNA molecule and set
dirty (line 5) to mean
7
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into motion the modern study of genetics.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) haphazard guessing about the genetic 7
This
advance
allowed
our
study
of
life
to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
code.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(5)
go beyond the so-called wet and dirty
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
the
work
of
Watson
and
Crick
in
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
realm
of
biology,
the
complicated
labora7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
discovering DNA.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tory study of proteins, cells, organelles,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) information-based biological
ions, and lipids. The study of life could
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
now be performed with more abstract
research.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(10)
methods
of
analysis.
By
discovering
the
(D)
the
study
of
the
genetic
code.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
basic structure of DNA, we had received
(E) involved laboratory practices in
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
our first glance into the information-based
studying
basic
biological
entities.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
realm
locked
inside
the
genetic
code.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Although little-known today in the United
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1.
Which
of
the
following
does
the
passage
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
States, Clark Saunders (18591941) cast a large 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
discuss as a change that the discovery of
7
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shadow in the first several decades of the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
DNA
brought
to
the
study
of
life?
twentieth century, writing many widely read
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
The
study
of
lipids
and
proteins
books
on
Native
American,
Spanish,
and
Anglo
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
became irrelevant.
folklore. He also wrote extensively on the
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) New and more abstract methods of
different
cultures
of
California,
the
Sierras,
and
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
study
were
possible.
7
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the Southwest. He was a major and influential
7
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(C) Biology could then focus on mol7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
contributor
to
Sunset
Magazine
in
its
early
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ecules
rather
than
cells.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
years.
In
his
day,
Saunders
was
important
for
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) Modern genetics matured past its
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
introducing much of the American public to a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mendelian roots.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
person-sized
understanding
of
the
Old
West.
(E) Information-based study of genes
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
became obsolete.
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
408

TEST 1
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
3. The passage presents Saunders as a(n)
The following two passages deal with the 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
political movements working for the womans 7
(A) influential contemporary western
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
vote in America.
writer.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) important historian of the West.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Passage
1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
a
specialist
of
Native
American
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Line The first organized assertion of womans
studies.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
rights
in
the
United
States
was
made
at
the
(D)
widely
read
author
in
his
own
day.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The
(E) the first editor of Sunset Magazine.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
convention, though, had little immediate
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(5)
impact because of the national issues that 7
The history of rock and roll is inseparable from
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
would soon embroil the country. The
the development of blues and gospel music in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
contentious debates involving slavery and 7
the southeastern United States. Though the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
states rights that preceded the Civil War
genre gained mass appeal through legendary
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
soon took center stage in national debates. 7
figures such as Elvis Presley or the wildly
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(10)
Thus womans rights issues would have to 7
popular Beatles, the musical roots of rock and
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
wait until the war and its antecedent
roll extend far before such groups. In fact,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
problems had been addressed before they 7
many of the groups who popularized rock and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
would be addressed.
roll were consciously attempting to emulate the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
In 1869, two organizations were
work of blues greats such as B. B. King or
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
formed
that
would
play
important
roles
in
Muddy
Waters.
The
Rolling
Stones
are
a
good
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
securing the womans right to vote. The
example of this trend, which developed in the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
first was the American Womans Suffrage 7
late fifties and early sixties. The Rolling Stones,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Association
(AWSA).
Leaving
federal
and
both
then
and
now,
have
always
explicitly
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
constitutional issues aside, the AWSA
stated their admiration and imitation of blues
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(20)
focused
their
attention
on
state-level
greats.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
politics. They also restricted their ambi34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
tions to securing the womans vote and
4. B. B. King is used in this passage as an
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
downplayed discussion of womens full
example
of
a
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
equality. Taking a different track, the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) blues artist who was emulated by
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
National Womans Suffrage Association
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
early
rock
bands.
(NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) musical artist influenced by Elvis
Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Presley.
way to assure the long-term security of the 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) musician who incorporated aspects
womans vote was to ground it in the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of rock and roll.
(30)
constitution. The NWSA challenged the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) musician who often played with
exclusion
of
woman
from
the
Fifteenth
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Muddy Waters.
Amendment, the amendment that
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) gospel singer who influenced the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
extended
the
vote
to
African-American
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Rolling Stones.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
men.
Furthermore,
the
NWSA
linked
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(35)
fight for suffrage with other inequalities
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
faced
by
woman,
such
as
marriage
laws,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
which greatly disadvantaged women.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 409
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
By the late 1880s the differences that
5. The word antecedent in line 11 can best 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
separated the two organizations had
be replaced by
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(40)
receded in importance as the womens
(A) antebellum.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
movement had become a substantial and
(B) referent.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
broad-based political force in the country.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
causal.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
In
1890,
the
two
organizations
joined
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) subsequent.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
forces under the title of the National
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
abolitionist.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(45)
American
Womans
Suffrage
Association
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6. Which of the following does the first
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
play
a
vital
role
in
the
further
fight
to
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
passage say was the first organized push
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
achieve
the
womans
vote.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for womans suffrage?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) formation of the National Womans
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1Passage
2
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Suffrage
Association
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
In 1920, when Tennessee became the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) formation of the American Womans 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12(50)
thirty-eighth state to approve the constitu7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Suffrage Association
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tional
amendment
securing
the
womans
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) convening of the Seneca Falls
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
right to vote, womans suffrage became
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
convention
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
enshrined
in
the
constitution.
But
wom7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
Tennessee
passing
the
Twenty-Second
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ans suffrage did not happen in one fell
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Amendment
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(55)
swoop.
The
success
of
the
womans
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
partial
suffrages
of
local
womans
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
suffrage
movement
was
the
story
of
a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
suffrage efforts
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
number of partial victories that led to the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
explicit
endorsement
of
the
womans
right
7. What national event does the first passage 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to vote in the constitution.
cite as pushing womans voting rights to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(60)
As
early
as
the
1870s
and
1880s,
the background of the national conscious- 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
women had begun to win the right to vote
ness?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in local affairs such as municipal elections,
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
Civil
War
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
school board elections, or prohibition
7
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(B)
Suffrage
movement
7
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measures. These partial suffrages
7
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(C) Prohibition
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7
1(65)
demonstrated that women could in fact
7
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(D)
Passage
of
the
Fifteenth
Amendment
responsibly and reasonably participate in
7
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7
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(E) World War I
a representative democracy (at least as
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
voters). Once such successes were
7
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8. According to the first passage, the
7
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achieved
and
maintained
over
a
period
of
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
National Womans Suffrage Association
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7
122(70)
time, restricting the full voting rights of
7
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focused their efforts on
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
woman
became
more
and
more
suspect.
If
7
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7
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women were helping decide who was on
(A) local elections.
7
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7
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the
local
school
board,
why
should
they
(B)
constitutional
issues.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
not
also
have
a
voice
in
deciding
who
was
(C)
prohibition
efforts.
7
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7
1(75)
president of the country? Such questions
(D) school board elections.
7
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7
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became
more
difficult
for
non-suffragists
(E)
state
elections.
7
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7
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to answer, and thus the logic of restricting
7
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7
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the
womans
vote
began
to
crumble.
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410 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

TEST 1
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12
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7
12
9. The differences between the AWSA and
12. When is the earliest success of the
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7
12
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7
12
the NWSA were ultimately resolved when
womans suffrage movement that the
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7
12
second passage points to?
(A) the Twenty-Second Amendment
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7
12
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7
12
passed.
(A) 1848
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7
12
7
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(B)
the
two
organizations
were
com(B)
1869
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12
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7
12
bined to form the NAWSA.
(C) 1870s
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
the
Civil
War
ended.
(D)
1880s
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7
12
(D) prohibition passed.
(E) 1920
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7
12
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7
12
(E) womans suffragists won significant
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7
12
7
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13. Which of the following is NOT an
victories
in
the
1890
general
election.
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12
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7
12
example of a partial suffrage as
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7
12
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7
12
10. In Passage 1, the authors attitude toward
described in the second passage?
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7
12
the subject matter is
(A) A mayoral election
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7
12
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7
12
(A) intense scrutiny.
(B) A school board measure
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7
12
7
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(B)
distanced
suspicion.
(C)
Passage
of
the
Fifteenth
Amendment
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12
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7
12
(C) mild censure.
(D) A state prohibition referendum
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7
12
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12
(D)
appreciative
description.
(E)
Impeaching
a
city
council
member
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12
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7
12
(E) enthusiastic support.
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7
12
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7
12
14. The author of the second passage argues
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12
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7
12
11. Passage 2 locates the ultimate victory of
that the partial suffrages were most
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12
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7
12
the womans suffrage movement with
effective in bringing full voting rights for
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7
12
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7
12
which of the following events?
woman because
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12
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7
12
(A) Tennessee approving the womans
(A) through them woman were able to
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7
12
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7
12
voting rights amendment
elect prosuffrage representatives.
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7
12
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7
12
(B)
Congress
passing
the
Twenty-Second
(B)
they
showed
women
voting
ably.
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12
Amendment
(C) they demonstrated that woman could 7
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7
12
7
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(C)
The
combination
of
AWSA
and
participate
in
a
full
democracy.
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12
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NWSA into NAWSA
(D) they demonstrated that woman could 7
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7
12
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7
12
(D) Woman earning the full vote in
handle the intricacies of foreign
7
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7
12
Wyoming
policy.
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7
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(E) Womens fruitful participation in
(E) they established the power of the
7
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7
12
local
elections
woman
voter.
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 411
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
1215.
Which of the following questions is NOT
16. The author of the second passage would
7
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7
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addressed in either passage?
most likely see the work of the
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) When did the womans right to vote
(A) AWSA as crucial for the ultimate
7
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7
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become a constitutional amendment?
success of the suffrage movement.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
What
effect
did
the
Civil
War
have
(B)
NWSA
as
indispensable
for
partial
7
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7
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on the womans suffrage movement?
suffrages.
7
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7
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(C)
What
are
the
names
of
two
leaders
of
(C)
NWSA
as
unimportant
for
the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the National Womans Suffrage
passage of the womans voting rights 7
7
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7
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Association?
amendment.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
What
are
partial
suffrages?
(D)
Seneca
Falls
convention
as
the
most
7
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7
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(E) Which constitutional amendment
important single event in the
7
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7
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gave
women
the
vote?
womens
suffrage
movement.
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) the NAWSA as important for the
7
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7
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unity of the womans suffrage
7
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7
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movement.
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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7
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412 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 7
13 Questions j Time20 Minutes
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12
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12
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7
12
Notes:
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7
12
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7
12
1. All numbers used are real numbers.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
2. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted.
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7
12
3. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
4. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
answering
the
question.
The
figures
are
drawn
closely
to
scale
unless
otherwise
noted.
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
Directions for Student Produced Responses
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7
12
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7
12
Enter
your
responses
to
questions
113
in
the
Answer: 1.4
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
special
grids
provided
on
your
answer
sheet.
Either
position
is
correct.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Input your answers as indicated in the directions
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7
12
1 . 4
1 . 4
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7
12
below.
7
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O
O
O
O
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7
12
O O O
O O O
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7
4
12
Decimal
7
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Answer: or 4/9
O O O
point
O O O
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7
12
9
7
O O O
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O O O
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7
12
O O O O
O O O O
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7
12
Write answer
4 / 9
O O O O
O O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in
boxes.
O O O
O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O
Fraction line
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
Note: You may begin your answer in any col- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
umn, space permitting. Leave blank any columns 7
O
O
O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O

7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
not needed.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O
Grid in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O

Writing your answer in the boxes at the top 7

result.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of the columns will help you accurately grid 7
O O O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
O O O O
your answer, but it is not required. You will 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O

34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
only
receive
credit
for
an
answer
if
the
ovals
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
are filled in properly.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Only fill in one oval in each column.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
/

413

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
If a problem has several correct answers,
Decimal Accuracy
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
just grid in one of them.
Decimal answers must be gridded as accu- 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
There are no negative answers.
rately as possible. The answer 0.3333 . . . 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
must be gridded as .333.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

Never
grid
in
mixed
numbers.
The
answer
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
Less accurate values, such as .33 are not 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3 must be gridded as 16/5 or 3.2. If
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
acceptable.
5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is
gridded,
it
will
be
read
3 1 / 5
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
31
Acceptable ways to grid 5 .3333 . . .
O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
as , not 3 .
3
O O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
5
5
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
.
3
3
3
1
/
3
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O
O O O O
O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

O O O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
O
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
O O O O
O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
O O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O O O
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
O O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
O O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
O O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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2 2
2
7
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1.
7.
Given
P(3,
2)
and
Q(3,
6),
what
is
the
[2(3
)
1
(4
2
3(4))
]
5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
y-coordinate of the midpoint of the line
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2.
Given
that
22
2
3x
.
13,
what
is
a
segment
defined
by
these
two
points?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
positive integer that is less than x?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
8.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3.
A
phone
company
charges
40
cents
for
a
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
completed long-distance phone call and 6
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
cents
per
minute
on
top
of
the
initial
fee.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
How
much,
in
dollars,
would
a
30-minute
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
long-distance phone call cost?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4. What is the least common multiple of 18
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and 24?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
5. If |x 2 3| . 2, then what is one integer
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
value
that
x
cannot
equal?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
What is the length of the hypotenuse?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6. If the kth term in a series is generated by
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
9. What is the difference between the mean
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
10~k 1 1!
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
, what is the
the equation n 5
and
the
median
of
the
number
set
{7,
4,
3,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
k21
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
eleventh term in the series?
6, 2, 2}?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
414 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
/

www.petersons.com

TEST 1
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
10. If line a and line b are perpendicular, line
13. What is the one integer that is between
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
b and line c are perpendicular, and the
999 and 1199 and satisfies these two
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
2
conditions:
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
slope of line a is , what is the slope of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Its
digits
sum
to
seventeen.
5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
line
c?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Its
tens
and
units
digits
are
the
same.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
11. If f(x) 5 x2 1 3 and x 5 y 1 2, when
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
y 5 3, f(x) 5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
12. If a square is inscribed in a circle and the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
area
of
the
square
is
eight,
what
is
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
longest distance that a straight line could
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
be
that
originated
and
terminated
on
the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
circumference of the circle?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 415
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 8
Time25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assignment that follows it.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Consider
the following statement.
7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Some
people
think
that
war
is
justified
under
certain
circumstances.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12Assignment:
Write an essay in which you agree or disagree with the preceding statement. Develop your 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12point
of
view
on
this
statement
and
be
sure
to
support
your
stance
with
sufficient
details.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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416

TEST 1
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 417
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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When you are finished with your essay put your pencil down until the
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time allotted is over.
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418 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Answers
and Explanations
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Section 1
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1. C The passage begins, Musical notes, like all sounds, are a result of the
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sound
waves
created
by
movement.
The
author
then
goes
on
to
talk
9
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about
musical
notes
and
how
they
illustrate
properties
of
sound
waves.
9
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Choice (C) captures this idea.
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2. A Pitch is determined by the frequency of the sound wave. This eliminates
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(B) and (E). Choice (C) seems to refer more to the intensity, so eliminate
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it too. The final sentence says that pitch can be described either in
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numbers or in letters, so eliminate (D). That leaves (A), the cor9
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rect answer.
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3.
B
The
passage
states
that
Langston
Hughes
persuaded
her
to
continue
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her education in the North. And the passage uses this fact to explain
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her
transfer
to
Northwestern.
This
is
what
(B),
the
correct
an123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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swer, suggests.
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4. C The passage doesnt specifically say that Walker was writing poetry
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before she entered New Orleans University. Eliminate (A). Hughes
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recognized her talent, but he didnt create it, so eliminate (B). Hughes
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recognized her talent before she transferred to Northwestern, so
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eliminate (D). The passage, if anything, implies that Walker wrote
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poetry for some time before publishing anything, so eliminate (E). The
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passage
makes
reference
to
her
parents
occupations
and
encourage9
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ment, implying that they had an influence on her decision to become
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a
poet.
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5. C The author is poking a bit of fun at the Ungers, so eliminate (A), (B),
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and
(E).
His
tone
is
more
playful
than
downtrodden,
so
the
answer
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is (C).
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419

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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6. D The Chicago beef-princess suggests the wider high-class social world
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in
Chicago.
When
one
thing
stands
in
for
another,
it
is
a
metaphor.
The
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answer is (D).
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7.
A
Even
if
you
do
not
know
the
definition
of
fatuity
you
can
still
get
this
9
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question. John is going from Hades, which we can assume is hot, to
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Boston.
He
will
probably
not
need
the
light
suits
and
fans.
The
answer
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is (A).
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8. B We know that John does not feel rejected, because he says he knows he
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will always be welcome at home. Eliminate (A). On the other hand, he
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does feel something negative, or he wouldnt cry. Eliminate (C) and (E).
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The handshake and the fact that Johns tears are not mentioned until he
9
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has
turned
away
from
his
father
suggest
that
he
is
composed.
The
best
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answer is (B).
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9. C If you were leaving home (and you were crying), why would you stop
9
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and look back? Most likely you would do so because you were sad to
9
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leave
and
wanted
to
get
one
last
look
before
you
went.
Which
of
the
9
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answer choices matches this sentiment? Choice (C) does. The medita9
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tion
on
what
the
sign
says
serves
to
emphasize
the
quaintness
of
the
9
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town,
of
which
John
will
no
longer
be
a
part.
The
other
answers
rely
on
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your being distracted from the main emotions of the story.
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10. E Hades is hell in Greco-Roman mythology. Midas represents wealth.
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Unger resonates with the hunger the family feels for the wealth and
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prestige of the North. In other words, the names suggest that the story
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uses
the
experiences
of
this
one
family
to
represent
a
larger
situation.
It
9
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9
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is an allegory, choice (E).
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11.
C
Infused
is
used
to
mean
that
his
work
was
filled
with
the
experiences
he
9
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9
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had in Manchuria. Eliminate all but (B) and (C). Saturated has
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something
of
a
negative
tone,
and
the
author
praises
Abes
work,
so
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eliminate (B). The answer is (C).
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12. E The metaphorical use of orbit and gravitational pull is used in
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conjunction with the negative words controlled and oppressive.
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9
Abes work is not controlled by oppressive forces. Eliminate (B), (C),
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and (D). Choices (A) and (E) are similar answers, but (E) better captures
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9
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the authors intent.
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9
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13.
D
Abe
forged
a
medical
certificate,
so
we
know
he
was
not
actually
sick.
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9
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You can eliminate (A) and (B). The passage makes no reference to Abe
9
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9
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helping
the
sick
and
injured,
so
eliminate
(C).
The
sentence
in
the
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9
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passage says that the forged medical certificate allowed him to avoid
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
420 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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fighting. Choice (D) corresponds with that meaning. Choice (E) can be
9
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9
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eliminated
because
you
dont
know
what
his
intentions
were
for
after
9
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9
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the war.
9
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9
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9
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14.
E
Even
if
you
dont
know
the
defintion
of
apocalyptic,
you
probably
9
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9
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know that it is a negative word. Eliminate (D) (exhilarating is a positive
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
word).
There
is
no
reference
to
nuclear
weapons
in
the
passage,
so
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
eliminate (A). There was famine, and Abe seems to have been strongly
9
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9
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affected by the loss of his father, but neither of these answers is specific
9
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9
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enough. Only (E) expressly answers the question.
9
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9
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15. A This question is a little bit more difficult than some vocabulary
9
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9
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questions because you have to look in a few different places. The third
9
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9
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paragraph,
where
the
word
appears,
tells
you
that
the
avant-garde
9
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9
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group was political and that Abe worked in various genres. The fourth
9
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9
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paragraph
refers
to
his
earlier
work,
which
was
the
work
in
the
third
9
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9
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paragraph, as experimental and heavily political. Since one of these
9
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9
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words
is
an
answer
choice
(A),
it
is
the
best
answer.
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9
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9
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16. C This question basically asks you to distinguish between the authors
9
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9
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opinion
and
the
basic
facts
of
Abes
career.
Choices
(A),
(B),
and
(E)
all
9
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9
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contain
evaluative
opinions,
so
eliminate
them.
The
author
expresses
9
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9
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strong opinions about the themes furusato and the emperor, but never
9
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9
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presents any facts about their influence on Japanese literature in the
9
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9
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world. The best answer is (C). The author presents it as a known fact
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9
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that young Japanese artists after World War II were interested in
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Marxism.
9
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9
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17. B As always, go back to the passage to look for the context of the phrase.
9
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9
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Shortly
after
the
phrase
appears,
the
author
says
that
readers
have
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9
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wrongly decided that Woman in the Dunes was Abes masterpiece. The
9
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9
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author
also
refers
to
the
lack
of
translations
of
Abes
earlier
works.
The
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9
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answer
that
best
summarizes
these
two
things
is
(B).
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9
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18. D The authors purpose in paragraph 4 is to suggest that too much
9
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9
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attention has been given to Abes later work, as you just determined in
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9
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question 17. So the answer cannot be (A). There is only a brief
9
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9
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comparison to Abes contemporaries, so (B) is too specific. (E) is not
9
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9
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factually correct, since most of the work the passage discusses was
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produced in Japan. You are left with (C) and (D). (C) is too neutral; this
9
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9
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author is opinionated. She/he does not suggest that Abes later work is
9
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9
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bad, but rather that his early work also deserves attention. Choice (D) is
9
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9
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the best answer.
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 421
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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19. B The author is most interested in literary works. There is no reason to
9
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9
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suspect
that
the
author
is
an
artist
or
writer.
The
tone
is
critical
and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
scholarly. (B) is the best answer.
9
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9
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9
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20.
D
The
author
of
this
passage
does
express
many
strong
opinions,
but
not
9
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9
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in regard to Marxism. You can therefore eliminate both (A) and (B). If
9
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9
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anything,
she/he
is
more
positive
than
negative
about
the
influence
of
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9
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Marxism on Abes work. Eliminate (C) and (E), which imply a negative
9
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9
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bias. The answer is (D).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Section 2
9
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9
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1. C With a calculator this problem is straightforward enough, but you do not
9
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9
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need a calculator to solve this problem. The wording is a bit tricky, but to
9
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9
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find the percentage of 75 that 12 represents, you would place 12 over 75.
9
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9
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12/3
4
12
9
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5
5 . Percent means of 100, so if you
This can be simplified
9
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75 75/3 25
9
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9
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change
the
25
in
the
denominator
to
100,
youll
have
your
percentage
in
9
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9
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434
16
4
9
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5
5
. This is answer (C).
the numerator.
9
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25
25
3
4
100
9
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9
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You
could
also
have
set
up
an
algebraic
equation,
and
then
cross9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
multiplied to find the answer.
9
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9
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9
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12
n
9
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5
9
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75 100
9
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9
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9
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12!~100! 5 ~75!~n!
~
9
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9
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1200 5 75n
9
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9
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1200
75n
9
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5
9
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75
75
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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16 5 n
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9
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2. D If a circle is inscribed in a square, then the circle is inside the square.
9
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9
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You can find the length of the squares sides using the area formula for
9
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9
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a
square:
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9
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9
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2
A5s
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9
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2
9
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36 5 s
9
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9
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6
5
s
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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It might help if you draw a circle inside a square to visualize the next
9
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9
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part. The side length of the square is the same as the diameter of the
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9
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circle. Draw a diameter and youll see that its the same length as a side.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
422 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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This is a key relationship that the two figures share. Once you know the
9
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9
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circles
diameter
is
6,
its
radius
must
be
half
that,
3.
This
radius
can
be
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
placed into the area formula for a circle:
9
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9
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9
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2
A5 pr
9
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9
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2
9
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A 5 p~3!
9
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9
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A
5
9p
9
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9
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9
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Choice (D) is correct.
9
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9
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3. B First, you are looking for a line with a positive slope, which means that it
9
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9
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rises as you go from left to right. This eliminates choices (A), (D), and (E).
9
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9
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Second, a slope of 1 means that it rises as much as it runs (it goes up at the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
same
rate
that
it
goes
over).
A
line
with
a
slope
of
1
will
be
halfway
9
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9
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between a line that is completely horizontal and a line that is completely
9
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9
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vertical.
Choice
(B)
is
that
line,
since
the
rise
in
choice
(C)
is
too
gradual.
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9
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9
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4. C To answer this question, you have to determine how the series is
9
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9
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generated.
The
numbers
are
increasing,
so
it
is
very
unlikely
that
either
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
subtraction or division is involved. The numbers increase, and note
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
how
fast
the
increase
is.
Addition
can
be
ruled
out
since
the
increase
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
from one term to the next is too great; simple multiplication is also
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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unlikely. Look at the four terms closely, and youll notice that each
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
number is the square of an ascending integer. The series is one squared,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
then two squared, then three squared, and so forth. This series then is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
generated by squaring the integers. Therefore, the eighth term is eight
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
squared, 64. Choice (C) is correct.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5. B The area of a parallelogram is the height times the base. You do not
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
know
the
height,
but
you
can
determine
it
by
using
the
geometry
of
a
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
triangle. If you drop a perpendicular from the top left corner to the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
opposite
side
(which
you
will
call
the
base),
then
you
have
a
triangle
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
whose
height
is
the
height
of
the
parallelogram.
Measures
of
adjacent
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angles of parallelograms sum to 180, and so the bottom left-hand angle
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
measures
60
(this
is
because
the
bottom
right
interior
angle
is
120,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and 180 2 120 5 60). Surprise! This gives you a 30-60-90 triangle, and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3,
the
height
you
can
determine
the
height.
Since
the
hypotenuse
is
2
=
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is 3. The base is 6, and so the area is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
5
bh
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A 5 ~6!~3!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
5
18
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Thats choice (B).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 423
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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6. A To find the reciprocal, switch the numerator and the denominator.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Once
youve
flipped
the
fractions
over,
look
for
a
fraction
where
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
numerator is greater than the denominator and where the difference
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
between
the
two
is
greatest.
Choices
(A)
and
(E)
look
like
the
best
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1 9
1
9
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candidates. The reciprocal of A is 4
5 4 , and the reciprocal of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2 2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1 13
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.
Choice
(A)
is
the
greatest.
(E)
is
4
5
4
9
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3 3
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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7.
E
Another
sketch
with
more
of
the
angles
numbered
is
helpful
here.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Angle
1
is
90
because
its
measure
and
the
measure
of
the
angle
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
adjacent to it must sum to 180. Couple this fact with the given
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
information a 5 60, and it means that the measure of angle 2 is 30
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
since the measures of the angles in that triangle must sum to 180.
9
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9
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Angle 3 is also 30 since it is vertical with angle 2. If you can find angle
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4,
you
could
figure
out
angle
x
since
you
will
have
two
of
the
three
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angles on that small triangle. To find the measure of angle 4, look at the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
big
triangle
with
angles
4,
c,
and
the
right
angle.
Since
a
right
angle
is
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
90 and c 5 50, the measure of angle 4 is 40 since the measures of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angles
in
the
larger
triangle
must
sum
to
180.
If
the
measure
of
angle
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
5
40,
and
the
measure
of
the
angle
3
5
30,
then
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
180 5 m3 1 m4 1 mx
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
180
5
30
1
40
1
x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
180 5 70 1 x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
110 5 x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Choice (E) is correct.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If you had no idea how to answer this question, you might have noticed
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that the figures were drawn to scale. Looking at x, it certainly looks
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
greater than 90. Choice (A) is highly unlikely as an answer, and (E)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
would be your best guess since its the only choice greater than 90.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
424 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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8. E A problem like this takes a careful step-by-step execution, but
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fortunately
nothing
else
is
needed.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
22
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1
2
2 21 22
21 22
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
64,
choice
(E).
2
1
2
5
4
1
4
5
5
~
!
~
!
@
#
@
#
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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64
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9. C Here you need to take care to read the chart correctly. Each complete
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
box represents 150,000 widgets. Company B made one-and-a-half
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
more boxes. That last box is not a full box, as you can see by its size and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
by the dashed lines on the right end. Choice (B) represents one box
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
worth of difference (150,000 widgets), while choice (D)represents two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
complete boxes of widgets as the difference. Answer (C) is correct, since
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
it
shows
a
difference
in
production
of
one-and-a-half
boxes
(150,000
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
widgets 1 75,000 widgets 5 225,000).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10. A Since you are told that x is odd, you should suspect that the answer
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
would have something to do with being odd or even or neither. That
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
makes
choices
(A)
or
(B)
the
prime
suspects.
x
cannot
be
even
because
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
an even number raised to an even power must be even. Try giving x an
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
odd value, like 3. x 5 3 5 27. This satisfies the facts given in the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem, since 27 is an odd number, so choice (A) is the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11. E Do not be unnerved by the newness of this concept. All that you need to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
know about factorials is provided in the explanation. So be a good
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
test-taking robot: Take the numbers they give you and feed them into
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the formula.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6! 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5 6 3 5 3 4 5 120, choice (E).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3!
3
3
2
3
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If
you
dont
get
flustered
(and
no
self-respecting
test-taking
robot
ever
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
does), the problem is quite straightforward. You just apply the concept
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of
factorial
and
then
multiply
to
find
the
answer.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12. B Here replace x with three, and then solve:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
(3
3
2
3
1)
5
(6)
5
36,
answer
(B).
f(3)
5
(3!)
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 425
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

FG

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13. A This ones the toughest factorial problem, but a clue is provided by the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer
choices.
Most
of
the
answers
are
in
terms
of
y.
Therefore,
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are probably going to have to manipulate so that only ys remain in
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
expression.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
To do this, lets replace the xs with ys. Since, and y and x are integers,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x! 5 (y 1 2)!. Substituting this into the problem:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y!
y!
1
y!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x!
y
1
2
!
y
1
2
y
1
1
y!
y
1
2
y
1
1
~
!
~
!~
!
~
!~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This is choice (A). You could also solve the problem by picking values
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
for the two variables that are consistent with y 1 2 5 x, and then
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
plugging the values into the factorial fraction and also into the answer
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choices. If only one answer choice matches the factorial fraction, then
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
have
the
right
answer.
If
two
answers
match,
then
pick
another
set
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of values for the variables and repeat the process.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
14.
A
You
will
probably
recall
that
the
determinant
of
a
matrix
is
found
by
9
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9
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cross-multiplying. Since you know the end result is 26, all you need is
9
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the
right
set-up
and
the
proper
computation:
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9
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9
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n 4
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5 26
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5
27
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~27!~n! 2 ~4!~5! 5 26
9
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9
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27n
2
20
5
26
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27n 2 20 1 20 5 26 1 20
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27n 514
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9
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27n
14
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5
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27
27
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n
5
22
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15. E First note that the question asks which statements must be true. Some
9
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statements
could
be
true
under
the
right
conditions,
but
if
they
are
not
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9
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always true, they are not going to be the right answer for this problem.
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9
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Now, from p 1 q 5 2q 1 6, you can determine: p 5 q 1 6 by
9
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9
subtracting a q from both sides. If p is odd then q is odd, and if p is even
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then q is even (since an odd plus an even is odd and an even plus an even
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9
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is
even).
But
neither
of
them
has
to
be
even
or
odd.
Thus
I
and
II
are
not
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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426 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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necessarily true. The same is true for III, since p and q could both be
9
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9
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odd,
which
would
make
their
product
odd.
Choice
(E)
is
the
answer,
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9
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since its the only choice left standing.
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9
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9
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One
last
point:
this
question
should
have
been
answered
on
the
second
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9
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pass. Once you saw the Roman numerals, you should have realized that
9
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9
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it
would
take
some
time
to
answer,
and
that
waiting
until
the
second
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pass would allow you more time to get to questions that might take
9
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9
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less time.
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9
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16. B Look at the graph and youll see that there are three distinct regions in
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which x is greater than zero:
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(1)
x
to
the
left
of
negative
three
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(2) x between negative one and one
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(3)
x
to
the
right
of
three
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Once your eyes give you that information, its up to your brain to
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9
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decipher
the
wilderness
of
greater
than/less
than
signs
and
find
the
9
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9
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answer
that
describes
these
three
regions
correctly.
Choice
(B)
does
this.
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9
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17. E Since the question asks which number must be in Box E, the conditions
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9
must only allow for one number to be in Box E. There is only one prime
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9
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number, 11, and so it goes in Box B. 9, 12, and 15 are evenly divisible by
9
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9
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three, and so they go in A, C, and D. You dont know what order, they
9
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9
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are
in,
but
it
doesnt
matter.
That
leaves
16
for
Box
E,
which
means
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choice (E) is the answer.
9
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18.
D
Since
B,
D,
E,
and
H
are
all
midpoints
on
their
respective
lines,
the
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9
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rectangle is divided into four equal rectangles. The diagonal CG divides
9
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the
two
smaller
rectangles
it
traverses
into
halves.
One-half
of
each
of
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these two rectangles is shaded, so a total of one of the smaller rectangles
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is
shaded.
Since
the
smaller
rectangles
are
equal
in
size
and
there
are
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9
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four
of
them,
one-fourth
of
the
larger
rectangle
is
shaded
or
25%,
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choice (D).
9
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2p
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19. D Since n is the same thing as n1, you are looking to raise n n so that the
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resulting exponent is 1. Remember that when you raise a number to an
9
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9
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2p
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exponent,
you
multiply
the
exponents.
What
multiplied
with
yields
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n
9
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9
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2n
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.
one?
The
answer
is
its
reciprocal,
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p
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2n
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2p p
2p 2n
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S
DS
D
1
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~
n n ! 5 n n p 5 n . So (D) is the answer.
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9
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9 427
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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20. A A straightforward way to start this problem is simply to start with the
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first
prime
number.
2
and
3
cannot
be
n,
but
5
could
since
3,
5,
and
7
9
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9
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could form a prime triplet. Continuing on with the prime numbers to
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9
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fifty,
there
is
not
another
prime
number
whose
closest
primes
are
two
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9
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more and two less than itself. Thus the answer is (A).
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9
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21.
B
If
a
geometry
figure
is
described
but
not
drawn,
its
always
a
good
idea
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9
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to sketch the figure yourself. Draw a circle and then one tangent line.
9
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9
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Next draw a second tangent line that is perpendicular to the first. Now
9
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9
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draw a third tangent that also is perpendicular to the first. Your sketch
9
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9
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can only look like this:
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Your lines could be rotated around, but the interrelationships of the
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9
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tangents must be the same. The only place to draw a fourth tangent line
9
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9
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that will be perpendicular to two other tangent lines is at the bottom of
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the circle.
9
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9
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Does this figure look familiar? It should, since it has the same
9
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9
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appearance
as
the
first
geometry
problem
in
this
section,
question
2.
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9
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You have drawn a circle inscribed in a square. The fact that it is a
9
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9
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square
could
clue
you
in
to
the
fact
that
there
are
two
sets
of
parallel
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9
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lines. You might also recall from your geometry class that two lines that
9
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9
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are perpendicular to the same line are parallel to each other. This means
9
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9
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that
both
sets
of
tangent
lines
across
the
circle
are
parallel.
Either
way,
9
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9
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the answer is (B).
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9
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Choice (D) is close, but the circle is inscribed in the square, not the other
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9
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way around.
9
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9
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9
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9
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428 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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The fact that questions 2 and 21 employ the same figure shows you
9
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9
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how
two
questions
can
use
the
same
figure
but
vary
greatly
in
terms
of
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9
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difficulty. A point to ponder is, How did the test-takers make the last
9
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9
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question
harder?
First
and
foremost,
no
figure
was
included.
This
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9
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should spur you to draw any figure that is not given to you, and make a
9
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9
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hard problem a lot easier to visualize and answer.
9
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9
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Section 3
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1.
E
You
should
always
take
a
close
look
at
underlined
pronouns
in
9
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9
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identifying sentence error questions. Registered in this sentence is an
9
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9
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adjective, and who is a pronoun that represents voters. Because it
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9
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is the subject of the verb, who, rather than whom, is correct. In
9
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9
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addition, there are no other errors in this sentence. So, the answer is (E).
9
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9
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2. C This sentence lacks parallel structure. Debating in the first part
9
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9
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should be matched by setting in the second part. The answer is
9
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9
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therefore (C).
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9
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3. B Theres an error in diction here. Affects is a verb; effects is the
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9
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noun
form.
Side
effects
is
the
desired
phrase.
Choice
(B)
is
the
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9
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answer.
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4. B The error here is difficult to detect. The phrase over the last decade
9
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indicates that the growth is still continuing. This is also indicated in the
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present tense form of employs (D). Thus the first verb should be has
9
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9
grown instead of had grown. Choice (B) is the answer.
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5. C Here is another case of missing parallel structure. This is a common
9
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mistake in this section. Reading widely and making herself need to be
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matched
by
another
gerund
in
part
C,
such
as
conducting
sophisticated
9
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research. The answer is (C).
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6.
E
Using
one
might
sound
awkward
to
one,
but
it
is
not
incorrect.
Nor
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are there any other errors. The answer is (E).
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7. D The tenses of the verbs in this sentence are not consistent; this is another
9
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favorite error in this type of question. Has undergone should be
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matched with has exploded. The answer is (D).
9
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8. D In comparing two things (films in this case), one should use the
9
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comparative
case
of
an
adjective
and
not
the
superlative.
Best,
choice
9
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9
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(D),
is
superlative
and
not
comparative
(better
would
be
correct),
and
9
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so it is incorrect.
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9
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9
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9 429
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9. C You agree with a noun, and that a phrase. (A) is idiomatically correct.
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There
is
no
error
in
(B).
You
may
use
reasonable
for
with
the
9
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9
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construction here (subject 1 infinitive). No error there. To not
9
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9
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acquiesce
is
acceptable
for
spoken
speech,
but
in
written
language
it
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9
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should be not to acquiesce. Theres the rub. The answer is (C).
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10.
C
A
country
(Canada)
requires
the
pronoun
it,
not
they.
The
problem
is
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9
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therefore in choice (C).
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11. E This sentence is unnecessarily wordy. Having published her first novel,
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the author is a lot snappier and more direct. The answer is (E).
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12. D Here, despite is not used in a grammatically correct way. Despite the
9
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fact
that
is
grammatically
correct,
but
it
is
unnecessarily
wordy
and
it
is
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not appropriately joined with a semicolon. How about just but? Thats
9
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the
answer
(D).
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13. C This sentence might have sounded okay to you, but it has a misplaced
9
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modifier.
These
are
very
popular
mistakes
in
the
sentence
correction
9
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questions.
The
phrase
after
he
had
worked
on
his
serve
for
a
few
days
9
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modifies the noun player, so player must be right next to it. Only (B)
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and (C) accomplish this. Choice (B), however, changes the sense of the
9
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9
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original sentence. The answer is (C).
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14. C In sentence construction parallel parts of a sentence should have
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parallel
forms.
In
this
sentence
the
verbs
portray
and
reveal
are
parallel,
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but in the original sentence construction they are not in parallel form.
9
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Choice
(C)
corrects
this
mistake.
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15. B This is another favorite of the test writers: Any time you have not
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only
you
need
to
signal
the
contrasting
phrase
with
but
also.
The
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answer here is therefore (B).
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16. A There is no error here. The answer is (A).
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17. A There is not a grammatical error in the underlined portion, and none of
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the alternatives improve upon the original. Because you do not repeat
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the
subject,
there
is
no
comma
needed
before
the
underlined
portion.
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9
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Were you to choose answer (C), you would need to add a comma.
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Choice
(A)
is
the
answer.
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18. D Here the error is logical rather than grammatical per se. The first part of
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the
sentence
emphasizes
sympathy,
but
the
second
part
focuses
on
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negative human qualities. You need a contrasting coordinator. That
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leaves
(D)
and
(E).
(D)
is
the
better
choice.
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9
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9
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430 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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19. E It was not because Pancho Villas raid was part of the tumult of the
9
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9
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Mexican
revolution
that
it
prompted
a
retaliatory
expedition.
There9
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9
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fore is misused. Simply delete it and you have a correct sentence. The
9
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answer
is
(E).
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9
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20. A There is nothing grammatically wrong with the underlined portion, and
9
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9
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none
of
the
other
choices
improve
on
the
wording
of
the
sentence.
(A)
is
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9
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the best choice.
9
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9
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21. E Right away, you should notice two sentences in passive voice and think
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9
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about making them active. Only (D) and (E) do that. (D) includes an
9
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imprecise 2ing verb. The test writers love to throw these around.
9
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Sometimes they are the right answer, but you should always scrutinize
9
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them.
Here
(E)
is
a
much
sharper
sentence.
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9
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22.
A
Doesnt
sentence
2
seem
too
specific?
It
is
really
an
explanation
for
why
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9
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the men couldnt use their limbs. It should therefore follow sentence 4.
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The answer is (A).
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23.
D
What
is
the
logical
connection
between
the
two
sentences?
The
first
9
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9
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deals with the highest trip. The second deals with the largest balloon.
9
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9
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Now has nothing to do with that. Neither does in the nineteenth
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century. You dont want to begin with either of these. Moreover
9
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9
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represents paragraph 2 as an extension of the ideas in paragraph 1,
9
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which is also inaccurate. The easiest thing to do is simply get rid of
9
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9
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now, (D).
9
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9
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24.
C
Sentence
combination
is
huge
in
this
section.
This
example
is
trickier
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9
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than most. It already has an and in the first sentence, so if you use and
9
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9
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again
your
sentence
will
start
to
sound
like
a
run-on.
Here,
too,
the
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9
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2ing
verb
is
imprecise.
Which
should
really
go
very
close
to
the
noun
it
9
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9
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modifies, so eliminate (A). But implies a contrast, when all of these
9
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ideas
are
similar,
so
you
can
eliminate
(E).
Go
with
the
semicolon
(C).
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9
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25. D All of whom returned safely is not a complete sentence. It modifies
9
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9
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passengers in the preceding sentence. Only (D) addresses that major
9
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9
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problem!
9
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9
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26. E Whats missing in this sentence is where. As it stands now, it implies
9
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9
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that
literacy
program
is
the
direct
object
of
working.
Choices
(D)
and
9
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9
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(E) correct the error, but (D) makes undesirable changes to the verb
9
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9
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tenses.
(E)
is
the
best
answer.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 431
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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27. B That had automobiles should not be separated by commas because it is
9
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9
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an
integral
part
of
the
category
being
described,
not
an
added
9
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9
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description. But it isnt correct in written English to write people that. It
9
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has
to
be
people
who
(or
people
whom
if
what
follows
positions
the
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9
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people as the object of a verb). The answer is (B).
9
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28.
D
The
sentence
as
it
stands
is
a
bit
of
a
disaster.
It
sounds
like
a
run-on:
it
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9
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just goes on and on like the Energizer Bunny. So what you will want to
9
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9
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do is make it more direct, showcasing the important parts and
9
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9
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subordinating the descriptions that are really secondary. You also need
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a comma after It is hard to believe. Start with the easiest thing, and
9
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eliminate (A) and (C) off the bat. Which of (B), (D), and (E) makes the
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9
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sentence more direct? Definitely not (E). Choice (B) gets rid of the
9
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second comma/and combination, which could be good. But is a colon
9
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really in order here? No. The best answer is (D).
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9
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29. A This is a little tricky because the repetition here does serve a purpose; it
9
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9
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isnt
just
extra
wordage
that
got
in
the
authors
way.
Basically,
the
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9
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sentences
are
a
list.
When
you
have
clauses
that
form
a
list
(or
other
9
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9
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things requiring lots of words and/or punctuation), you separate them
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with
semicolons
rather
than
commas.
(A)
looks
good.
All
of
the
other
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answers, except (D), change the sense of the original ever so slightly. (D)
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could
be
possible
if
it
had
and
before
the
last
clause,
but
(A)
is
still
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better.
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30. B While it would be possible to add a comma after convenience, it doesnt
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make much sense to add one after necessity. Changing you live to one
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lives is possible, but not required. So is adding Desert. The comma after
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apparently isnt strictly required, but it is desirable. The only absolutely
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necessary
change
is
to
replace
there
with
they
are
(choice
B).
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There are might have been more difficult to rule against (though still
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incorrect),
but
the
sentence
doesnt
even
say
there
are;
it
just
says
there.
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9
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432 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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Section
4
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1. A What is the name of the kind of talk that is delivered at a funeral?
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Eulogy. If you know this, the answer pops out at you. If you did not
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know it, consider each of the choices in their turn. Epigraph is a quote
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9
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at the beginning of a piece of writing. Eponymy is something with the
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same name as something else. Epitaph is what is written on a
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gravestone. That leaves (A) and (B). Elegy is a poem written in memory.
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You dont give a poem. That leaves (A), the correct answer.
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2.
C
On
this
dual-blank
sentence,
lets
do
the
first
blank
first
since
we
know
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that the blank was an encouragement to the rest of the team. Good
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spirits
would
be
an
encouragement
to
the
rest
of
the
team.
You
can
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9
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eliminate (D) and (E). As for the second blank, what does a string of
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defeats do to a team? It discourages them. (A), elated, does not match
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this.
Nor
does
(B),
inundated.
But
(C),
dispirited,
fits
well
and
youve
9
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already eliminated (D) and (E). Choice (C) is the best answer.
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3. B You might not know what resorted means, but if you know its a
9
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negative word, you can make an educated guess. Which of the answer
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choices is also a negative verb? (A), (C), and (D) are not. (E) is not a
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good answer because swindling has nothing to do with campaigning.
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Choice (B) is the best choice.
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4.
E
The
second
half
of
the
sentence
gives
more
clues,
so
you
ought
to
start
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there. What are cats most likely to do to dogs? Avoid them,
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probablywhich
will
lead
you
to
(E),
the
correct
answer.
But
for
good
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9
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measure,
lets
eliminate
the
other
possibilities.
For
a
cat
to
undermine
a
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dog isnt logical. Being undermined is something that happens to
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humans
or
projects,
so
you
can
definitely
eliminate
(D).
One
could
say
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9
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that a cat enticed a dog to do something, but it isnt good usage simply
9
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to say that the cat enticed the dog. Eliminate (A). Is it likely for a cat to
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gracefully apprehend a dog? No. Eliminate (C). The only possibilities
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left are (B) and (E). A cat might possibly defeat a dog in battle, but use
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the other clues. Defeat and gracefully dont go well together, and it
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doesnt
make
sense
for
a
battle
to
happen
while
the
cat
is
creeping
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across the lawn. Eliminate (B). The answer is (E).
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5. A Attack the second blank first. The most likely adjective to describe
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attention will be something like undivided or rapt. (A), which includes
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rapt,
is
the
answer.
(B),
which
includes
spellbound,
is
also
possible.
But
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pointed anecdotes doesnt make sense, so the answer is (A).
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9 433
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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6. E You know the word is going to be negative: both bogged and
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contentious
tell
you
so.
Eliminate
(B).
Now
think
that
the
word
is
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basically going to mean mess. You can eliminate (A) and (C).
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Conundrum
is
a
confusing
problem,
not
really
a
messy
situation.
(E)
is
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9
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the best answer.
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7.
B
Here
the
first
blank
seems
more
approachable.
The
reference
to
a
clear
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leader indicates that the outcome was known. Eliminate (A) and (E).
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For the second blank, the clue is that the leader misstepped and so rest
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of the competitors must have gotten a chance at the title, but they
9
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werent assured a victory. Eliminate (D) and (C). The answer is (B).
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8. D Consider the first blank. The word though indicates that the drug was
9
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intended
to
be
beneficial
but
ultimately
was
not.
Do
any
of
the
answer
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choices mean not beneficial? (A), (D), and (E) do. How would the
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9
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medical
community
respond
to
a
bad
result?
Ostensibly
they
would
9
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think that a bad result was bad. That eliminates (A) and (E). This
9
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9
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leaves
(D).
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9. B A life that only lasts 24 hours is what in comparison to a normal human
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9
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life?
It
is
short.
Which
of
the
answer
choices
contains
the
notion
of
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9
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shortness
in
its
meaning?
(B),
ephemeral,
does.
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10. E What is a species likely to do in an environment? It either grows in
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number or diminishes in number. Each of the first words, except in (B),
9
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9
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could mean one of those things. Eliminate (B). When you discover that
9
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there is an abundance of food, you know that the first word will suggest
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that
the
kangaroos
increased
in
numbers.
Eliminate
(A)
and
(D).
Now
9
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you need the second part of the sentence. To grow in numbers, the
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9
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kangaroos
will
need
an
absence
or
near
absence
of
predators.
Eliminate
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9
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(C). You are left with (E).
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11. C The best clue in this sentence is fears. Citizens with fears can only be
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concerned or alarmed. That leaves (B) and (C). Its not particularly
9
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9
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logical
to
say
that
a
speech
is
designed
to
ignore
something.
On
the
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other hand, it is common to use assuage with fears. The best answer
9
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is C.
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12. A Lets attack the first blank. If the female is a fencing champion then she
9
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must be skillful with her rapier (her sword). Which of the first answer
9
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choices matches skillful? Choices (A), (B), and (E) do. (C) is possible but
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not
likely.
As
for
the
second
blank,
the
conjunction
but
indicates
that
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her skillfulness in fencing is in contrast to her lack of skill in other
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sports.
Which
of
the
remaining
second
answer
choices
matches
with
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this pre-guess? Only awkward, choice (A), does.
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434 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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13. B There is a contrast drawn in the sentence between receiving accolades
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praise,
awardsand
Jane
Goodalls
initial
standing
in
her
field.
She
9
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9
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must have met with a lack of support or outright disapproval. Eliminate
9
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(E)
because
it
is
illogical.
Eliminate
(C)
because
it
goes
with,
rather
than
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9
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against, accolades. An acolyte is someone who assists a clergyman, so
9
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9
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you can eliminate (A). You are left with (B) and (D). A charlatan is a
9
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9
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fake,
an
incompetent.
If
the
sentence
said,
Some
people
thought
she
9
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9
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was a , charlatan might work, but it says she actually was a -.
9
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9
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She
couldnt
have
been
a
fake
and
later
gotten
awards.
Eliminate
(D).
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9
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You are left with (B), a maverick, an independent thinker, a dissenter,
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9
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a pioneer.
9
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14. D This sentence is contrasting the views of Alston and Mario (the conjunc9
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tion but clues you into this fact). Alston thinks that the lecture was
9
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9
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impressive, which probably means smart, accurate, logical. Marios view
9
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is
in
contrast
to
this.
You
can
eliminate
(A)
and
(C).
Recondite
is
not
9
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9
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likely to be a word to describe a lecture, so eliminate (B). You are left
9
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9
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with
specious
or
fictitious.
Specious
means
logically
false;
fictitious
comes
9
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9
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from fiction, and presumably the philosopher didnt tell a story but
9
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9
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rather
made
an
argument.
Choice
(D)
is
the
best
answer.
9
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9
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15. A If you know that insinuation is a negative word, you can guess that the
9
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9
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first
blank
will
describe
a
logical
response
to
a
negative
thing.
Balk
is
a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
common
word
in
this
situation,
but
if
you
dont
know
that
use
the
9
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9
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process of elimination. You can eliminate (B) and probably (D) because
9
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9
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they are not negative words. Move to the next blank. If the officials
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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response is negative, its most logical that he is accused of having
9
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9
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something to do with the economic woes. Eliminate (C). That leaves (A)
9
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and (E) as the most likely answers. But you dont rile at something;
9
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9
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its not good usage. Eliminate (E) and you are left with (A).
9
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9
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16. D The author is speaking generally in this first paragraph. Global
9
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9
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warming and species extinction are two big, general problems; he refers
9
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9
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to
them
in
a
positive
light
at
maintaining
global
climate
and
genetic
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9
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resources. Genetic resources refers diverse species of plants and
9
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9
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animals, choice (D).
9
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9
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17. E The author mentions that Los Amigos is relatively pristine, and that the
9
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9
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rainforest is facing threats. Eliminate (A) and (B). He isnt talking in the
9
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9
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passage about restoring the rainforest, but preventing future damage.
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9
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Eliminate (C). He does not say that every other part of the rainforest is
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already destroyed beyond repair. Your logic should tell you that.
9
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9
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Eliminate (D) and you are left with (E), the correct answer.
9
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9
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9 435
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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18. A First go back and get the context of the use of this phrase. It refers to
9
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9
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land
being
set
aside
for
conservation
use.
The
only
possibility
is
(A).
9
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9
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9
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19. D This is a difficult question because it requires you to infer the answer.
9
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9
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The
best
way
to
do
that
is
to
eliminate
the
least
likely
answers
and
then
9
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9
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see whats left. The passage tells you that the agreement was the first
9
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long-term
permanently
renewable
conservation
concession.
There
are
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9
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two references to time in this sentence, so the answer must have to do
9
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9
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with timethat leaves (B), (D), and (E). The author isnt really
9
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9
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interested in the legal aspects, though, so eliminate (E). Because he
9
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9
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includes both long-term and renewable, the agreement probably
9
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9
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wasnt the first contract that was simply one or the other. Eliminate (B).
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9
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That leaves you with (D), the correct answer.
9
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9
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20. C This is a question that you should be asking yourself as you read through
9
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9
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the
passage.
The
passage
begins
by
discussing
the
importance
of
conser9
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9
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vation efforts in Amazonia and then links the work at the Los Amigos
9
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9
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watershed
with
this
goal.
The
correct
answer
will
contain
both
of
these
9
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9
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things.
(A)
is
too
general.
(B)
isnt
accuratehe
doesnt
focus
on
elimi9
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9
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nating bad things but on continuing good things. (C) sounds good. (D)
9
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9
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is
incorrect
because
the
passage
is
not
primarily
about
the
Peruvian
gov9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ernment. (E) points to one issue that the passage discusses but lacks
9
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9
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many
of
the
other
issues
the
passage
discusses.
(C)
is
the
best
answer.
9
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9
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9
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21. D This question calls for a little nuance. He does advocate for his project,
9
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9
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but does not position it against other projects. Eliminate (A). (B) is too
9
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general. (C) is not accuratehe does not condemn the government. (D)
9
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9
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sounds good. (E) uses language that is too stronghe is not a zealot,
9
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9
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but a scientist making his case in calm, rational language. (D) is correct.
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9
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22. E The author positions his project as complementary to other projects. These
9
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9
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scientists
are
examples
of
the
other
amenable
projects.
The
answer
is
(E).
9
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9
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23. E This is a tricky answer because the right choice is the one youd least
9
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9
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expect.
The
author
focuses
on
working
with
plants
in
the
watershed,
but
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in the last word of the passage mentions an herbarium, which through
9
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9
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context clues and word study, you can guess means a laboratory where
9
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9
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plants are grown. Eliminate (A). The author mentions studying human9
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9
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plant interactions in paragraph 6. Eliminate (B). Somewhat surprisingly,
9
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the author is in favor of pharmaceutical use of Amazon plants, as he
9
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9
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indicates in paragraphs 1 and 5 and implies in paragraph 6. Eliminate (C).
9
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9
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(D) is obviously not the answer. You might think that because he focuses
9
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9
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on naming, he means labeling, but in fact it is a scientist on another project,
9
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9
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Robin
Foster,
who
actually
labeled
plants.
(E)
is
the
answer.
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9
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436 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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24. B As always, first go back and read the section cited in the question. The
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sentence
in
which
providing
names
occurs,
mentions
communication
9
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9
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about plants and the animals that use them. You will recall that earlier
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in
the
passage,
it
was
stated
that
one
of
the
major
projects
in
studying
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9
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Amazonia was discovering new species. One hurdle for communication
9
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9
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among scientists once a species is discovered is standardizing the name
9
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9
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of
the
species.
This
is
how
providing
names
will
facilitate
communi9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
cation. Choice (B) correctly points this out. (If you had difficulty with
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this
question,
notice
that
all
the
other
choices
mention
issues
not
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9
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directly addressed in the passage. That is a strong indicator that an
9
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9
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answer is incorrect.)
9
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9
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25. A The authors full argument goes, To be informed, we must develop
9
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knowledge. To develop knowledge, we must collect, organize, and
9
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9
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disseminate information. In this sense, botanical information has
9
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9
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conservation
value.
The
author
is
arguing
that
being
informed
is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
essential for conservationism, and so in this sense botanical informa9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tion
has
conservation
value.
So
even
though
(B),
(C),
(D),
and
(E)
are
all
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
things the author might agree with, only (A) captures the meaning of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
argument
made
here.
9
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9
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9
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26. B You might confuse repeated use of the word watershed with an actual
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
discussion
of
water
pollution,
but
the
author
doesnt
mention
water
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pollution
explicitly.
The
answer
is
(B).
If
you
dont
get
this
right
away,
9
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9
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you can arrive at it by eliminating the others. He does clearly mention
9
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9
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all of the other choices.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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27. C The author is talking about how his work at Los Amigos relates to
9
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9
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other conservation projects, and how the Los Amigos area is related to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
other
environmentally
protected
areas.
Only
(C)
captures
that
meaning.
9
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9
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9
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Section
5
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1. C For every positive integer, there is a negative integer the same distance
9
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9
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from
zero.
This
means
that
there
are
an
equal
number
of
positive
and
9
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9
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negative integers. Therefore each set contains the same number of
9
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9
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members,
which
is
choice
(C).
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9
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2. B Four sweaters cost p dollars, and so 12 sweaters at the regular price
9
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9
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would cost 3p (4 3 3 5 12). Since the sweaters are half-off, the 12
9
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9
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3p
9
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sweaters only cost half as much, , choice (B).
9
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2
9
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9
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9
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9 437
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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3. C This fraction looks complicated, but realize that the numerator and de9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
nominator
are
both
fractions.
You
might
then
see
that
the
numerator
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is less than the denominator
, and so this fraction is less than
9
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3
5
9
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9
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one.
That
eliminates
(D)
and
(E)
as
possible
answer
choices.
You
have
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
simplify the fraction to find the answer, and since youre dividing frac9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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tions, remember to multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor:
9
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9
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2
9
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9
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3 2 4 2 5 10 5
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5 4 5 3 5
5 . (C) is the answer.
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4 3 5 3 4 12 6
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5
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4. E Here you just need to plug in and be careful. If x 5 3 then y 5 1 because
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3y 5 x
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3y 5 3
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3y 3
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5
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3
3
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y51
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If
y
5
1,
then
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9
10
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y5
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z
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10
9
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15
9
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z
9
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9
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10
9
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z!
z!1 5
~
~
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z
9
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9
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z 5 10
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This is choice (E).
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5.
C
y
5
mx
1
b
is
the
equation
for
a
line,
so
the
wiggly
lines
of
choices
(D)
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9
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and (E) cannot be correct. A negative m means the slope is negative, so
9
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9
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the
line
must
slant
down
when
viewed
from
left
to
right.
That
9
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9
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eliminates (A). The y-intercept b is positive, so the line must cross the
9
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9
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y-axis
above
the
x-axis.
This
is
true
of
(C),
so
its
the
answer.
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9
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6. A This problem requires a little careful decoding, but all the steps are
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straightforward. The first part of the order is 2 H-M, which are two
9
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9
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medium hats. Usually the hats are $12 each, so two would cost $24, but
9
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since all medium-sized items are 25% off, the price is reduced. Twenty9
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9
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five percent of 24 is 6, so together the two medium hats cost $18 ($24
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minus $6). The next part is 2 H-L, which is two large hats, and together
9
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9
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438 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

SD

SD

S D

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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they cost $24. The last part of the order is 1 SH-M, one medium shirt,
9
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9
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which
costs
$9
since
it
is
25%
off
($3
is
25%
of
$12,
the
normal
cost
of
9
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9
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the medium shirt). Adding up 18 1 24 1 9 5 51, answer (A).
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7.
A
The
task
here
is
to
solve
for
x.
The
test
makers
are
betting
that
the
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9
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square root symbol will throw you off a bit.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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5=x 1 15 5 30
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5=x 1 15 2 15 5 30 2 15
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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5=x 5 15
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5
x
15
=
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5
9
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5
5
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9
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9
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x
5
3
=
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x59
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Answer (A).
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8. D Here there is no shortcut. We have to factor and then simplify.
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x2 2 x 2 12
x 2 4!~x 1 3!
x -4!~x 1 3!
~
~
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5
5
5
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2
2
2x 1 2x 2 12
2~x 1 x 2 6!
2~x 1 3!~x 2 2!
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x24
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. (D) is the answer.
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2
x
2
2
~
!
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9
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9.
C
The
first
thing
to
do
is
to
have
it
clearly
in
mind
what
the
graph
of
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9
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f(x) 5 x2 looks like.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 439
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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This shape comes about as a result of the x2 term. When f(x) 5 x2, the
9
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fact
that
all
x
values
are
squared
makes
every
y
value
positive
(keep
in
9
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9
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mind that f(x) acts as the y value). This graph has no negative y values,
9
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9
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but
to
find
the
right
answer,
it
must
now
be
rotated
clockwise.
This
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9
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means rotating to the right.
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9
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Heres
a
good
way
to
visualize
this.
Hold
up
your
left
hand,
and
make
a
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9
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bowl-shape with your fingers on one side and your thumb on the other.
9
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9
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The tips of your fingers and thumbs should all be point towards the ceil9
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9
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ing. This is your graph before rotation. Now take your left hand and shift
9
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9
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it 90 to the right; in essence, snap your wrist down. The tips of your
9
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9
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fingers and thumb should now be pointing to the right. Find the answer
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9
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choice that looks like the position of your left hand. (C) is the answer.
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10. E The correct ordered pair has to satisfy two conditions, x 2 y . 2 and
9
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x
1
y
.
4.
Lets
start
with
the
first
condition
and
take
it
from
there.
In
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order for x 2 y . 2, x must be greater than y by more than two. This
9
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eliminates
choices
(A),
(B),
and
(D).
Now
you
have
only
two
choices
left
9
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9
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to
check
the
second
condition,
x
1
y
.
4.
If
you
add
the
x
and
y
values
9
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9
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of choice (C) together you get 4, but the value must be greater than 4.
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9
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Choice
(E)
has
to
be
the
correct
answer.
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9
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11. A The best way to approach a problem like this is to use one of the
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9
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equations and solve for one of the variables in terms of the other. Then
9
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9
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you can place that answer into the second equation.
9
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9
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This problem succumbs quite nicely to this strategy. Take the first
9
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9
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equation
and
solve
for
y
in
terms
of
x.
Cross-multiplication
makes
9
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9
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this simple.
9
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1
x
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5
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y 2
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2x
5
y
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9
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You can now substitute this information into x 1 y. Subbing in for y:
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x 1 y 5 x 1 2x 5 3x, which is (A).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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12. B There are two main ways to approach this problem. You can come up
9
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9
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with
a
snazzy
algebraic
formula,
or
you
can
go
to
the
answer
choices
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and start cranking in numbers. Lets use the crank method.
9
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9
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9
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Whichever
method
you
use,
you
must
first
determine
how
much
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9
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Quentin paid for the three hot dogs. This is done by subtracting $7.34
9
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9
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from
$10,
giving
you
$2.66.
This
is
the
price,
including
tax,
of
three
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
hot dogs.
9
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9
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440 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS

Tip

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9
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9
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9
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With the crank method, starting with the middle answer choice (C)
9
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9
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often
yields
a
clue,
even
if
its
incorrect.
Choice
(C)
has
a
hot
dog
at
86
9
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9
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cents. Add 6 or 7 cents sales tax to this, and then multiply by three.
9
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9
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You
get:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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3(86 1 7) 5 3(93)5279
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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You can add the entire amount of sales tax per dollar, 7 cents, or you
9
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9
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can take into account the fact that 86 cents is not quite an entire
9
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9
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dollar,
so
Quentin
might
not
owe
the
entire
7
cents
sales
tax.
This
9
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9
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might seem vague, but the question does allow for some wiggle room
9
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9
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since it asks which is closest to the price . . . Whether you use 6 or
9
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7 cents sales tax, the same answer works best both ways.
9
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9
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9
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You know that Quentin spent $2.66, or 266 cents. Answer choice (C)
9
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9
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comes
out
at
279
cents,
which
is
13
cents
too
many.
This
means
that
(C)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is incorrect because its too great. If (C) is too great, then (D) and (E) are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
even
greater,
so
they
must
also
be
incorrect.
This
leaves
(A)
and
(B).
Try
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B). If it also too great, then the answer must be (A). Heres (B).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3(82
1
7)
5
3(89)
5
267
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This is only one penny off. If you use a 6-cent sales tax, it is only 2 cents
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
off. (B) is closest to the price of the hot dog, so its the correct answer.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 441
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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9
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13. D Since the triangles are congruent, you know that the bottom right angle
9
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9
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on
the
left
triangle
is
a
right
angle.
You
also
know
that
the
side
opposite
9
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9
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9
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x=3
9
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of
b
is
,
and
from
this
you
can
deduce
that
the
side
adjacent
to
b
9
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2
9
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x
9
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is by using the Pythagorean theorem. Heres what the computation
9
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2
9
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9
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would
look
like:
9
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9
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2
2
2
9
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a 1b 5c
9
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9
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2
9
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3x
=
2
2
9
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1b 5x
9
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2
9
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9
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3
9
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2
2
2
1
b
5
x
x
9
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4
9
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9
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9
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3 2 3 2
3 2
2
2
9
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x 2 x 1b 5x 2 x
9
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4
4
4
9
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2
9
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x
2
9
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b
5
9
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4
9
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9
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x
9
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b5
9
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2
9
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9
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9
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The sides of this right triangle, then, are in the proportions of a
9
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9
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30-60-90
triangle.
And
since
angle
b
is
opposite
the
second
largest
side,
9
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9
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its measure is 60, choice (D).
9
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9
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9
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14.
C
You
can
infer
that
the
figure
is
a
square
since
all
the
sides
must
be
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9
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congruent because they are all formed by points equidistant from zero.
9
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9
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To find the area of the square, you only need the length of one side. You
9
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9
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can get this two ways: you can use the distance formula for two points
9
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9
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or you can take a shortcut and realize that the square is cut into four
9
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9
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45-45-90 triangles by the y- and x-axes. The length of each non9
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hypotenuse side of these triangles is 2, so the hypotenuse must be
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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2=2. This hypotenuse is also the length of the squares side, so place
9
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9
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this
value
into
the
area
of
a
square
formula:
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9
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2
9
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A
5
s
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9
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2
9
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A 5 ~2=2!
9
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9
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A
5
4
3
2
5
8
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Choice (C) is the answer.
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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442 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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15. E The smallest percentage difference is going to be the year where the flu
9
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9
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column
and
the
cold
column
are
closest.
(The
converse
is
not
true
for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the greatest percentage difference.) Eyeing the chart is the fastest way to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
determine
the
answer.
The
values
in
the
columns
for
2000
look
and
are
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the closest, and so the percentage difference is the least. (E) is
9
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9
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the answer.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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16. D Cold cases (white bar) have to be greater than flu cases (shaded bar), so
9
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9
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there are only two decades that could be the correct answer, 1970 and
9
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9
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1990, choices (B) and (D). In 1970, the number of cold cases is about
9
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9
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twice as many as the flu (2,000 to 1,000), so the percentage difference
9
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9
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would be 100%. This makes 1990, choice (D), the answer by default,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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but you can see that the percentage difference works out to about 25%
9
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since there were roughly 4,000 cold cases and 3,000 flu cases.
9
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9
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9
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17.
A
You
may
want
to
save
Roman
numeral
questions
for
the
second
pass!
A
9
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9
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judicious use of POE will help you out on this one, though. Looking at
9
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9
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I,
angles
6
and
12
are
both
formed
by
the
same
intersecting
line,
and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
they
are
congruent.
Since
I
must
be
true,
you
can
take
this
information
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and cross out any answer choices that do not have I in them.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Surprisingly,
this
gets
rid
(B),
(C),
and
(D).
The
answer
is
either
(A)
(I
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
only) or (E) (I and II only). Since these are the only choices, you do not
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
even
have
to
worry
about
III.
Check
II,
and
if
it
must
be
true,
then
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer
is
(E).
If
it
isnt
true,
the
answer
must
be
(A).
As
it
turns
out,
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and 9 are not congruent, so the answer is choice (A).
9
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9
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18. A This problem looks rather complicated, but the negative in front of the
9
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9
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a simplifies it. If 2a2b is positive, then a must be negative and raised
9
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9
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to an odd power. To get your head around this, consider that if a were
9
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9
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positive,
the
entire
expression
could
not
be
positive.
So
(A)
must
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
be true.
9
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9
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9
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19.
D
The
first
thing
to
recognize
here
is
that
the
figure
is
composed
of
three
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
triangles, and since all the line segments are congruent, all the triangles
9
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9
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are
equilateral
and
congruent
to
each
other.
Equilateral
triangles
are
all
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
60-60-60 triangles, and so both a and b are 60. Choice (D) is true.
9
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9
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9
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20. C Since the boys cannot sit by seat 3, both girls always have to be sitting in
9
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9
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seat 2 and 4. The boys have to be in seats 1 and 5.
9
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9
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If the first girl is in seat 2, then the second is in seat 4. If the first boy is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in
seat
1
the
second
boy
is
in
seat
5.
That
is
one
arrangement.
The
boys
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
could switch seats, and that is a second arrangement. The girls could
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
also
switch
seats,
and
this
would
yield
another
two
possible
arrange9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ments. That gives four total, (C).
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 443
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
2c

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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9
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21. E There is a little formula that can be used, and you can draw up a Venn
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
diagram
if
you
like,
but
if
you
keep
your
head
you
can
reason
your
way
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
through this problem. If 52 students are in neither class, then 98
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
students
are
in
algebra
or
geometry.
The
question
states
that
73
are
in
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
geometry and 62 are in algebra, so that would be a total of 73 1 62 5
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
135 students. Since this number is greater than the number (98) of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
students
you
found
earlier,
the
difference
between
135
and
98
must
be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the number of students enrolled in both algebra and geometry. This
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
difference
is
37
(135
2
98
5
37),
choice
(E).
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Section
6
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9
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1. B In reference to the discovery of DNA, the passage states, the study of
9
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9
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life could now be performed with more abstract methods of analysis.
9
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9
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(B) makes the same point, using the same key word, while all the other
9
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choices either go beyond what the passage actually states (e.g. (A), the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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passage does not say that the study of lipids and proteins became
9
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9
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irrelevant; (C) basically says the same thing) or bring in topics not
9
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9
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mentioned in the passage (e.g. (D), Mendelian genetics is not mentioned
9
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9
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in the passage).
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9
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9
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2. E The passage contrasts wet and dirty study of lipids and proteins with
9
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9
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the
information-based
study
of
DNA.
In
this
sense
wet
and
dirty
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
involves
intensive
laboratory
work
with
things
like
lipids
and
proteins.
9
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9
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It is not haphazard guessing (A). Choice (E) states this correctly, also
9
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9
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drawing
on
language
in
the
passage
(information-based).
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9
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3. D The passage says that Saunders was a writer on Western topics who was
9
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9
widely read in the past. (D) fits with this. (A) does not. The passage does
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9
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not
say
anything
like
(B),
(C),
or
(E).
Thus
(D)
is
the
best
choice.
9
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9
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9
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4.
A
The
passage
reads,
many
of
the
groups
who
popularized
rock
and
roll
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
consciously
were
attempting
to
emulate
the
work
of
blues
greats
such
as
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B. B. King. Choice (A) is an accurate paraphrase of the information
9
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9
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given
in
the
passage.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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5. C Antecedent means coming before. Even if you dont know the word,
9
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9
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you
can
use
word
analysis
to
figure
out
that
it
has
something
to
do
with
9
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9
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before. Dont confuse ante- with anti- (against). You can eliminate (D)
9
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9
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and (E). Referent is a synonym for antecedent only in grammatical
9
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9
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usage. Eliminate (B). You are left with antebellum, meaning before the
9
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9
war, or causal, meaning causing. Causal is more specific and more
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9
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logical. (C) is the answer.
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
444 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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6. C The passage begins by describing the Seneca Falls convention as the first
9
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9
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organized
attempt
for
womans
voting
rights
(read
the
first
sentences
of
9
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9
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the passage to see this). AWSA and NWSA came after Seneca Falls. (D)
9
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9
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and
(E)
refer
to
information
provided
in
Passage
2.
Choice
(C)
is
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9
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the answer.
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9
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7.
A
The
passage
states
that
the
Seneca
Falls
conference
did
not
have
an
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immediate effect because the nation became embroiled in issues related
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to the coming Civil War. Knowledge of the dates of the Civil War will
9
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9
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help you avoid confusing it with World War I. It was the Civil War, (A),
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that pushed the womans voting rights movement to the background of
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9
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the national consciousness.
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9
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8. B Here it is best to go back to the passage and clarify in your own mind
9
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9
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the distinctions drawn between the NWSA and the AWSA. The NWSA,
9
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9
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which
the
question
asks
about,
focused
their
efforts
on
federal
and
9
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constitutional issues, whereas the AWSA focused on state-level issues.
9
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9
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So
(B)
is
the
correct
answer.
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9
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9
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9. B Dont be distracted by the wrong answers. Without even reading the
9
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9
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passage,
you
could
guess
that
the
conflict
between
two
organizations
9
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9
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was
resolved
when
they
combined.
The
answer
is
(B).
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10. D The author of Passage 1 doesnt have a very strong opinion, so you can
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eliminate (A) and (E). Now you need to decide if the authors opinion,
9
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however subtle, is positive or negative. It seems positive. For example,
9
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9
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the author describes the work of the NAWSA as important. Thus the
9
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9
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correct
answer
will
be
positive.
That
eliminates
(B)
and
(C).
The
answer
9
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9
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is (D).
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11.
A
The
first
question
is
to
determine
what
the
ultimate
victory
of
the
9
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9
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womans suffrage movement is. The first paragraph of the second
9
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passage
makes
it
clear
the
author
views
the
passing
of
the
amendment
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9
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to the constitution as the ultimate victory, and this occurred with
9
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9
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Tennessee
approving
the
amendment.
So
(A)
is
the
answer.
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9
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12. C The earliest time that the second passage points to is the 1870s (the first
9
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9
passage refers to the Seneca Falls convention in 1848), and so (C) is
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9
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the answer.
9
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9
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9
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13. C The second passage describes partial suffrage as the right to, vote in
9
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9
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local
affairs
such
as
municipal
elections,
school
board
elections,
or
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9
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prohibition measures. All of the examples but (C) refer to local affairs.
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9
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Choice
(C)
refers
to
something
mentioned
only
in
Passage
1
(which
was,
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9
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moreover, before the 1848 Seneca Falls convention).
9
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9
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9 445
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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14. B The second passage argues that the partial suffrages showed that
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9
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woman
could
responsibly
and
reasonably
participate
in
a
representa9
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9
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tive democracy. These examples made the reasoning of nonsuffragists,
9
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9
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that
woman
were
not
fit
to
vote,
difficult
to
maintain.
Choice
(B)
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9
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correctly points to this same idea.
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9
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15.
E
To
answer
a
question
like
this
you
have
to
clearly
have
in
mind
which
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9
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passage discusses what. Neither passage mentions the number of the
9
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9
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amendment that gave women the right to vote. The second passage
9
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9
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mentions when the amendment became law in the first paragraph, so
9
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9
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you can eliminate (A). The first passage mentions the Civil War in the
9
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9
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first paragraph. The first passage mentions the leaders of NWSA in the
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9
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second paragraph. The second passage is all about partial suffrages,
9
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and youve confirmed this in question 14. The only possible answer
9
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9
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is (E).
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9
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9
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16. A Recall that the author of the second passage saw the partial
9
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9
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suffrages,
the
local
successes
of
the
womans
movement
in
the
1870s
9
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9
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and
1880s,
as
crucial
to
the
ultimate
success
of
the
movement.
The
first
9
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9
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passage says that AWSA focused on state-level issues. Choice (A) states
9
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9
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as
much
and
is
the
best
choice.
NWSA
was
specifically
interested
in
9
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9
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federal and constitutional issues, so (B) is factually incorrect. The
9
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9
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author
of
passage
two
agrees
that
the
constitutional
amendment
was
9
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9
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the
ultimate
success
of
the
suffrage
movement,
so
he
or
she
would
not
9
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9
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agree with (C). (D) also contradicts that view. (E) is more difficult to
9
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9
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eliminate, but the author of Passage 2 doesnt mention any differences
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9
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within the suffrage movement. Choice (A) is the best answer.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
446 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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Section
7
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1. This one is all about PEMDAS.
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2 2
2
2
2
9
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2
3
1
4
2
3
4
5
2
9
1
4
2
12
~
!
~
~
!!
~
!
~
!
@
#
9
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2
9
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5
2
81
1
28
162
1
64
~
!
~
!
@
#
9
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9
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5 162 1 64
9
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9
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5 226
9
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9
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2. Remember when you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative, you
9
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9
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switch the direction of the inequality sign:
9
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9
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9
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9
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22 2 3x . 13
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9
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22 2 22 2 3x . 13 2 22
9
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9
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23x . 29
9
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9
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23x 29
9
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9
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,
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23
23
9
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9
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x
,
3
9
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9
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9
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The only two positive integers less than 3 are 2 or 1. Either one is an
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
acceptable answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. The cost will include the initial charge and the minute rate times thirty, 0.40
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1 0.06(30) 5 0.40 1 1.80 5 2.20.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4. A good, no-nonsense way to find the least common multiple (LCM) is to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
multiply
both
numbers
by
increasing
positive
integers
until
both
multiply
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
same
number.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18 3 2 5 36
24 3 2 5 48
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18
3
3
5
54
24
3
3
5
72
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18 3 4 5 72
24 3 4 5 96
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18
3
5
5
90
24
3
6
5
120
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18
3
6
5
108
24
3
6
5
144
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18 3 7 5 126
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18
3
8
5
144
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Both numbers multiply out to 72, so this is the answer. Creating these two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tables would take a lot of time if you didnt have a calculator, but since you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
do, make the most of it.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 447
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5. If x is any negative number, then the inequality will hold true because the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
absolute
value
bars
will
knock
the
value
up
well
over
2.
If
you
dont
see
this,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
plug in some negative numbers.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Thinking
positively,
if
x
.
5
then
the
inequality
is
also
true.
The
only
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
remaining integers are 05. Plugging zero into the inequality, it still holds
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
true.
But
if
you
plug
15
in,
the
inequality
is
not
true.
Thus
any
integer
1,
2,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3, 4, 5 is correct.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6. This problem works very much like a function machine. Take the number
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
they
give
you
and
place
it
into
the
equation,
then
solve.
For
the
eleventh
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
term, k will be equal to 11, so
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
1
1
12
k
1
1
10
10
120
10
~
!
~
!
~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5
5
5
12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
k21
11 2 1
10
10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. If you do not see the answer by visualizing the points, you can always use the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
formula
for
the
midpoint.
It
is
just
the
average
of
the
coordinates
(in
this
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
case, the y coordinates)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
y
y
2
1
6
8
1
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5 5 4.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8. You can use trigonometric functions to solve this problem, or you could use
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the Pythagorean theorem since this is a right triangle (the measure of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angles have to sum to 180 and you know the measures of two of the three
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angles,
40
and
50,
sum
to
90.
This
means
the
third
angle
must
be
90.)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
a 1b 5c
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
42 1 ~2=5! 5 c2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
16 1 20 5 c
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
36 5 c
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
5
c
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
answer
is
6.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9. The mean is the average, so we have to add up all the numbers and divide by
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
total:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
7 1 4 1 3 1 6 1 2 1 2 24
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5 4.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The median is the number in the middle if you line up all the numbers from
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
greatest
to
least.
Since
there
is
an
even
number
of
numbers,
the
median
will
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
be the average of the two middle numbers, {2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7}. The median then
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.
is
the
average
of
3
and
4,
or
3.5.
The
difference
between
the
two
is
0.5
or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
448 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10. Draw this picture! Two lines that are perpendicular to the same line are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
parallel.
To
see
this,
draw
one
line
perpendicular
to
another,
and
then
draw
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a third line perpendicular to the second; it will be parallel to the first line).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.
That
means
a
and
c
are
parallel,
which
implies
they
have
the
same
slope,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11. This might appear complicated, but a few careful substitutions and you will
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
have the answer. When, y 5 3, x 5 5 because x 5 y 1 2.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now you need to plug this value of x into the function,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
f(x) 5 x2 1 3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
f~5! 5 5 1 3 5 25 1 3 5 28
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12. The first step is to sketch the inscribed square.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The sides of the square are =8 since the area is 8. You get this by working
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
backward from the area of a square formula:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A5s
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8
5
s
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
85s
=
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
=4 3 2 5 s
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2=2 5 s
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The longest straight line that originates and terminates on the circumference
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
the
diagonal
of
the
square.
Now
that
you
have
the
side
of
the
square,
you
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
can find the length of its diagonal because two sides of the square and its
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
hypotenuse make a 45-45-90 right triangle. The diagonal is the hypotenuse,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
times
greater
than
a
side.
so
it
will
be
=
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This means the diagonal of the square is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~2=2!~=2! 5 2=4 5 2 3 2 5 4.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 449
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13. Our range of numbers to meet the conditions is 1000 to 1198. The only way
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to
meet
the
two
conditions
in
the
1100s
is
to
have
the
ones
and
units
sum
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15 since with the two 1s (in the hundreds and thousands place) will make
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
sum
17.
But
this
is
impossible,
since
two
numbers
that
are
the
same
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
cannot sum to an odd number. Therefore, the answer must be in the 1000s.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1011 is far too less a sum of digits, and 1099 is too great, but not by much.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Try
1088.
It
sums
to
17.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Section
8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As you might expect, answers will vary. If possible, politely ask a teacher,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fellow
student,
or
some
other
person
knowledgeable
about
formal
essay
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
writing to review your essay and provide feedback on ways in which the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
essay is commendable and on areas where it could be improved.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
450 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Scoring Worksheet

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
MATH
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Number
Number
Raw
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Correct
Incorrect
5
Score
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2 (.25 3
) 5
Section 2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 5
2 (.25 3
) 5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 7
2 (.25 3
) 5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
CRITICAL READING
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Sections
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1, 4, and 6
2 (.25 3
) 5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
WRITING
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 3
2 (.25 3
) 5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 8 Go to www.petersons.com/satessayedge/
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for instant online scoring and feedback.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

Scoring Worksheet

451

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
MATH
CRITICAL READING
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Raw
Math
Scaled
Raw
Math
Scaled
Raw
Verbal
Scaled
Raw
Verbal
Scaled
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
78
800
37
510
60
800
28
500
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
77
800
36
510
59
800
27
490
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
76
800
35
500
58
790
26
490
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
75
790
34
500
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
57
770
25
480
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
74
780
33
490
56
760
24
470
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
73
770
32
490
55
740
23
460
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
72
760
31
480
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
54
720
22
460
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
71
750
30
480
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
53
710
21
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
70
740
29
470
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
52
700
20
440
7
69
730
28
460
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
51
690
19
430
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
68
720
27
460
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
50
680
18
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
67
710
26
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
49
670
17
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
66
700
25
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
48
660
16
410
65
700
24
440
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
47
650
15
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
64
690
23
440
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
46
640
14
400
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
63
680
22
430
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
45
630
13
390
62
670
21
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
44
620
12
380
61
670
20
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
43
610
11
370
60
660
19
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
42
600
10
360
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
59
650
18
400
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
41
600
9
350
58
640
17
390
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
57
640
16
380
40
590
8
340
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
56
630
15
380
39
580
7
330
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
55
620
14
370
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
38
570
6
320
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
54
610
13
360
37
560
5
310
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
53
610
12
360
36
560
4
300
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
52
600
11
350
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
35
550
3
280
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
51
600
10
340
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34
540
2
270
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
50
590
9
330
33
540
1
250
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
49
590
8
320
32
530
0
240
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
48
580
7
310
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
31
520
21
220
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
47
570
6
300
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
30
510
22
210
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
46
570
5
290
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
29
510
23 and
200
45
560
4
270
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
below
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
44
550
3
260
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
43
550
2
250
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
42
540
1
240
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
41
540
0
230
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
40
530
21
220
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
39
520
22
210
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
38
520
23
and
200
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
below
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

Score Charts

452

Answer Sheets

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

12

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
O

E
O

11

A
O

E
O

19

A
O

E
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

28

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

29

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

15

A
O

23

A
O

E
O

30

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

23

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

11

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

18

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

SECTION

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

E
O

453

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

Answer Sheets

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

For Questions 113:

Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored.
You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.

10

11

12

13

454

www.petersons.com

Practice Test

2
Section 1
20 Questions j Time25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
outside
knowledge
to
answer
the
questionsall
the
material
you
will
need
will
be
in
the
passage
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
itself. In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
A bill is the form used for most legislation in
1. From the passage, it can be inferred that a 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
United
State
Congress.
Only
constitutional
bill
that
is
designated
as
H.R.
1
is
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
amendments and procedural issues affecting the
first bill
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
House
and
Senate
are
adopted
by
a
resolution,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) voted upon by the House of Repre34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
rather than a bill. Bills can be written to be
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sentatives in a particular session of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
permanent or temporary, general or special. A
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
Congress.
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
bill originating in the House of Representatives
(B) submitted to the House of Represen- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
is designated by the letters H.R., signifying
tatives in a particular session of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
House of Representatives, followed by a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Congress.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
number
that
it
retains
throughout
all
its
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) sent to the Senate from the House of 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
parliamentary stages. The number on the bill is
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Representatives in a particular
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
determined
by
the
order
in
which
it
was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
session
of
Congress.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
submitted during a particular session. Bills are
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) originating in the House of Repre34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
presented
to
the
President
for
action
when
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sentatives
signed
by
the
President
in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
approved
in
identical
form
by
both
the
House
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
a particular session of Congress.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of Representatives and the Senate.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
debated
on
the
floor
of
the
House
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Representatives in a particular
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
session of Congress.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
455

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2. It is implied in the passage that once a bill
4. Given what the passage states about
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is passed in the House of Representatives
Native American views of nature, which
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that it might be sent to which of the
of the following scenarios most accords
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
following two places?
with a Native American view?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
Senate,
conference
committee
(A)
Studying
a
microorganism
removed
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Senate, House committee
from its habitat.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
Senate,
President
(B)
Studying
Earth
through
satellite
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) President, Supreme Court
images.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) President, Congress
(C) Studying only animals and sub7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
stances
with
spiritual
symbolism.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Native
American views of nature have impor(D) Studying a specific organisms
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12tant
parallels in contemporary ecology.
interrelationships
with
its
habitat.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122Through
traditional customs and symbols like
(E) Studying a habitat as a whole.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12the
medicine wheel, a circular arrangement of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12stones
often interpreted as representing the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Questions
512
are
based
on
the
following
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122relationship
between
Earth,
air,
water,
and
fire,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
passage.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Native
Americans have long recognized and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12celebrated
This
passage
is
about
Aaron
Copland,
one
of
the
the
connectedness
among
all
natural
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12things.
most celebrated American composers.
Indeed, the Native American view of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12world
has
always
been
consistent
with
that
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Line Coplands music of the late 1920s
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Earth
ecologythat
Earth
is
a
single
system
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
culminates in two key works, both
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12interconnected
parts.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
uncompromising in their modernism: the 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Symphonic Ode of 1929 and the Piano
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(5)
Variations of 1930. The fate of these
3. The symbol of the medicine wheel is given
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
compositions contrasts sharply. While the 7
as a(n)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Piano Variations is not often performed
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) illustration of how Native Americans
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in concert, it is well known to pianists
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
view
the
Earth
as
an
interconnected
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
because,
although
it
does
contain
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
system.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
virtuoso passages, even those of very
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) example of the Native American
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
modest
ability
can
play
at
the
work
in
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
understanding
of
the
four
elements.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
private.
It
represents
the
twentieth7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) example of the interrelatedness of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
century continuation of the great
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
four
basic
elements.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tradition
of
keyboard
variationsthe
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) critique of contemporary ecological
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(15)
tradition that produced such works as
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
understandings of the Earth.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
Bach
Goldberg
Variations,
and
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) contrast to contemporary ecological
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Beethovens Diabelli Variations. Cop7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
understandings of the Earth.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
lands Symphonic Ode, on the other
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
hand, remains almost unknown: An
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
intense symphonic movement, it was
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
considered unperformable by the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
conductor Serge Koussevitzky, otherwise
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the most potent American champion of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
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7
12
Coplands work during the first half of
(Some of the folk music he heard in Rio
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7
12
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12
(25)
the century. Koussevitzky did perform a
de Janeiro on this trip appears in his later 7
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7
12
revised version in 1932; but even with a
works.) Copland in fact envisioned
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7
12
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12
second, more extensive revision in 1955,
(70)
American music as being music of the 7
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7
12
the Ode is seldom played. It is Coplands
Americas as a whole. His own use of
7
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7
12
single
longest
orchestral
movement.
Mexican
material
in
the
mid-1930s
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12
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7
12
(30)
Perhaps as a reaction to the perforhelped make his style more accessible to 7
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12
7
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mance problems of the Symphonic Ode,
listeners not willing to accept the
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(75)
Coplands next two orchestral works
challenges of modern symphonic music.
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7
12
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7
12
deal
in
shorter
units
of
time:
the
Short
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7
12
Symphony of 1933 requires fifteen
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7
12
5. What is the authors tone toward Cop34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(35)
minutes for three movements and the six
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7
12
lands music?
7
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Statements
for
orchestra
of
1935
last
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7
12
(A)
Strident
skepticism
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7
12
only nineteen minutes. Yet, in fact, these
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7
12
(B)
Clinical
objectivity
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7
12
works
were
more
complex
than
the
Ode;
7
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(C)
Respectful
description
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7
12
in
particular,
the
wiry,
agile
rhythms
of
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7
12
(D)
Qualified
enthusiasm
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7
12
(40)
the opening movement of the Short
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7
12
(E)
Unqualified
praise
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7
12
Symphony proved too much for both the
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
conductors Serge Koussevitzky and
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12
6. The word virtuoso in line 10 could best 7
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7
12
Leopold Stokowski. In the end it was
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7
12
be replaced with
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7
Carlos Chvez and the Orquesta Sin12
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7
12
(45)
fnica de Mxico who gave the Short
(A) ostentatious.
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7
12
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7
12
Symphony its premiere.
(B) intricate
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7
12
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7
12
It
may
have
been
partly
Coplands
(C)
raucous.
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12
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7
12
friendship with Carlos Chvez that drew
(D) abstruse.
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7
12
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7
12
him
to
Mexico.
Copland
first
visited
(E)
publicized.
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7
12
(50)
Mexico in 1932 and returned frequently
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in
later
years.
His
initial
delight
in
the
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12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
country is related in his letter of January
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7
12
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7
12
13, 1933, to Mary Lescaze, in which he
7
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7
12
glowingly
describes
the
Mexican
people
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(55)
and the Mexican landscape. His interest
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
in
Mexico
is
also
reflected
in
his
music,
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7
12
including El Saln Mxico (1936) and
7
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7
12
the Three Latin American Sketches
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(1972).
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(60)
Mexico was not Coplands only Latin
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7
12
American interest. A 1941 trip to
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7
12
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7
12
Havana suggested his Danzn Cubano.
7
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7
12
By the early 1940s he was friends with
7
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7
12
South American composers such as
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(65)
Jacobo
Ficher,
and
in
1947
he
toured
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
South America for the State Department.
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7
12
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7 457
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
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7. In the first paragraph the author states
9. The author of the passage believes that
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that Symphonic Ode and Piano Variations
Coplands works immediately subsequent
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
had different fates in that
to the Symphonic Ode were possibly
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
written
(A) one was largely ignored while the
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
other
was
almost
universally
praised.
(A)
for
Coplands
new
relationship
with
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) one, a simpler piece, won popular
Carlos Chvez and the Orquesta
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
acclaim,
while
the
other,
a
more
Sinfnica
de
Mxico.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
complex piece, won critical acclaim.
(B) to be simpler than the Symphonic
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) one, a simpler piece, became widely
Ode, on account of its difficulty in
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
known
by
pianists,
but
the
other,
a
being
performed.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
more complex piece, remained
(C) to be shorter than the Symphonic
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
largely
unknown.
Ode,
because
the
Ode
was
not
being
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) one, featuring Mexican influences,
performed.
7
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7
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was popular in Latin America, and
(D) to demand even more of conductors
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the other, a modernist piece, was
and musicians attempting to play
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
popular in the United States.
Coplands music.
7
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7
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(E) both were initially acclaimed but
(E) to reflect Coplands new interest in
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
only one became part of Coplands
Latin America.
7
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corpus of beloved works.
7
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7
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10.
In
the
sentence
beginning
Yet,
in
fact,
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
8.
Koussevitzky
is
mentioned
as
an
example
these
works.
.
.
in
lines
3743
[second
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of a(n)
paragraph], the author suggests that
7
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7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
American
conductor
who
admired
(A)
parts
of
the
Short
Symphony
simply
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Coplands work, but nonetheless
werent melodic enough to engage
7
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7
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found some pieces too difficult to
audiences.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
perform.
(B) the Statements were too brief to
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) friend of Coplands who agreed to
warrant a formal performance.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
perform his less popular works.
(C) even those who admired Coplands
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) European composer who took issue
work lost patience with the Short
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
with the difficulty of Coplands
Symphony and Statements.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
early
work.
(D)
the
Statements
and
Short
Symphony
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) musician who appreciated Coplands
determined which performers were
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
work
but
was
unable
to
play
it.
truly
excellent
and
which
were
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) European conductor who performed
mediocre.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Coplands
work.
(E)
the
Short
Symphony
had
melodies
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that were too quick to be played
7
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7
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even by famous musicians.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
458 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
11. The author suggests that Copland believed
round, we are still just barely skimming
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(10)
Latin American music
the surface when you consider that the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
diameter of the Earth is over 8,000 miles. 7
(A) was unfamiliar enough to a North
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
So how much of the Earth can we see 7
American audience that he needed to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
at one time? When you are standing on
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
introduce
them
to
it.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
ground,
the
horizon
is
a
few
miles
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) was different enough from North
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
away. When in a tall building, the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
American
music
that
incorporating
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
horizon
can
be
as
far
as
about
40
miles.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
aspects
of
it
would
make
his
music
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
From the International Space Station, the 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
unique and exciting.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
distance
to
the
horizon
is
over
1,000
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
influenced
and
was
influenced
by
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
miles.
So
from
horizon
to
horizon,
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
North American music.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(20)
section of the Earth you can see at any
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
primarily
originated
in
Mexico
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
one
time
is
a
patch
about
2,000
miles
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and
Cuba.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
across, almost enough to see the entire
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7
12
(E) embodied the polar opposite of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
United
States
at
once.
It
isnt
exactly
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
modernist aesthetics.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
seeing
the
Earth
like
a
big
blue
marble,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(25)
its more like having your face up against 7
12. The sentence beginning His own use of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
a big blue beach ball. When I look out a 7
Mexican
material.
.
.

in
lines
7175
sug34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
window that faces straight down, it is
gests that the modernist music which also
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
actually
pretty
hard
to
see
the
horizon
influenced
Coplands
compositions
was
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
you need to get your face very close to
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) superior in quality to his Latin
(30)
the window. So what you see out a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
American
influences.
window like that is a moving patch of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
dry
and
passionless.
ground
(or
water).
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) technically more challenging to
From the time a place on the ground 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
perform.
comes into view until it disappears over
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) inaccessible but rewarding.
(35)
the horizon is only a few minutes, since
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) outmoded by the 1930s.
we
are
traveling
300
miles
per
minute.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
When looking out a sideward facing
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Questions 1320 are based on the following
window, you can see the horizon of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
passage.
Earth
against
the
black
background
of
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(40)
space. The horizon is distinctly curved.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The following passage was written by Ed Lu, an
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The
edge
of
the
Earth
isnt
distinct
but
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
astronaut, while a crew member of the Interna34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
rather is smeared out due to the atmo7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tional Space Station.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sphere. Here you can get a feel for how
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Line Whenever I get a chance, I spend time
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
relatively thin the atmosphere is com34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
just
observing
the
planet
below.
It
turns
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(45)
pared to the Earth as a whole. I can see
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
out you can see a lot more from up here
that the width of the atmosphere on the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
than
you
might
expect.
First
off,
we
horizon is about 1 degree in angular size, 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(5)
arent as far away as some people
which is about the width of your index
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
thinkour
orbit
is
only
about
240
miles
finger held out at arms length. There
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
above
the
surface
of
the
Earth.
While
this
(50)
really
isnt
a
sharp
boundary
to
the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is high enough to see that the Earth is
atmosphere, but it gets rapidly thinner
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7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 459
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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the higher you go. Not many airplanes
14. The second half of the second paragraph
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
can fly higher than about 10 miles, and
is primarily concerned with
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the highest mountains are only about 6
(A) how ones location affects ones
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(55)
miles high. Above about 30 miles there is
visual horizon.
7
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very little air to speak of, but at night
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
the
thickness
and
density
of
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
you
can
see
a
faint
glow
from
what
little
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
atmosphere.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
air there is at that height.
7
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(C)
the
speed
of
the
International
Space
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Since
we
orbit
at
an
altitude
about
40
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Station.
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7
12(60)
times higher than the tallest mountain,
7
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(D) the visual horizon from atop a
7
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the
surface
of
the
Earth
is
pretty
smooth
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tall
building.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from
our
perspective.
A
good
way
to
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) being able to see all the Earth at once. 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
imagine our view is to stand up and look
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
down
at
your
feet.
Imagine
that
your
eyes
7
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15. The author compares the view of the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(65)
are where the International Space Station
Earth from a downward-facing window in 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is orbiting, and the floor is the surface of
the International Space Station to
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
Earth.
The
atmosphere
would
be
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
holding
a
blue
marble
at
arms
7
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about 6 inches high, and the height of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
length.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tallest mountain is less than 2 inches, or
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
having
your
face
up-close
to
a
big
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(70)
about the height of the tops of your feet.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
blue beach ball.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Almost all of the people below you
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
looking
at
the
tips
of
your
shoes
7
would live in the first one quarter of an
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
when standing up.
inch from the floor. The horizon of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
looking
at
an
object
that
is
on
the
Earth is a little over 20 feet away from
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(75)
ground
fifteen
feet
away
when
you
where
you
are
standing.
If
you
are
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
are standing up.
standing on top of Denver, then about 15
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) the view from a high-flying plane.
feet
to
one
side
you
can
see
San
Fran1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
cisco, and about 15 feet to the other side
7
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16. In the passage, the author contrasts the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
you
can
see
Chicago.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
view
from
a
window
looking
straight
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
down with the view from
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 13.
The primary purpose of this passage is to
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
the
observational
deck.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
provide
a
laypersons
account
of
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) a sideward-facing window.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Space Stations motion over the Earth.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
a
passenger
airliner.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
explain
the
relationship
between
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
a
window
looking
straight
up.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
diameter of the Earth and the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) the circular windows on the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
thickness
of
the
Earths
atmosphere.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
space station.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
answer
the
imagined
question,
What
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
do astronauts see from space?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
give
a
glimpse
of
some
of
the
daily
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
activities of astronauts in space.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
discuss
the
thickness
and
composi1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tion of the atmosphere.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
460 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
17. The faint glow at night that the author
19. The tone of the passage is best described as 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
speaks of in the passage comes from
(A) fairly technical.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
low-lying
atmosphere.
B.
highly
professional.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) the outer edges of the atmosphere.
(C) refreshingly irreverent.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
the
eastern
horizon
of
the
Earth
just
(D)
engagingly
conversational.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
before sunrise.
(E) lyrically impassioned.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
haze
from
foreign
particulates
in
the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
20. From the passage as a whole, it can be
atmosphere.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
inferred that the astronauts training
(E) the sun reflecting off aircraft in the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
high
atmosphere.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) did not prepare them for their free
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
time in space.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
18. In the last paragraph the author provides
(B) included a great deal of zero-gravity 7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the thought exercise with the readers
exercises.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
height primarily to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) was more physical than technical.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
demonstrate
the
distance
from
(D)
involved
a
strong
background
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Denver to San Francisco.
in math.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
give
the
reader
a
concrete
sense
of
(E)
focused
on
the
astronauts
communi34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the proportions involved in looking
cation procedures and abilities.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
down from the space station.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
point
out
that
most
humans
live
at
a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
low altitude relative to the height of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
atmosphere.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) illustrate the expansion of ones
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
horizon at high altitudes.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) provide visual details of his activities
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
in space.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 461
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 2
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Notes:
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2s
r
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2x
w
r
s
x
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
c
h
h
h b
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
w
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
s
2
b
3x
a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
A 5 pr
1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
2
2
2
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
sum
of
the
measures
in
degrees
of
the
angles
of
a
triangle
is
180.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. If x 1 4y 5 3 and x 5 2y, then y 5
2. It takes Michael three hours to mow 2d
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
acres. If Michael mows d acres at the same 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 21
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rate,
how
many
minutes
would
it
take?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
0
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 1
(A) 75
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
2
(B)
90
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 3
(C) 100
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 120
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 150
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
45

60

30

462

45

TEST 2
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3. If 3f 1 15 5 27, then 3f 2 6 5
7. If =x2 5 2x 1 3, then x 5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 2x
(A) 6
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
23
(B)
10
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) x
(C) 12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
21
(D)
17
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 4
(E) 20
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
8. If |x 1 1| . |y| then which of the following 7
4.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
expresses the relationship between
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x and y?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) x 1 1 . y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) x 1 1 . y
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
x
,
y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
What is the value of x 1 y?
(D) x . y
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
It
cannot
be
determined.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 7=2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
9.
75%
of
104
is
the
same
value
as
60%
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(C) 7=3
12
what number?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 14
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 130
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
It
cannot
be
determined.
(B) 133
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 136
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
5.
Steve
bought
a
snack
and
a
drink
for
(D) 140
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
$1.30.
If
the
snack
costs
twenty
cents
less
(E)
144
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
than the drink, how much does the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
drink cost?
10.
If
3y
2
x
5
12
is
the
equation
of
a
line,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
what is twice the value of this lines
(A) $0.50
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
y-intercept?
(B) $0.55
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
$0.65
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 22
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) $0.75
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
$0.80
(C) 4
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
8
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
,
when
x
5
2,
f(2x)
5
6.
If
f(x)
5
x
1
x
(E) 24
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 6
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 20
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 200
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 260
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 4096
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 463
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
11.
14. If A . B . C . D . E, and each is a digit 7
p
q
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 through 9, then ABCD 2 { (ABCD) is
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) less than zero.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) between zero and 100.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
between
100
and
500.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) between 500 and 1000.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
more
than
1000.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
m
15.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Given the figure above, which of the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
following
must
be
a
true
statement?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) x . y
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
x
,
y
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) x 5 y
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) x 1 y 5 90
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) x 2 y 5 90
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Questions
1214
refer
to
the
following
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12definition.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Let
{ m be defined for any positive integer m as
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12the
number
obtained
when
the
first
and
last
digit
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12of
If RT 5 18, what is the area of the
m switch places.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
above
circle?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
For
example
{
4
5
4,
{
35
5
53,
and
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 6p
{ 2003 5 3002.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 12p
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12212.
{ 2323 2 { 2321 5
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 36p
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
81p
(A) 2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 324p
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
20
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 200
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
2000
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 20,000
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 13.
If A is a two-digit number between 10 and
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
20 and ({ A) 5 {(A ), then A 5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 11
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
13
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 14
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
16
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 18
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
464 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
16.
18. Which of the following is the product of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
two prime numbers whose difference is
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
twenty one?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 46
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 51
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
(C) 55
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7
12
(D) 57
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7
12
7
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(E)
58
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12
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12
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12
19. What is the distance from the midpoint of 7
7
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7
12
DE to the origin, if D(0,12) and E(5,0)?
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12
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7
12
(A) 5
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7
12
According
to
the
above
table,
which
of
the
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(B)
6.5
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7
12
following
statements
is
true?
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7
12
(C) 8.2
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7
12
(D)
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7
12
(A)
September
total
sales
are
3.5%
7
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(E)
13
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7
12
greater
than
August
total
sales.
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12
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7
12
(B) September total sales are 2.5% less
2
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7
12
5
(b
2
7)(b
1
3)
2
(2b
1
2)(b
1
5),
20.
If
2b
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7
12
than August total sales.
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7
12
then b equals
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7
12
(C) September total sales are 2.5%
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7
12
15
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12
greater than August total sales.
(A)
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7
12
16
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7
12
(D) September total sales are 5.4% less
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7
12
3
than August total sales.
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7
12
(B) 1
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7
12
8
(E) September total sales are 5.4%
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7
12
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7
12
(C) 2
greater
than
August
total
sales.
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12
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7
12
10
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7
12
(D)
2
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7
12
17.
11
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7
12
1
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7
12
(E) 5
7
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3
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12
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12
21. Between 1950 and 2000, the population of 7
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7
12
7
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Cree
County
tripled
every
ten
years,
except
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12
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for the decade of the 1980s when the popu- 7
7
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lation of the country fell by one-half. If the 7
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7
12
7
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population
of
Cree
country
was
1000
people
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7
12
What
is
the
perimeter
of
the
above
figure?
7
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in 1950, what is the population now?
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7
12
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7
12
(A)
24
(A) 40,500
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7
12
(B)
25
(B)
72,900
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12
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7
12
(C) 121,500
(C) 26
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7
12
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7
12
(D) 218,700
(D)
27
7
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(E)
243,000
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7
12
(E) 28
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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12
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7 465
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STOP

Section 3
30 Questions j Time25 Minutes
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7
12Identifying
Sentence Errors
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7
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Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the
7
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correct answer.
7
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Notes:
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as
7
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7
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word
usage,
word
choice,
and
idioms.
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7
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2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more
7
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7
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than
one
error.
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3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the
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7
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letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed.
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4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E).
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7
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5.
There
will
be
no
change
in
any
parts
of
the
sentence
that
are
not
underlined.
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7
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7
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3.
The
team,
which
is
composed
of
four
1.
The
scientists
found
that
there
were
less
7
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7
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A
A
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7
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strands
of
the
mold
they
were
studying
cyclists,
compete
against
other
cycling
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7
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B
C
B
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than they needed to conduct the experiteams from around the nation and around 7
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7
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D
C
D
7
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7
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ment. No error
the world. No error
7
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7
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E
E
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7
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2. The painter gave a fantastic demonstration
4. Depending on which historian you read,
7
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A
A
B
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for
Ada
and
I
and
we
vowed
to
utilize
the
the
Pax
Romana
was
either
as
long
as
five
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
B
C
C
7
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new technique in our own work . No error
centuries or as short as three. No error
7
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7
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D
E
D
E
7
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7
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7
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466

TEST 2
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12
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12
5. Because they have extensively surveyed the
8. The census statistics was a complex source 7
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7
12
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7
12
A
A
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Lower
Ohio
Valley
,
Louis
and
Clark
of
information,
in
that
the
demographers
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12
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7
12
B
B
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7
12
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7
12
were
well
prepared
to
navigate
uncharted
knew
that
certain
groups
of
people
were
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7
12
C
C
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7
12
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7
territory along the Missouri River. No error
more likely to respond than others.
12
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12
7
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D
E
D
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7
12
No
error
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12
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7
12
6. The administrator suggested that the staff
E
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7
12
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7
12
9. Because of the large traffic jam, scarcely
first focus on contacting
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7
12
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7
12
A
A
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7
12
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prospective
participants
for
the
upcoming
no
one
from
the
group
made
it
to
the
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12
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7
12
B
B
C
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7
12
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7
12
seminar and then on follow-up with
airport in time to catch the flight to the
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7
12
C
D
D
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7
12
previous speakers. No error
conference in San Antonio. No error
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7
12
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7
12
E
E
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12
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12
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7
12
7. The Ottoman Empire initiated better trade
10. Even though he had the title of
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7
12
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7
12
A
B
A
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7
12
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7
12
relations
with
the
Austrian
Empire
when
Vice-President
of
Operations,
his
duties
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12
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7
12
B
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12
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and responsibilities were not much greater 7
its border disputes with Russia
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12
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7
12
C
C
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7
12
were resolved (D). No error
than a midlevel manager. No error
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7
12
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7
12
D
E
D
E
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 467
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
12Improving
Sentences
7
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7
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Directions:
7
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7
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
choice,
sentence
construction,
and
punctuation.
7
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2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined.
7
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3.
Any
errors
that
occur
will
be
found
in
the
underlined
portion
of
the
sentence.
If
you
7
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7
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believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake.
7
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Answer
choices
(B),
(C),
(D),
and
(E)
contain
alternative
phrasings
of
the
underlined
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portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it.
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4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion
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does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A).
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5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.
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11.
In
an
effort
to
make
the
Constitution
both
12.
Widely
considered
one
of
the
most
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more
accessible
and
understandable
to
the
original
poets
of
all
time,
Gerard
Manley
7
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public, the House of Representatives has
Hopkinss poems display utterly noncon7
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7
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authorized
the
publication
of
a
series
of
ventional
systems
of
rhyme.
7
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7
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pamphlets about the Constitution.
7
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(A) Gerard Manley Hopkinss poems
7
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7
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(A) both more accessible and underdisplay utterly nonconventional
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standable to the public
systems of rhyme.
7
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7
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(B) more both accessible and under(B) Gerard Manley Hopkinss poems
7
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standable to the public
displayed utterly nonconventional
7
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(C) more accessible to the public and
systems of rhyme.
7
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7
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more understandable for it
(C) Gerard Manley Hopkinss poems
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(D)
both
more
accessible
and
more
have
systems
of
rhyme
that
are
7
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understandable to the public
utterly nonconventional.
7
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(E)
accessible
to
the
public
and
under(D)
Gerard
Manley
Hopkins
wrote
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standable
poems using utterly nonconventional 7
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systems
of
rhyme.
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(E) Gerard Manley Hopkins had written 7
7
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poems that were displaying utterly
7
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nonconventional
systems
of
rhyme.
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7
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7
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468 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
13. Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President
14. Sputnik was the first artificial satellite
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7
12
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12
successfully propelled into orbit and began 7
Franklin D. Roosevelt, made an active
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12
the space race between the United States
contribution to many political organiza34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
tions, this included the Human Rights
and the Soviet Union, in 1957 it was
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7
12
Commission.
launched by the Soviets.
7
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7
12
(A) organizations, this included the
(A) Sputnik was the first artificial
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7
12
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7
12
Human
Rights
Commission.
satellite
successfully
propelled
into
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7
12
(B) organizations, being included the
orbit and began the space race
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7
12
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12
Human Rights Commission.
between the United States and the
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7
12
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(C)
organizations,
whose
participation
Soviet
Union,
in
1957
it
was
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12
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7
12
included the Human Rights
launched by the Soviets.
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7
12
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7
12
Commission.
(B)
In
1957,
the
first
satellite
and
space
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7
12
(D) organizations; this including the
race were beginning when Sputnik
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12
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12
Human Rights Commission.
was launched.
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7
12
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(E) organizations, including the Human
(C) Launched by the Soviets in 1957,
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7
12
Rights Commission.
Sputnik was the first artificial
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7
12
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7
12
satellite successfully propelled into
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12
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7
12
orbit, beginning the space race
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7
12
between the United States and the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
Soviet Union.
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
The
launching
of
Sputnik
was
in
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12
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7
12
1957, the first artificial satellite was 7
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12
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12
successfully propelled and the space 7
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7
12
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7
12
race between the United States and
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7
12
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7
12
the
Soviet
Union
was
begun.
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12
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(E) The first artificial satellite success34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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12
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7
12
fully propelled into orbit was when
7
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12
Sputnik
was
launched
in
1957,
and
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7
12
the space race between the United
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7
12
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States
and
the
Soviet
Union
was
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12
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begun as well.
7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 469
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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1215.
The newly hired CEO stated clearly in her
17. Domesticated over 5,000 years ago, the
7
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opening address to the company that her
camel is a useful pack animal because of
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its tolerance for hot sand, extreme
plans for reinvigorating the company were
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temperatures, and it needs little drinkto cut back on discretionary spending,
7
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ing water.
refinance the companys largest loans, and
7
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her
plans
of
keeping
the
companys
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(A) of its tolerance for hot sand, extreme 7
7
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holdings in the stock market.
7
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temperatures,
and
it
needs
little
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(A) her plans of keeping the companys
drinking water.
7
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holdings in the stock market.
(B) of its tolerance for hot sand and
7
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7
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(B)
keep
the
companys
holdings
in
the
extreme
temperatures
and
its
need
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stock market.
for water is very small.
7
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(C)
to
get
the
company
to
keep
its
(C)
it
can
tolerate
hot
sand,
extreme
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holdings in the stock market.
temperatures, and a lack of drink7
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7
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(D) her plans to keep the companys
ing water.
7
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holdings in the stock market.
(D) it can tolerate hot stand, withstand7
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(E) keeping the companys holdings in
ing extreme temperatures, and needs 7
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the stock market.
little water.
7
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(E) it can tolerate hot sand and extreme
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7
1216.
Typically, a restaurants kitchen is divided
temperatures, and needs little water.
7
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into
a
number
of
sections,
each
with
a
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particular
aspect
of
food
preparation
18.
Legally,
an
agreement
among
two
people
7
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performed there.
to commit a crime or concealing it
7
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7
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constitutes
a
criminal
conspiracy.
7
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(A)
each
with
a
particular
aspect
of
food
7
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(A) among two people to commit a crime 7
preparation performed there.
7
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or concealing it
(B) each corresponding to a particular
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(B) among two people to commit a crime 7
aspect of food preparation.
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or agreeing to conceal it
(C) where they each have their particu7
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(C) among two people committing a
lar aspect of food preparation to
7
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crime or concealing it
perform.
7
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(D) between two people to commit a
(D) which has a particular aspect of food
7
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crime
or
conceal
it
preparation
performed
there.
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7
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(E) between two people in the commit(E) they each correspond to a particular
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ting
of
a
crime
or
the
concealment
aspect
of
food
preparation.
7
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of it
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7
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7
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470 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
19. Not only was Sir Isaac Newton famous
20. If the high levels of stock market invest34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
ment are to continue it will depend upon
for his pioneering work in Physics, he was
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7
12
also a talented and well-respected ecoboth how long the stock market remains
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
nomic advisor to the king.
stable and its long-term durability.
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12
7
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(A) he was also a talented and well(A) If the high levels of stock market
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
respected economic advisor to the king.
investment are to continue it
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7
12
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7
12
(B)
he
had
also
been
a
talented
and
will
depend
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7
12
well-respected economic advisor to
(B) If the high levels of stock market
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
the king.
investment are to continue, depend- 7
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7
12
7
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(C)
but
he
was
also
a
talented
and
ing
upon
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
well-respected economic advisor to
(C) If the high levels of stock market
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
king.
investment
continue,
it
will
depend
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7
12
(D) as he also was a talented and
(D) Whether the high levels of stock
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
well-respected economic advisor to
market investment continue will
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the king.
depend
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) but he had also been a talented and
(E) Whether the high levels of stock
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
well-respected economic advisor to
market investment continue it
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the king.
will depend
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7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 471
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
12Improving
Paragraphs
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Directions:
7
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7
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7
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various
7
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7
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errors.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentences word choice,
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
word
usage,
or
overall
structure.
Other
questions
will
ask
about
the
paragraph
itself.
7
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7
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These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development.
7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and
7
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7
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paragraph writing.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
12Questions
2125 are based on the following
century after when the philosophers
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12passage.
reckon the beginning of modern times.
7
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(25)
(11) The philosophers and the historians
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7
12The
following passage is part of an essay about
7
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have a bit of a discrepancy here.
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7
12the
different meanings of the word modern.
7
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(12) Of course, you might think both 7
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7
12Line
(1) The word modern is a curious word
the philosophers and the historians are a
7
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7
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(2)
It
is
curious
for
all
its
different
bit off on this whole modernity thing.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
meanings.
(3)
If
you
take
a
freshman
(30)
(13)
Who
thinks
of
the
mud
and
cobble7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
class in philosophy, for instance, your
stone streets of Paris in the early decades 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(5)
professor
might
tell
you
about
Rene
of
the
seventeenth
century
as
modern?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Descartes. (4) Descartes was a French
(14) Then again, London a century later
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
philosopher from the seventeenth
with
the
power
of
steam
harnessed
does
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
century. (5) Many consider him as the
(35)
not
strike
most
as
the
picture
of
modern
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
first figure in modern philosophy. (6) So
times. (15) Most of us, when we think of 7
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7
1(10)
if you are talking to a philosophy
7
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what
modern
means,
we
are
thinking
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
professor
the
word
modern
denotes
7
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about computers and cell phones and
7
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anytime between about 1615 and now.
7
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wireless networks. (16) We are not
7
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(7)
(Of
course,
some
philosophers
think
7
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(40)
thinking about some philosophical
7
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that modern times ended a few decades
7
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discourse that a Frenchman wrote four
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7
12(15)
back
and
that
we
are
already
in
to
centuries back.
7
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7
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postmodern
times.)
(8)
Other
academics
7
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7
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have a different timeline for the birth of
7
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7
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modern
times,
or
modernity.
(9)
And
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
some historians point to the Industrial
7
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7
122(20)
Revolution
in
England
as
the
beginning
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of modernity. (10) This dating technique
7
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7
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puts the beginning of modernity at least a
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
472 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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12
21. Which of the following is the best
23. Which of the following would be the best 7
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
combination of sentences 1 and 2
replacement for And at the beginning of 7
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7
12
(reproduced below)?
sentence 9 (reproduced below)?
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7
12
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7
12
The word modern is a curious word. It is
And some historians point to the Indus34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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curious
for
all
its
different
meanings.
trial
Revolution
in
England
as
the
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
beginning of modernity.
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7
12
(A) The word modern is a curious word. It
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is
curious
for
all
its
different
meanings.
(A)
However,
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12
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7
12
(B) Modern is a curious word because it
(B) Moreover,
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7
12
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7
12
has
all
its
different
meanings.
(C)
Even
so,
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7
12
(C) It is curious that the word modern
(D) Considering this,
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7
12
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7
12
has various different meanings.
(E) For example,
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7
12
7
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(D) Curiously, the word modern has
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7
12
24.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
revision
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7
12
many different meanings.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of the underlined portions of sentence 10 7
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12
(E) Modernity is a curious word for all
7
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(reproduced below)?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
its various different meanings.
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12
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7
12
This dating technique puts the beginning
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7
12
22.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
way
to
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7
12
of
modernity
at
least
a
century
after
when
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
revise
sentences
4
and
5
(reproduced
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7
12
the philosophers reckon the beginning of
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7
12
below) so that they are condensed into
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
modern
times.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
one
sentence?
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12
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7
12
(A) As it is now.
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7
12
Descartes was a French philosopher from
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7
12
(B) at least a century after when the
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7
12
the seventeenth century. Many consider him
philosophers reckon it.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
as the first figure in modern philosophy.
(C) at least a century after when the
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
philosophers date modernitys
(A) Descartes was a French philosopher
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from
the
seventeenth
century,
inception.
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12
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7
12
considering him the first figure in
(D) at least one century after when the
7
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7
12
modern
philosophy.
philosophers
had
reckoned
the
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
(B) Descartes was a French philosopher
inception of modernity.
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7
12
7
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from
the
seventeenth
century,
whom
(E)
at
least
a
century
after
its
having
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
many consider the first figure in
been reckoned by the philosophers.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
modern philosophy.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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(C) Descartes was a French philosopher
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from the seventeenth century, and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
many consider him the first figure in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
modern philosophy.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Descartes was a French philosopher
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
from
the
seventeenth
century,
so
he
was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the first figure in modern philosophy.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) Descartes was a French philosopher
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from
the
seventeenth
century
and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
figuring him the first figure in
7
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7
12
modern philosophy.
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7 473
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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7
1225.
Which of the following is the best revision
larger group of people. (6) Those people
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(15)
of sentence 15 (reproduced below)?
could be potential consumers.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(7) Many of our most famous
Most of us, when we think of what
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
department store chains first expanded
modern means, we are thinking about
7
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during this time. (8) These include Sears, 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
computers
and
cell
phones
and
wireless
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Roebuck; Woolworths; the Great
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
networks.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
As
it
is
now.
A&P);
and
Walgreen
Drug.
(9)
Among
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Most of us, when we think of what
the most successful department stores
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
modern
means,
computers
and
cell
was
Filenes
in
Boston
and
Macys
in
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
phones and wireless networks
New York. (10) Initially, department
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
coming to mind.
(25)
stores were more like the malls of today.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) When we think of what modern
(11)
Each
department
was
leased
to
an
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
means, think about computers and
individual owner. (12) Nowadays,
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
cell phones and wireless networks.
virtually
all
departments
are
run
by
the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) Most of us, when we think of what
larger company, including restaurants.
7
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modern means, we are thinking
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(30)
(13) Also, with their radio cam7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
about computers, cell phones,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
paigns, the new department stores of the
7
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wireless
networks.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1920s put on extravagant advertising
7
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(E) Most of us, when we think of what
7
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spectacles. (14) Sometimes, they even
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
modern
means,
think
about
comput7
hosted entertainment events to attract
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ers and cell phones and wireless
(35)
consumers. (15) The Macys Thanksgiv7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
networks.
ing Day Parade, an attempt to capture
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
childrens
toy
market,
is
one
example
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of popular merchandising. (16) Bloom34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Questions
2630 are based on the following
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12passage.
ingdales
posted
ads
on
all
New
York
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(40)
public transit, pronouncing, All Cars
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12The
following is a first draft of an essay about
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Transfer
to
Bloomingdales.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122the
growth
of
the
department
store
industry
in
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122the
1920s.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122Line
(1) Automobiles and radios became far
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
more affordable in the 1920s. (2) By
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1925
there
was
one
automobile
for
every
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
six people in the United States, by 1930
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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7
122(5)
this had increased to one for every 4.6
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
people. (3) Also by 1930, about 4 in 10
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
American families owned radios. (4) The
7
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popularity of automobiles and radios led
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to the spread of chain stores of all kinds.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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7
122(10)
(5) Automobiles allowed consumers to
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
travel further in search of the right item
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for
the
right
price,
while
radios
allowed
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
businesses to advertise their products to a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
474 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
26. Which of the following is the best revision
28. If you were to combine sentences 10 and
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of the underlined portions of sentences 5
11 (reproduced below), which would be
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
and 6 (reproduced below)?
the most appropriate and precise punctua- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
tion mark to use?
Automobiles allowed consumers to travel
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
further
in
search
of
the
right
item
for
the
Initially,
department
stores
were
more
like
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
right price, while radios allowed busithe malls of today. Each department was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
nesses
to
advertise
their
products
to
a
leased
to
an
individual
owner.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
larger group of people. Those people
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) today each. . . owner.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
could be potential consumers.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
today;
each
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) As it is now.
(C) today: each
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) a larger group of people, who could
(D) today (each. . . owner).
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
be potential consumers.
(E) today, each
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) a larger group of people, being
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
29. Which of the following is the best revision 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
potential consumers.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the underlined portion of sentence 13
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) a larger group of people, whom they
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(reproduced below)?
made into potential consumers.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) a larger group of people, having the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Also,
with
their
radio
campaigns,
the
new
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
potential
to
become
consumers.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
department stores of the 1920s put on
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
extravagant
advertising
spectacles.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
27.
This
time
in
sentence
7
(reproduced
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) Moreover
below) is best made more specific. Which
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
Too
of
the
following
phrases
is
the
best
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
(C) Whats more to their radio campaigns 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
revision?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) In addition to their radio campaigns 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Many of our most famous department
(E) The radio campaigns being included 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
store chains first expanded during
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
this time.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
30. Which of the following sentences, if added 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
at
the
end
of
paragraph
3,
is
the
best
(A)
these
years
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
concluding sentence for the passage?
(B) the twentieth century
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
the
same
when
automobile
sales
and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(A) In the 20s, shopping and advertising 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
radio sales were also on the rise
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
started to look a lot like they do now. 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) the years described in the previous
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Other stores also had extravaganzas. 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
paragraph
(C) So now get in your car and drive to a 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) the 1920s
department store!
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Department Stores having become
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
huge
successes.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
was
always
a
big
hit.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 475
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 4
27 Questions j Time25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
choices,
labeled
(A)
through
(E).
These
choices
represent
words
or
phrases
that
have
been
left
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
sentence
as
a
whole.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Example:
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Canine massage is a veterinary technique
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for
calming
dogs
that
are
extremely
__________.
7
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7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
inept
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
disciplined
7
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7
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(C) controlled
7
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7
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(D)
stressed
7
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7
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(E) restrained
7
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7
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A
B
C O
E
7
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O

O
O

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7
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7
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7
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7
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1. Jerome is a true __________ ; he rarely
2. The property tax hike in Colson County
7
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7
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buys anything other than food, and even
was not just __________ by the county
7
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his food is plain and minimal.
residents; a series of protests were even
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
__________.
7
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(A) hermit
7
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(B)
teetotaler
(A)
disliked.
.organized
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7
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(C) gourmand
(B) espoused. .planned
7
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(D) ascetic
(C) discouraged. .theorized
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
fanatic
(D)
bolstered.
.analyzed
7
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7
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(E) detested. .negotiated
7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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7
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476

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
3. There was criticism that the councilman
7. Despite the longstanding __________
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7
12
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12
was __________ when he seized the
between the clans, both clans __________ 7
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12
ceremony __________ by the girls tragic
each other in the aftermath of the disaster. 7
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7
12
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7
12
death to speak out against his opponent.
(A) feud. .assisted
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7
12
7
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(A)
militaristic.
.
negated
(B)
grudge.
.maligned
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12
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7
12
(B) opportunistic. .afforded
(C) detente. .withstood
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
unreceptive.
.preempted
(D)
skirmish.
.
ameliorated
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7
12
(D) passive. . created
(E) alliance. . discounted
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7
12
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7
12
(E) defeatist. .overshadowed
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7
12
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8. The oral tradition of the Bambara people 7
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12
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7
12
4. The computer expert underscored that the
of West Africa is rich with humor and
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7
12
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7
12
new software would _____ the prior
__________, characteristics which are
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7
12
version; users could simply __________
evident in the merriment of their every34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the old one.
day life.
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7
12
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12
7
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(A) preclude. .destroy
(A) irony
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7
12
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7
12
(B) outdo. .implement
(B) mirth
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
infect.
.disregard
(C)
cynicism
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12
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7
12
(D) undermine. .detach
(D) history
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7
12
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7
12
(E) supercede. .discard
(E) mystery
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
5. Romania has a long and __________
9. Although Astropithicus has more subspe- 7
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7
12
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12
tradition of activist-poets, who through
cies than Pthicalitius, the latter populates 7
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12
poetry have __________ the dignity and
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7
the Earth with __________ numbers and
12
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7
12
equality of humanity.
in more __________ geographic regions.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
(A) reputable. .initiated
(A) greater. .diverse
7
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7
12
(B) storied. .articulated
(B) lesser. .secluded
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7
12
7
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(C)
tenuous.
.supported
(C)
milder.
.remote
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12
7
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(D) tactile. .decried
(D) scanter. .familiar
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7
12
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7
12
(E) exemplary. .countered
(E) larger. .ominous
7
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12
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7
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6. Dr. Patel expected the surgery to be
10. It is generally __________ by medical
7
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7
12
__________ and laborious, but it turned
practitioners that the last few weeks of a
7
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out to be speedy and __________.
pregnancy are crucial in the __________ of 7
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12
7
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the fetus.
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7
12
(A) fragile. .simple
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7
12
7
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(B)
compelling.
.forthcoming
(A)
acknowledged.
.progression
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12
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7
12
(C) intricate. .straightforward
(B) hedged. .health
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
endorsed.
.birthing
(D)
complicated.
.locatable
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12
7
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(D) accepted. .development
(E) hard. .mechanical
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7
12
7
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(E) negated. .vitality
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7
12
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12
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12
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7 477
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
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11. Though the organization espoused
15. Technology, instead of alleviating the
7
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7
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outward-focused ideals, in practice, it was
demands upon our time, has made the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
quite __________.
pace of modern-day life increase to a near 7
7
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7
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__________ pace.
(A) gregarious
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
vigilant
(A)
elicit
7
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7
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(C) insular
(B) frenetic
7
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7
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(D)
hermetic
(C)
lethargic
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7
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(E) idiosyncratic
(D) dilatory
7
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7
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(E) cavalier
7
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7
1 12.
The prosecuting attorney described the
7
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7
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defendants character as __________ and
Questions 1627 are based on the following
7
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7
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base, but the defense attorney rejoined
passage.
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that the prosecution was __________ the
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The following passage tells the story of Juan 7
testimonials about the defendant.
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Bautista Rael, an Hispanic-American scholar. It 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) dark. .misunderstanding
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is adapted from a biography written by Enrique 7
7
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(B) nefarious. .misconstruing
R. Lamadrid.
7
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7
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(C)
lackluster.
.misinterpreting
7
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Line
Linguist
and
folklorist
Juan
Bautista
Rael
7
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(D)
blustery.
.misapplying
7
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was a highly regarded academic pioneer.
7
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(E) motley. .misrepresenting
7
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His
major
contribution
to
linguistics
was
7
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7
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collecting
and
documenting
the
Hispano
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7
1213.
Many believe that the new drug regime
7
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(5)
folk stories, plays, and religious tradi7
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will be a __________ for helping cure
7
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tions
of
northern
New
Mexico
and
diverse ailments related to spinal dysfunc7
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7
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southern Colorado.
tions.
7
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7
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Rael
was
born
on
August
14,
1900,
7
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(A)
bane
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
in
Arroyo
Hondo,
New
Mexico.
Famous
7
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(B) panacea
7
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(10)
for its spectacular setting north of Taos,
7
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(C)
module
7
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the village lies in a deep, narrow valley
7
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(D)
fledgling
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
between Taos mountain and the gorge of 7
7
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(E) pariah
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the Rio Grande to the west. His family
7
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prospered in sheep and cattle ranching
7
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7
1214.
The executive charged that the whistle(15)
and owned a mercantile business that
7
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7
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blowers actions were so self-centered that
served surrounding Hispano communities 7
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they were not just __________ but even
7
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as well as nearby Taos Pueblo.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
__________.
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Juans parents, Jos Ignacio Rael and 7
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Soledad
Santistevan,
raised
a
family
of
(A)
self-involved.
.altruistic
7
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7
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(20)
four sons and a daughter. Jos Ignacio
(B) ill-tempered. .narcissistic
7
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7
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had
the
foresight
to
recognize
the
(C)
egocentric.
.solipsistic
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
changes
that
were
coming
with
the
(D)
unduly.
.respectable
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
increasing Americanization of New
(E) erratic. .destructive
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mexico
and
realized
that
a
fluent
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
knowledge of English and a good
7
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7
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education
would
be
necessary
for
his
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478 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
family to excel. Since local schools were
(70)
relinquished his family inheritance in
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7
12
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7
12
rudimentary at best, the family relied
land, cattle, and sheep to his three
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7
12
upon its own resources to get the best
brothers and his sister.
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7
12
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7
12
(30)
possible education for the children. Juan
Rael realized that the wealth in
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7
12
was a dedicated student from his earliest
northern New Mexico that interested
7
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7
12
years,
and
his
fathers
ambition
was
for
(75)
him
was
the
vast
repertory
of
folk
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12
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7
12
him to become a lawyer and tend to the
narrative, song, and custom that had
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7
12
7
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family
lands
and
business.
Juans
scarcely
been
documented.
While
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12
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12
(35)
elementary schooling was at Saint
teaching at the University of Oregon, he 7
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7
12
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7
12
Michaels
College
in
Santa
Fe,
and
his
returned
to
Arroyo
Hondo
in
the
summer
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7
12
(80)
high school studies were at the Christian
of 1930 to begin compiling his famous
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7
12
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7
12
Brothers College in St. Louis, Missouri.
collection of over five hundred Nuevo
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
boys
semester-long
absences
from
Mexicano
folk
tales.
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12
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7
12
(40)
his family led him to treasure the simple
By then his work had attracted the
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7
12
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7
12
pleasures
of
village
life.
Summers
are
attention
of
pioneer
Hispano
folklorist
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
(85)
especially beautiful in Arroyo Hondo,
Aurelio Espinosa who invited Rael to
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7
12
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7
12
and Christmas and Easter vacations were
Stanford in 1933. Rael completed his
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7
12
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7
12
filled with colorful festivities and solemn
doctoral studies in 1937 there with a
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12
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7
12
(45)
ceremony. Rael later reminisced about
dissertation on the phonology and
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
how much the Pastores, or Shepherds
morphology of New Mexico Spanish that 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(90)
plays, impressed him as a child. Un12
amplified the work of Espinosa with the 7
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7
12
doubtedly, the instincts and sympathies
huge corpus of folk tales, later published 7
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12
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7
12
of Rael the folklorist can be traced to
as, Cuentos Espaoles de Colorado y
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(50)
these
beginningswatching
rehearsals
Nuevo
Mexico:
Spanish
Folk
Tales
of
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12
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7
12
and performances depicting shepherds,
Colorado and New Mexico.
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7
12
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7
12
(95)
hermits,
and
the
rich
ensemble
of
Well
versed
in
the
historic-geographic
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7
12
pastoral characters.
theory of transmission and diffusion of
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
What
became
clear
in
his
postmotifs,
tale
types,
and
genres,
Dr.
Rael
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(55)
secondary studies is that he was much
set out on the formidable, almost
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
more attracted to literature, philology,
quixotic task of gathering all the possible 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(100)
and
the
emerging
disciplines
of
linguistics
versions
and
texts
of
the
tales,
hymns,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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and folklore. His Bachelors degree, from
and plays he was studying. The vast
7
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7
12
St.
Marys
College
in
Oakland
in
1923,
majority
of
tales
are
of
European
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(60)
led to a Masters degree from the
provenance, with only minimal local
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
University of California at Berkeley in
references. He meticulously traced the
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(105) shepherds plays to several root sources
1927. In the meantime, in 1923, he
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
married Quirina Espinoza of Antonito,
in Mexico, and his study, The Sources
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7
12
Colorado. Raels first inclination was to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
and Diffusion of the Mexican Shepherds 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(65)
become an English teacher, but his bride
Plays, is a standard reference on the
7
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7
12
helped convince him that his opportunisubject. His ground-breaking study of the 7
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7
12
(110) alabado hymn, The New Mexican
ties and strengths would be as an
7
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7
12
Hispanist.
After
deciding
on
a
university
Alabado,
is
also
a
prime
resource.
But
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
career of teaching and research, Rael
inevitably the historic-geographic
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7
12
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7 479
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
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approach led more to collection building
19. The author probably uses the word
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
than to analysis. Later generations of
relinquished in line 70 to emphasize
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122(115)
scholars would develop interests in
that
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
performance-centered studies, but the
(A) Rael had had friction with his
7
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collections of Rael continue to be an
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
siblings.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
indispensable
landmark
in
the
field.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Raels family was very wealthy.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
Rael
had
tried
to
be
a
rancher
for
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12216.
The authors attitude towards Dr. Raels
some time.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
work can best be described as
(D) Rael was relieved to be free of his
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
family
duties.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) laudatory.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) Raels career path was difficult and
(B) engaged.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
not
lucrative.
(C) ambivalent.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
disinterested.
7
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20. It can be inferred from the passage that
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) condescending.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
northern New Mexico in the early decades 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the twentieth century
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1217.
The passage primarily
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
had
a
ranch-driven
economy.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) analyzes the academic contributions
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
was
suffering
severe
economic
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of Dr. Rael.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
depression.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) contrasts Dr. Raels work with the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
was
economically
booming
because
7
work of Dr. Espinosa.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of a newly opened southern railroad
(C) tells the story of Dr. Raels life and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
route
to
California.
work.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
had
a
strong
public
education
system.
(D)
discusses
the
basic
assumptions
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) was not a primarily English-speaking 7
Hispano scholarship.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
region.
(E)
relates
the
story
of
the
Rael
family.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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21.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Dr.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 18.
The
passage
implies
that
Rael
decided
that
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Espinosas
relationship
to
Dr.
Rael?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
he
would
have
more
opportunity
as
a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Hispanist than as an English teacher
(A) Boss
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
because
(B)
Critic
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) Mentor
(A) Hispanics werent often hired to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
Pastor
teach English.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
Father
(B)
Hispanic
folklore
would
soon
vanish.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) he would have to live far from his
7
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22. The word corpus in line 91 most closely 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
family
to
teach
English.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
means
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) his English skills were mediocre.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
becoming
an
Hispanist
was
a
nearer
(A)
religious
text.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
match
to
his
educational
back(B)
oeuvre.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ground.
(C) published collection.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
dissertation.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) dialect.
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
480 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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12
23. According to the passage, which of the
26. The main criticism the author offers of Dr. 7
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
following of Dr. Raels activities as a
Raels work is that it
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
young man was most important for the
(A) focuses too much on the Pastores.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
development of his later academic
(B) privileges Spanish-language stories
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
interests?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
over
English-language
stories.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) Working on his familys ranch
(C) focuses too much on European
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
Watching
Pastores
as
a
young
man
stories
and
not
enough
on
Mexican
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) Studying in a religious school
stories.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Reading books on the shepherds of
(D) doesnt offer enough analysis of the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
northern
New
Mexico
folklore.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(E) Struggling to retain his Spanish when
(E) includes too many materials, without 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
his
schooling
was
in
English
differentiating
between
good
and
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
bad.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
24. The phrase diffusion of motifs in lines
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
9697 refers to
27. The passage suggests, in lines 97101 that 7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Dr. Rael
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) variations in the same stories that
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
occur
over
time
or
by
region.
(A)
was
mistaken
about
how
much
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) adherence to standard literary
folklore was circulating.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
structures.
(B) traveled extensively as he gathered
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
variations
in
language
use
by
region.
folklore.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) the surprising similarity of stories in
(C) was disorganized but intelligent in
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
different
cultures.
his
methods.
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12
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7
12
(E) the loss of folklore in more industri(D) had an historic insight about the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
alized societies.
source of New Mexican folklore.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) developed an excessively technical
7
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25.
The
word
provenance,
line
103,
could
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7
12
model for the development of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
best be replaced with which of the
7
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folklore.
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7
12
following
words?
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12
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7
12
(A) Authority
7
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7
12
(B)
Origin
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7
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(C) Location
7
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7
12
(D)
Destiny
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7
12
(E) Ethos
7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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12
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7 481
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 5
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

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7
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7
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7
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Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
7
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7
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7
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Notes:
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
7
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7
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2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
7
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7
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the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
7
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7
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accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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2s
r
7
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2x
w
r
s
x
7
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c
h
h
h b
7
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7
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w
7
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s
2
b
3x
a
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A 5 pr
1
7
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2
2
2
2
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles
7
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2
7
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7
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The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
7
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The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
7
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7
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The
sum
of
the
measures
in
degrees
of
the
angles
of
a
triangle
is
180.
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7
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7
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2x
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1.
At
full
capacity,
Thompson
Paper
Factory
2.
and Z 5 3, then x 5
If Z 5
7
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5
7
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produces 200 sheets of paper per second.
7
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5
7
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If
the
factory
is
operating
at
a
quarter
of
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(A)
3
7
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its
full
capacity,
how
many
sheets
of
paper
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7
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(B) 2
will the factory produce in twelve sec7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
onds?
7
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(C) 5
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(A) 600
19
7
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(D)
7
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(B) 900
3
7
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7
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(C) 1200
7
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15
7
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(D) 2000
(E)
7
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2
7
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(E) 2400
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7
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7
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45

60

30

482

45

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
Questions 56 refer to the following table.
3. Which of the following is the greatest
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7
12
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7
12
common factor of 32 and 42?
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5.
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7
12
(A)
2
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12
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7
12
(B) 3
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7
12
7
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(C)
6
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12
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7
12
(D) 8
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7
12
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7
12
(E)
12
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12
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12
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7
12
4.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
According to the table, how many
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7
12
rd
th
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7
12
and
4
grade
at
students
are
there
in
3
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7
12
Hyde Park Elementary?
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7
12
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12
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7
12
(A) 30
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7
12
(B) 32
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12
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7
12
(C) 50
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7
12
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7
12
(D) 60
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7
12
(E) 62
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7
12
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12
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7
12
th
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7
12
grade,
how
6.
If
there
are
18
girls
in
4
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7
12
rd
th
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7
12
many boys are there in 3 and 4 grade
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
at
Hyde
Park
Elementary?
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12
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12
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7
12
(A) 18
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7
12
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7
12
(B) 22
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7
12
What is the slope of the above line?
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(C) 26
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7
12
3
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7
12
(D) 30
A. 2
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2
(E) 32
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7
12
7
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2
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7
12
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7
12
B. 2
3
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12
7
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2
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C.
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3
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7
12
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D.
1
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12
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7
12
3
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7
12
E.
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2
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 483
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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3x2
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, for what values
7. Which of the following is the value of the
10. If f~x! 5 2
7
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x 1 3x 2 18
3 22
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of
x
is
the
function
undefined?
4
~
m!
7
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is
exponent when the expression
7
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5
7
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(A) 0
m4
7
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7
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simplified?
(B)
23,6
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 23,3
11
7
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(A) 2
7
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(D) 2,5
4
7
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7
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(E) 3,26
7
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29
7
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(B) 2
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16
11.
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3
7
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2
(C)
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4
7
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7
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11
7
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7
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(D)
7
4
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7
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7
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29
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
7
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6
7
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7
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7
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8.
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7
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7
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If f(x) is graphed above, then f(x) 5
7
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(A) x2 1 2
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2
(B) x 2 2
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In the right triangle above, what is the
7
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2
1
2
(C)
2x
7
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value of x?
7
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(D) 2(x2 1 2)
7
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(A) 15
7
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2
(E)
2(x
12)
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(B)
16
7
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7
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(C) 18
7
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12.
7
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(D)
24
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7
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(E) 30
7
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7
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7
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9. Taking the highway from Easton to
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7
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Bethsaida is 7 miles longer than taking
7
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7
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surface streets from Easton to Bethsaida.
If the above triangles are congruent, what
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
It is 31 miles total if you travel from
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is the value of y?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Easton to Bethsaida via highway and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
5
return via surface streets. How many miles
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
then, is the highway route?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) =50
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
8
(A)
12
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 13
(D) =75
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
15
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 9
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
17
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 19
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
484 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
13. (y 1 2)2 5 (y 2 4)2 is true when y equals
(B)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 1 only
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
1
and
21
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 2 and 22
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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(D)
1
and
2
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12
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7
12
(E) 2 and 4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
14. Z is the set of numbers 1 through 50
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
inclusive. How many members of Z are
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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evenly divisible by 2 and 3?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
(C)
(A) 6
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 8
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
14
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 16
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7
12
7
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(E)
25
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
15.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
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7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Which of the following figures is similar
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to the shape shown above?
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 485
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1216.
18.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ABC
is
an
equilateral
triangle
and
DEFG
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is a square. If AB 5 DE, how many
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
different ways can ABC be placed in
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
DEFG
such
that
two
vertices
of
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
What is the area of the above figure?
triangle coincide with two corners of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
square?
(A) 1
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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(A) 4
(B) =2
7
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(B)
6
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 8
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 1=2
7
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(D) 10
7
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7
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(E)
4
(E) 12
7
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7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1217.
The sum of eight positive even integers is
7
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19. G, S, and T are three points that lie on a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
50. If no integer can appear more than
7
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plane.
If
the
distance
between
G
and
S
is
7
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twice
in
the
set,
what
is
the
greatest
7
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9, and the distance between S and T is 5,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
possible value of one of the integers.
7
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which of the following are possible
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
distances between G and T?
(A)
8
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 18
I. 3
7
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7
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(C)
22
II. 5
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 24
III. 14
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
32
7
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(A)
I
only
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) II only
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
I
and
II
only
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
II
and
III
only
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) I, II, and III
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
486 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
21.
20.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
If AB 5 BC 5 AC 5 6, and D is the
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
BD
5
halfway
between
A
and
C,
then
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 2=3
7
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12
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7
12
(B) 3
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7
12
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7
12
3
3
(C)
=
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The figure above is the diagram of an
(D) 4=2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
industrial
fan
blade.
If
the
fans
maximum
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3
4
(E)
=
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
blade
speed
is
100
revolutions
per
10
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
seconds, what is the greatest distance (in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
feet)
that
any
point
on
the
blade
could
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
travel in 30 seconds?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 100=2p
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 200=3p
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
2p
600
(C)
=
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 600=3p
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 1200=2p
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
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7 487
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 6
16 Questions j Time20 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions. Read each passage, then
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
answer
the
accompanying
questions,
basing
your
answers
on
what
is
stated
or
implied
in
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
passage and any introductory material provided. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Line
Frederic
Remington
(18611909)
has
Line The question of what counts as literature
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
long been celebrated as one of the most
has been strongly debated over the last
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
gifted interpreters of the American West.
few decades both in and out of academia. 7
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Initially, his western images appeared as
Some argue that only the test of time
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(5)
(5)
illustrations in popular journals. As he
ultimately vindicates a fictional works
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
matured, however, Remington turned his
claim to the status of literature. Their
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
attention away from illustration,
argument runs like this: if people still
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
concentrating instead on painting and
read, still reference, still care about a
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sculpture. About 1900 he began a series
work of fiction decades or even centuries 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(10)
(10)
of paintings that took as their subject the
after its original publication, then that
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
color of night. Before his premature
work clearly rises to the auspicious status 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
death
in
1909
at
age
48,
Remington
of
literature.
Critics
of
this
view,
though,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
completed more than seventy paintings in
point out that this method of determining 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
which
he
explored
the
technical
and
what
is
and
is
not
literature
by
definition
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(15)
(15)
aesthetic difficulties of painting darkness.
excludes contemporary works from
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
consideration.
We
do
not
know,
they
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rightfully contend, if a novel published in 7
1. The passage suggests Remingtons major
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the last few years will be read in a
artistic accomplishments were
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
hundred
years
or
not.
And
so
they
ask,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
magazine
illustrations.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
does this mean we cannot meaningfully
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) sculptures.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
discuss whether the work is important, or 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) paintings of nocturnal cityscapes.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
influential, or of great merit?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) paintings of nocturnal landscapes.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
color
studies.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
488

TEST 2
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
2. The author uses the word vindicates to
these were considerations that led the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
emphasize that
National Aeronautics and Space Admin- 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
istration to Mars. Project Vikings goal,
(A) all works of fiction claim to be
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(20)
after making a soft landing on Mars, was 7
literature.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to execute a set of scientific investigations 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
all
works
of
fiction
are,
in
some
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
that would not only provide data on the 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
sense, literature.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
physical nature of the planet but also
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
literature
is
a
much
more
prestigious
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
make
a
first
attempt
at
determining
if
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
category
than
fiction.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(25)
detectable life forms were present.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) the debate regarding what is litera34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ture
is
excessively
erudite.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
4. Which of the following does the para(E) for a work to establish itself as
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
graph
most
emphasize
as
the
motivation
literature
is
an
incredible
feat.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
for the Viking trip to Mars?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3. The argument, given in the passage,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) Fascination with chemistry on
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
against the test of time approach is that
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
another
planet.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(A) it excludes by definition all writing
(B) Four-century-old interest in the planet. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
that
is
not
fictional.
(C)
The
advancement
of
space
explora34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) it does not take trends in critical
tion.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
interest into account.
(D) Possibility of a space station on Mars. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
it
excludes
contemporary
fiction
(E)
Possibility
of
life
on
Mars.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
from the discussion.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
it
allows
contemporary
works
to
be
Questions 516 are based on the following two 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
considered alongside the great works
passages.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of centuries past.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
The following two passages discuss the English 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) it gives too much weight to popular
and Metric systems of measurement.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
opinion.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Passage
1
Line Since the sixteenth century, astronomers
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
have
recognized
Mars
for
what
it
isa
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Line It is an oft-repeated tale that the English
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
relatively nearby planet not so unlike our
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
measurement
of
the
yard
was
standard34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
own.
The
fourth
planet
from
the
sun
and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ized when an English royal stepped into
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(5)
Earths closest neighbor, Mars has been
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
disputes about the measurements length 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the subject of modern scientists careful
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(5)
and declared the distance from his
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
scrutiny
with
powerful
telescopes,
deep
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
shoulder to the tip of his fingers as the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
space probes, and orbiting spacecraft. In
standard yard. Unlike many colorful
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1976,
Earth-bound
scientists
were
anecdotes from history, this one is true.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(10)
brought significantly closer to their
Early in the twelfth century, the English
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
subject
of
investigation
when
two
Viking
(10)
king Henry I established the length of the 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
probes touched down on that red soil.
yard as the distance from the tip of his
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The possibility of life on Mars, clues to
nose to the tip of his outstretched thumb. 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the evolution of the solar system,
In
our
scientific
age
such
stories
seem
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(15)
fascination with the chemistry, geology,
earthy at best and ridiculous at worst.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and meteorology of another planet
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 489
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(15)
But not all ancient units of measure have
manageable size, it was defined as one
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
such arbitrary origins. The mile is a good
one-forty-millionth of the Earths
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
example of this. Though the mile is today
circumference. They employed the word
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
counted as part of the English system of
meter to harken back to the ancient
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(60)
measurement, the unit dates back to
Greek word metron, meaning measure.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(20)
ancient
Rome.
The
English
word
mile
The
rest
of
the
metric
system
is
even
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
derives from the Latin term mille, which
less arbitrary in origin. The other metric
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
means
one
thousand.
For
the
Romans,
units
of
length
were
generated
by
either
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the mille was one thousand paces. A pace
multiplying or dividing the meter by a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(65)
was
two
steps,
or
five
feet
roughly.
This
factor
of
ten.
Thus
a
kilometer
is
1000
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(25)
meant the mille was 5,000 feet. In
meters, and a centimeter is one one7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
medieval Europe, however, the 220-yard
hundredths of a meter. It is the great asset 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
furlong
became
the
dominant
measureof
the
metric
system,
at
least
for
scien7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ment used. To reconcile the two measuretists, that units for measuring weight and 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(70)
ments,
the
mile
was
lengthened
to
be
energy
are
also
derived
from
the
basic
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(30)
eight furlongs. This made the mile 5,280
unit of the meter. For instance, weight is
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
feet. A sixteenth-century act of Parliameasured in grams, which are determined 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ment fixed this measurement for the mile.
by the weight of one cubic centimeter
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
It is true that the English system of
of water.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(75)
measurement, the system that includes
France made use of the metric system 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
the mile, the yard, the foot, and the inch,
12(35)
compulsory in 1840. Other countries
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
has a certain quirkiness to it because it
rapidly followed suit. The adoption of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
has evolved through human history. This
the metric system, also known as the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
quirkiness
might
irritate
scientists,
but
it
international
system,
or
S.I.,
coincided
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(80)
is part and parcel of the tradition that
with great advances in science. By 1900,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(40)
has
been
bequeathed,
in
its
accumulated
over
35
countries
had
officially
adopted
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
form, to the English-speaking world.
its use. In the United States, the system
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
has
been
dubbed
voluntary
and
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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7
1Passage
2
preferred,
but
has
never
been
made
7
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7
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(85)
compulsory.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The metric system was conceived by
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
measure
of
the
meter
has
been
twelve French scientists during the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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refined three times since its conception in 7
French Revolution. Like many innova7
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7
122(45)
1791.
The
latest
was
in
1983
when
the
tions during the French Revolution, the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
speed
of
light
was
employed
to
give
the
metric
system
was
formulated
as
a
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(90)
greatest precision for the measurement to 7
scientific system that would replace
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
date. The distance that light travels in a
traditional
ways
of
ordering
society.
The
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second is
revolutionaries did not see it as a
7
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7
12(50)
the
internationally
accepted
definition
of
coincidence
that
length
was
meted
in
7
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a meter.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
measures
based
on
the
size
of
a
medieval
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
king. Instead of these arbitrary standards,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
metric
systems
basic
unit
of
measure,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the meter, was based upon the circumfer7
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7
122(55)
ence
of
the
Earth.
For
the
meter
to
be
a
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490 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
5. What is the author of Passage 1s attitude
8. By reconcile the two measurements,
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
towards the English system of measure(line 2832) the author means
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7
12
ment?
(A) determine which one was accurate.
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7
12
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7
12
(A) Emphatic praise
(B) develop a new system of measure34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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(B)
Qualified
acceptance
ment
without
the
inaccuracies
of
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12
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7
12
(C) Neutrality
the old.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
Strong
criticism
(C)
settle
the
publics
disagreement
over
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) Antipathy
which was better.
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7
12
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7
12
(D) find a metric equivalent.
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7
12
7
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6. In Passage 1, the story of Henry I is
(E)
cease
using
two
different
systems.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
offered primarily to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
9. The author refers to the English systems
(A) demonstrate that the readers
7
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12
accumulated form line 4041 primarily 7
preconceptions
about
the
English
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to emphasize that the system
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
system are wrong.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
illustrate
the
role
of
the
English
(A)
ceased
to
change
once
officially
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
monarchy in the development of the
adopted.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
English
system.
(B)
derives
from
a
variety
of
sources.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) reveal how far back in time the
(C) stretches back further than reliable
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
English system goes.
written history.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
provide
a
concrete
example
of
how
(D)
continues
to
evolve.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the arbitrariness of the English
(E) was adopted wholesale.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
system
developed.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
10. The authors of the two passages would be 7
12
(E) suggest the practicality of the English
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
most likely to agree that the metric system 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
system.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
has
a
shorter
but
equally
interesting
7
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7.
The
word
earthy
in
line
14
most
closely
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
history as the English system.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
means
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
has
a
history
that
reaches
back
as
far
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) unrefined.
as the English systems.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(B) musky.
(C) has a longer history than the history 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
impractical.
of
the
English
system.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) old-fashioned.
(D) should not be thought of historically. 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
baffling.
(E)
has
a
history
that
is
equally
long
but
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
less colorful than the English
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
systems.
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 491
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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11. According to Passage 2, the invention of
14. In Passage 2, the reason for the 1983 defini- 7
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the metric system was
tion of the meter is probably that scientists 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) one of the greatest accomplishments
(A) have determined that the new meter
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the French Revolution.
is a more manageable length.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
in
contradiction
to
many
of
the
other
(B)
have
more
sophisticated
data
on
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
goals of the French Revolution.
circumference of the earth.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
a
side-effect
of
the
French
Revolu(C)
needed
a
way
to
bring
the
meters
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tions new calendar system.
length closer to the yards.
7
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7
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(D) one of many anti-traditionalist
(D) have developed more accurate ways
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
undertakings
of
the
French
Revoluto
calculate
the
original
fraction.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tion.
(E) wanted to disassociate the meter
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
left
incomplete
at
the
end
of
the
with
the
French
Revolution.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
French Revolution.
7
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15. In at least one of the passages all of the
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1212.
In the sentence beginning In the United
following are mentioned EXCEPT
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
States.
.
.
(line
82)
the
writer
suggests
7
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(A) the kings who ruled during the
7
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that the United States
7
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standardization
of
measurements.
7
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7
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(A)
has
never
seriously
attempted
to
(B)
the
contemporary
standing
of
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
implement the metric system.
measuring system discussed.
7
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7
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(B)
is
likely
to
adopt
the
metric
system
(C)
terms
from
ancient
languages.
7
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7
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fairly soon.
(D) the refinement of measurement
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
has
created
official
policies
regarding
standards
in
recent
years.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
use
of
the
metric
system.
(E)
the
cultural
heritage
of
each
measur7
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7
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(D) has attempted to require use of the
ing system.
7
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7
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metric system, but has been unable
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
16.
The
author
of
Passage
2
conveys
an
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to enforce its policies.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
implicit belief that the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) reflects a clear bias for the superior7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ity of the English system.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
metric
system
facilitates
scientific
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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endeavors.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 13.
The
word
refined
in
line
87
most
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
United
States
has
damaged
its
reputa7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
closely
means
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tion in the international community by 7
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
processed.
refusing
to
adopt
the
metric
system.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) renegotiated.
(C) metric system is best confined to
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) made smaller.
scientific use.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) challenged.
(D) French Revolution was a high point
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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(E) modified.
in the history of science.
7
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(E) metric system is a more fitting system 7
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7
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for a democratic society.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
492 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 7
13 Questions j Time20 Minutes
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12
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12
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7
12
Notes:
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1. All numbers used are real numbers.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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12
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7
12
2. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
3. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted.
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7
12
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12
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7
12
4. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
answering
the
question.
The
figures
are
drawn
closely
to
scale
unless
otherwise
noted.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
Directions for Student Produced Responses
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Enter
your
responses
to
questions
113
in
the
Answer: 1.4
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
special
grids
provided
on
your
answer
sheet.
Either
position
is
correct.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Input your answers as indicated in the directions
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7
12
1 . 4
1 . 4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
below.
7
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O
O
O
O
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7
12
O O O
O O O
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7
4
12
Decimal
7
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Answer: or 4/9
O O O
point
O O O
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7
12
9
7
O O O
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O O O
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7
12
O O O O
O O O O
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7
12
Write answer
4 / 9
O O O O
O O O O
7
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in
boxes.
O O O
O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O
Fraction line
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
Note: You may begin your answer in any col- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
umn, space permitting. Leave blank any columns 7
O
O
O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O

7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
not needed.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O
Grid in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O

Writing your answer in the boxes at the top 7

result.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of the columns will help you accurately grid 7
O O O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
O O O O
your answer, but it is not required. You will 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O

34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
only
receive
credit
for
an
answer
if
the
ovals
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
are filled in properly.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Only fill in one oval in each column.
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7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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/

493

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
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If a problem has several correct answers,
Decimal Accuracy
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
just grid in one of them.
Decimal answers must be gridded as accu- 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
There are no negative answers.
rately as possible. The answer 0.3333 . . . 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
must be gridded as .333.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

Never
grid
in
mixed
numbers.
The
answer
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
Less accurate values, such as .33 are not 7
7
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3 must be gridded as 16/5 or 3.2. If
7
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acceptable.
5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
is
gridded,
it
will
be
read
3 1 / 5
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
7
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1
31
Acceptable ways to grid 5 .3333 . . .
O
7
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as , not 3 .
3
O O O O
7
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5
5
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
.
3
3
3
1
/
3
7
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O O O
7
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O O
O O O O
O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

O O O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
O
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
O O O O
O O O
7
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O O O O
O O O O
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O O O
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
O O O O
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O O
O O O O
7
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O O O O
O O O O
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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x
1
x
5
y
and
2y
5
12,
then
If
2
1.
5.
If
the
area
of
a
circle
is
16p,
what
is
the
=
=
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
what does x equal?
diameter of the circle?
7
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7
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7
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2.
What
is
the
product
of
the
first
five
even
6.
Lisa
has
three
pizza
toppings
from
which
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
integers?
to choose: pepperoni, anchovies, and red
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
peppers.
If
she
can
choose
as
many
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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3. Rider High has 400 students. A student
toppings as three and as few toppings as
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
will
be
picked
at
random
from
the
student
zero,
how
many
different
pizza
orders
are
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
body.
If
the
probability
that
a
senior
possible?
(Lisa
cannot
order
the
same
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
would be picked is three-eighths, how
topping twice.)
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
many seniors are there?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7. The average (arithmetic mean) of five
7
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4.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
numbers is 16. If one number is taken
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from the set, the new average is 14. What
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
number was taken from the set?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
If the area of the striped side of the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
rectangular solid is 24, what is the volume
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the box?
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
494 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
/

www.petersons.com

TEST 2
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12
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7
12
8.
12.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
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If the figure above is composed of a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
square and a triangle, what is the area of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
square?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
9. What is the slope a line that is defined by
What is the sum of the y-intercepts in the 7
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the following two points, (21, 22) and
above
graph?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(3,1)?
12
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12
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7
12
13. The sum of four positive distinct prime
7
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10.
Tom
is
twelve
years
older
than
Susan,
and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
numbers is 21. What is the greatest
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Susan is three times the age of Gina, and
possible value of one of those prime
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Gina
is
five
years
younger
than
Bo.
If
Bo
is
numbers?
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
15,
how
old
is
Tom?
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
11. For all positive integers, let m* equal the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
greatest prime divisor of m. What does
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15*)(12*) equal?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7 495
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 8
Time25 Minutes
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7
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7
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7
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Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assignment that follows it.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Consider
the following statement.
7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Innovation
is
primarily
accomplished
by
an
individual,
though
groups
often
do
work
out
the
7
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7
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details of an individuals innovations.
7
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7
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7
12Assignment:
Write
an
essay
in
which
you
argue
for
or
against
the
preceding
statement.
Develop
your
7
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12point
of view on this statement and be sure to support your stance with sufficient details.
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496

TEST 2
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7 497
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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When you are finished with your essay put your pencil down until the
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time allotted is over.
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Answers
and Explanations
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Section 1
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1. B The passage says that H.R. means House of Representatives and that
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the
number
is
given
according
to,
the
order
it
was
submitted
in
a
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particular
session.
(lines
1213)
So
the
1
means
that
it
was
submitted
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first in a particular session. Choice (B) is the correct answer.
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2. C This is a tricky question. The major clue is that only three entities are
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mentioned in the passage: the House of Representatives, the Senate, and
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the President. You should suspect then that the answer will be the
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Senate and the President since those are the only other two entities
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mentioned in the passage. You can get confirmation for this hunch in
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the sentence that says Bills are presented to the President for action
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when approved in identical form by both the House of Representatives
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and the Senate. Bills must pass both houses, so if the bills originate in
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the
house,
they
have
to
go
to
the
Senate
before
reaching
the
President.
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The answer is (C).
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3.
A
The
paragraph
is
about
how
Native
Americans
have
long
recognized
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and celebrated the connectedness among all natural things. The
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medicine
wheel
illustrates
this
point
because
it
emphasizes
the
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connectedness of the four basic elements. So (A) is the best choice.
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4. E Remember the Native American view stated in the passage is that all
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natural
things
are
connected;
so
we
should
expect
that
the
scenario
will
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demonstrate this belief. (A) is specifically opposed to that. (C) is also, to
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a
lesser
degree.
(B)
is
neutral
toward
the
Native
American
ideait
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neither contradicts it nor realizes it. (D) and (E) are in accord with the
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Native
American
view
because
they
recognize
the
connectedness
of
an
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organism and its habitat. However, (D) mention studying a specific
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499

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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organism in its habitat, while (E) mentions studying a habitat as a
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whole.
So,
(E)
is
broader
and,
in
this
case,
broader
is
better.
The
best
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answer is (E).
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5.
C
Does
the
author
portray
Coplands
music
in
a
very
negative
or
very
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positive light? Neither, so (A) and (E) are out. The author actually just
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describes
the
reactions
of
others
to
Coplands
music
and
interjects
little
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opinion of his or her own. That eliminates (D). Then again, the author
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is not clinically objective in tone (just think, the passage does not sound
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like a science passage). That makes (C) the best choice.
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6. C The virtuoso passages are passages only a virtuoso could play
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essentially, difficult. Eliminate (E). There is no negative judgment of
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that
quality
in
the
passage.
That
eliminates
all
but
(C),
which
is
the
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answer.
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7. C The different fates were that the Piano Variation was known by many
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pianists, but played by few in concert, and the Symphonic Ode was
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largely
unknown
because
it
was
too
difficult.
Choice
(C)
says
as
much,
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and so is the answer.
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8. A In the passage, Koussevitzky is first mentioned in connection to the
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difficulty of playing the Symphonic Ode. The passage tells you that
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even he, a champion of Coplands music, did not conduct the piece
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until it had been simplified. Choice (A) correctly points this out. Dont
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be tricked by the difficult name into answering that he was European.
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9.
C
The
second
paragraph
begins,
Perhaps
as
a
reaction
to
the
perfor123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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mance problems of the Symphonic Ode, Coplands next two orchestral
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works
deal
in
shorter
units
of
time.
So
the
author
thinks
that
the
pieces
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immediately
subsequent
to
the
Symphonic
Ode
were
made
shorter
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because the Ode was not being performed. Choice (C) says the same.
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(B)
is
tempting
but
the
passage
explicitly
states
that
it
was
the
length
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and not the complexity that Copland adjusted in the subsequent pieces.
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10. E This sentence is essentially saying that, although brief, these works were
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also very difficult to perform. The answer is (E). This is essentially a
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9
vocabulary question, asking you to define agile.
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11. C First off, what does the passage state about Coplands views of the
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Americas and music? It says that Copland, envisioned American
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music
as
being
music
of
the
Americas.
In
other
words,
he
thought
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they were related, or should be. (A), (B), and (E) run contrary to this
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meaning.
(D)
is
irrelevant.
The
answer
is
(C).
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500 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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12. D The Mexican material is more accessible to audiences. The opposite of
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accessible
is
inaccessible.
(D)
should
look
good
to
you
right
away.
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Dont get confused by (C). The emphasis in the sentence is on
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audiences,
not
musicians.
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13. C You can eliminate (B) because it is too specific. You can eliminate (D)
9
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because
the
author
never
talks
about
eating
or
brushing
teeth
or
other
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daily activities. (E) is also too specific. (A) is really off in emphasis; the
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author focuses on describing the Earths appearance more than the
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trajectory of the Space Station. The answer is (C). Its also a good
9
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answer because it captures a little bit of the tone of the piece; the author
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seems to write the passage for an average person experiencing curiosity
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about seeing the Earth from space.
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14. E The second half of the paragraph contrasts seeing the whole Earth to
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seeing
just
a
limited
part
of
it.
But
the
emphasis
is
on
seeing
the
whole
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Earth, because weve all seen limited parts of it. The answer is (E).
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15.
B
Here
you
have
to
be
careful
because
two
different
window
views
are
9
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discussed in the passage. The downward-facing window is discussed in
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the
second
half
of
the
second
paragraph.
And
there
the
author
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compares
the
view
to
looking
at
a
big
blue
beach
ball
up-close,
choice
9
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(B).
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16. B This is where that second window view comes in. The author first
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discusses the downward-facing window and then contrasts it with
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looking through a sideward-facing window in the third paragraph. (B)
9
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is
the
answer.
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17.
B
The
passage
discusses
the
faint
glow
in
the
last
sentence
of
the
third
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paragraph.
There,
he
attributes
it
to
the
outer
rim
of
the
atmosphere.
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(B) says the same thing. (A) mentions the atmosphere, but it designates
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the
wrong
part
of
the
atmosphere.
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18. B Before the thought exercise is given the author states that, a good way
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to imagine our view is to stand up and look down at your feet. In
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imagining the view through the thought exercise the reader gets a
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9
definite idea of the proportions of things within the space stations view
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(e.g. where San Francisco is in relation to Denver). Choice (B) says as
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much, and so is the best answer. Choice (C) is a tempting answer,
9
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because it is the idea with which the paragraph begins, but it ends up
9
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being
too
narrow
a
description
of
the
thought
exercise.
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9
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9
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9 501
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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19. D You may be tempted to answer (A), because the passage can be
9
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confusing.
But
its
not
dry
or
scientific,
so
technical
just
isnt
a
good
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9
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word for it. Choice (B) doesnt capture its informality. Choice (E) is too
9
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extremeas
far
as
poetic
descriptions
of
the
planet
go,
this
one
doesnt
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even rate. That leaves (C) and (D). Choice (C) isnt quite right, either,
9
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9
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because its not irreverent, its just casual. Choice (D) best captures that
9
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sense.
9
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20. D You dont know a lot about what the astronauts do from the passage,
9
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9
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so youll have to dig this answer up. Choice (A) seems silly, and would
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9
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really be a disrespectful thing to say about the author. The SAT wont
9
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9
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do that. So eliminate (A). Theres no reference to gravity in the passage,
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9
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so eliminate (B). Theres no real reference to physical activity, so (C)
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seems wrong. You are left with (D) and (E). The astronaut uses a lot of
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numbers, and throws them around as though they were quite easy. (D)
9
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seems
like
a
reasonable
answer.
Theres
no
reference
in
the
passage
to
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9
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communication procedures, which means you can eliminate (E) even
9
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9
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though
its
sort
of
a
tempting
answer.
9
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Section
2
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1. C This is the first question, so it should be one of the easiest, if not the
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easiest,
questions
in
the
section.
For
this
reason,
you
dont
have
to
9
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9
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expect anything too tricky about this problem. Substitute x 5 2y into
9
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the first equation and solve for x:
9
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9
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x 1 4y 5 3
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2y
1
4y
5
3
9
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9
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3y
5
3
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3y 3
9
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5
9
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3
3
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y51
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9
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(C) is the answer.
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2. B There are two main parts to this problem:
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1. the use of the variable d, and
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2.
the
change
of
units
from
hours
to
minutes.
9
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9
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Start with the variable since d is half as much as 2d, it should take him
9
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9
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half
the
amount
of
time,
or
1.5
hours.
One
hour
is
60
minutes,
and
half
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9
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an hour is 30 minutes, so 1.5 hours is 90 minutes. Thats choice (B).
9
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9
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502 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
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www.petersons.com

ANSWERS

Tip

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3. A There is more than one way to solve this problem, but all paths involve
9
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9
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manipulating
the
equation.
You
can
solve
for
f
in
the
first
equation,
and
9
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then plug that value into the second equation. You could also just leave
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
3f
as
is,
and
monkey
with
the
formula
this
way:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3f 1 15 5 27
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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3f 1 15 2 15 5 27 2 15
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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3f 5 12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3f
2
6
5
12
2
6
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3f 2 6 5 6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Whichever path you take, if you manipulate the equation correctly
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
youll
get
choice
(A)
as
your
answer.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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4.
A
The
first
thing
to
notice
is
that
this
triangle
is
a
30-60-90
triangle,
one
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of the SATs favorite triangles. Since you can read off the relationships
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
between different sides of a 30-60-90 triangle, it can be readily seen that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
x
1
y
side
is
half
the
length
of
the
hypotenuse
(which
is
14).
Half
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
14 is 7, so (A) is the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5. D Translating the English into algebra is the key to all word problems.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Since the snack costs twenty cents less than the drink, you can write
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
down
d
2
20
5
s.
Since
a
snack
and
drink
together
costs
$1.30,
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
also
know
that
s
1
d
5
130.
You
have
two
equations
and
two
variables.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Substitute the first equation into the second and then solve:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
s
1
d
5
130
9
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9
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d 2 20! 1 d 5 130
9
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~
9
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9
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2d
2
20
5
130
9
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9
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2d 2 20 1 20 5 130 1 20
9
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9
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2d 5 150
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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2d 150
9
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5
9
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2
2
9
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9
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d 5 75
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
drink
costs
75
cents
($0.75),
so
(D)
is
the
answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
For
problems
dealing
with
units
of
money,
always
decide
whether
you
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
want
to
work
in
dollars
or
cents.
If
the
amount
of
money
is
great,
using
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
dollars is typically the best way to go. On this problem, converting to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
cents might work better since you wont have to deal with any decimals.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 503
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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9
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6. D This problem looks really complicated, but dont let that ruffle your test
9
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9
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feathers.
With
function
problems,
just
plug
in
whatever
the
problem
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tells you to plug into the equation. Be a machine! Here, you are
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
considering
when
x
5
2,
so
f(2x)
is
the
same
thing
as
f(4).
(Of
course,
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the question could have just said x 5 4, but that would have been too
9
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9
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easy).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Now just replace every x in the problem with a 4:
9
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9
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9
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x
f(x) 5 x 1 x
9
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9
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4
9
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f ~4! 5 4 1 4
9
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9
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f
4
5
4
1
256
~
!
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9
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f ~4! 5 260
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Your
answer
is
(D).
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9
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9
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7. D This one looks strange, and it is as straightforward to solve as it
9
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2
9
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appears.
If
you
only
consider
x
to
be
x,
then
you
only
get
the
=
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
extraneous
solution,
and
not
the
correct
one.
You
start
by
squaring
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
both sides and then factoring.
9
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9
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2
2
9
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5
4x
1
12x
1
9
x
9
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9
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0 5 3x2 1 12x 19
9
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9
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2
9
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0 5 3~x 1 4x 1 3!
9
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2
9
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0 5 x 1 4x 1 3
9
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9
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0
5
x
1
3
x
1
1
~
!~
!
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9
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x 5 23 or x 5 21
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Checking both solutions in the original equation, you see that only x 5
9
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9
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21 works. This is choice (D).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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8. E If |x 1 1| . |y|, what do you know about x and y? Not much actually.
9
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9
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x could be 210 and y could be 5, and the inequality would be true. But
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
could
also
be
10,000
and
y
could
be
9,998,
and
the
inequality
would
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
still be true. This means you cannot nail down the relationship between
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x and y, so (E) is the answer.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
504 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9. A This question is almost all Math Speak, but hopefully you are getting
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
better
at
this
language.
The
whole
thing
sets
up
an
equation.
Percent
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
means divide by 100, and is the same value works the same as an
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equal
sign.
What
number
is
Math
Speak
for
place
a
variable
here.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Heres the translation:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
75
percent
of
104
is
the
same
value
as
60
percent
of
what
number
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
75
60
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
104! 5
n
~
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
100
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~0.75!~104! 5 0.6n
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
78 5 0.6n
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
78
0.6n
9
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5
9
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0.6
0.6
9
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9
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130 5 n
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Choice (A) is the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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The percentages were rewritten as decimals instead of fractions to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
make it easier to use your calculator. Dividing 78 by 0.6 is not
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
something most people can do easily, but for a calculator, its a cinch.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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10.
D
Equations
of
lines
can
be
put
into
the
y
5
mx
1
b
form,
and
then
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y-intercept, b, can be read off.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3y
2
x
5
12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
3y 2 x 1 x 5 12 1 x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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3y
5
x
1
12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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3y x 12
9
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5
1
9
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3
3
3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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x
9
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9
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y5 14
9
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3
9
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9
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If 4 is the y-intercept, and twice this number is 8, choice (D).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 505
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Note

S D

S D

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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11. C
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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As
you
can
see
from
this
figure
a
5
a,
and
b
5
b
because
alternate
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
interior angles are congruent. If two angles of a triangle are congruent
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to
two
angles
of
another
triangle,
what
can
you
deduce
about
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
relationship between the third angles? The third angles must also be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
congruent. If you dont see this, pick values for a and b and remember
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that the sum of the mesures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180.
9
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9
Choice (C) is the answer.
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9
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9
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12. D These next three problems test your ability to deal with unfamiliar
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
symbols.
Recall
that
you
will
be
told
everything
that
you
need
to
know
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
about the new symbol. Carefully read the instructions and dont get
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rattled;
everything
you
need
to
know
about
the
new
symbol
will
be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
handed to you on a platter.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In
the
subtraction
problem,
convert
each
term
one
at
a
time:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
{ 2323 5 3322 and { 2321 5 1322
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(Its helpful if you write out the middle unchanging middle digits first,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and then write the first and last digits.)
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
So
{
2323
2
{
2321
5
3322
2
1322
5
2000,
choice
(D).
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13. A You know that A is a two-digit number between 10 and 20, which
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
narrows
the
field
of
possible
answers
to
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and 19. This may seem like a lot, but the second part of the problem
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
will narrow things down. The equation ({ A)2 5 {(A2)looks confusing,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
but the key word is equation. The two values are equal, even though
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
youve flipped the first and last digits. Flipping 19 makes 91, which is
9
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2
2
quite a difference, and its highly unlikely that 19 5 91 .
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9
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9
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At this point, you might suspect that 11 was the answer because
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
reversing
the
digits
does
not
change
the
value
of
the
number.
That
is
a
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
good suspicion, and if you see it, you can easily read off that (A) is the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
answer. If you did not have that suspicion, just dive into the problem
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
trying
different
choices.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
506 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS

Note

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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14. E Since each variable is a digit and the inequality is true, plug in some
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
numbers
to
try
to
make
the
smallest
difference
possible:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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A . B . C . D . E
9
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9
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5
.
4
.
3
.
2
.
1
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now look at the subtraction problem and plug in the numbers above:
9
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9
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ABCD 2 {(ABCD) 5 5432 2 2435 5 2977
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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The difference is greater than one thousand, so choice (E) is the answer.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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There is a theoretical path that leads to the same answer on this
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem,
but
when
dealing
with
weird
symbols
problems
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
theoretical path is usually not the best one to take. As you can see,
9
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9
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generating some numbers and then placing them into the equation
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
works
well
and
didnt
take
too
long.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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15.
C
Theres
no
answer
choice
that
says,
It
cannot
be
determined,
so
you
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
have to realize that there is a way to determine the area of the circle.
9
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2
9
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Since the area formula for a circle is A 5 pr this means there has to be
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a way to find the radius of the circle, which in this case is line
9
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9
segment RS.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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The two statements underneath the drawing give you the tools you
9
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9
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need.
If
line
q
is
tangent
to
circle
R,
then
angle
RST
is
a
right
angle.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
RT
9
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,
then
you
can
determine
the
value
of
RS
since
the
And
if
RS
5
9
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3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem gives you the length of RT as 18. For line segment RS, the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18
9
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radius
will
be
6,
since
5
6.
If
you
place
this
value
of
the
radius
into
9
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3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the area formula for a circle, youll find answer (C) at the end.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A 5 pr2
9
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9
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A 5 p62
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
5
36p
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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16. E All of the answer choices mention August and September total sales, so
9
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9
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the
first
step
in
this
problem
is
to
figure
out
what
these
values
are.
In
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
table, August has two squares (1,000 each) and three triangles (50
9
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9
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returns each), so total August sales are:
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9
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2(1,000) 2 3(50)5 2000 2 150 5 1,850
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 507
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
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9
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9
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9
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Doing the same box-and-triangle conversion, you should find that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
September
total
sales
were
1950.
Therefore,
there
were
100
more
sales
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in September than in August. This lets you cross out (B) and (D),
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
because
they
have
September
total
sales
as
being
less
than
August
total
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sales.
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9
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9
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The
final
three
answers
all
have
different
percentages.
The
difference
in
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
monthly sales is 100 (1950 2 1850), so what percent of 1,850 is 100?
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
n
9
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1850
5
100
9
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100
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
n
9
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100!
1850 5 100~100!
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~
100
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1850n 5 10000
9
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9
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1850n
10000
9
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5
9
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1850
1850
9
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9
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n 5 5.4
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9
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9
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100 is 5.4 percent of 1850, which means that September total sales
9
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9
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were
5.4
percent
greater
than
August
total
sales.
(E)
says
the
same
and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
the
correct
answer.
9
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9
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9
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17.
C
You
cannot
solve
this
problem
unless
you
do
some
creative
line
9
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9
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drawing.
9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
To find the unknown lengths, you have to subtract known values of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
opposites.
Take
the
top
and
bottom
sides,
for
instance.
The
larger
top
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
side is 8, and the lower part is 5, so the difference must be 3. A dashed
9
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9
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line shows this value. Subtracting the right side (length 2) from the left
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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side (length 6), you find another dashed line that has a value of 4.
9
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9
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From this sketch you can see that x is the hypotenuse of a 3-4-5 triangle,
9
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9
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and so is equal to 5. This means the perimeter is 26, (C).
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
508 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D
S D

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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18. A Unpack the tangle of terms, and youll find the answer. You are looking
9
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9
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for
two
prime
numbers
that:
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1. When you subtract them you get 21.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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2. When you multiply them you get one of the answer choices.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
It might not sound like enough information to find the answer, but it is.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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None of the answer choices are very great, so one or both of the prime
9
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numbers must be less than ten. If the two primes were greater, their
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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product would not be as small as the answer choices. The difference
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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between
the
two
primes
is
21,
which
means
that
one
of
the
prime
9
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9
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numbers must be small. Good candidates for the lesser prime are 2, 3,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or
5.
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Prime numbers starting in the 20s are 23, 29, 31, and 37. Use a little
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
trial
and
error,
and
youll
realize
that
the
difference
between
23
and
2
is
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
21. Those are the two primes. What is 2 times 23? The answer is 46,
9
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9
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choice
(A).
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9
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19. B First, it always helps to draw a quick sketch of the scenario to get a
9
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9
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better grasp on what is being asked.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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The first thing to determine is the midpoint of DE, which you can do by
9
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9
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using
the
midpoint
formula:
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9
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9
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x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
0 1 5 12 1 0
5 12
9
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5
5 ,
5 ~2.5,6!
,
,
9
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2
2
2
2
2
2
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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You can keep the x-value as a fraction if you like, but converting it to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2.5
will
make
it
easier
to
punch
into
your
calculator.
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 509
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

D S

D S D

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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Looking at the dashed lines, you can see a right triangle with its
9
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9
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hypotenuse
from
the
origin
to
the
midpoint
of
DE.
It
has
sides
of
2.5
9
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9
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and 6. Placing those values into the Pythagorean theorem yields:
9
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9
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9
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2
2
2
a 1b 5c
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9
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2
2
2
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2.5 1 6 5 c
9
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2
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6.25
1
36
5
c
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9
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42.25 5 c2
9
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9
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42.25
5
c
=
=
9
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9
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6.5 5 c
9
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Its
choice
(B).
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20. A Its a big equation, but in the end its just that: an equation. You have to
9
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9
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pull
out
two
different
techniquesFOIL
and
PEMDASto
solve
it,
9
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9
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but so long as you write out your work carefully, you will reach the
9
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9
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right answer.
9
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2
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2b 5 ~b 2 7!~b 1 3! 2 ~2b 1 2!~b 1 5!
9
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2
2
2
9
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2b
5
b
1
3b
2
7b
2
21
2
2b
1
10b
1
2b
1
10
~
!
~
!
9
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9
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2
2
2
2b
5
b
2
4b
2
21
2
2b
1
12b
1
10
~
!
~
!
9
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9
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9
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2b2 5 b2 2 4b 2 21 2 2b2 2 12b 2 10
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2
2
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2b
5
2b
2
16b
2
31
9
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2
2
2
2
2b 1 b 5 2b 1 b 2 16b 2 31
9
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9
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9
0 5 216b 2 31
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9
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0 1 16b 5 216b 1 16b 2 31
9
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16b
5
231
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16b 231
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5
9
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16
16
9
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9
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31
15
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b 5 2 5 21
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16
16
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Choice (A) is your answer.
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21. A Theres no table given for this question, so its up to you to create one.
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In
this
respect
its
like
a
diagram
without
a
diagram
given:
You
could
9
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9
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conceivably answer it without the visual aids, but its much easier
9
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9
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with
them.
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9
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For the table, start with the years:
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9
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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
9
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9
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510 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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Now place the number of people in Cree County in 1950 in the
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9
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appropriate place, and then start multiplying by three.
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9
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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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1000
3000
9000
27000
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In the 1980s, the population fell by one-half, so divide 27,000 by 2.
9
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9
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Then go back to multiplying by 3.
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9
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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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1000 3000 9000 27000 13,500 40,500
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Your answer is choice (A).
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9
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Section 3
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1. A Something that can be counted requires fewer rather than less. The
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answer is (A).
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9
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2. B In for Ada and I, I is used here as the object of a preposition (for). That
9
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should
never
be.
Me
is
the
object
of
a
preposition,
or
a
direct
or
indirect
9
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9
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object. The answer is (B).
9
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3.
B
Is
the
subject
in
this
sentence
singular
or
plural?
Team
is
singular.
Is
the
9
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9
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verb singular or plural? Compete is plural. The clause which is
9
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9
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comprised
of
four
cyclists
obscures
the
subject-verb
disagreement,
but
9
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it is still there. (B) is the answer.
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9
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9
4. E Did you hear any mistakes in this sentence? Hopefully you didnt
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9
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because there are not any. (E) is the answer.
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9
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5. A If you know that Louis and Clark were nineteenth-century explorers,
9
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9
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the
verb
have
surveyed
might
sound
strange
even
before
you
read
the
9
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9
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rest of the sentence. If not, were well prepared suggests that the first
9
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9
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exploration
happened
prior
to
an
event
which
is,
itself,
in
the
past.
The
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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first verb should be had surveyed, and the answer is (A).
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9
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6.
D
There
is
a
parallel
structure
problem
here.
Focus,
a
verb,
should
be
9
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9
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paired with follow up, a verb, not follow-up, which is a noun. The
9
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answer is (D).
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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7. C Nothing in this sentence sounds wrong, but (E) is not the answer. Heres
9
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9
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why, to whom does the its refer? It is not clear if it refers to the Ottoman
9
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9
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or
Austrian
Empire.
An
ambiguous
pronoun
reference
is
an
error,
and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
so (C) is the answer.
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 511
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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8. A What is the subject, census (singular) or statistics (plural)? Statistics.
9
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9
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Census
is
used
as
an
adjective.
The
plural
subject
means
you
would
9
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9
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need a plural verb, were. The answer is (A).
9
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9
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9
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9.
B
Scarcely
no
one
is
a
double
negative.
It
should
be
scarcely
anyone.
(B)
is
9
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9
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the answer.
9
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9
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9
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10. D This is a tricky question because the error arises with the implied part of
9
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9
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the sentence. The full sentence with the implied part written out
9
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9
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explicitly reads, Even though he had the title of Vice-President of
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9
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Operations, his duties and responsibilities were not much greater than a
9
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midlevel managers duties and responsibilities. The short version
9
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9
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should still say managers. The answer is (D).
9
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9
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9
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11. D After both, you especially need parallel structure. It should read more
9
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9
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accessible
and
more
understandable.
The
other
answers
only
confuse
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9
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the original. The answer is (D).
9
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9
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12.
D
The
initial
modifier
should
put
you
on
the
lookout
for
an
incorrect
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9
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noun,
or
reference
to
the
thing
that
is
being
modified.
You
should
9
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9
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examine the noun that directly follows the modifier carefully. Does the
9
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9
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modifier modify the noun that follows it? Nope. The poet, Gerard
9
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9
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Manley Hopkins, not his poems, is what is being modified here. The
9
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9
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possessive form (Hopkinss) and the noun poems messes things up in
9
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the original and answer choices (A), (B), and (C). To make it work, you
9
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9
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need to get rid of the possessive on the authors name. Only (D) and (E)
9
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9
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do that. (E) makes an unnecessary change to the verb. The better
9
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9
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answer
is
(D).
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13.
E
The
original
underlined
phrase
is
not
glaringly
obtuse
or
a
grammatical
9
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disaster,
but
it
is
a
little
wordy.
Also,
this
includes
the
Human
Rights
9
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Commission is a complete sentence, so it would need to be attached
9
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with
a
semicolon.
Only
(E)
addresses
both
problems
without
creating
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others.
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14. C The most blatant mistake here is that, again, the clause that follows a
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comma is technically a complete sentence. The best way to approach
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9
this question is to read all the way through each of the answers to see if
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they contain problems. (B) has tense problems. (D) also has two
9
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complete sentences attached by a comma (this is called a comma splice).
9
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(E) just doesnt work. The answer is (C).
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
512 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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15. B The underlined portion of the sentence reads awkwardly for two
9
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9
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reasons.
First,
it
includes
the
phrase
her
plans
of,
which
is
redundant
9
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9
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because the list is a list of her plans. Second, the preceding plans in the
9
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9
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list
are
given
in
infinitive
form
(i.e.
to
refinance),
but
the
last
plan
of
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9
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action is not in infinitive form. Any answer choice that deals with these
9
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9
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two issues will be the best choice. (B) is that answer choice.
9
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9
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16. B You know the correct answer wont be a complete sentence, because it
9
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9
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is attached by a comma to the main clause. Eliminate (E). You will also
9
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9
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want to cut down on wordiness, rather than add to it. Eliminate (A) and
9
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(C). Which suggests that the clause modifies a noun that comes just
9
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9
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before it. That isnt the case. The answer is (B).
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9
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17. C Again, you want to move toward parallel structure as much as possible.
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You dont want nouns in one part of the list and verbs in another, as you
9
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9
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have
now.
Change
the
noun
tolerance
to
a
verb,
tolerate.
You
can
9
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9
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narrow the field to (C) and (E). (E) is wrong because you dont use a
9
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9
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comma
in
a
two-items
list.
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18. D Guess what? Parallel structure again. To commit a crime needs to be
9
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followed
by
(to)
conceal
it.
That
leaves
(D),
without
you
even
having
to
9
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9
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know
that
among
suggests
more
than
two
people,
whereas
between
9
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9
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suggests two.
9
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19. C Heres the test writers other favorite trick: not only with but also.
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Only (C) and (E) use this construction. (E) makes the tenses
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unnecessarily complex. The answer is (C).
9
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9
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20. D The sentence as it stands is muddy and unnecessarily wordy. These are
9
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9
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things
to
be
avoided
in
good
writing.
If
should
be
followed
by
a
9
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9
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then
clause.
What
follows
here
doesnt
fit
that
logical
pattern.
So
if
is
9
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9
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out. That leaves (D) and (E). (D) gets rid of the repetitive and vague it in
9
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the
second
part
of
the
sentence.
Good.
The
answer
is
(D).
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9
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21. D The original version should wave a red flag at you that it is repetitive
9
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and cumbersome and will need to be changed. (B) is even more vague
9
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and wordy than the original, despite being a single sentence. (C) is weak
9
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9
because it begins the essay with the word it, which is never a strong
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opener. (E) is suspect because the essay is about the word modern not
9
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modernity. (Yes, modernity is later introduced, but that does not
9
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9
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change the point that the essay is about the word modern.) (E) is also
9
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unnecessarily
wordy.
That
leaves
(D).
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9
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9
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9 513
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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22. B Descartes is the thing that will link the two sentences. He is the subject
9
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of
the
first
and
the
object
of
the
second.
This
is
a
prime
example
of
9
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9
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when to use whom. (B) is better than (C) and the others are longer than
9
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the
original,
not
shorter.
(B)
is
the
answer.
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9
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23. E What is the logical connection between the opinions of academics other
9
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than
philosophers
and
the
opinions
of
historians
in
particular?
The
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latter is an example of the former. The answer is (E).
9
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24. B The original sentence is clunky because it has both beginning of
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9
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modernity and beginning of modern times. You will want to replace the
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second with it. That leaves (B) and possibly (E). (E) adds unhelpful
9
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9
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extra verbiage in other places, so (B) is the best answer.
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25. E Anything separated by commas should be detachable from the rest of
9
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the
sentence.
Remove
the
phrase
between
commas
and
you
get
Most
of
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9
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us. . . we are thinking. Bad. Most of us think. (E) is the only answer that
9
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9
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addresses that problem correctly. (B) actually changes the sense by
9
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9
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eliminating
the
subject
of
think
so
that
it
becomes
a
command.
9
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9
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26. B Choices (C) and (E) have an imprecise and unclear 2ing verb, so
9
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eliminate them. (D) is just a wordier alternative to (B), so eliminate it.
9
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9
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(B) is so straightforward and clear that it is better than the original. The
9
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9
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answer is (B).
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27.
E
The
passage
is
talking
about
the
1920s.
Be
as
specific
as
possible,
9
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9
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without being wordy as in (C) and (D). The answer is (E).
9
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9
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28.
C
The
only
punctuation
marks
that
are
possible
here
are
parentheses,
a
9
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9
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semicolon or a colon. The second sentence gives more specific
9
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information
to
elaborate
on
the
first
sentence,
so
a
colon
is
better
than
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9
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a semicolon or parentheses. The answer is (C).
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29. D Whats wrong with the transition in the original? Is it a logical problem
9
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9
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or a grammatical problem? It sounds weird and wordy, so its a
9
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9
grammatical problem. The sense is logical, so keep it. Eliminate (A); it
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9
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changes the sense. Which of the answers simplifies and clarifies the
9
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grammar? The answer is (D).
9
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9
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30.
A
Eliminate
(D)
because
its
grammatically
incorrect.
Eliminate
(C)
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because it really doesnt go with the ideas in the passage. If you look
9
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back
at
the
passage,
youll
see
that
the
last
sentence
is
not
about
Macys
9
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but
Bloomingdales.
(E)
would
be
out
of
place,
so
eliminate
it.
Youre
9
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9
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left with (A) and (B). While (B) would be an adequate conclusion to the
9
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9
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third
paragraph,
only
(A)
reflects
back
over
the
entire
passage.
The
best
9
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9
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answer is (A).
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514 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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Section
4
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1. D Jerome does not indulge much. He is an ascetic, (D). A teetotaler, (B), is
9
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9
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someone who does not consume alcohol. A gourmand, (C), is someone
9
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who indulges a great deal in fine food. Neither (A) nor (E) have
9
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9
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anything
to
do
with
indulgence.
9
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9
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2.
A
Begin
with
the
first
blank,
since
you
know
that
it
must
be
something
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9
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negative since protests were planned. (B) and (D) are not negative, so
9
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eliminate them. Going to the second blank, organized fits well, while
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negotiated and theorized do not (you dont theorize about a protest
9
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9
event). This makes (A) the best answer.
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3.
B
We
know
the
first
word
will
be
negative,
since
it
engendered
criticism.
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9
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All of the words are negative, so you cant eliminate anything yet. But
9
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what would a politician be if he seized a ceremony having to do with
9
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9
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a
girls
tragic
death
to
speak
out
against
his
opponent?
Not
militaris9
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9
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tic, or unreceptive, certainly not passive or defeatist. The answer is (B).
9
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4. E All of the options in this question have a first word that could be
9
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9
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something
one
software
did
to
another.
For
the
second
word,
all
the
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choices, except (D), are things a user could likely do to software.
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Preclude,
(A),
means
make
something
impossible,
but
the
prior
9
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version clearly isnt impossible so eliminate (A). If the older version is
9
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9
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outdone,
you
dont
want
to
implement,
or
use,
it.
Eliminate
(B).
If
9
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9
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something is infected, you dont want to disregard it, so eliminate (C).
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The answer is (E). Supercede means replace by being better, which
9
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9
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would mean you could throw out, or discard, the now useless thing.
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5. B Lets start with the first blank since it has to be paired with long. Which
9
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9
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of
the
first
answer
choices
pairs
well
with
long?
Only
storied,
9
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9
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exemplary,
and
reputable
do
(the
others
either
are
awkward
or
dont
fit
9
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9
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with the meaning of the sentence). Plug in the second answer choices of
9
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(A),
(B),
and
(E)
into
the
sentence.
Can
poetry
initiate
the
dignity
of
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9
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humanity? No. Eliminate (A). Can it articulate, or express? Definitely.
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Choice (B) sounds too good to pass up.
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9
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6. C You should have a good sense of what kind of word goes in each blank
9
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9
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because each blank has a pair. The second blank has a more obvious
9
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pair, so start with it. Which of the second answer choices goes with
9
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speedy? (A) and (C) are the best candidates. On the first blank, does
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9
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intricate and laborious or fragile and laborious sound better? Intricate
9
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9
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does
because
it
provides
a
better
contrast
with
the
second
half
of
the
9
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9
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sentence. (Also, it is strange to speak of a surgery being fragile; someone
9
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in
surgery
might
be
in
fragile
health,
but
the
surgery
itself
would
not
be
9
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9
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fragile.) (C) is the answer.
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9 515
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7. A Despite at the beginning of the sentence is the main clue to unlocking
9
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the
blank.
You
need
one
positive
word
and
one
negative
word.
9
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Eliminate (B) and (C). Now what can clans do to each other? Assist,
9
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possibly
discount.
A
problem
is
ameliorated,
not
a
person
or
group
of
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9
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people. (A) is the better answer, especially since feud and clan are
9
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both words that seem to refer to the past.
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8. B From the structure of the sentence, we can see that the word in the
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blank goes along with humor and merriment. Which of the answer
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choices fits with these two positive words? Only (B), mirth, does.
9
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(Irony, history, and mystery, are at best neutral terms in this context,
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not positive.)
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9. A The Latin makes this sentence complicated. You can combat this by
9
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replacing the Latin words with the letters (A) and (B) in your head (i.e.
9
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although
(A)
has
more
subspecies
than
(B)
.
.
.
).
The
although
is
the
key
9
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to the logic of the sentence structure. Although (A) has more subspecies
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than
(B),
(B)
has
greater
numbers.
(A)
and
(E)
match
this
pre-guess
for
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the
first
blank.
(E)
isnt
really
logical
(how
can
a
region
be
ominous?),
9
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so the answer is (A).
9
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10.
D
Looking
at
the
first
blank,
(B)
and
(E)
can
be
eliminated
because
both
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are not conventional English. That leaves (A), (C), and (D). (A) is
9
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suspect, though, because progression is an odd word choice for the
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9
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context. (C) is illogical. (D) is a best choice because it flows well in both
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blanks and because development is already a word you associate with
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pregnancy and fetus.
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11. C The word, Though, tells you that the ideals and the practices of the
9
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organization
are
at
odds.
So
if
the
ideals
are
outward-focused
then
the
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practice must be inward-focused. Which of the answer choices matches
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this
pre-guess?
Only
(C),
insular
(isolated,
circumscribed),
does.
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9
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Hermetic
means
tightly
sealed.
Its
not
too
far
off
in
meaning,
but
it
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9
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doesnt refer to group behavior.
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9
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12. B On the first blank we know that the word goes with base, and we know
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that the prosecuting attorney is probably not saying nice things about
9
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9
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the defendant. (A) and (B) fit this (motley doesnt; even though it has a
9
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9
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negative connotation, it means a random or ungainly assortment). This
9
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leaves misunderstanding the testimonials or misconstruing the testimo9
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9
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nials, for the second blank. The latter is a better choice since the
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9
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prosecuting attorney is more likely to be making the defendant sound
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bad on purpose than by mistake.
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9
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516 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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13. B This sentence is either really positive or really negative about the new
9
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9
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drug
regime.
It
is
more
likely
positive
since
a
new
drug
wouldnt
come
9
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9
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out if it was known to be really negative. So your inclination should be
9
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9
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that
the
blank
is
very
positive.
Only
(B)
fits
this,
and
it
fits
well.
If
you
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9
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have extra time, you can check to see if there is a really negative
9
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9
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response that might fit better. Bane could work in terms of meaning,
9
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9
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but
it
doesnt
work
syntactically.
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9
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9
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14. C The blanks in this sentence are a little more complicated because they
9
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9
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must be considered together. The first blank is negative and the second
9
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9
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blank is even more negative (in the same way, or to a greater degree).
9
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The second blank isnt negative in (A) and (D), so they are not it. That
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9
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leaves (B), (C), and (E). Of the three, (C) is the best since self-centered
9
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and egocentric are synonyms and solipsism is a more negative form of
9
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9
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both words. You might be tempted to go with (B) because you dont
9
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9
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know
what
solipsistic
means,
but
you
can
eliminate
it
because
9
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9
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ill-tempered has little to do with self-centered.
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9
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15.
B
What
is
a
good
pre-guess
for
the
blank?
Really
hectic
(that
is,
opposite
9
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9
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of alleviating demands upon our time). Only (B) matches this pre-guess,
9
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9
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and
it
fits
in
the
flow
of
the
sentence.
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9
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16. A This is a global question since it cannot be answered by looking at one
9
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specific place in the text but has to be weighed considering the passage
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as a whole. Ask yourself, does the author present Dr. Rael positively or
9
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negatively, sympathetically or unsympathetically? The article describes
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Dr. Raels career, generally in positive terms, and no criticisms of Dr.
9
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9
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Raels work is discussed. So the answer should be positive. That
9
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eliminates (C)(E). (B) might seem appealing, but realize that an article
9
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9
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can
engage
a
persons
work
without
being
positive
about
that
work.
9
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Also the passage more tells about Dr. Raels work than engages it. So
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(A)
is
the
best
choice.
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17. C Again this is a global question. To rephrase the question, what is the
9
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passage
about?
It
tells
the
story
of
Dr.
Raels
life
with
specific
emphasis
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9
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on his professional career. Choice (C) captures this. You might have
9
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been
attracted
by
(E),
but
remember
the
passage
only
discusses
the
Rael
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9
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family when it contributes to the story of Dr. Rael.
9
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18. B You can answer this either as a detail question or as a global question;
9
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you will get the answer more quickly if you answer it as a detail
9
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9
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question. You can find in paragraph 3 that Jos Ignacio had the
9
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9
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foresight to recognize the changes that were coming with the increasing
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Americanization
of
New
Mexico
and
realized
that
a
fluent
knowledge
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9
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9 517
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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of English. . . would be necessary. Choices (B) and (D) seem to echo
9
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9
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this
sentence.
But
the
passage
does
not
go
on
to
say
that
Dr.
Rael
did
not
9
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9
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learn English. The answer is (B). If you answer it as a global question,
9
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use
the
process
of
elimination.
The
passage
doesnt
mention
job
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9
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discrimination. The passage refers to Rael studying far from his family,
9
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9
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but doesnt mention that problem in regard to teaching. It strongly
9
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9
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suggests
that
Rael
was
successful
in
American
schools
with
English
9
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9
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names, so eliminate (D). The passage doesnt specify what Rael studied
9
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9
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before
his
Ph.D.
Choices
(C)
and
(E)
are
hard
to
eliminate,
but
an
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9
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overall view of the passage should convey that the folklore was precious
9
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9
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and disappearing.
9
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9
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19. E Relinquished means he gave something up, but the passage does not state
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that Rael was relieved to give up his family duties. Eliminate (D). There is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
no mention of sibling rivalry, so you can eliminate (A). The passage doesnt
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
say
if
the
family
was
wealthy
or
simply
OK,
so
(B)
is
out.
It
certainly
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
doesnt say Rael had tried to be a rancher, choice (C). That leaves (E).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
20.
E
This
question
is
similar
to
question
18,
but
it
is
definitely
a
global
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
question. The basic gist of the passage is that Raels work was
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
important.
He
collected
Spanish-language
folklore
and
studied
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
particular Spanish used in the area. The answer is (E).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
21. C Someone you study under is your mentor. This is a vocabulary question.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The answer is (C).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
22. B Corpus refers to a body of work. The only answer choice that reflects
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
idea
of
more
than
one
book
is
(B).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23.
B
Looking
over
the
choices,
there
is
no
reference
to
Dr.
Rael
enjoying
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
working
on
the
ranch
(or
using
his
scholarly
pursuits
to
avoid
it,
which
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
would already be using logic too strained for the SAT). The passage
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
does
mention
his
love
of
Pastores.
Just
after
the
mention
of
Pastores,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the passage says this influenced his later work. Bingo. The answer is (B).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
24. A This is a tough one. But diffusion of motifs seems to be related to the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
number of variants of a particular story. That eliminates (C) and (E).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
The passage goes on to emphasize how many variants there were,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
suggesting that the answer will emphasize difference more than
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sameness. Eliminate (B) and (D). The answer is (A).
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
25.
B
If
you
do
not
know
the
definition
of
provenance
you
are
not
lost
on
this
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
one. Replace it with each of the answer choices and see which one
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
makes
the
most
sense.
If
you
do
know
the
definition
of
provenance
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(origin), then (B) pops out as the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
518 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
26. D The end of the seventh paragraph states, But inevitably the historic9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
geographic
approach
led
more
to
collection
building
than
to
analysis.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This is the most critical sentence in the passage. The answer (D)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
includes
the
word
analysis
and
is
a
fair
paraphrase
of
this
sentence.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The answer is (D).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
27.
B
This
one
is
also
hard.
First
of
all,
do
you
know
what
formidable
and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
quixotic mean? Impressive, difficult, and errantwhich is to say,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
traveling a lot. This comes from Don Quixote, who traveled a lot. He
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
was also a little crazy, which is why the test writers try to trick you with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(A) and (C). But these dont apply to Dr. Rael. Remember, the overall
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tone is laudatory. (E) tries to trick you by getting you to admit that
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you were confused at this point in the passage. Admitting you dont
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
know will never be the answer on the SAT. The answer is (B).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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Section 5
9
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9
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1. A The wrinkle in this word problem is correctly translating what a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
quarter
of
the
factorys
capacity
means.
A
quarter
is
one-fourth
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
something, so a quarter of full capacity200 sheets of paper per
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
secondis
one-fourth
of
200,
or
50.
If
a
quarter-capacity
is
50
sheets
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
per second, in 12 seconds the factory would produce 600 sheets since
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
50
3
12
5
600.
Choice
(A)
is
whats
going
on.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. E This is a straightforward variable/equation substitution problem. If
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Z 5 3 and Z 5 , then you substitute the value of 3 for Z in the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
second equation to get:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Z5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
3
5
5
~ !
~ !
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15 5 2x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15 2x
9
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5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(E)
is
the
answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 519
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

Note

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. A There are two prime ways to approach this problem. You can do a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
factor
tree
for
both
numbers,
find
the
common
factors,
and
then
look
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
down the answer list for the greatest one. If you dont know what a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
factor
tree
is,
you
could
go
through
the
answer
choices
one
by
one
to
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
see which is the greatest that divides 32 and 42. Start with choice (E),
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
since its the greatest number, and if it works, its the answer. 12 doesnt
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
work,
so
try
the
next
greatest
one,
8,
choice
(D).
Eight
doesnt
work,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and neither does 6 or 3. This leaves (A).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4. B If you understand the idea of slope, the answer will fall into your lap. If
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you have trouble with this problem, review pages 350352 in the Math
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
section to make sure you are perfectly comfortable with slope and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
linear equations in the form y 5 mx 1b.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Viewed from left to right, the line descends, which means the slope is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
negative.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
That eliminates choices (C), (D), and (E). A slope is rise over run,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
meaning
you
look
at
the
change
in
y-values
as
the
numerator
of
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fraction,
while
the
change
in
x-values
is
the
denominator.
The
line
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
drops two points along the y-axis for every three points it moves over
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
,
choice
(B).
on
the
x-axis,
so
the
slope
is
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5. E You need to know the total number of students in each grade to answer
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
th
grade,
so
you
this
question.
The
table
tells
you
there
are
32
in
the
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
only need to determine the total in the 3rd grade. There are 16 boys and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
rd
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
grade,
which
makes
30
total.
The
overall
total
is
32
14
girls
in
the
3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
plus 30, which is 62, choice (E).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The table is incomplete, but dont let this worry you. The SAT will
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
always provide the information needed to answer the question, one
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
way or another.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
th
th
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
grade,
then
there
are
14
boys
in
4
grade
6.
D
If
there
are
18
girls
in
the
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rd
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(32 2 18 5 14). The table says there are 16 boys in 3 grade, so there
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rd
th
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
4
grade.
Choice
(D)
is
are
a
total
of
30
(16
1
14
5
30)
in
the
3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
520 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. A Careful here. The problem asks for the value of the exponent, not the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
simplified
expression.
Simplifying
this
expression
looks
a
little
wiggy,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
but you need to be prepared to work with wacky-looking exponents
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problems
like
this:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3 22
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~m4! 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 m2114
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5
3 2
5 3 3
51313
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
4~m4!
4m4m4
4
4
m
m
m
m
m
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
exponent
is
2
,
which
is
choice
(A).
If
this
makes
no
sense
to
you,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
youll want to review the rules of multiplying and dividing exponents.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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8.
C
You
cant
solve
this
problem
without
a
little
help
from
the
algebraic
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
expressions. You know that the two expressions sum to 90 (because the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
measures
of
the
interior
angles
of
a
triangle
sum
to
180),
but
there
are
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
two variables and only one equation: 2x 1 y 1 3x 2 y 5 90 (They
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equal 90 since the right angle takes up the other 90.)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If the y variables didnt subtract out when you added the two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
expressions, you could not solve for x. The whole point to this problem
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is to brain freeze students who look at it and say, There are two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
variables
and
only
one
equation.
It
cant
be
solved!
If
you
just
write
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
out the equation, you can avoid this type of paralysis. Writing down
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
your
work
saves
the
day!
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2x 1 y 1 3x 2 y 5 90
9
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9
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9
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5x 5 90
9
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9
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5x 90
9
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5
9
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5
5
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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x 5 18
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) is the answer.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 521
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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9
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9. E For word problems, always translate the English into algebra. Call the
9
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9
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distance
from
Easton
to
Bethsaida
via
highway
x.
Traveling
this
route
is
9
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9
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7 miles longer than going on surface streets, so going via surface streets
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
x
2
7.
Traveling
both
routes
is
31
miles,
which
translates
to:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 1 (x 2 7) 5 31. Once you have an equation, you can solve for x:
9
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9
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9
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x 1 x 2 7 5 31
9
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9
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9
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2x 2 7 5 31
9
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9
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2x
2
7
1
7
5
31
1
7
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9
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2x 5 38
9
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9
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2x 38
9
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9
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5
9
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2
2
9
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9
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x59
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Here you might to double check that x is the highway route distance
9
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9
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and not the surface street distance. Choice (E) is the answer.
9
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9
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10.
E
A
function
is
undefined
at
a
certain
value,
if
at
that
value
the
function
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
does not make any sense. For this function, the most probable way that
9
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9
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it
could
be
undefined
is
if
the
denominator
is
zero.
9
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9
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9
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When is the denominator zero? Solve it like a quadratic to see:
9
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9
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2
9
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1
3x
2
18
5
0
x
9
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9
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~x 1 6!~x 2 3! 5 0
9
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9
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9
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The
denominator
is
zero
if
x
equals
26
or
3,
which
is
choice
(E).
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9
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9
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11. D The graph is a parabola, so it will have an x2 term in it. Sometimes that
9
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9
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will
help
you
cross
out
an
answer
choice
or
two,
but
on
this
question
all
9
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2
9
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answer choices have an x in them. Even so, it was a good technique; it
9
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9
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didnt work on this problem, but it will work on others.
9
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9
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2
The parabola is facing downwards, so the x term must have a negative
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
in front of it. If you dont see why, plug some numbers into 2x2. That
9
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9
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eliminates (A) and (B).
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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Our last clue will come from where the figure crosses the y-axis. At this
9
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2
9
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will
also
be
zero.
When
point,
x
must
equal
zero,
which
means
that
2x
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x equals zero on the graph, the value of f(x is 22. So you are looking
9
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2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
22.
Although
its
hiding
a
for
an
answer
choice
that
has
both
2x
9
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2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
2)
5
2x
2
2.
bit
inside
some
parentheses,
(D)
is
the
answer
since
2(x
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
522 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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12. D With congruent triangles, corresponding angles and sides are congru9
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9
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ent.
Both
are
right
triangles,
so
you
should
smell
the
Pythagorean
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
theorem wafting about this problem as a method of solving for y.
9
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9
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9
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2
2
2
a 1b 5c
9
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9
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2
2
2
9
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y 1 5 5 10
9
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2
9
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y
1
25
5
100
9
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9
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y2 1 25 2 25 5 100 2 25
9
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9
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2
9
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y 5 75
9
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9
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y 5 =75
9
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9
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9
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You
might
also
have
noticed
that
both
figures
are
30-60-90
triangles
9
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9
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(you can infer this from the relationship between the hypotenuse and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the smallest side of the triangle on the left). This means y 5 5=3
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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which brings you once again to =75. Either method, choice (D) is
9
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9
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correct.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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13.
A
Plug
in
the
answer
choices
and
see
which
ones
make
the
equation
true.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Many of the numbers repeat and the equation isnt that involved, so
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this
doesnt
take
as
long
as
you
might
think.
1
works,
but
21
doesnt.
If
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you try all the answer choices, you will see that only 1 works, which
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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makes
(A)
the
answer.
9
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9
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9
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14. B There are multiple ways to approach this problem. Possibly the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
quickest
is
to
count
up
the
multiples
of
three
that
are
even
and
50
or
less
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(if
they
are
even,
they
will
be
divisible
by
2).
This
list
starts
6,
12,
18,
24
9
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9
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...
9
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9
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9
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You might stop here and realize that the members of set Z are all
9
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multiples of 6. Even if you dont, youll continue with: 30, 36, 42, and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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48. 54 is the next item, but its too great, so there are eight members of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
set
Z.
(B)
is
the
answer.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15. D With similar figures, the ratios of each pair of corresponding sides must
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
be
equal.
The
tricky
part
to
this
problem
is
the
bent-leg
formation
of
the
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
given figure. The L-shape could roughly be described as, three squares
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
up,
then
one
to
the
right.
Choice
(A)
is
too
thin,
i.e.
there
was
no
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
corresponding increase in width even though there is an increase in
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
length.
With
(B),
the
small
part
of
L
seems
to
be
too
big,
and
with
(C)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
big
part
of
the
L
is
too
large
in
proportion
to
the
skinny
part.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now look at choice (D). The fact that the figure has been rotated makes
9
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9
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no difference with similarity. If you draw the following dashed lines on
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choice (D), youll see why its the right answer.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 523
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
Here you have the same figure, three squares, then one to the right.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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The squares are much larger, but they are in the same corresponding
9
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9
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proportion. Choice (D) is correct.
9
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9
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9
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16.
C
The
figure
is
a
square
since
the
side
lengths
are
all
equal
and
all
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angles are ninety degrees (if you dont see this, rotate the figure ninety
9
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9
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degrees).
To
find
the
side
length,
its
Pythagoras
time,
but
you
get
a
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
shortcut
since
you
have
a
special
triangle.
Each
side
length
is
the
9
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9
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hypotenuse of a 45-45-90 triangle whose equal sides are of length one.
9
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9
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2.
Put
this
into
the
So
the
hypotenuse/side
length
of
the
square
is
=
9
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9
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area of a square formula and youll find answer (C):
9
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9
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2
9
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A5s
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2
9
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A 5 ~=2!
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9
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A52
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17. B First, make sure you understand what all those words mean. You have
9
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eight numbers that are integers, and are also even, and when you add
9
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9
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them
up,
they
sum
to
50.
Furthermore,
only
two
of
the
eight
integers
9
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9
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can be the same value. In other words, there are never three integers
9
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9
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that
are
the
same.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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To find the greatest possible integer in the set, first make all the other
9
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9
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integers
as
least
as
possible.
The
set
could
be
2,
2,
4,
4,
6,
6,
8,
x.
This
9
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9
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would maximize x. Now solve:
9
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9
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2 1 2 1 4 1 4 1 6 1 6 1 8 1 x 5 50
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9
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9
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32 1 x 5 50
9
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9
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32
2
32
1
x
5
50
2
32
9
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9
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x 5 18
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This is choice (B).
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9
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9
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You can also start with the greatet numerical answer choice and then
9
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see
if
it
works,
but
this
will
take
more
time
than
setting
up
a
formula.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
524 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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18. E Time to sketch! Heres one where two of the triangles vertices coincide
9
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9
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with
two
of
the
squares
corners.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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You could also have AB run along DE. In fact, using AB you could put
9
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9
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the triangle in the square four different ways (along DF, DE, EG, GF).
9
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9
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BC,
you
could
put
the
triangle
in
the
square
four
different
ways
Using
9
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9
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also. The same is true for AC. That is a total of 12 different ways that
9
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9
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the
triangle
could
be
placed
in
the
square
such
that
two
angles
of
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
triangle
coincided
with
two
corners
of
the
square.
It
means
that
(E)
is
9
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9
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the answer.
9
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19. D You only know the distances between these points. You dont know
9
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9
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their orientation in relation to each other. If T is on a line between
9
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9
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G and S, then G and T are 4 away from each other (9 2 5 5 4). That is
9
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9
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the
closest
that
they
could
be
to
each
other.
But
if
T
is
on
a
line
with
9
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9
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S and G, and S is between G and T, then they are 14 away from each
9
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9
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other
(9
1
5
5
14).
This
is
the
farthest
that
they
could
be
from
each
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9
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other. Therefore I is not possible, but II and III are. Choice (D) is
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the
answer.
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9
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20. C If you connect A, B, and C, you have an equilateral triangle with a side
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9
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BD
cuts
the
triangle
into
two
30-60-90
triangles.
This
length
of
six.
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9
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means that AD 5 3because of the relationship between the sides of a
9
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9
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30-60-90 triangleand so BD 5 3=3, choice (C).
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21. E This problem has many steps, which is why its number 21. First, ask
9
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9
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yourself, What point on the fan travels the greatest distance through
9
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9
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one
revolution?
The
answer
is
the
point
on
the
corner
tip
of
the
fan
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9
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blade, as it is the farthest from the axis of rotation. In going through
9
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9
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one
revolution,
this
point
describes
a
circle
because
it
rotates
about
a
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9
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fixed point with a constant radius.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 525
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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To find out how far this point travels, you need to determine the radius
9
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9
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of
this
circle.
This
can
be
done
with
some
help
from
the
triangle
shape
9
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9
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at the top of the fan. The dashed lines through the two sides show that
9
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9
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these
sides
are
congruent.
Combine
this
with
the
right
angle,
and
you
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9
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have a 45-45-90 right triangle with two sides of length 4. The
9
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9
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hypotenuse of this triangle will be 4=2, and this length will also be
9
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9
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the diameter of the circle.
9
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9
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Therefore, in one rotation that point travels the circumference of the
9
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9
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circle
it
describes:
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9
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C 5 pd 5 4=2p
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9
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But theres more! In 30 seconds, the fan can do 300 revolutions. You
9
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9
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know this because the problem states that maximum blade speed is 100
9
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9
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revolutions in 10 seconds, and you can multiply both of these numbers
9
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9
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by 3 to get 300 revolutions in 30 seconds. This means that the farthest
9
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9
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the point could travel would be:
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300 3 4=2p 5 1200=2
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Choice (E).
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Section 6
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1. D The passage reads, As he matured, however, Remington turned his
9
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attention away from illustration, concentrating instead on painting and
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sculpture.
(lines
59)
So
the
passage
links
Remingtons
concentration
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9
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upon painting and sculpture as key for his maturation. Eliminate (A).
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However,
the
rest
of
the
passage
focuses
on
his
paintings,
so
the
answer
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9
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cant just be sculpture. Eliminate (B). We know he paints nocturnal
9
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9
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scenes,
so
eliminate
(E)
(this
answer
isnt
specific
enough).
He
is
a
great
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
artist
of
the
American
West,
painting
before
there
were
any
big
cities
in
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9
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the West. The passage also implies that he paints natural scenes. The
9
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9
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best
answer
is
(D).
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9
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2. C Go back to the passage. In the same sentence with vindicates is claim to
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9
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the status of literature. This phrase indicates that literature has more
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status than fiction. You can confirm this hunch in the next sentence,
9
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too. It says a work clearly rises to the auspicious status of literature.
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Again, the emphasis is on the loftiness of literature. Choice (C) best
9
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captures this sense.
9
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9
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9
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526 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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3. C The passage states that the test of time method, by definition excludes
9
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9
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contemporary
works
from
consideration.
Choice
(C)
is
a
reasonable
9
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9
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paraphrase.
9
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4.
E
There
is
only
one
topic
that
the
paragraph
mentions
twice
in
relation
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the exploration of Mars: detection of life. So this topic is the best
9
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9
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candidate
for
what
the
paragraph
most
emphasizes
as
the
motivation
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9
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for the Mars exploration. The paragraph also concludes with this point.
9
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Choice (E) is the answer.
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9
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5. B Does the author of Passage 1 criticize the English system? He says it is
9
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quirky, but he does not outright criticize it. That eliminates (D) and (E).
9
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9
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The author does not strongly praise the system either. That eliminates
9
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9
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(A).
The
author
is
also
not
neutral
toward
it
(he
argues
that
it
is
part
of
9
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9
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the inheritance of the English-speaking world). That eliminates (C).
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9
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Choice
(B),
qualified
acceptance,
sounds
about
right
since
the
author
9
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9
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does accept the system but still points out its quirkiness.
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6.
D
What
is
Henry
Is
role
in
the
passage?
Not
simply
to
demonstrate
that
9
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9
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the monarchy was involved in the development of the English system.
9
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9
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Eliminate
(B).
The
story
of
Henry
I
is
definitely
not
included
to
suggest
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
practicality
of
the
English
system,
since
that
is
contrary
to
the
basic
9
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9
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thesis of the passage. Eliminate (E). The basic point of the passage is to
9
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9
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argue that the English system developed arbitrarily over time. Choice
9
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9
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(D) sounds like a good answer. (A) isnt right, since the author says the
9
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9
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anecdote is surprisingly true. Answer (C) is off base, because the
9
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passage isnt simply interested in the length, but also the quality, of the
9
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9
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English systems history. Choice (D) is correct.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. C Earthy in context must mean something slightly better than ridiculous,
9
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9
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because it is used in the discussion of the arbitrary nature of the English
9
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9
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system.
Choice
(C)
is
the
best
answer.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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8. E Go back to the phrase in the passage. It talks about one system
9
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9
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developing
in
Rome
and
another
in
medieval
Europe.
They
reconciled
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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the two by making an estimate of one (the mile) that is an even number
9
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9
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of the other (furlongs). Is that synonymous with determining which one
9
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9
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is accurate? No. Eliminate choice (A). With developing a more accurate
9
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9
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system? No. (B) is out. Settling the publics disagreement? Possibly.
9
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Hang on to (C). Finding a metric equivalent? Definitely not, so
9
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9
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eliminate (D). Ceasing to use two different systems? Definitely. Between
9
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9
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definitely (E)and possibly (C), pick definitely. The answer is (E).
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 527
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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9
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9. B Again, use your knowledge of the main idea to help guide you. You can
9
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9
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therefore
eliminate
(A)
and
(E).
Does
the
English
system
continue
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
evolve? Use common senseno. You are left with (B) and (C). The
9
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9
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passage
specifically
mentions
a
variety
of
sources.
(B)
is
the
best
answer.
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9
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(C) is less good because it emphasizes the length of history instead of
9
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9
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the quality of that history.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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10. A Youve established that the history of the English system is long and
9
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9
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colorful. In the second passage, the author is also interested in history.
9
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9
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So she/he would probably not happily agree that that history is less
9
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9
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interesting. But there are dates in both passages. The English system
9
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9
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goes back to the sixteenth century. Even if you forget thats actually the
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9
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1500s, you still know its before 1840. So the history is factually
9
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shorter. That makes the answer (A).
9
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9
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9
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11.
D
Go
back
to
the
reference
to
the
French
Revolution
in
the
passage.
The
9
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9
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author specifically mentions its anti-traditionalist bent. So (D) looks
9
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9
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good.
She/he
doesnt
go
so
far
as
to
indicate
that
the
greatest
9
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9
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accomplishment
of
the
French
Revolution
was
the
metric
system.
9
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9
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Eliminate (A). The author indicates that the metric system was in
9
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9
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keeping
with
the
rest
of
the
revolutionary
thinking.
So
eliminate
(B).
9
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9
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Theres no mention of the revolutionary calendar in the passage.
9
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9
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Eliminate
(C).
(E)
is
the
only
tricky
wrong
answer.
The
passage
says
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
metric
system
wasnt
adopted
in
France
until
1840,
but
it
doesnt
say
it
9
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9
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wasnt fully invented before then. The answer is (D).
9
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9
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12. C In the sentence in question, you find that it has been called, or dubbed,
9
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9
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voluntary and preferred. The implication is these are some sort of
9
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9
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official designation, but they specifically are not required. Choice (C)
9
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9
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sounds
like
a
reasonable,
noncommittal
paraphrase.
Eliminate
(D).
9
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9
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These words also dont suggest any pending official adoption.
9
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9
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Eliminate
(B).
(A)
overstates
the
case
in
the
other
direction:
the
view
of
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9
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the metric system reflected in the sentence in the passage is favorable.
9
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9
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(E)
overstates
how
favorablethe
words
in
the
passage
are
warm
but
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
dont suggest superiority. The answer is (C).
9
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9
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9
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13.
E
Refined
in
the
passage
is
synonymous
with
recalculated.
The
passage
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
doesnt say whether its to make the meter smaller or bigger. That only
9
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9
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leaves (E).
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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528 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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14. B There is no indication of any ideological shift motivating the 1983
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
move.
That
eliminates
(A),
(C),
and
(E).
Which
is
more
logical:
new
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
calculations of the Earths circumference or new ways to calculate
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fractions?
The
former,
especially
where
the
speed
of
light
is
involved.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The answer is (B).
9
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9
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9
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15.
A
As
soon
as
you
find
an
answer
that
isnt
addressed
in
one
passage,
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
youre done. Do both passages mention kings who were ruling at the
9
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9
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time of their invention? No. Passage 2 talks about the French
9
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9
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Revolution, which overthrew the king; it only mentions a king in
9
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9
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regards to the English system. Choice (A) is the answer.
9
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9
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16. A Which of the answers is something that the author of Passage 2 would
9
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9
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agree
with
but
does
not
explicitly
state?
Which
is
most
plausible?
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Choice (A) is the most reasonable answer on its face. You can find
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
evidence
for
it
when
the
author
says
It
is
the
great
asset
of
the
metric
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
system, at least for scientists, that units for measuring weight and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
energy
are
also
derived
from
the
basic
unit
of
the
meter
and
The
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
adoption
of
the
metric
system,
also
known
as
the
international
system,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or S.I., coincided with great advances in science.
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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Section 7
9
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9
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1.
There
is
nothing
fancy
about
this
problem.
Substitute
and
solve
for
x.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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2y 5 12
9
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9
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y
5
6
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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x
1
x
5
y
2
=
=
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2=x 1 =x 5 6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3=x 5 6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
=x 5 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x54
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. The first five even integers are 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Rev up that calculator start
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
multiplying.
The
answer
is
3,840.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. If the probability that a senior would be picked is three-eighths, then seniors
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are
three-eighths
of
the
entire
student
body.
Since
Rider
High
has
400
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
students, the equation would be:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3 1200
9
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400
3
5
5
150
9
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8
8
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 529
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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4. The volume of any rectangular solid is the length times the width times the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
height.
The
figure
tells
us
the
width
and
the
height,
and
you
can
determine
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the length from what you know about the area of the shaded side. Start with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
area
of
a
rectangle
formula
and
you
can
find
the
length:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A5l3h
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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24 5 4 3 l
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
65l
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Place this length of 6 into the volume formula for the box:
9
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9
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V 5 l 3 h 3 w 5 3 3 4 3 6 5 72
9
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9
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9
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5.
First
use
the
area
of
a
circle
formula
to
determine
the
radius.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A 5 pr2
9
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9
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2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16p 5 pr
9
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2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16p pr
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
p
p
9
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9
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16 5 r2
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
45r
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The diameter of a circle is twice the radius, so the diameter is 8.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6.
There
are
some
fancier
ways
to
solve
this
problem,
but
the
surest
way
is
to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
count up the options. She could have:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1.
No
toppings.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. Just a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. Just p
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4. Just r
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5. a and p
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6. a and r
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. p and r
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8. All the toppings.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
That is a total of 8. Sure, theres a fancier math way of handling this
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem, but since you have the right answer, what does it matter? Is your
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
SAT
score
in
any
way
determined
by
whether
you
used
the
fancy
method
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or not?
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
530 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. If x is the sum of the five numbers, you know:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sum
9
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9
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5 Average
9
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number of items
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9
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x
9
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5 16
9
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5
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5
5
16
~ !5
~ !
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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x 5 80
9
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9
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Make y the number taken away from the set y. You know that 80 minus y is
9
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9
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the new sum, and that the new average is 14. With this information you can
9
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9
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solve
for
y
using
the
equation:
9
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9
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9
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80 2 y
9
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9
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5 14
9
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4
9
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9
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80
2
y
9
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4
4
5
14
~
!
~
!
9
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4
9
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9
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80 2 y 5 56
9
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9
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9
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80 2 56 2 y 5 56 2 56
9
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9
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24 2 y 5 0
9
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9
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24
5
y
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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8. Since the triangle is a right triangle, you can use the Pythagorean theorem to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
determine
the
third
side
of
the
triangle:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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c2 5 a2 1 b2
9
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9
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2
100
5
64
1
b
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9
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9
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36 5 b2
9
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9
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b
5
6
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
If 6 is the length of one side of the square, the area of the square is the square
9
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9
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of that, 36.
9
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9
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9. You need to remember the right formula for this one. At least you know that
9
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9
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since you cant grid in negative numbers, the slope must be positive. Heres
9
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9
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the
rise
over
run
calculation:
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rise y1 2 y2 22 2 1 23 3
9
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5
slope 5
5
5
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
run
x
2
x
21
2
3
24
4
9
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1
2
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 531
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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10. If you work backward from what you know, this problem contains no
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
difficult
steps.
If
Bo
is
15
and
Gina
is
five
years
younger
than
he,
then
Gina
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is 10. And if Gina is 10 and Susan is three times the age of Gina, then Susan
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is
30.
And
if
Susan
is
30
and
Tom
is
twelve
years
older
than
Susan,
then
Tom
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is 42. Theres your answer, 42.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11.
This
one
tries
to
intimidate
you
with
a
new
symbol
and
a
complicated
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
definition. By now, this sort of attempted distraction should not even faze
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you, as you are well aware that everything you need to know about the new
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
symbol is right in front of you.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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The phrase greatest prime divisor means the greatest number that is prime and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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also divides the original number. So the greatest prime divisor of 15 is 5 since
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
no
prime
numbers
greater
than
5
evenly
divide
into
15.
As
for
12,
the
greatest
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
prime divisor is 3. This means (15*)(12*) 5 (5)(3) 5 15.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12. The graph might look messy, but you only need to pick out the five
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y-intercepts and add them up.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Line
1:
at
(0,
2)
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Line 2: at (0, 1)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Lines 3 and 4: at (0, 0)
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Line 5: at (0, 21)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Adding up these five y-values gives you: 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 5 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13. The problem says that the numbers are distinct, so none of the four numbers
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
are
the
same.
Thats
your
first
clue.
Since
the
sum
of
the
four
numbers
is
26,
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
numbers
in
the
sum
must
be
less
than
21.
Heres
a
Rogues
Gallery
List
of
all
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the less prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19. To find the greatest
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
possible
integer
in
the
set,
first
make
all
the
other
integers
as
least
as
possible.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The set could be 2, 3, 5, x. This would maximize x. Now solve:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2 1 31 51 x 5 21
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10 1 x 5 21
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10 2 10 1 x 5 21 2 10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 11, also prime.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
must
be
the
answer.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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Section
8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As
you
might
expect,
answers
will
vary.
If
possible,
politely
ask
a
teacher,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fellow student, or some other person knowledgeable about formal essay
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
writing
to
review
your
essay
and
provide
feedback
on
ways
in
which
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
essay is commendable and on areas where it could be improved.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
532 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

Scoring Worksheet

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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
MATH
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7
12
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12
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7
12
Number
Number
Raw
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Correct
Incorrect
5
Score
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
7
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2 (.25 3
) 5
Section 2
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7
12
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12
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12
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7
12
Section 5
2 (.25 3
) 5
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
Section 7
2 (.25 3
) 5
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
CRITICAL READING
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7
12
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12
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7
12
Sections
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
1, 4, and 6
2 (.25 3
) 5
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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7
12
WRITING
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7
12
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12
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7
12
Section 3
2 (.25 3
) 5
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7
12
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12
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12
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7
12
Section 8 Go to www.petersons.com/satessayedge/
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for instant online scoring and feedback.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

Scoring Worksheet

533

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
MATH
CRITICAL READING
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Raw
Math
Scaled
Raw
Math
Scaled
Raw
Verbal
Scaled
Raw
Verbal
Scaled
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
78
800
37
510
60
800
28
500
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
77
800
36
510
59
800
27
490
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
76
800
35
500
58
790
26
490
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
75
790
34
500
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
57
770
25
480
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
74
780
33
490
56
760
24
470
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
73
770
32
490
55
740
23
460
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
72
760
31
480
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
54
720
22
460
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
71
750
30
480
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
53
710
21
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
70
740
29
470
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
52
700
20
440
7
69
730
28
460
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
51
690
19
430
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
68
720
27
460
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
50
680
18
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
67
710
26
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
49
670
17
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
66
700
25
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
48
660
16
410
65
700
24
440
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
47
650
15
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
64
690
23
440
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
46
640
14
400
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
63
680
22
430
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
45
630
13
390
62
670
21
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
44
620
12
380
61
670
20
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
43
610
11
370
60
660
19
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
42
600
10
360
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
59
650
18
400
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
41
600
9
350
58
640
17
390
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
57
640
16
380
40
590
8
340
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
56
630
15
380
39
580
7
330
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
55
620
14
370
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
38
570
6
320
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
54
610
13
360
37
560
5
310
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
53
610
12
360
36
560
4
300
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
52
600
11
350
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
35
550
3
280
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
51
600
10
340
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34
540
2
270
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
50
590
9
330
33
540
1
250
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
49
590
8
320
32
530
0
240
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
48
580
7
310
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
31
520
21
220
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
47
570
6
300
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
30
510
22
210
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
46
570
5
290
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
29
510
23 and
200
45
560
4
270
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
below
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
44
550
3
260
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
43
550
2
250
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
42
540
1
240
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
41
540
0
230
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
40
530
21
220
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
39
520
22
210
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
38
520
23
and
200
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
below
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

Score Charts

534

Answer Sheets

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

12

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
O

E
O

11

A
O

E
O

19

A
O

E
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

28

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

29

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

15

A
O

23

A
O

E
O

30

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

22

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

23

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

24

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

11

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

18

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

25

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

26

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

27

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

17

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

18

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

E
O

A
O

E
O

14

A
O

E
O

19

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

20

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

21

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

SECTION

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

E
O

535

B
O

B
O

B
O

B
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

C
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

D
O

Answer Sheets

SECTION

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

13

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

10

A
O

B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O

14

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

11

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

15

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

12

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

16

A
B
D
E
C
O
O
O
O
O

SECTION

For Questions 113:

Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored.
You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.

10

11

12

13

536

www.petersons.com

Practice Test

3
Section 1
16 Questions j Time20 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied. You will not have to use
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
outside
knowledge
to
answer
the
questionsall
the
material
you
will
need
will
be
in
the
passage
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
itself. In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
their relationship to one another. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Questions 14 are based on the following
future, but these small cars provide a way 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
passages.
for conservation-conscious consumers to 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
do
something
for
the
environment.
Auto
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The following two passages represent two views
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
makers see another benefit to the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of the value of hybrid cars, cars that are powered
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
development process for hybrids. The
by gasoline and by electricity depending on
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
technology that has gone into creating
whether
they
are
in
traffic
or
on
the
open
road.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and refining the dual-powered hybrid
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
will help with the longer term develop34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Passage
1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
ment
of
cars
powered
by
hydrogen
fuel
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Line Advocates of hybrids believe that they
cells.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
offer
the
best
short-term
solution
to
some
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
long-term problems. By combining a
Passage 2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
regular gasoline-powered engine with an
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Opponents
of
hybrids
believe
that
auto
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(5)
electric engine, hybrids cut down on gas
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
makers should be focusing on a longer
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
consumption and decrease the pollution
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
term solution. They believe that either
caused by gasoline engines. These cars
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
hydrogen fuel cells or diesel fuel or both 7
help
auto
makers
meet
government
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
are better alternatives than hybrids. The 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
regulations for fuel efficiency and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
cost of hybrids is higher than comparably 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
emissions
controls.
Auto
makers
do
not
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sized gasoline-powered cars, forcing
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
think that hybrids are the answer for the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
consumers who want green cars to pay 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
537

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(30)
anywhere from $2,500 to $4,000 more.
3. In Passage 2, green cars (line 29)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Opponents say that the higher sticker
probably refers to the fact that the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
price means lower demand and less
(A) technology is new and relatively
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
likelihood of automobile companies
untested over a long period of time.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
making their development dollars back.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
technology
is
experimental.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(35)
Naysayers
point
to
Europe
as
an
example
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) cars are environmentally friendly.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of lack of demand. Gasoline prices are
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
opponents
are
jealous
because
they
did
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
much
higher
there
than
in
the
United
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
not
come
up
with
the
technology
first.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
States, but no mass movement from
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) cars are expensive.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
gasoline-powered
cars
to
hybrids
has
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(40)
occurred.
7
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4. In contrast to Passage 1, the writer of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Passage 2 uses
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. According to Passage 1, hybrids are
(A) jargon.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
beneficial for all of the following reasons
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) a dismissive attitude toward the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
EXCEPT they
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
arguments
of
the
other
side.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) decrease gas consumption.
(C) a straightforward, direct style.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
provide
information
for
the
develop(D)
examples
to
support
the
argument.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ment
of
hydrogen
fuel
cells.
(E)
complex
sentence
structures.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) decrease pollution.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
provide
an
alternative
for
car
buyers
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Questions 516 are based on the following
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
who want to protect the environment.
passages
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
add
to
the
profit
margin
for
auto
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Achilles,
the
Greek
hero,
and
Cuchulain,
the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
makers.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Champion of Ireland, achieved mythical status 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
because
of
their
acts
of
courage.
The
following
2. The lack of demand discussed in Passage 2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
passages
compare
the
two
heroes
and
their
is
said
to
result
from
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
heroic feats.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
the
lack
of
fuel
efficiency
of
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
hybrids.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Passage 1Achilles, Defender of Honor
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) the higher price of hybrids.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Line When Achilles heard that his friend
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
buyers
waiting
for
the
alternatives
to
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Patroclus
had
been
killed
in
battle,
he
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
hybrids to come on the market.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
became
so
despondent
that
his
friends
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
the
high
price
of
gas.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
feared
he
might
end
his
own
life.
When
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) a general lack of interest in conserv7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(5)
word
of
his
complete
and
agonizing
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ing gasoline.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
distress
reached
his
mother,
Thetis,
in
the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
depths of the ocean where she resided,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
she raced to his side. She found him in a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
highly
distraught
state,
feeling
guilty
that
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
he, in some way, might have been
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
responsible
for
his
friends
demise.
His
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
only consolation were thoughts of
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
revenge for which he needed the help of
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
538 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Hector. However, his mother reminded
Passage 2Cuchulain, Champion of Ireland
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
him that he was without armor, having
Line In days of yore, the men of Ulster sought 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
lost his recently in battle. His mother,
to choose a champion. They enlisted the 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
however, promised him that she would
help of Curoi of Kerry, a wise man, to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
procure for him a suit of armor from
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
help
them
reach
their
decision.
Three
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Vulcan
far
superior
to
the
one
he
had
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(5)
brave men, Laegire, Connall Cearnach,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(20)
lost. Achilles agreed and Thetis immedi34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and
Cuchulain
indicated
that
they
wished
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ately
repaired
to
Vulcans
palace.
Thetis
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to
be
considered.
Each
was
told
that
he
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
found Vulcan busy at his forge making
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
would have to meet the challenge of a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
magical
tripods
that
moved
forward
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
terrible
stranger.
When
the
stranger
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
when
they
were
wanted,
and
retreated
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(10)
arrived, all were in awe of him. Behold 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(25)
when dismissed. Vulcan immediately
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
my
axe,
the
stranger
said.
My
chal7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
honored
Thetiss
request
for
a
set
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
lenge
is
this.
Whoever
will
take
the
axe
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
armor for her son, and ceasing his own
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
today may cut my head off with it,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
work,
hastened
to
meet
her
demands.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
provided that I may, in like manner, cut
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Vulcan
created
a
magnificent
suit
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
off his head tomorrow. If you have no
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(30)
armor for Achilles. The shield was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
champions who dare face me, I will say
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
adorned with elaborate ornaments. The
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
that the men of Ulster have lost their
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
helmet had a gold crest, and the body of
courage and should be ashamed.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the armor was perfectly suited to his
Laegire was the first to accept the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
body and of the very finest workman12
(20)
challenge.
The
giant
laid
his
head
on
a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(35)
ship. The armor was completed in one
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
block. With one blow the hero severed it 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
night. When Thetis received it, she
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
from the body. Thereupon the giant
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
descended
to
earth,
and
laid
it
down
at
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
arose, took the head and the axe, and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Achilles feet at the first dawn of day.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
headless,
walked
slowly
from
the
hall.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Seeing
the
armor
brought
the
first
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(25)
The
following
night
the
giant
returned,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(40)
signs of life to Achilles that he had felt
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
sound as ever, to claim the fulfillment of 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
since the death of his friend Patroclus.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Laegires
promise.
However,
Laegire
did
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
armor
was
so
splendid
that
Achilles
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
not come forward. The stranger scoffed
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
was stunned at the sight of it. Achilles
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
at
the
men
of
Ulster
because
their
great
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
went
into
battle
with
his
new
armor,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(30)
champion
showed
no
courage.
He
could
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(45)
consumed with rage and thirst for
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
not face the blow he should receive in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
vengeance
that
made
him
an
unbeatable
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
return for the one he gave.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
foe. The bravest warriors fled from him
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The men from Ulster were sorely
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
or were killed by his lance.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
ashamed, but Conall Cearnach, the
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(35)
second aspiring champion, made another 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
pact with the stranger. He, too, gave a
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
blow which beheaded the giant. But
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
again,
when
the
giant
returned
whole
and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sound on the following evening, the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(40)
champion
was
not
there.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 539
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Now it was the turn of Cuchulain,
taken on the form of the giant to test the 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
who as the others had done, cut off the
(85)
champions. He was now there to give his 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
giants head at one stroke. The next day
decision.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
everyone watched Cuchulain to see what
Rise up, Cuchulain, said Curoi.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(45)
he would do. They would not have been
There is none among all the heroes of
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
surprised
if
he
had
not
appeared.
This
Ulster
to
equal
you
in
courage
and
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(90)
champion, however, was there. He was
loyalty and truth. The Championship is
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
not
going
to
disgrace
Ulster.
Instead,
he
yours.
Thereupon
Curoi
vanished.
The
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sat with great sadness in his place. Do
assembled warriors gathered around
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(50)
not
leave
this
place
till
all
is
over,
he
Cuchulain,
and
all
with
one
voice
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
said to his king. Death is coming to me
acclaimed him the champion.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
soon, but I must honor my promise, for I
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
would
rather
die
than
break
my
word.
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
5. The word despondent in Passage 1 (line 3) 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
At the end of the day the giant
means
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(55)
appeared.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
very
depressed.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Where
is
Cuchulain?
he
cried.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
in
need
of
food.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Here I am, answered Cuchulain.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
angry.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Cuchulain, your speech is morose,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
embarrassed.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and the fear of death is obviously
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) belligerent.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(60)
foremost in your thoughts, but at least
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
you have honored your promise.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6. Achilles feelings of guilt were related to
Cuchulain went towards the giant, as
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
he stood with his great axe ready, and
(A) the loss of his armor.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
knelt
to
receive
the
blow.
(B)
the
loss
of
his
last
battle.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(65)
The would-be champion of Ulster
(C) his estrangement from his mother.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
laid
his
head
on
the
block.
(D)
the
death
of
his
friend.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
When the giant did not immediately use
(E) his relationship with Vulcan.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
his
axe,
Cuchulain
said,
Slay
me
now
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7.
In
line
21,
the
word
repaired
means
with
haste,
for
I
did
not
keep
you
waiting
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(70)
last night.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) glazed.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
stranger
raised
his
axe
so
high
(B) retired.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that it crashed upwards through the
(C) replenished.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rafters
of
the
hall,
like
the
crash
of
trees
(D) returned.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
falling in a storm. When the axe came
(E)
untouched.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(75)
down with a sound that shook the room,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
all men looked fearfully at Cuchulain.
8.
Although
not
stated
directly
in
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
But to the surprise of all, the descending
passage, it is obvious that Vulcan
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
axe had not even touched him; it had
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) blames Achilles for his friends death. 7
come down with the blunt side on the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(80)
(B) is a lower-level god.
ground, and Cuchulain knelt there
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) is extremely powerful.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
unharmed. Smiling at him and leaning on
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) loves Thetis.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
his
axe,
stood
no
terrible
and
hideous
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) does not wish to help Achilles.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
stranger, but Curoi of Kerry, who had
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
540 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
9. Achilles feeling as he went into battle can
14. Cuchulain appeared as promised to meet
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
best be described as
the giant because he
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) guilty.
(A) was afraid.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) nervous.
(B) knew the giant would not kill him.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
confident.
(C)
knew
the
giant
was
Curoi.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) depressed.
(D) did not wish to fail his king.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
arrogant.
(E)
gave
his
word.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
10. According to Passage 2, when the men of
15. In line 58, the word morose most nearly
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Ulster wished to select a champion they
means
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
enlisted the help of
(A) serious and somber.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) Curoi.
(B) riotous and humorous.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
the
king.
(C)
indifferent
and
detached.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) Laegire.
(D) informed and knowledgeable.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
Connall.
(E)
satisfied.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) Cearnach.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
16.
Cuchulain
is
sometimes
called
the
Irish
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
11. The challenge that the would-be champion
Achilles, probably because of his
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
had to meet involved
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) honesty.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(A) fighting a giant with an axe.
12
(B) bravery.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) beheading a giant.
(C) strength.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) wisdom.
(C) competing against other men of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
intelligence.
Ulster.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) winning a match with the king.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
fighting
Curoi
of
Kerry.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Questions
1720
are
based
on
the
following
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
passage.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12.
According
to
the
passage,
the
giant
was
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
This passage is adapted from The Myth of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
unusual
because
he
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Culture by Jo Lynn Southard, J.D., LL.M.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) was so tall.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Line
Oppression
of
women
is
embedded
in
(B) was so huge.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
most, if not all, societies, its message
(C) defeated all his opponents.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
usually
couched
in
terms
of
the
protec(D) remained alive while headless.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
tion
and
promotion
of
traditional
(E)
had
three
eyes.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(5)
cultural practices. These practices are
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
presented
as
natural
and
unremarkable,
13.
The
word
sorely
(line
37)
means
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
inherently beneficial to society by virtue
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) feverishly.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
simply
of
their
connection
with
the
past,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) utterly.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
with tradition. The call to preserve
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) angrily.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
traditional cultural practices can wield
(D) bitterly.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
enormous power, and it can be easily
(E) pitifully.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
manipulated by those in power.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 541
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
In 1963, in the United States, Betty
membership in a particular social or
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Friedan wrote of what she called the
political group. While all women fit into
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(15)
feminine mystique, which referred to
one or more of those groups, by defini7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the tradition (at that time pretty much
tion these human rights abuses cannot be 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
unexaminedin fact, Friedan called it
(60)
said to be committed against women
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
problem
that
has
no
name)that
because
of
their
gender,
but
rather
are
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
being a wife and mother was a womans
committed against all people. Human
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(20)
highest
and
only
calling.
It
is
a
message
rights
abuses
against
women
as
women
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
still alive today, one that dies hard and
(from denial of basic education or the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(65)
severely
limits
womens
life
choices.
In
right
to
travel
up
to,
until
very
recently,
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
other cultures the message is much the
such heinous abuses as rape and mutila7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
same, sometimes going so far as to
tion) are pretty much ignored. In fact,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(25)
harshly
limit
what
a
woman
can
wear
in
even
the
Convention
on
the
Elimination
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
public, where she can travel, whether she
of All Forms of Discrimination Against
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(70)
can
receive
an
education,
whether
she
Women
did
not
mandate
the
inclusion
of
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
can work outside the home, and even
women in the process of implementing
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
whether she is to be allowed to learn to
the treaty. Decision-making, even when it 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(30)
read and write.
comes to decisions about ending their
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Time and again, in wars and revoluown oppression, is simply not viewed as
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(75)
tions, women are welcomed into the
a womans place. The decisions for
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
struggle for freedom from oppression,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ending discrimination under the treaty
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
only to be forced back into the private
were and are made, in the main, by those 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(35)
realm when freedom is attained. In the
who created and perpetuated the cultural 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
midst of a struggle or immediately after a
traditions that enabled discrimination
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(80)
change in power in a country, women are
and abuse to happen in the first place.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
told
that
their
particular
issues
must
wait
The
traditions
of
the
culture
into
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
while the more pressing, larger issues
which we are born have great influence
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(40)
are
addressed.
Meanwhile,
women
are
over
how
we
live
our
lives.
Traditionally,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
urged
to
return
to
the
home
to
fulfill
most,
if
not
all,
cultures
have
defined
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(85)
their traditional roles, one of which is to
themselves from the point of view of the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
replenish
a
population
decimated
by
the
males
in
power.
And
it
is
natural
for
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
struggle itself. As a result, womens
those who have powereven if they are
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(45)
issuesissues
that
affect
half
the
kindly
and
well-meaning
in
other
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
populationnever really become a
waysto want to keep that power.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(90)
priority.
Patriarchy is the general rule in the public 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
International human rights law itself
realm of government and religion, as well 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
does far too little to respond to the needs
as in the private realm of the home. All
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(50)
particular to women. Until very recently,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of us receive messages about how we are 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
virtually all precepts of international law
to fit into our worldsand, if we are
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(95)
ignored the concept of gender discriminawomen, the traditional fit may be in
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tion. Genocide, persecution, torture, and
serious need of alteration.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
refugee
status
are
still
mostly
defined
by
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(55)
race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, or
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
542 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
17. In the context of the passage, which of the
19. In the context of the passage, the phrase
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
following best explains Friedans term,
abuses against women as women
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the problem that has no name?
(line 63) most nearly means
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) In Friedans time, the problems
(A) sexual abuse.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
specific
to
wives
and
mothers
were
(B)
abuse
that
can
happen
to
both
men
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
kept secret.
and women.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
At
the
time
Friedan
wrote,
problems
(C)
domestic
abuse.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
specific to women were ridiculed, so
(D) abuse that, for the most part,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
women were embarrassed to speak
happens only to women.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of
them.
(E)
abuse
that
is
not
taken
seriously
by
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) At the time the phrase was coined,
men.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
problem
of
the
severe
limitations
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
20. Reference to the Convention on the
placed on womens lives was not
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Elimination
of
All
Forms
of
Discrimina34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
generally recognized.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
tion Against Women (lines 6870)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) In Friedans time, womens problems
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
primarily
serves
to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
were not spoken of for fear that the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
men in power would retaliate.
(A)
make
the
writing
style
of
the
essay
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) In Friedans time, women were more
more appealing.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
satisfied with their lot than they are
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(B) achieve better overall organization of 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
today and so did not speak out about
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ideas
in
the
essay.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
their
problems.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) provide a concrete example to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
support
the
main
point
of
the
essay.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
18.
What
is
the
meaning
of
the
phrase
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
cause
the
essay
to
seem
more
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
embedded in as it is used in the first
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
scholarly by appealing to authority.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
paragraph?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) end the essay on a more optimistic
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) An integral part of
note.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) An acknowledged part of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) A shameful part of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) Written into the laws of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) Kept a secret from
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 543
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 2
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Notes:
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2s
r
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2x
w
r
s
x
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
c
h
h
h b
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
w
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
s
2
b
3x
a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
A 5 pr
1
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
2
2
2
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
sum
of
the
measures
in
degrees
of
the
angles
of
a
triangle
is
180.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. 4 3 (7 1 1) 2 6 5
2. If angle a and obtuse angle b are supple7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
mentary angles, which of the following
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
statements
is
true?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
8
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 21
(A) a , b
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
23
(B)
a
.
b
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 26
(C) a 5 b
7
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7
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(D) a 5 180
7
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7
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(E) b 5 90
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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45

60

30

544

45

TEST 3
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12
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12
3. If x 1 3y 5 z, what is the value of y?
7. In the figure below, what is the value of a? 7
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7
12
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7
12
(A) 3(z 1 x)
7
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12
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7
12
~xz!
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7
12
(B)
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7
12
3
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7
12
1
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7
12
(C) ~z 2 x!
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7
12
3
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7
12
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7
12
~x 2 z!
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7
12
(D)
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7
12
3
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7
12
7
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(E) 23(z 2 x)
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12
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12
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7
12
4. What is the volume, in cubic inches, of a
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7
12
(A) 15
7
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rectangular
solid
of
length
8
inches
and
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7
12
(B) 20
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7
12
width 6 inches if its height is one half its
(C) 30
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7
12
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7
12
width?
(D) 45
7
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7
12
(E)
90
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7
12
(A) 120
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7
12
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7
12
(B)
144
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7
12
8.
What
%
of
5
is
90%
of
50?
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7
12
(C) 168
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12
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7
12
(D) 192
(A) 2.25
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7
12
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7
12
(E) 576
(B) 9
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12
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7
12
(C) 10
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7
12
5. What is the wall thickness, in inches, of a
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7
12
(D) 90
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7
12
tube
with
an
outer
diameter
of
.750
and
(E) 900
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7
12
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7
12
an inner diameter of .625?
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7
12
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7
12
9.
For
what
values
of
a
and
b
is
(a
3
b)
,
0?
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7
12
(A)
.0625
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7
12
(B) .125
(A) a 5 3, b 5 .0001
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7
12
7
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(C) .625
(B)
a
5
22,
b
5
2.0001
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12
7
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(D) .6875
(C) a 5 7, b 5 0
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7
12
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7
12
(E) .750
(D) a 5 21, b 5 219
7
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7
12
(E) a 5 22, b 5 3
7
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6.
A
pair
of
pants
sells
for
$6
more
than
75%
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of its price. What is the price of the pants?
10. How tall is a flag pole that casts a 60-foot 7
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7
12
7
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shadow
if
a
nearby
fence
post,
four
feet
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7
12
(A)
$12
7
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high,
casts
a
10-foot
shadow?
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7
12
(B) $18
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7
12
7
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(C)
$20
(A)
40
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12
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7
12
(D) $24
(B) 36
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7
12
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7
12
(E) $36
(C)
30
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12
7
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(D) 24
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7
12
7
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(E) 15
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7
12
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12
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12
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7 545
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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11. What is the value of
13. A womans coin purse contains 65 cents in 7
7
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7
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11 coins, all nickels and dimes. How
2
7
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y
z
3
7
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many coins are dimes?
9x
2
7
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2 11
7
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(A) 1
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
when x 5 21, y 5 1, z 5 2?
(B)
2
7
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7
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(C)
3
7
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25
7
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(A)
(D)
4
7
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11
7
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(E)
5
7
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1
7
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(B)
7
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11
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
14. What percent of two gallons is a quart?
7
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7
21
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(A) 12.5%
7
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(C)
7
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11
(B) 25%
7
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7
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27
(C)
50%
7
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(D)
7
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11
(D) 67%
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
75%
(E) 21
7
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7
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7
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7
1212.
15.
AC
and
BD
are
In
the
figure
below,
In
the
figure
below,
if
lines
l
and
l
are
1
2
7
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7
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chords
of
a
circle
that
intersect
at
point
E.
transects
l
and
l
at
an
parallel,
and
l
3
1
2
7
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7
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acute angle, which of the following
AD is the diameter. If the measure of arc
7
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7
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statements
is
FALSE?
(P,
Q,
R,
S,
T,
and
AB
5
40
and
mCED
5
60,
what
is
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
U are angles.)
the measure of CAD?
7
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7
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7
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B
7
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Q
7
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P
l1
7
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7
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R S
7
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E
C
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
A
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
T U
l2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
D
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
l
7
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3
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) P 5 S
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
P
5
Q
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) T 5 S
7
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(A) 60
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
T
5
P
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
45
7
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(E) R 5 Q
7
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(C) 30
7
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7
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(D)
40
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 15
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
546 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

DS D

TEST 3
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12
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12
16. A shopper obtains a 30% discount on the
20. If a 1 b 5 27 and 3c 2 a 5 0, what does 7
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7
12
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7
12
price of a chair and pays $420. How
c equal?
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7
12
much was the original price of the chair?
(A) 3a
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7
12
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7
12
(A) $126
(B) 27
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7
12
7
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(B)
$450
(C)
27
2
b
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12
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7
12
(C) $577
(D) 9 2 3b
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
$600
7
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b
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7
12
(E) 9 2
(E)
$1,400
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7
12
3
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7
12
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12
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17. In triangle ABC, mC 5 2mB, mA 5
21. If 0 a 3 and 5 b 8, what is the least 7
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7
12
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7
12
6mB. What is the measure of C?
16
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7
12
possible value of
?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
b 2a
(A) 5
7
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7
12
(B)
15
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7
12
(A) 0
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7
12
(C) 20
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7
12
(B) 2
7
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(D)
30
(C) 7
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7
12
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7
12
(E) 40
(D) 8
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7
12
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7
12
(E) 10
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7
12
a b is defined as ad 2 cb, then
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
If
18.
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7
12
c d
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7
12
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7
12
a b 1 a b 1 2cb 5
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7
12
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7
12
c
d
c
d
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12
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12
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7
12
(A) ad 2 cb
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7
12
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7
12
(B) 22cb
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12
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7
12
(C) 0
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7
12
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7
12
(D) 2ad
7
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(E) 24cb
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7
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7
12
19. If the base of a right triangle is 8=2 and
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the hypotenuse is 18, what is the area of
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12
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the triangle?
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7
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(A) 14
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12
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(B) 14=2
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(C) 56=2
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(D) 64
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(E) 64=2
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7
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
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7 547
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STOP

Section 3
30 Questions j Time35 Minutes
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7
12Identifying
Sentence Errors
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Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the
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correct answer.
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Notes:
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of the rules of English grammar, as well as
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word
usage,
word
choice,
and
idioms.
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2. Some sentences are correct, but others contain a single error. No sentence contains more
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than
one
error.
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3. Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence. Choose the
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letter underneath the error to indicate the part of the sentence that must be changed.
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4. If there is no error, pick answer choice (E).
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5.
There
will
be
no
change
in
any
parts
of
the
sentence
that
are
not
underlined.
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3.
Being
a
real
estate
agent
it
requires
passing
1.
She
poured
over
the
travel
brochure
as
if
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A
B
C
D
A
B
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she
had
never
seen
photographs
of
a
licensing
examination.
No
error
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C
E
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snowcapped mountains before. No error
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4.
These
oranges
taste
more
sweetly
than
any
D
E
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A
B
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2. At the heart of the New England town
others Ive ever tried. No error
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A
C
D
E
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was the common, a public pasture for the
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5.
In
applying
for
the
loan,
one
is
required
B
C
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citizens
sheep
and
cattle.
No
error
A
B
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7
to
supply
copies
of
your
federal
income
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D
E
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C
D
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tax
return.
No
error
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E
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548

TEST 3
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7
12
6. Coming from the rain forests, we
9. Everybody in the choir except for Meryl
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7
12
A
A
B
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never
dreamed
that
the
desert
could
be
and
I
had
sung
the
hymn
previously.
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7
12
B
C
C
D
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so
beautiful
.
No
error
No
error
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7
12
D
E
E
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7
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7. On the following day, the blizzard grew
10. She wrote that they had visited Chartres
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12
A
B
A
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12
even worst, surpassing all previous
and saw the cathedral there. No error
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7
12
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C
D
B
C
D
E
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7
12
records.
No
error
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7
12
E
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7
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7
12
8. All but seven passengers, three crewmen,
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7
12
A
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and
a
small
dog
was
lost
when
the
ship
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7
12
B
C
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sank
.
No
error
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7
12
D
E
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7
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 549
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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12Improving
Sentences
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Directions:
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of English grammar, word usage, word
7
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choice,
sentence
construction,
and
punctuation.
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2. Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined.
7
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3.
Any
errors
that
occur
will
be
found
in
the
underlined
portion
of
the
sentence.
If
you
7
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7
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believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake.
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Answer
choices
(B),
(C),
(D),
and
(E)
contain
alternative
phrasings
of
the
underlined
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portion. If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it.
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4. Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion. If you believe the underlined portion
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does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A).
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5. There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.
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11.
Noticing
how
close
the
other
car
was
to
12.
The
money
had
been
split
equally
between
7
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him,
his
hands
began
to
shake
and
he
the
four
gang
members.
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broke out in a sweat.
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(A) had been split equally between the
7
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(A) Noticing how close the other car was
four gang members
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to him,
(B) was split equally between the four
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(B) Noticing how closely the other car
gang members
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was following him,
(C) had been split into equal shares
7
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(C) When he noticed how close the other
between the four gang members
7
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car was to him,
(D) had been split equally among the
7
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(D) After noticing how close the other
four gang members
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car was to him,
(E) had been split equal by the four gang 7
7
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(E)
He
noticed
how
close
the
other
car
members
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7
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was near to him,
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13.
Hardcover
books
usually
last
longer
than
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paperbacks; of course, paperbacks usually 7
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7
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are less expensive to purchase.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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(A) than paperbacks; of course,
7
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7
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(B) then paperbacks of course,
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
then
paperbacks.
Of
course,
7
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7
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(D) than paperbacks, of course,
7
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7
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(E)
than
paperbacks,
of
course
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
550 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
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12
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7
12
14. In the six months since the truce was
18. Neither one of the twins has been inocu34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
lated against polio.
declared, several minor skirmishes
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7
12
occurring along the border.
(A) Neither one of the twins has been
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) several minor skirmishes occurring
(B) Neither one nor the other of the
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7
12
7
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along
the
border
twins
has
been
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) several minor skirmishes breaking
(C) Neither one or the other twin has
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
out
along
the
border
been
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) there have been several minor
(D) Neither one of the twins have been
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
skirmishes along the border.
(E) Neither one of the twins been
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
along
the
border
there
has
been
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
19. Not only reading in poor light but she
several minor skirmishes
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
warned
that
sitting
too
close
to
the
(E)
the
several
skirmishes
along
the
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
television can strain the eyes.
border have been minor
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) Not only reading in poor light but
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7
12
15. I have a fever of 101, so I have lain in
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
she
warned
that
sitting
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7
12
bed
all
day.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) Not only reading in poor light she
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
so
I
have
lain
warned,
but
sitting
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(B) so I laid
(C) She warned that not only reading in 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) but I lay
poor light but also sitting
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
so
I
have
laid
(D)
In
addition
to
reading
in
poor
light,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) but I lied
she warned that sitting
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
Not
only
reading
in
poor
light,
but
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
16. The desire for public acclaim and recogni34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
she also warned that sitting
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
tion is universal, yet it is rarely achieved.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
20. If I would have realized how much the
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7
12
(A)
yet
it
is
rarely
achieved
7
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music
disturbed
her,
I
would
have
turned
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) yet its rarely achieved
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the volume down.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
yet
it
is
rarely
satisfied
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) If I would have realized how much
(D) however it is rarely achieved
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) If I realize how much
(E) yet it is achieved rarely
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
Had
I
realized
how
much
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
17. The computer has the capability for
(D) When I realized how much
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
processing all the relevant data within a
12
(E)
If
I
would
have
realized
to
what
7
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half hour.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
extent
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7
12
(A) has the capability for processing
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
has
the
capacity
for
processing
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) has the capability in processing
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
can
process
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12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) processes
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7
12
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12
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12
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12
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7 551
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GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
12Improving
Paragraphs
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Directions:
7
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7
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7
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1. The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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2. The following passage is a rough draft of an essay. This rough draft contains various
7
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7
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errors.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3. Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow. Some questions will focus
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentences word choice,
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
word
usage,
or
overall
structure.
Other
questions
will
ask
about
the
paragraph
itself.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development.
7
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7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
4. Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and
7
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7
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paragraph writing.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
12(1)
Advocates of a student dress code maintain
21. Which of the following is the best way to
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12that
proper attire and proper behavior are
combine sentences (2) and (3)?
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7
12interrelated.
(2) If a student dresses correctly,
7
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(A) If you dress well, you will behave
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12they
will also behave correctly. (3) At least,
7
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well, at least so they say.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12thats
what is claimed.
7
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(B)
They
claim
that
if
a
student
dresses
7
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(4) I do not believe that this is a valid
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
correctly, they will also behave
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12assumption.
(5) I know many young people
7
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correctly.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12who
come
to
class
in
a
very
informal
fashion.
7
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(C) They claim that students who dress
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7
12(6)
They wear sweat suits or cut-off jeans.
7
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well
also
behave
well.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(7)
Sometimes
they
dress
so
sloppily
that
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
As
claimed
by
them,
correct
dress
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7
122teachers
or their peers make remarks to them.
7
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and correct behavior go hand-in34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(8)
And
yet
their
grades
are
quite
acceptable,
or
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
hand.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1often
even
more
than
acceptable.
(9)
I
feel
that
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) At least they claim that to dress
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7
12as
long as a person performs well academically,
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
correctly means you will behave
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122the
way
they
dress
should
be
of
no
concern
to
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
correctly.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12others.
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10) I suppose that one day psychologists
22. Which of the following best describes the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122will
conduct studies to test whether or not
chief
purpose
of
sentence
(4)?
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122attire
affects behavior. (11) If these studies
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12prove
(A)
To
change
the
opinion
of
the
reader
that poor attire results in poor behavior,
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122then
(B)
To
prepare
the
reader
for
a
second
school
administrators
will
be
justified
in
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12trying
point of view
to establish and enforce a dress code.
7
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7
12(12)
(C)
To
offer
an
illustration
or
example
But
until
that
day
comes,
dress
the
way
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122you
(D) To provide a partial summary
feel most comfortable.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) To help the reader evaluate para1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
graph one
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
552 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
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12
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7
12
23. Which of the following is the best way to
Questions 2630 are based on the following
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
combine sentences (5) and (6)?
passage.
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7
12
(A) I know many people who come to
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7
12
(1)
Many
early
fans
of
jazz
musician
Miles
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7
12
class dressed very informally in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Davis
became
aggravated
and
upset
as
they
7
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sweats or cut-off jeans.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
watched
their
hero
change
through
the
years.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) I know many students who dress
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(2) The change involved not only the type of
informally, they even wear sweat
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
music he played but the way he behaved
suits
or
cut-off
jeans.
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12
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7
12
on-stage.
(C) Many students I know come to class in
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7
12
(3)
Miles
Dewey
Davis
was
born
May
25,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sweats
or
jeans,
this
is
informal
dress.
7
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1926, in Alton, Illinois. (4) He grew up in East 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(D) Students come to class dressed in
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
St. Louis. (5) He was given his first trumpet at 7
sweats or other ways.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
age
of
13,
and,
in
1945,
enrolled
in
the
(E)
If
there
are
students
who
come
to
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7
12
Juilliard School of Music. (6) Once in New
class dressed informally, wearing
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
sweat suits or cut-off jeans.
York, Miles, in his own words, followed [jazz 7
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7
12
7
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great Charlie Parker] around down to 52nd
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7
12
24.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Street, every night. (7) New York night life
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
purpose of paragraph two?
was interesting to the young jazz musician. (8) 7
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12
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7
12
Hed write down Parkers chords and the next 7
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12
(A) To provide a transition
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12
day play them in the practice rooms at Juilliard, 7
(B) To continue the philosophy of the
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
instead
of
going
to
classes.
first paragraph
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7
12
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7
12
(9)
Miles
gradually,
however,
completely
(C)
To
summarize
the
material
previ34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
and finally broke away from the hard, aggresously offered
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
sive temperament of the former bebop tradi(D) To present material opposing that
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7
12
already presented
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7
12
tion. (10) He moved to a more subtle, cool,
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7
12
(E) To offer two diametrically opposing
sometimes even gentle, kind of jazz, character- 7
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12
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7
12
opinions
ized by his Birth of the Cool album in 194950. 7
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12
(11) Later works, such as Stella by Starlight, 7
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7
12
7
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25. Which of the following is the best revision
Round
About
Midnight,
his
Kind
of
Blue
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7
12
of the underlined portion of sentence (9)
7
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album
in
1959,
and
his
Sketches
of
Spain
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
below?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
album in 1960, continued to reveal a more
7
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7
12
gentle, open, and melodic musical style.
I
feel
that
as
long
as
a
person
performs
7
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(12) In his early days, Miless behavior was 7
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well academically, the way they dress
7
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reserved. (13) He avoided interviews where he
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7
12
should
be
of
no
concern
to
others.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
could
and
did
not
even
respond
to
applause,
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12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) how they dress should be of no
remaining off stage unless he was playing. (14) 7
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7
12
concern to others.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
By
the
late
1970s,
however,
when
he
had
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
the
way
they
dress
should
not
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
attained
what
some
have
termed
a
cult
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7
12
concern others.
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7
12
following of younger fans, he became more
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7
12
(C)
their
dress
should
be
of
no
concern
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7
12
unguarded in manner, smiling and shaking
7
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to others.
hands with fans nearest the stage, waving to the 7
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12
(D) what they wear or how they dress
7
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audience, and giving generous, genial inter34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
should
be
their
own
concern.
7
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views.
(15)
Even
the
way
he
behaved
in
public
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7
12
(E)
the
way
he
dresses
should
be
of
no
7
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changed
over
the
years.
7
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concern to others.
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7
12
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7 553
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
1226.
Logically, the final sentence should be
29. Which of the following sentences, if
7
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7
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placed before
added, would most logically conclude the
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
final paragraph?
(A) sentence 8.
7
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7
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(B) sentence 9.
(A) Even though Miless music departed
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
sentence
10.
from
its
traditions,
bebop
continued
7
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7
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(D) sentence 11.
to be a driving force in jazz and
7
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7
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(E)
sentence
12.
remains
so
to
this
day.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Charlie Parkers influence on Miles
7
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7
1227.
To improve unity, which of the following
Davis is emphasized in most of the
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sentences would be the best one to delete
biographies
Miless
life
has
inspired.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from the second paragraph?
(C) It was Miless father who bought
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
him
his
first
trumpet
and
who
(A) Sentence 3
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
enabled
him
to
attend
Juilliard.
(B)
Sentence
4
7
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7
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(D) In spite of the changes that upset
(C) Sentence 5
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
many of his early fans, Miles
(D)
Sentence
6
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
remained a formidable creative force 7
(E) Sentence 7
7
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7
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in jazz throughout his career.
7
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7
1228.
(E) Moving from East St. Louis to New
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
revision
7
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York
City
must
have
been
a
shock
to
7
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of Sentence 9?
7
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the young Miles.
7
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7
(A) As it is now
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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(B) Gradually, however, Miles broke
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
30. In the context of the passage, which of the 7
7
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away from the hard, aggressive
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
following
is
the
best
way
to
combine
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
temperament
of
the
bebop
tradition.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sentences 3 and 4?
7
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(C) Miles gradually broke away and
7
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7
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(A) Miles Dewey Davis was born May
distanced
himself
from
the
hard,
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
25, 1926 and, being born in Alton,
aggressive temperament of the bebop
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Illinois,
grew
up
in
East
St.
Louis.
tradition.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) Miles Dewey Davis grew up in East
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
The
hard,
aggressive
temperament
of
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
St.
Louis
and
was
born
May
25,
7
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the bebop tradition, however, Miles
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1926 in Alton, Illinois.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
gradually
broke
away
from.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
Growing
up
in
East
St.
Louis,
Miles
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) The hard, aggressive temperament of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Dewey
Davis
was
born
May
25,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
bebop
tradition,
however,
was
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1926
in
Alton,
Illinois.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
finally broken away from by Miles.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) Born May 25, 1926 in Alton, Illinois, 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Miles
Dewey
Davis
grew
up
in
East
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
St. Louis.
7
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7
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(E) Miles Dewey Davis: Born May 25,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1926
in
Alton,
Illinois;
grew
up
in
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
East St. Louis.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
554 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 4
27 Questions j Time25 Minutes
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12
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12
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7
12
Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
choices,
labeled
(A)
through
(E).
These
choices
represent
words
or
phrases
that
have
been
left
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
out. Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
sentence
as
a
whole.
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Example:
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Canine massage is a veterinary technique
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
for
calming
dogs
that
are
extremely
__________.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
(A) inept
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
disciplined
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) controlled
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
(D)
stressed
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) restrained
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
A
B
C O
E
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O

O
O

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
7
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1. Her clear __________ of the situation kept
2. The mayor remained __________ in her
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7
12
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7
12
the meeting from breaking up into
commitment to __________ the rise of
7
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__________.
unemployment among her constituents.
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7
12
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7
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(A) grasp. .chaos
(A) firm. .uphold
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
vision.
.anarchy
(B)
wavering.
.identify
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
(C) knowledge. .uproar
(C) steadfast. .stem
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) control. .harmony
(D) uncertain. .staunch
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
idea.
.laughter
(E)
alone.
.approach
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
555

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
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3. A __________ old stone farmhouse, it had
7. The editorial accused the mayor of
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
been a landmark since before the Civil War.
__________ for making promises he knew 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
he could not __________.
(A) corrupt
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) sturdy
(A) hypocrisy. .fulfill
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
rickety
(B)
revulsion.
.condone
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) ramshackle
(C) impunity. .reprise
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
vital
(D)
liability.
.improve
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) petulance. .verify
7
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7
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4. Because she thought her hateful cousins
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
behavior was __________, it __________
8. She was __________ as a child, accepting
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
her to hear the adults praise him.
without question everything she was told.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) intangible. .thrilled
(A) obstreperous
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
putative.
.baffled
(B)
recalcitrant
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) laconic. .encouraged
(C) credulous
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
insipid.
.demeaned
(D)
truculent
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) obnoxious. .galled
(E) tearful
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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5.
A
public
official
must
be
__________
in
all
9.
James
Lovelock
has
posited
the
theory
of
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
his or her actions to avoid even the
Gaia, which says that the earth is a single
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
appearance of impropriety.
living organismindependent and ______. 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) redolent
(A) ambivalent
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) unctuous
(B) self-regulating
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
baleful
(C)
indolent
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) circumspect
(D) static
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
propitious
(E)
annihilative
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
6.
So
many
people
turned
out
for
the
10.
With
the
computer
program
Windows,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
meeting
that
there
were
not
enough
seats
you
can
check
for
errors
on
your
hard
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to __________ them all.
disk, as well as remove unnecessary files,
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
thus __________ the performance of your
(A) count
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
computer.
(B) ascertain
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) accommodate
(A) embodying
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
delineate
(B)
adorning
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) delegate
(C) impeding
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
optimizing
(D)
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) depreciating
7
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7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
556 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
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12
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7
12
11. My cousin Abebi is a/an __________
15. Because Mandisas job was so
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7
12
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7
12
personsociable, talkative, and a friend
__________, she had a/an __________ of
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12
to all.
funds and was able to buy a boat and sail 7
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
away to Greece.
(A) obnoxious
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7
12
7
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(B)
unpalatable
(A)
lucrative.
.superfluity
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) gregarious
(B) arduous. .penury
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
parsimonious
(C)
remunerative.
.audacity
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) reticent
(D) powerful. .mendicancy
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) immodest. .surfeit
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7
12
7
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12. At the movies, I could forget myself and
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
the way life really was, settle down in the
Questions 1627 are based on the following
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
plush theater seat with my popcorn, and
passage
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
__________ myself in the __________ on
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Alexander Wilson was a poet and a naturalist. 7
the screen.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Born in Scotland in 1766, he emigrated to 7
7
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(A) emerge. .deception
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Pennsylvania in 1794 and soon became a full- 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) recuse. .fantasy
time naturalist. This excerpt on hummingbird 7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) importune. .emanation
nests is from a nine-volume work titled Ameri- 7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) divulge. .exudation
can Ornithology, published in 18081814.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) immerse. .illusion
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7
12
Line
About
the
twenty-fifth
of
April
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Hummingbird usually arrives in Pennsyl- 7
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7
12
13. In the fall, the chilly wind circles up under
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
vania; and about the tenth of May begins 7
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7
12
the eaves of the house, carrying the first
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to
build
its
nest.
This
is
generally
fixed
__________ of winter.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(5)
on the upper side of a horizontal branch, 7
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7
12
(A) premonition
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
not
among
the
twigs,
but
on
the
body
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
spectacle
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
branch
itself.
Yet
I
have
known
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) meandering
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
instances where it was attached by the
7
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(D)
sighting
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
side to an old moss-grown trunk; and
7
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(E)
sensation
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(10)
others where it was fastened on a strong 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rank stalk, or weed, in the garden; but
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
14. When it became obvious that Ben had
these cases are rare. In the woods it very 7
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7
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__________ money from the petty cash
often chooses a white oak sapling to
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
fund, he was fired.
build on; and in the orchard, or garden,
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
selects
a
pear
tree
for
that
purpose.
The
(A)
opportuned
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
branch is seldom more than ten feet from 7
(B) pilfered
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
ground.
The
nest
is
about
an
inch
in
(C)
discounted
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
diameter, and as much in depth. A very
(D) required
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
complete
one
is
now
lying
before
me,
and
(E)
desired
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
the materials of which it is composed are 7
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7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
as follows:The outward coat is formed 7
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of
small
pieces
of
bluish
grey
lichen
that
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
vegetates on old trees and fences, thickly 7
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
glued
on
with
the
saliva
of
the
bird,
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7 557
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(25)
giving firmness and consistency to the
17. According to the author, all of the
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
whole, as well as keeping out moisture.
following are places where one could find
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Within this are thick matted layers of the
a hummingbird EXCEPT
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
fine wings of certain flying seeds, closely
(A) on the upper side of a branch.
7
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laid together; and lastly, the downy
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
on
a
moss
grown
trunk.
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7
122(30)
substance
from
the
great
mullein,
and
7
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(C) on a white oak sapling.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from the stalks of the common fern, lines
7
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(D)
on
a
pear
tree.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
whole.
The
base
of
the
nest
is
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
in
the
meadow.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
continued round the stem of the branch,
7
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7
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to
which
it
closely
adheres;
and,
when
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
18. Why does Wilson mention the old moss- 7
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7
122(35)
viewed from below, appears a mere
7
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grown trunk and strong rank stalk
7
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mossy knot or accidental protuberance.
7
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(lines 9 and 11)?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
eggs
are
two,
pure
white,
and
of
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
To
compare
relative
sizes
of
birds
7
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equal thickness at both ends. . . . On a
7
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(B)
To
establish
the
birds
eating
patterns
7
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persons
approaching
their
nest,
the
little
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
To
illustrate
nontypical
nesting
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7
122(40)
proprietors
dart
around
with
a
humming
7
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behaviors
7
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sound, passing frequently within a few
7
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(D)
To
delineate
plant
life
in
Pennsylvania
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
inches of ones head; and should the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
To
complete
a
list
of
related
flora
7
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young be newly hatched, the female will
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
resume her place on the nest even while
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
19. When Wilson remarks that the birds nests 7
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7
you stand within a yard or two of the
12(45)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
resemble an accidental protuberance
spot. The precise period of incubation I
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(line 36), he implies that
am unable to give; but the young are in
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
habit,
a
short
time
before
they
leave
(A)
the
nests
are
messily
constructed.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the nest, of thrusting their bills into the
(B) nests may be destroyed accidently.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(50)
mouths
of
their
parents,
and
sucking
(C)
the
nests
are
usually
invisible.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
what they have brought them. I never
(D) the nests are designed to blend into
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
could
perceive
that
they
carried
them
any
their
surroundings.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
animal
food;
tho,
from
circumstances
(E)
most
nests
resemble
the
beak
of
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that will presently be mentioned, I think
bird itself.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(55)
it
highly
probable
they
do.
As
I
have
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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20. The phrase little proprietors (lines
found their nest with eggs so late as the
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3940)
refers
to
twelfth
of
July,
I
do
not
doubt
but
that
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
they frequently, and perhaps usually,
(A) children in the orchard.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
raise two broods in the same season.
(B) eggs.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
naturalists.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1216.
In line 4, the word fixed most nearly means
(D) shopowners.
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
nesting
pairs
of
hummingbirds.
7
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(A)
changed.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) improved.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
found.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) understood.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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(E) undermined.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
558 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
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12
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7
12
21. When Wilson remarks that he never
25. Which of the following can be inferred
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7
12
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7
12
could perceive hummingbirds feeding
about the hummingbirds habits?
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7
12
their nestlings animal food (lines 5153),
(A) They flourish only in Pennsylvania.
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7
12
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7
12
he is suggesting
(B) Their broods each consist of a single 7
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12
7
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(A) that his eyesight is failing.
egg.
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7
12
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7
12
(B) his limitations as an observer.
(C) They migrate in the spring.
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
that
animal
food
may,
in
fact,
be
eaten.
(D)
They
always
raise
two
broods
in
a
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7
12
(D) that no animal food is eaten.
season.
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7
12
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12
(E) that hummingbirds eat only at night.
(E) They spend the winter in Pennsylvania. 7
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7
12
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12
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7
12
22. The fact that Wilson has found nests with
26. The main purpose of this passage is to
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7
12
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7
12
eggs so late as the twelfth of July
describe
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
12
indicates that
(A) the nesting behavior of the humming- 7
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12
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7
12
(A) birds do not lay eggs before June.
bird.
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
most
eggs
are
found
earlier
than
July
12.
(B)
the
mating
behavior
of
the
humming34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
(C) the eggs are not likely to hatch.
bird.
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7
12
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7
12
(D)
the
birds
began
nesting
late
in
the
(C)
the
relative
size
of
the
hummingbird.
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12
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7
12
season.
(D) hummingbirds in Pennsylvania.
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7
12
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7
12
(E) some birds abandon their nests.
(E) young hummingbird fledglings.
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7
12
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12
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12
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7
12
23. The hummingbirds nest is composed of
27. If Wilson were to study crows, he would
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7
12
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7
12
all of the following EXCEPT
be likely to
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12
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7
12
(A) moss.
(A) stuff and mount them.
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7
12
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7
12
(B) lichen.
(B) observe them in the wild.
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
the
wings
of
flying
seeds.
(C)
read
all
about
them.
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7
12
(D) a downy substance from fern stalks.
(D) mate them in a laboratory.
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
hummingbird
saliva.
(E)
dissect
them.
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12
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12
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7
12
24. How does Wilson reconstruct the makeup
7
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7
12
of the nest?
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7
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(A) By taking apart a nest that hangs in
7
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7
12
the orchard
7
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7
12
(B)
By
watching
a
hummingbird
build
a
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7
12
nest in the stable
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7
12
7
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(C)
By
reading
a
report
by
John
Audubon
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12
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7
12
(D) By inspecting a nest that lies on his desk
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7
12
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7
12
(E)
By
making
a
copy
of
a
nest
he
has
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
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observed
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7
12
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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12
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7 559
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 5
21 Questions j Time25 Minutes

Reference Information

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7
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7
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7
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Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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Notes:
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1. You may use a calculator. All of the numbers used are real numbers.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2. You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution. Unless
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
accurately.
Each
figure
lies
in
a
plane
unless
the
instructions
say
otherwise.
7
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7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2s
r
7
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2x
w
r
s
x
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
c
h
h
h b
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
w
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
s
2
b
3x
a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
A 5 pr
1
7
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2
2
2
2
C 5 2pr
A 5 ,w
A 5 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr h c 5 a 1 b Special Right Triangles
7
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2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
7
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The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The
sum
of
the
measures
in
degrees
of
the
angles
of
a
triangle
is
180.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 3 5 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
5
1.
3 3 3 5
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
What
is
the
value
of
c
if
c
5
25?
3
5
7
9
2.
7
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3
3
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 2
9
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 3
7
3
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 4
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
15
7
(D) 5
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 35
(E) 6
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
63
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
3
(D)
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
63
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
35
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
945
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
45

60

30

SD SD

560

45

TEST 3
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3. What is 732,471 rounded to the nearest
7. What is the least positive integer x, such
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
thousand?
that |3 2 x| 4?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 730,000
(A) 6
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 732,000
(B) 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
732,500
(C)
8
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 733,000
(D) 9
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
740,000
(E)
10
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
4. If Sally walks at an average speed of c
8. A rectangle is 3 inches wide and 4 inches
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
miles per hour, how many miles does she
long. Find the length of the diagonal of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
walk in 4 hours?
this rectangle.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
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7
12
(A) 4.25
7
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4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
(B)
5
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7
12
c
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 6
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
c
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
7
(B)
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 7.5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 4c
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
4
2
c
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
9.
In
the
following
figure,
line
c
intersects
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 4 1 c
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
parallel lines a and b. What is the measure 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
of angle b?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
5. If a hiker can travel at a steady rate of 15
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
minutes per mile, how many hours
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
would
it
take
to
walk
9
miles?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
a 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A)
1.8
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
b
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 3
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
4
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
c
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 6.75
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 110
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
6. When a positive number is added to the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 120
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
square of that number, the result is 42.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 130
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
What is the number?
(D) 140
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
150
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
3
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C) 4
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
6
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 561
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1210.
Which of the following is a simplified
14. What is 7% of 60?
7
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2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1
12x
1
4
5x
(A) .42
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
form
of
?
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
x
2
4
(B)
4.2
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
8.57
7
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5x
1
2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
(D)
11.67
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x
2
2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
42
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
5~x2 1 2!
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
x12
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
15.
Which
of
the
following
are
solutions
to
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the equation (x 2 a)(x 2 b) 5 0?
5x
1
2
x
1
6
7
~
!~
!
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) x 5 2a and x 5 2b
x 22
7
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(B)
x
5
a
and
x
5
b
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 5x 1 2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) x 5 ab
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) x 1 2
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
x
5
(2a)(2b)
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
11. If one of the angles of an isosceles triangle
(E) x 5 2a 1 2b
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
measures
18,
which
of
the
following
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
16. If a circle has a diameter of 10 inches,
could be the measure of another angle of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
how
many
square
inches
is
the
area
of
the
the
triangle?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
circle?
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) 72
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
5p
(B) 78
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
(B) 12p
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 81
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
25p
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 108
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 50p
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 162
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
100p
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1212.
The circumference of a circular building
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
5
17.
If
x
1
y
5
4,
then
y
measures
158
feet.
What
is
the
approxi1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
mate radius of the buildings outer wall?
7
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(A) 16 2 x2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) x 2 16
(A)
7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) x 1 8x 1 16
(B) 25
7
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2
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
16
2
8x
1
x
(C) 50
7
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2
(E) 16 1 8x 2 x
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 76
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 101
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
18.
If
27
,
x
,
24,
which
of
the
following
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12213.
could be a value of 5x?
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
The =x27 is a real number if and only
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
if
(A)
25.50
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) 26.25
(A) x 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) 212.75
(B) x 5 0
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) 219
(C)
27
,
x
,
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E) 221.50
(D) 27 , x , 0
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
x

27
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
562 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
19. Which of the following numbers is
21. If x and y are negative integers, and if x 2 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
greatest?
y 5 1, what is the least possible value of
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
xy?
(A) .04
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) .17
(A) 22
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
.179
(B)
21
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) .192
(C) 0
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
.1912
(D)
1
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) 2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
20. If three different numbers are chosen, one
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
from each of the following sets, what is
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the least sum these numbers could have?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
C
5
{2,4,6}
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
D 5 {5,6,7}
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
E 5 {2,5,9}
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) 9
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) 11
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
13
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D) 15
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E)
16
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 563
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 6
16 Questions j Time25 Minutes
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions. Read each passage, then
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
answer
the
accompanying
questions,
basing
your
answers
on
what
is
stated
or
implied
in
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
passage and any introductory material provided. Mark the letter of your choice on the answer
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
sheet
that
best
corresponds
to
the
correct
answer.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Questions
12
are
based
on
the
following
1.
The
word
exponentially
(line
3)
means
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12passage.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) an unknown variable.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12Line
In recent years the outsourcing of work
(B) the quality of a number.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to companies in India has grown
(C) relating to an exponent.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
exponentially. U.S. corporations inter(D) increasing in an extraordinarily
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ested in cutting costs in areas such as call
large way.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(5)
centers and data analysis have found a
(E) symbolically.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ready source of workers among Indias
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2.
The
purpose
of
the
passage
is
to
huge
and
well-educated
population.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Some experts estimate that there are
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) express indignation at the movement 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
more technology engineers Bangalore
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of jobs overseas.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(10)
than in all of Silicon Valley, the hub of
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B) explain why outsourcing is occurring. 7
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
technology development in the United
(C) suggest ways to combat outsourcing. 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
States. One reason that outsourcing is
(D) alert readers to the issue.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
possible is the dramatic decrease in
(E) explain why there is no alternative to 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
telecommunications costs. New types of
outsourcing overseas.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(15)
interactive software also encourage a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
long-distance workforce. Third, salaries
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for starting engineers in India are as
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
much as 87 percent lower than those in
7
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the United States.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
564

TEST 3
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
Questions 34 are based on the following
4. The phrase so far as is now left possible 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
passage.
implies that
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Line President after president has appointed
(A) any interest in righting injustices to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
commission after commission to inquire
Indians is small.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
into
and
report
upon
Indian
affairs,
and
(B)
there
are
not
enough
right-thinking,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
to make suggestions as to the best
right-feeling men and women to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(5)
methods
of
managing
them.
The
reports
fight
for
the
Indians
rights.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
are filled with eloquent statements of
(C) there are some injustices that will no 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
wrongs done to the Indians, of perfidies
longer be able to be reversed.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
on
the
part
of
the
Government;
they
(D)
a
revolution
for
Indian
rights
is
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
counsel, as earnestly as words can, a trial
unlikely.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(10)
of
the
simple
and
unperplexing
expedi(E)
it
is
too
late
for
a
revolution
for
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
ents of telling truth, keeping promises,
Indian rights.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
making fair bargains, dealing justly in all
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
ways and all things. . . . [A]ny one of
Questions
512
are
based
on
the
following
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
[these reports], . . . read by the rightpassage
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
thinking, right-feeling men and women
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
The
following
speech
was
delivered
at
the
height
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
. . . would initiate a revolution, which
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
of the 1960s civil rights movement by Dr. Martin 7
would not subside until the Indians
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Luther
King,
head
of
the
Southern
Christian
wrongs were, so far as is now left
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Leadership
Conference
and
the
movements
possible,
righted.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
most eloquent spokesperson.
(20)
Helen Hunt Jackson,
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
A
Century
of
Dishonor
Line We have come to this hallowed spot to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
remind America of the fierce urgency of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
now. This is no time to engage in the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
3. What does Jackson mean by the phrase a
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
luxury
of
cooling
off
or
to
take
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
trial of the simple and unperplexing
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
(5)
tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
expedients (lines 911)?
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
the
time
to
make
real
the
promises
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
the
introduction
of
a
lawsuit
as
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12
democracy. Now is the time to rise from 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
quickly as possible
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
dark
and
desolate
valley
of
segrega34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B)
a
simple
plea
for
justice
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
tion
to
the
sunlit
path
of
racial
justice.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C) a test of the court system as quickly
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(10)
Now is the time to lift our nation from
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
as
possible
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
quicksand
of
racial
injustice
to
the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
quick
test
of
the
governments
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
actions
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
time
to
make
justice
a
reality
for
all
of
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
a
test
of
the
use
of
straightforward
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Gods children.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
action
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(15)
It would be fatal for the nation to
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
overlook the urgency of the moment.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
This sweltering summer of the Negros
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
legitimate discontent will not pass until
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
there is an invigorating autumn of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(20)
freedom and equality. Those who hope
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7 565
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that the Negro needed to blow off steam
larger one. We can never be satisfied as
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
and will now be content will have a rude
(65)
long as our children are stripped of their
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
awakening if the nation returns to
selfhood and robbed of their dignity by
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
business as usual. There will be neither
signs stating For Whites Only. We
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(25)
rest nor tranquility in America until the
cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Negro
is
granted
his
citizenship
rights.
Mississippi
cannot
vote
and
a
Negro
in
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(70)
The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to
New York believes he has nothing for
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
shake
the
foundations
of
our
nation
until
which
to
vote.
No,
no,
we
are
not
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the bright day of justice emerges.
satisfied, and we will not be satisfied
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(30)
But
that
is
something
that
I
must
say
until
justice
rolls
down
like
waters
and
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to my people who stand on the warm
righteousness like a mighty stream.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(75)
threshold which leads into the palace of
I am not unmindful that some of you 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
justice.
In
the
process
of
gaining
our
have
come
out
of
great
trials
and
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
rightful place we must not be guilty of
tribulations. Some of you have come
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(35)
wrongful
deeds.
Let
us
not
seek
to
satisfy
fresh
from
narrow
jail
cells.
Some
of
you
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
our thirst for freedom by drinking from
have come from areas where your quest
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(80)
the cup of bitterness and hatred.
for freedom left you battered by the
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
We must forever conduct our struggle
storms of persecution and staggered by
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
on the high plane of dignity and discithe winds of police brutality. You have
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(40)
pline. We must not allow our creative
been the veterans of creative suffering.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
protest to degenerate into physical
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Continue to work with the faith that
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(85)
violence. Again and again we must rise to
unearned suffering is redemptive.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the majestic heights of meeting physical
Go back to Mississippi, go back to
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
force
with
soul
force.
The
marvelous
new
Alabama,
go
back
to
South
Carolina,
go
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(45)
militancy which has engulfed the Negro
back to Louisiana, go back to the slums
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
community
must
not
lead
us
to
a
distrust
and
ghettos
of
our
Northern
cities,
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(90)
of all white people, for many of our
knowing that somehow this situation can 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
white
brothers,
as
evidenced
by
their
and
will
be
changed.
Let
us
not
wallow
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
presence
here
today,
have
come
to
realize
in
the
valley
of
despair.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(50)
that their destiny is tied up with our
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
destiny.
And
they
have
come
to
realize
5. When King says in line 85 that unearned 7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
that their freedom is inextricably bound
suffering is redemptive, he means that it
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
to
our
freedom.
We
cannot
walk
alone.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A)
provokes
police
brutality.
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
As we walk, we must make the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(B)
confers
sanctity,
or
holiness,
upon
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(55)
pledge that we shall always march ahead.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
sufferer.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
We cannot turn back. There are those
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
is
bound
to
continue
forever.
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
who are asking the devotees of civil
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D) strips children of their dignity or
rights, When will you be satisfied? We
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
self-worth.
can never be satisfied as long as the
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
122(60)
(E) will never be repaid.
Negro is the victim of the unspeakable
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
horrors of police brutality. We can never
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
be
satisfied
as
long
as
the
Negros
basic
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
566 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
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12
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12
6. In the passage, Kings attitude is generally
10. Kings remarks indicate that he considers 7
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7
12
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7
12
the racial problem a national problem
(A) prejudiced.
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
because
(B)
cynical.
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12
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7
12
(C) fearful.
(A) all white Americans are prejudiced.
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(D)
optimistic.
(B)
African
Americans
are
moving
to
the
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(E) neutral.
suburbs.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(C)
all
areas
of
American
life
are
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7
12
7. Which quotation best suggests the main
affected.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
idea of the speech?
(D) the United States Constitution
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
supports
segregation.
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7
12
(A) . . . we must not be guilty of
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12
(E) laws will be broken if the problem is 7
wrongful deeds.
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7
12
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7
12
left
unattended.
(B) We cannot walk alone.
7
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7
12
(C)
We
can
never
be
satisfied
as
long
as
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7
12
11. In the passage, King implies that the
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7
12
the Negros basic mobility is from a
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7
12
struggle for racial justice can be best won 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
smaller
ghetto
to
a
larger
one.
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7
12
through
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7
12
(D) . . . to remind America of the fierce
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
urgency
of
now.
(A)
marching
on
Washington.
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12
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7
12
(E) . . . this situation can and will be
(B) civil disorder.
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7
12
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7
12
changed.
(C) creative protest.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(D)
challenging
unjust
laws.
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
8. The tone of this speech can best be
(E) doing nothing.
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
described as
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12. In this speech, King specifically recom12
(A) inspirational.
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7
12
mends
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7
12
(B) boastful.
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7
12
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7
12
(C)
defiant.
(A)
nonviolent
resistance.
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7
12
(D) sad.
(B) faith in God.
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7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
buoyant.
(C)
Communist
ideas.
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12
7
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(D) social turmoil.
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7
12
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7
12
9. Kings attitude toward white Americans
(E) turbulent revolt.
7
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7
12
appears to be based on
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(A) noncommitment.
7
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7
12
(B) contempt for authority.
7
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7
12
(C)
mutual
distrust.
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7
12
(D) mutual respect.
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7
12
7
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(E)
negativism.
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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7 567
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
12Questions
1316 are based on the following
sadness? When did they emphasize her
7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12passage
sweet smile.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
122Line
No, I never met her. And yet, even
Agustn Yez was the author of many
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
her pictures were with me for a long time 7
short stories, most of them based in or
7
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(45)
after she died. Long before then, my life
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
around
Guadalajara,
Mexico,
his
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
was
filled
with
her
presence,
fashioned
of
7
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hometown. Alda, from which this
7
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unreal images, devoid of all sensation;
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(5)
passage
is
excerpted,
is
from
a
collection
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
perhaps
more
faithful,
certainly
more
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
entitled
Archipilago
de
Mujeres.
7
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vivid, than these almost faded photo7
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I never met my first love. She must have
7
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(50)
graphs.
Hers
was
a
presence
without
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
been
a
sweet
and
sad
child.
Her
photo7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
volume,
line
or
color;
an
elusive
phan7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
graphs inspire my imagination to
7
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tom, which epitomized the beauty of all
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(10)
reconstruct
the
outlines
of
her
soul,
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
faces
without
limiting
itself
to
any
one,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
simple
and
austere
as
a
primitive
church,
7
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and embodied the delicacy of the best
7
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extensive as a castle, stately as a tower,
7
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(55)
and
loftiest
spirits,
indefinitely.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
deep as a well. Purity of brow, which,
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
I
now
believe
that
an
obscure
feeling,
7
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like the throat, the hands, the entire
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
a fear of reality, was the cause of my
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(15)
body, must have been carved in crystal or
7
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refusal to exchange the formless images
7
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marble; the very soft lines of the face; the
7
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for a direct knowledge of her who
deep-set eyes with a look of surprise,
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(60)
inspired them. How many times, just
sweet and sad, beneath the veil of the
7
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
when the senses might have put a limit to 7
eyelashes;
a
brief
mouth
with
fine
lips,
7
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fancy did I avoid meeting her; and how
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(20)
immune to sensuality; docile hair,
7
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many others did Fate intervene! On one
7
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harmonious
and
still;
simply
dressed
in
7
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of
the
many
occasions
that
I
watched
the
7
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harmony with the obvious distinction
7
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(65)
house in which my phantom lived, I
7
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and
nobility
of
her
bearing;
all
of
her,
7
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decided
to
knock;
but
the
family
was
out.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
aglow
with
innocence
and
a
certain
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(25)
gravity in which are mixed the delights of
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
13. What does Yez mean when he says
childhood
and
the
reverie
of
first
youth.
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
I never met my first love (line 7)?
Her photographs invite one to try to
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
imagine
the
timbre
and
rhythm
of
her
(A) He loved unconditionally.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
voice,
the
ring
of
her
laughter,
the
depth
(B)
His
first
love
died
young.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(30)
of her silences, the cadence of her
(C) He never fell in love.
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
movements, the direction and intensity of
(D)
He
fell
in
love
with
someone
he
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
her glances. Her arms must have moved
never really knew.
7
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7
like the wings of a musical and tranquil
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
His
first
love
was
not
a
human
being.
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
bird; her figure must have yielded with
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12(35)
the gentleness of a lily in an April garden.
7
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7
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How many times her translucent hands
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
must
have
trimmed
the
lamps
of
the
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
vigilant virgins who know not the day or
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the
hour;
in
what
moments
of
rapture
did
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1(40)
her mouth and eyes accentuate their
7
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
568 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

www.petersons.com

TEST 3
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12
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12
14. The description in the first paragraph
16. Unlike the previous paragraphs, the third 7
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7
12
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7
12
moves from
paragraph
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) sound to sight.
(A) suggests an explanation for the
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) smell to sight to sound.
authors behavior.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(C)
sight
to
touch.
(B)
describes
the
authors
photographs
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12
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7
12
(D) sight to sound to movement.
of Alda.
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7
12
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7
12
(E)
touch
to
sound
to
sight.
(C)
mentions
the
elusive
qualities
of
Alda.
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7
12
(D) compares Alda to someone else the
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7
12
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7
12
15. The word docile (line 20) is used to
author loved later.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
imply
(E)
expresses
regret
for
losing
Aldas
love.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(A) wildness.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
(B) conformity.
7
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7
12
(C)
manageability.
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12
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7
12
(D) indifference.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
(E)
willingness.
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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12
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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7
12
Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
7
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12
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7 569
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

STOP

Section 7
13 Questions j Time20 Minutes
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7
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7
12Directions
for Student Produced Responses
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Notes:
7
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7
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7
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1.
All
numbers
used
are
real
numbers.
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7
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7
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2. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted.
7
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7
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7
3. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted.
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7
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7
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4. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
answering
the
question.
The
figures
are
drawn
closely
to
scale
unless
otherwise
noted.
7
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7
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7
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7
12Enter
your responses to questions 113 in the
7
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Answer: 1.4
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7
12special
grids
provided
on
your
answer
sheet.
Either position is correct.
7
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7
12Input
your answers as indicated in the directions
7
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7
12below.
1
.
4
1 . 4
7
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O O
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O
7
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O O O
O O O
4
Decimal
7
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Answer: or 4/9
7
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O
O
O
point
O
O
O
9
7
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O O O

O O O
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
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7
122Write
answer
4 / 9
O O O O
O O O O
7
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boxes.
7
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O
O
O

O
O

Fraction
line
7
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O
O
O
O
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
O O O
Note: You may begin your answer in any col- 7
7
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O O O
O
7
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umn,
space
permitting.
Leave
blank
any
columns
O O O O
7
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7
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O O O O

not
needed.
7
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O O O
Grid in
7
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O O O O

7
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Writing
your
answer
in
the
boxes
at
the
top
result.
O O O O
7
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12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
of the columns will help you accurately grid 7
O O O O

7
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O O O O
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
your answer, but it is not required. You will 7
O OO
7
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only receive credit for an answer if the ovals 7
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7
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are filled in properly.
7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Only fill in one oval in each column.
7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
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7
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7
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
/

570

TEST 3
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12
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7
12
If a problem has several correct answers,
Decimal Accuracy
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
just grid in one of them.
Decimal answers must be gridded as accu- 7
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34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
There are no negative answers.
rately as possible. The answer 0.3333 . . . 7
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
must be gridded as .333.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12

Never
grid
in
mixed
numbers.
The
answer
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12
1
Less accurate values, such as .33 are not 7
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7
12
3 must be gridded as 16/5 or 3.2. If
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7
12
acceptable.
5
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7
12
7
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is
gridded,
it
will
be
read
3 1 / 5
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7
12
1
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12
1
31
Acceptable ways to grid 5 .3333 . . . 7
O
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7
12
as , not 3 .
3
O O O O
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7
12
5
5
7
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O
O
O
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7
12
.
3
3
3
1
/
3
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7
12
O O O
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7
12
O O
O O O O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12

O O O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
7
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O
O
O
O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O
O O O
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7
12
O O O
O O O O
O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O
O O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
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O
O O O
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7
12
O O O O
O O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O
O O O O
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
O O O O
O O O O
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7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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7
12
2
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7
12
1.
Let
function
f
be
defined
by
f(x)
5
x
1
6.
4.
The
average
of
4
numbers
is
8.5.
Three
of
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12
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7
12
If n is a positive number such that f (3n) 5
the numbers are 3, 7, and 9. What is the
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7
12
2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
?
3f(n),
what
is
the
value
of
n
fourth
number?
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12
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12
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12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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12
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12
2. What is the product of 5% of 7 and 7% of 5?
5. A container of apples sells for $6, which is 7
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7
12
7
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4
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7
12
of
the
original
asking
price.
What
was
7
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5
7
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the original price?
7
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12
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12
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12
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7
12
3. The sum of the length of three sides of a
7
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7
12
cube
is
15
inches.
What
is
the
volume
of
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
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7
12
the cube in cubic inches?
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7
12
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7
12
6. Sixty-five percent of a group of students
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7
12
pass their driving test. If 260 people pass
7
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7
12
this test, how many took the test?
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12
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12
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7 571
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/

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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7
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7
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7. What is one possible value for x if
11. What area remains when the area of a
7
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7
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1
1
square with side 3 is subtracted from the
7
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,x, ?
7
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area of a circle with radius 2?
8
5
7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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7
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7
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7
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
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8. If 3x 5 27, what is the value of 2x 1 1?
7
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12. In the following diagram, find the area of
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
the triangle formed by dropping a
7
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7
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perpendicular line from AB to Point C,
7
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7
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AB
and
DC
are
given
x
5
4.
Note
that
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7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
parallel.
7
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7
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7
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7
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9. .003 is the same as the ratio of 3 to what
7
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A
B
7
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number?
7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
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7
1210.
The
area
of
square
ABCD
is
equal
to
the
C
7
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D
7
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area of rectangle EFGH. If CD 5 4 feet
7
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7
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and EF 5 2 feet, what is the length of the
7
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7
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rectangles perimeter, in feet?
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7
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7
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7
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G
F
C
B
7
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7
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7
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13. In the simple addition problem below,
7
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E
H
A
A
and
B
are
digits.
What
must
A
be?
D
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Note: Figures not drawn to scale.
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0.AB
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Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.
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STOP

www.petersons.com

Section 8
Time25 Minutes
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Directions: Think carefully about the statement below and the assignment that follows it.
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It has been said that old age is not a defeat, but a victory. And yet it is extremely difficult for 7
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many people to meet the expenses brought on by long-term illnesses. The elderly, especially, are 7
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often
at
a
loss
when
it
comes
to
providing
for
health
care
for
themselves
or
for
family
members.
For
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this reason, the federal government should provide additional insurance to assist people during 7
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periods of long-term catastrophic illness.
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Assignment
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What is your opinion of the idea that the federal government should provide insurance for 7
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long-term catastrophic illness for the elderly? Plan and write an essay that develops your ideas 7
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logically. Support your opinion with specific evidence taken from your personal experience, your 7
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observations of others, or your reading.
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Begin writing your essay.
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If you would like your essay scored go on line at www.petersons.com/satessayedge
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Assignment: Write an essay in which you argue for or against the preceding statement. Develop your 7
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point of view on this statement and be sure to support your stance with sufficient details.
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573

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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www.petersons.com

TEST 3
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When you are finished with your essay put your pencil down until the
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time allotted is over.
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STOP

Answers
and Explanations
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Section 1
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1.
E
Passage
1
doesnt
even
mention
money.
Remember
with
EXCEPT
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questions that you are looking for the wrong answer.
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2.
B
This
answer
is
very
clearly
discussed
in
Passage
2.
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3. C If you didnt know the use of the word green, you could figure it out by
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going back to Passage 1 to see if it says who the likely buyer of hybrid is.
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It says that conservation-conscious consumers buy them. Conserva9
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tion equals environment equals green.
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4. D The author of Passage 2 gives the difference in dollars between hybrid
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and gasoline-powered cars and also cites Europe as an example of why
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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opponents
think
hybrids
wont
sell
well.
9
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9
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5.
A
The
context
of
the
sentence,
with
its
reference
to
taking
his
own
life,
9
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9
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supports
this
choice.
9
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9
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9
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6. D Sentence three specifically cites the cause of Achilles feelings of guilt.
9
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9
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7.
D
In
this
context,
Thetis
is
traveling
or
returning
to
Vulcan.
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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8. C The passage refers to Vulcans palace and his ability to create magical
9
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9
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tripods,
indicating
that
he
is
quite
powerful.
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9
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9
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9.
C
With
his
new
armor
and
his
feelings
of
righteousness,
Achilles
is
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9
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confident as he goes into battle.
9
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9
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9
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10. A Sentence two in Passage 2 states that they enlisted the help of Curoi of
9
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9
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Kerry.
9
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11. B The champion did not have to fight the giant; the champion had to
9
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9
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behead
the
giant.
9
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9
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9
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
576

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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12. D Although choices (A) and (B) might be appealing, the fact that the giant
9
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9
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remained
alive
while
headless
was
what
made
him
so
unusual.
9
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9
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9
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13. B The context of the sentence supports definition (B), as the men of Ulster
9
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9
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were
completely
or
utterly
ashamed.
9
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9
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9
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14. E Cuchulain is a man to whom his word is his bond; he had to meet the
9
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9
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giant because he gave his word.
9
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15. A His speech is serious and sad because he is afraid of imminent death.
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16.
B
The
quality
that
Achilles
and
Cuchulain
share
is
courage.
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9
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17. A Choice (A) addresses the three main points in the passage, having to do
9
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9
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with
culture,
human
rights
law,
and
the
exclusion
of
women
from
9
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9
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decision-making. Choice (B) is too narrow to be the main idea. Choice
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C)
is
wrong
because
the
passage
does
not
discuss
tradition
overriding
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9
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human rights law. Choice (D) might be deduced from the passage, but it
9
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9
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is not really in the passage. Choice (E) is too narrow to be the main idea.
9
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9
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9
18. A This is the dictionary meaning of the word embedded.
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9
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9
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19. D Choices (A) and (C) may seem attractive at first, but sexual abuse and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
domestic
abuse
can
happen
to
both
men
and
women.
Choice
(B)
is
9
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9
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illogical. Choice (E) is possible, but it is not the best answer.
9
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9
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9
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20.
C
The
example
of
the
Convention
supports
the
authors
argument
that
9
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9
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women are excluded from important decision-making about their own
9
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9
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treatment.
The
addition
of
the
reference
to
the
Convention
does
not
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
make
the
essay
more
appealing,
choice
(A),
or
enhance
organization
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
ideas, choice (B). The author is criticizing the Convention, not
9
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9
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appealing to its authority, thus refuting choice (D), and her observa123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
tions about the Convention are pessimistic, not optimistic, refuting
9
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9
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choice (E).
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9
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Section 2
9
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9
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1.
E
If
you
remember
to
Please
Excuse
My
Dear
Aunt
Sally,
it
will
help
you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
perform operations in the right order, which are: Parentheses,
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Exponents,
Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction.
This
means
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
we must add the 7 1 1 first, since they are enclosed within parentheses,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
then multiply by 4, and finally subtract 6, to get the answer 26.
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 577
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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9
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2. A Supplementary angles are those that, when measured together, form a
9
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9
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180
angle.
An
obtuse
angle
has
an
angle
measure
greater
than
90
but
9
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9
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less than 180. Because a and b are supplementary, we know that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
1
b
5
180,
which
means
a
5
180
2
b.
Since
b
.
90,
it
follows
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that 180 2 b , 90, or a , 90. Therefore, a , b.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Since
3y
5
z
2
x
3.
C
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
z 2 x!
~
9
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y5
9
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3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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or
9
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1
9
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y 5 ~z 2 x!
9
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3
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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4. B The dimensions of the rectangular solid are: Length (l) 5 8, Width
9
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9
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6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(w)
5
6,
Height
(h)
5
one
half
its
width
5
5
3.
Now
plug
these
9
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2
9
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9
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values into the formula for volume of a rectangular solid to find
9
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9
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the answer:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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V
5
h
3
w
3
l
5
3
3
6
3
8
5
144
cubic
inches
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9
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9
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5. A As the cross-sectional diagram below shows, the wall thickness is one
9
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9
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half of the difference in the two diameters.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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Subtract .625, the inner diameter, from the outer diameter .750, to get
9
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9
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the difference in diameters, .125. Remember, .125 is the thickness of
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9
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both walls. The question asks us to find the thickness of one wall, so
9
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9
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you must divide .125 by 2 to get the right answer, .0625.
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
578 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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6. D To solve this problem, first, translate the words into algebraic form,
9
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9
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then
solve
for
the
price,
P.
9
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9
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9
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The pants sells for $6 more than 75% of the price, which can be
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
restated
as:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
P 5 6 1 .75P
9
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9
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P 2 .75P 5 6
9
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9
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9
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P~1 2 .75! 5 6
9
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9
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.25P
5
6
9
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9
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6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
P5
9
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.25
9
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9
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9
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P 5 24
9
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9
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7. C The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180. Since we
9
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9
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know
the
measures
of
two
of
the
angles,
we
can
compute
the
measure
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of the third:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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180 2 60 2 90 5 a
9
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9
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9
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120
2
90
5
a
9
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9
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30
5
a
9
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9
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9
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8.
E
To
figure
this
one
out,
translate
the
words
into
an
equation,
then
solve
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
for
x.
What
%
of
5
is
90%
of
50
becomes
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
90
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
5
50
?
~
!
~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
F~90!~50!G
9
5x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
F~100!~4500!G
9
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5x
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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5x 5 4500
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
900
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9. E For (a 3 b) to be less than zero, either a or b (but not both a and b) must
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
be less than zero. All the other choices result in values that are either
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
zero or greater than zero.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 579
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10. D This problem can be solved easily using the method of similar triangles.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Both
the
flag
pole
and
the
fence
post
form
a
right
angle
with
the
surface
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
of the earth and the suns rays strike both objects at the same angle,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
therefore
we
have
two
similar
triangles.
To
solve
a
similar
triangle
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem, set up a proportion.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10
60
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
60 10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10x
5
240
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 24
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11.
E
To
solve
this
problem,
plug
in
the
values
for
x,
y,
and
z,
then
simplify.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
z
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9x
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
1
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
5 ~ 9!~21! 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
29
2
2
~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
211
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 21
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12.
B
This
is
false
because
P
and
Q
are
supplementary
angles
and
cannot
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
be congruent because they cannot measure 90. The other choices are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
all
true
because
they
are
vertical
angles,
choices
(A)
and
(E),
alternate
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
interior angles, choice (C), or corresponding angles, choice (D).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
580 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S
S

DS D

DS D

S D

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13. B Solve this one by translating the word into an algebraic relationship.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
We
know
the
coins
are
only
nickels
or
dimes.
Of
the
11
coins,
we
are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
asked to find x, the number of dimes. This means there are x dimes and
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(11
2
x)
nickels.
Now
translate
this
information
into
algebraic
form:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.65 5 (value of a dime)(number of dimes) 1 (value of a nickel)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(number
of
nickels)
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.65 5 ~.10!x 1 ~.05!~11 2 x!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.65 5 .10x 1 .55 2 .05x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.65 5 ~.10 2 .05!x 1 .55
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.65
5
.05x
1
.55
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.05x 5 .65 2 .55
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.10
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.05
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x52
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
14. A To solve this one, translate the words into an equation, then solve for x.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
What percent of two gallons is a quart or (x%)(2 gallons) 5 1 quart
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Next,
convert
gallons
to
quarts
so
the
units
match:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
gallons
5
8
quarts.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~x%!~8 quarts! 5 1 quart
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8! 5 1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8x
5
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
12.5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15.
D
To
solve
this
problem
quickly,
recognize
that
mCAD
5
mEAD,
one
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angle
of
the
triangle
AED.
If
we
can
find
the
measure
of
ADE
and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
AED, we can subtract them from 180 to find mEAD. We are given
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the measure of ADE in another form, as arc AB 5 40. This means
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mADE 5 20. To find mAED, notice that it is a supplementary
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
angle to mCED 5 60. This means mAED 5 180 2 60 5 120.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now we can solve for mEAD 5 mCAD.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mCAD 5 180 2 20 2 120
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mCAD
5
40
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 581
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16. D First, we must translate the words into an algebraic equation. Since the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
shopper
pays
30%
less
than
the
original
price
(P),
the
equation
is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
P 2 .30P 5 420
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~1 2 .30!P 5 420
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.70P 5 420
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
420
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
P
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.70
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
P 5 600
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
17. E Solve this problem by setting up an equation, solving for B, then
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
solving for C.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mA 1 mB 1 mC 5 180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6mB
1
mB
1
2mB
5
180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9mB 5 180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mB 5 20
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Remember, the question asks us to find C!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
mC
5
2mB
5
(2)(20)
5
40
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a b 1 a b 1 2cb 5 (ad 2 cb) 1 (ad 2 cb) 1 2cb
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18.
D
c d c d
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
ad
2
cb
1
ad
2
cb
1
2cb
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 2ad 2 2cb 1 2cb
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
2ad
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
582 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
19. C As the diagram below shows, before we can find the area, we must find
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
height
of
the
triangle
(x).
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Solve for x using the Pythagorean Theorem:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
x 1 ~8=2! 5 ~18!
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 ~18! 2 ~8=2!
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
x 5 324 2 128
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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2
9
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x 5 196
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
14
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now, find the area of the triangle using the formula for area of a
9
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9
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triangle:
9
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9
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9
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1
9
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A
5
base
3
height
9
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2
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~
8=2!~14!
5
9
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2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 ~7!~8=2!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 56=2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 583
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

SD

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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20. E Solve this problem in two steps. First, solve for a in the first equation:
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a 1 b 5 27
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
5
27
2
b
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Second, plug this value for a into the second expression:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3c 2 a 5 0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3c 2 ~27 2 b! 5 0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3c 5 27 2 b
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
c592
9
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3
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
21. B The least value for the expression is when the denominator is the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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greatest. This occurs when b is greatest, 8, and a is least, 0. This means
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that,
within
the
constraints
of
the
inequality,
the
least
possible
value
for
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16
9
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the given expression is , or 2.
9
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8
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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Section
3
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1. A The correct verb is to pore over, meaning to study carefully.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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2. E The sentence is correct.
9
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9
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9
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3.
C
The
subject
is
being
a
real
estate
agent.
The
pronoun
it
is
superfluous.
9
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9
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9
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4.
A
Since
taste
is
a
verb
referring
to
one
of
the
senses,
it
should
be
modified
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
by
an
adjective
(sweeter),
not
an
adverb
(more
sweetly).
9
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9
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9
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5. B You are required is needed to agree with your tax return.
9
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9
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6. E The sentence is correct.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. C To compare weather conditions for two days, use the comparative
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
worse.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8. B When all refers to the total number of persons or things in a group, it
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
takes
a
plural
verb:
All
.
.
.
were
lost.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9. C The preposition except for takes an objective pronoun: except for
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Meryl and me.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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10. B Since wrote is past tense, the events that preceded the writing must be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
described
in
the
past
perfect:
had
visited
and
had
seen.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11. C The sentence should be rephrased so that it does not seem as if his hands
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
were
noticing.
Although
(E)
corrects
the
misplaced
modifier,
it
creates
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
run-on sentence.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
584 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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12. D The correct word is among (not between) the four gang members.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13. A The sentence is correct.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
14.
C
The
original
sentence
lacks
a
complete
verb
in
the
main
clause.
Both
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choices (C) and (E) provide a verb that agrees with the subject, but
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
choice (E) changes the meaning of the original sentence.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15. A The sentence is correct. So establishes the cause-effect relationship;
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
have lain is the present perfect form of to lie.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16.
C
The
it
does
not
refer
to
acclaim
and
recognition,
which
could
be
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
achieved. It refers to desire, which is either satisfied or not satisfied.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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17.
D
The
original
uses
five
words
where
two
will
do.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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18. A Neither one is singular and takes the singular verb form has been.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
19. C The original idea poses two problems in parallel structure: (1) The two
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
warnings must branch off grammatically from the subject that warns.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(2) If the not only correlative form is used, it should be balanced by a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
phrase
like
but
also.
Only
choice
(C)
meets
both
requirements.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
20.
C
The
sentence
deals
with
a
condition
that
is
not
a
fact
but
a
possibility.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
verb
used
to
express
the
condition
contrary
to
fact
should
be
in
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
subjunctive mood; the verb used to explain the possible conclusion
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
should
be
in
the
conditional
mood.
The
first
clause
should
read:
Had
I
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
realized or If I had realized.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
21. C Choice (A) switches unnecessarily to the second person (you). Choice
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(B) has an agreement problem, using the plural pronoun they to refer to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the singular noun student. Choices (D) and (E) are awkward. Choice
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(C) is best.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
22. B Sentence (4) states that the material presented in the first paragraph,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that
a
dress
code
is
important,
may
not
be
valid.
This
paves
the
way
for
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the presentation of another point of view.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
23.
A
Choices
(B)
and
(C)
contain
comma-splice
errors.
Choice
(E)
is
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fragment. Choice (D) is awkward and omits details. Choice (A) is best.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
24. D Paragraph one presents the opinion of those who favor a dress code.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Paragraph two presents arguments against a dress code. Since
9
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paragraph two offers material opposing that already presented, choice
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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(D) is best.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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25. E The antecedent of they appears to be a person, but they is a plural
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
pronoun
and
person
is
a
singular
noun.
Choices
(A),
(B),
(C),
and
(D)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
do not address this problem. Choice (E) does and is correct.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 585
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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26. E Choice (E) is correct because sentence 15 introduces the topic of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
way
Miless
behavior
changed
over
the
years,
which
is
described
in
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
sentence 12.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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27.
E
It
is
not
a
particularly
interesting
thought,
as
it
is
too
obvious;
also
it
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
interrupts the flow of the sentences about Miless admiration of Charlie
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Parker.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
28. B It is clear and efficient. Examples of wordiness and redundancy in the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
other sentences are the phrase completely and finally in choice (A) and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the phrase and distanced himself in choice (C). Choice (D) is convoluted
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and confusing. Choice (E) makes ineffective use of the passive voice.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
29.
D
This
is
a
logical
conclusion
to
the
discussion
of
the
way
Miles
and
his
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
music changed over the years. The other sentences would be jarring, as
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
they
introduce
new
subjects.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
30. D Choice (A) is unnecessarily complicated. Choices (B) and (C) sound
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
strange
because
Miless
birth
and
his
growing
up
are
in
reverse
9
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chronological
order.
Choice
(E)
does
not
fit
the
style
of
the
rest
of
the
9
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9
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passage, consisting of choppy phrases instead of full sentences.
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Section
4
9
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1. A Keeping a meeting from breaking up requires more than a clear idea or
9
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vision; it requires control, or a grasp of the situation.
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9
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2. C The word commitment signals the appropriate actions of the mayor; to
9
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9
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be
steadfast
in
her
commitment,
she
must
stem,
or
check,
the
increase
of
9
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9
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economic problems for the people who voted her into office.
9
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9
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3.
B
For
the
farmhouse
to
have
been
a
landmark
since
before
the
Civil
War,
9
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9
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it must have been well built, or sturdy.
9
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4. E If she thought her cousin was hateful, it is most likely that she found his
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behavior obnoxious (offensive) and that she was galled, or irritated, to
9
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hear him praised.
9
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9
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9
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5. D Circumspect, meaning watchful or wary, is the only choice that
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9
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makes
sense.
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9
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9
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6. C Accomodate, meaning to provide space for, is the only answer that
9
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9
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makes
sense.
9
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9
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7. A To make promises you know you cannot fulfill is hypocrisy. No other
9
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9
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choice correctly fills both blanks.
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
586 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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8. C One who accepts without question is credulous (tending to believe
9
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9
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readily).
9
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9
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9
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9. B Living organisms are, by definition, independent and self-regulating.
9
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9
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Choice
(A)
makes
little
sense,
seeming
to
apply
to
a
person
who
has
the
9
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9
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power of decision-making. Choices (C) and (D) run counter to the idea
9
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9
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of
life,
since
both
indicate
a
lack
of
vitality.
Choice
(E)
means
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9
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destructive.
9
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9
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9
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10. D This is a definition sentence. Neither choice (A) nor choice (B) makes
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9
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sense. Choices (C) and (E) are illogical, given the meaning of the rest of
9
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the sentence.
9
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9
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9
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11.
C
To
be
gregarious
is
to
be
sociable.
Except
for
choice
(E),
the
other
9
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9
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choices denote unpleasant traits. Choice (E) is wrong, because to be
9
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9
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reticent
is
to
be
hesitant
or
reserved.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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12. E To immerse oneself is to lose oneself, and a movie is an illusion. Look
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
up
the
other
words,
and
youll
find
that
one
or
the
other
of
them
makes
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
no
sense
in
the
context
of
the
sentence.
9
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9
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9
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13. A In the fall, indicates that it is not yet winter, so the best answer is
9
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9
premonition, which means forewarning.
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9
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9
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14. B Ask yourself, What kind of action, in regard to money, would get one
9
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9
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fired?
Stealing
or
embezzling
will
probably
be
the
first
words
that
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
spring to mind. Now look for a synonym of one of these words. Again,
9
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9
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your
vocabulary
must
be
large
enough
to
contain
the
word
pilfered.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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15. A Look up the other words and youll find one or the other of them runs
9
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9
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counter
to
the
overall
meaning
of
the
sentence.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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16. C In this context, the word fixed means situated or found, not its more
9
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common meaningchanged or altered.
9
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9
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17.
E
All
of
the
other
choices
are
explicitly
mentioned
by
the
author
as
the
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resting places of the hummingbird.
9
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9
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18. C Wilson states that nests are sometimes attached to such objects, but
9
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these cases are rare (line 12).
9
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9
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19. D The nest is not easily seen, but it is not invisible, as (C) suggests. Wilson
9
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describes seeing it from below (lines 3536).
9
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9
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20. E Wilson refers to the proprietors darting around to protect the nest
9
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9
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(lines 4042).
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9
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9
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9
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9 587
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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9
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21. C Wilson believes that hummingbirds do feed their young such food,
9
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9
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saying,
I
think
it
highly
probable
they
do
(lines
5456).
However,
he
9
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9
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has not seen it.
9
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9
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9
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22.
B
Since
Wilson
takes
this
to
mean
that
hummingbirds
may
raise
two
9
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9
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broods (line 59), the only possible answer here is (B).
9
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9
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9
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23. A According to the passage (lines 2132), the nest is composed of
9
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9
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bluish-grey lichen glued on with hummingbird saliva, the wings of
9
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9
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flying seeds, and downy substances from fern stalks and from the great
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9
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mullein (another kind of plant).
9
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9
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24. D Lines 1920 show that Wilson is looking at something that is now
9
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9
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lying
before
me.
9
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9
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9
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25. C It can be inferred from the sentence that the hummingbirds migrate into
9
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9
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Pennsylvania
(presumably
from
the
south)
about
the
twenty-fifth
of
9
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9
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April. None of the other choices is supported by the passage.
9
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9
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9
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26. A Although other details about the hummingbird are included, the
9
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9
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passage focuses on hummingbirds nesting.
9
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9
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27. B Most of Wilsons observations in this piece happen in the wild; it is safe
9
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9
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to
assume
that
he
would
study
crows
the
same
way.
9
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9
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9
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9
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Section
5
9
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1. A The 3, 5, and 7 in both the numerator and denominator divide each
9
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9
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1
9
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other
out,
leaving
a
value
of
.
9
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9
9
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9
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2. D The quick method of solution is to divide both sides of the equation by
9
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9
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1
9
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5. This leaves c 5 5. Another method is to solve for c first:
9
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3
9
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9
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9
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5
9
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c 5 25
9
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3
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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3 5
3
9
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c5
25!
~
9
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5 3
5
9
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9
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75
9
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c
5
5
15
9
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5
9
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9
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1
9
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c55
9
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3
9
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9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
588 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S DS D S D

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
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9
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9
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9
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3. B Rounding to the nearest thousand means just dealing with the 2,471
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
part
of
the
number.
Since
471
is
less
than
500,
round
down
to
2,000.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This makes the rounded number equal to 732,000.
9
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9
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9
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4.
C
The
distance
Sally
walks
is
equal
to
the
rate
she
walks
multiplied
by
the
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
time she walks, or D 5 RT. In this case, c 5 the rate she walks and 4 5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
time
she
walks,
which
makes
the
answer
4c.
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9
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9
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5. C First, convert 15 minutes to hours to make the units of measurement
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
match, 15 minutes 5 .25 hour. In this case, it is easier to work with
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
decimals, so rewrite also mile 5 .75 mile. Now set up the following
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
proportion
and
solve
for
x:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
xhr
.25hr
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.75mi 9mi
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(.75)x 5 (.25)(9)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
(.25)(9)

(.75)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
3hr
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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6.
E
First,
translate
the
words
into
an
equation:
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A positive number (x) is added (1) to the square of that number
9
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2
2
9
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(x ) becomes: x 1 x . The result is 42 becomes: 5 42. So, the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
translation into an algebraic equation is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
42
x
1
x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
In this case, it is fastest to just plug in the numbers until you find the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
correct answer, 6 1 62 5 6 1 36 5 42.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
An
alternate
solution
is
to
solve
the
quadratic
equation
for
x.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
x 1 x 2 42 5 0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(x 2 6)(x 1 7) 5 0
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

x
5
6
or
x
5
27
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Since x must be positive, x 5 6.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. B Solve this one by setting |32x| 5 4. The choice that fulfills this
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
condition
is
x
5
7.
Thus,
we
have
|327|
5
|24|
5
4.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 589
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8. B If you recognized the diagonal as the hypotenuse of a 3-4-5 triangle,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
will
know
immediately
that
the
length
of
the
diagonal
is
5.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Otherwise, you can solve this problem by using the Pythagorean
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Theorem,
which
states:
the
sum
of
the
squares
of
each
leg
of
a
right
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
b
5
c
,
where
triangle
is
equal
to
the
square
of
the
hypotenuse,
or
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a and b are the sides of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse. Using
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
this
formula,
we
have:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3 14 5c
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9 1 16 5 c
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
c 5 25
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
c55
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9. D We know that, when a line intersects two parallel lines, both the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
measure of angle a and the 40 angle must be equal. We know that a 1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b 5 180, and since a 5 40, we have:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
40 1 b 5 180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b 5 180 2 40
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b 5 140
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10. A The expression can be factored to:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~5x 1 2!~x 1 2!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
1
2
x
2
2
~
!~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The expression (x 1 2) can be divided in both the numerator and the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
denominator, leaving the answer:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5x 1 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x22
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11. C We know the measure of one angle of the isosceles triangle and we
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
know that the measures of two angles of the triangle must be equal to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
each
other.
Since
the
measures
of
all
three
angles
added
together
must
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equal 180, we have the following relations:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18 1 2a 5 180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2a 5 162
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
a
5
81
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
590 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18 1 c 1 b 5 180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18 1 18 1 b 5 180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
36
1
b
5
180
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
b 5 144
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Thus,
there
are
three
possible
answers
(18,
81,
or
144).
Only
81
is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
an answer choice.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12.
B
The
circumference
of
a
circle
is
C
5
2pr.
We
are
given
C
5
158,
so
we
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
have:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
158
5
2pr
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
or
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
r
5
158
4
2p
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
r ' 25
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13.
A
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 2 7 cannot be a negative number, so the only possible choice is
=
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the one for which x 7.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
14.
B
First
translate
the
English
into
algebra:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
What is 7% of 60
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
becomes x 5
60!
~
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
100
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 4.2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15.
B
To
find
the
solutions
to
the
equation,
set
x
2
a
5
0
and
x
2
b
5
0.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Solving
for
x
yields
the
solutions,
x
5
a
and
x
5
b.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16.
C
The
formula
for
the
area
of
a
circle
is
A
5
pr
.
Since
the
radius
of
a
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
circle is the diameter, r 5 5. By plugging 5 into the formula, the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
answer is obtained, A 5 p5 5 25p.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
17. D Solving for y:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y 5 42 x.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Squaring both sides:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
5
4
2
x
y
~
!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 (4 2 x)(4 2 x)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
16
2
8x
1
x
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 591
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

S D

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
18. E Solve this one by multiplying through by 5. This yields: 235 , 5x , 220.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
only
choice
that
satisfies
this
condition
is
221.50.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
19. D It is easy to compare the numbers without getting mixed up if you make
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
all
the
choices
the
same
number
of
decimal
places.
Since
.1912
has
four
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
decimal places, put zeroes in the other choices to make them all read
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
four
decimal
places.
Its
faster
to
just
do
this
mentally,
but
you
are
less
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
likely to make a mistake if you can quickly write them in. Now it is easy
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to see that .1920 is the greatest number.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
20. B The combination with the least sum will have the three least different
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
numbers. To satisfy this condition, choose:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
C 5 {4}
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
D 5 {5}
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
E
5
{2}
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
This makes the sum 5 11.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
21. E Solve this problem using the rules for signs and a bit of logical
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
reasoning. Using negative integers approaching zero (0) will yield the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
least product. Start with 21, then decrease the values of x and y if
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
necessary. The first two values that satisfy the equation are: y 5 22, x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 21 [21 2 (22) 5 1]. Accordingly, xy 5 2.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Section 6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1.
D
Exponentially
is
related
to
the
word
exponent,
but
isnt
used
here
in
a
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
math sense.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. B The tone of the passage should have told you that choices (A),
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
indignation, and (E), resignation are incorrect. The content will tell you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
that
choices
(C)
and
(D)
arent
correct.
This
is
a
straightforward
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
explanation
of
why
outsourcing
is
occurring.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. E If you read the question quickly and didnt go back to the passage, you
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
might have chosen choices (A), (B), or (C) because each seems to work
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
with the word trial. Always go back to the passage.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4.
C
This
is
another
example
of
why
its
important
to
go
back
to
the
passage
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
to check your answer. On a quick read of the question and the answers,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
you
might
have
been
distracted
by
the
use
of
words
from
the
passage
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
and
chosen
any
of
one
of
the
wrong
answers.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
592 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5. B King urges his listeners to continue to work with the faith that
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
unearned
suffering
is
redemptive.
Even
if
you
did
not
know
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
meaning of redemptive, you could infer that it promised something
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
positive.
Of
the
choices
only
(B)
satisfies
this
condition.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6. D The last paragraph gives Kings belief that . . . this situation can and
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
will
be
changed.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7. E This is stated in the last paragraph and sums up the point of the entire
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
speech.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8. A King is attempting to inspire his listeners.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9.
D
Lines
4651
state
that
this
new
attitude
.
.
.
must
not
lead
us
to
a
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers . . . have
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10. C King states in lines 2426: There will be neither rest nor tranquility in
9
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9
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America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
9
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9
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9
11. C Paragraph four specifically mentions creative protest.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
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9
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12. A The second paragraph discusses the whirlwinds of revolt that will
9
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9
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continue
until
justice
prevails;
the
third
paragraph
urges
listeners
to
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
obey the law, as . . . we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Thus
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
nonviolent
resistance
is
the
best
response.
9
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9
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9
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13. D This is a completely literal statement. As the rest of the passage makes
9
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9
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clear,
the
narrator
never
really
knew
Alda.
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
14. D To answer this synthesis/analysis question will require looking back at
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the paragraph and tracing its structure. The narrator describes what
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Alda looked like, speculates on what she sounded like, and guesses
9
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9
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what she moved like, in that order.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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15. C Docile has several connotations, but a look back at the citation in
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
question will tell you that only two of the choices could easily be
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
applied
to
hair,
and
(A)
is
exactly
opposite
to
the
meaning
the
narrator
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
intends.
9
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9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16.
A
In
the
first
sentence
of
paragraph
3,
the
author
suggests
that
his
fear
of
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
reality was the reason he failed to meet Alda. This is the first time he has
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
made such a suggestion. Paragraph 3 might also be said to support (C),
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
but so do paragraphs 1 and 2. Choices (D) and (E) are not supported
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
anywhere in the passages.
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 593
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
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9
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9
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9
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Section
7
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1. The correct answer is n 5 2. Substituting 3n then n into f(x) 5 x 1 6 yields
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
f(3n) 5 (3n) 1 6 5 9n 1 6 and 3f(n) 5 3(n 1 6) 5 3n 1 18. Since we are
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
given that f(3n) 5 3f(n), we know that 9n 1 6 5 3n 1 18. Simplifying this
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
expression gives us 9n 2 3n 5 18 2 6 or 6n 5 12, which is equivalent to
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
n 5
or n 5 2.
9
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6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2. The correct answer is 0.1225. In order to get the relationships right in this
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
problem,
separate
the
problem
into
two
components
x
and
y.
Let
x
5
5%
of
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7 and y 5 7% of 5. Now you have simplified the problem to: what is xy. Just
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
solve for x and y, then multiply them together to get the answer:
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 ~0.05!~7! 5 0.35
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
y
5
0.07
5
5
0.35
~
!~
!
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
xy 5 ~0.35!~0.35!
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
xy 5 0.1225
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3. The correct answer is 125 cubic inches. In a cube, all sides are of equal
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
15
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
length. This means that each side has length
5 5. Now, just plug 5 into
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the formula for the volume of a cube (s ) to get the answer:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
V
5
s
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 53
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 125
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4. The correct answer is 15. Solve this problem by setting up an equation,
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
letting
x
be
the
unknown
fourth
number,
then
solving
for
x.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
1
7
1
9
1
x
~
! 5 8.5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3 1 7 1 9 1 x 5 (4)(8.5)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
19
1
x
5
34
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 34 2 19
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 15
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
594 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

www.petersons.com

ANSWERS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5. The correct answer is $7.50. To get this answer, translate the words into an
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
equation,
let
x
stand
for
the
unknown
original
price,
then
solve
for
x.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
65
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6 5 .80x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.80
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 7.50
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
6. The correct answer is 400. Find this answer by putting the words into
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
algebraic form, letting x be the unknown total number of people taking the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
test,
and
solving
for
x.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
260 5 65% of x
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
260 5 (.65)(x)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
260
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x
5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
.65
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
x 5 400
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
7.
The
correct
answer
may
be
any
number
in
the
range
.125
,
x
,
.200.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
8.
The
correct
answer
is
16.
Since
3
5
27,
x
5
3.
Substituting
3
into
the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(3
1
1)
4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
2
5
16.
Remember
that
the
question
expression
yields
the
answer
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(x 1 1)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
is, not what the value of x is.
asks what the value of the expression 2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
(The value of x is 3.)
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9. The correct answer is 1000. Remember, a decimal is an integer divided by
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
3
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
some unit of 10. In this case, the ratio is 3 to 1000, or
5 .003.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1000
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
10.
The
correct
answer
is
20
feet.
First
find
the
area
of
the
square.
We
know
its
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
side has length s 5 4 feet.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
5
s
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5
4
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 16 feet
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Now use the area just calculated to find the length of the long side of the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rectangle. We are given that the two figures have equal area, which
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
means
the
area
of
the
rectangle
is
also
16
feet.
Now
solve
for
the
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
rectangles long side using the formula for area of a rectangle.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A
5
l

w
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9 595
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

SD

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Substituting 16 5 l 2
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
16
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
l5
9
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2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
l 5 8 feet
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
You didnt forget the question, did you? It asks you to find the perimeter of
9
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9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
rectangle,
not
its
length.
The
perimeter
of
the
rectangle
is
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
P
5
2(l)
1
2(w)
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 2(8) 1 2(2)
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 16 1 4
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
5 20 feet
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
11. The correct answer is 3.57. The area of a circle with radius 2 is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A1 5 pr2 5 4p 5 12.57 to two decimal places.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
The
area
of
a
square
with
side
3
is:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A2 5 s 5 3 5 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
To find the answer, the area remaining, subtract the area of the square from
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the area of the circle:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
A1 2 A2 5 12.57 2 9 5 3.57
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
12. The correct answer is 3. Substituting the values given into the formula for
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
the
area
of
a
triangle
gives
us:
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
1
1
1
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
~6 2 4! 3 5 6 5 3
Area 5 Base Height 5
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
2
2
2
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
13. The correct answer is 0. Any other digit could not produce this result.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
Section 8
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
As
you
might
expect,
answers
will
vary.
If
possible,
politely
ask
a
teacher,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
fellow student, or some other person knowledgeable about formal essay
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
writing to review your essay and provide feedback on ways in which the
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
essay
is
commendable
and
on
areas
where
it
could
be
improved.
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
596 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 9
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

SD

www.petersons.com

Scoring Worksheet

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
MATH
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Number
Number
Raw
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Correct
Incorrect
5
Score
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
2 (.25 3
) 5
Section 2
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 5
2 (.25 3
) 5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 7
2 (.25 3
) 5
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
CRITICAL READING
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Sections
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1, 4, and 6
2 (.25 3
) 5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
WRITING
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 3
2 (.25 3
) 5
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
Section 8 Go to www.petersons.com/satessayedge/
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
for instant online scoring and feedback.
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
12
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

Scoring Worksheet

597

Part IV: Taking Three Practice Tests

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
MATH
CRITICAL READING
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Raw
Math
Scaled
Raw
Math
Scaled
Raw
Verbal
Scaled
Raw
Verbal
Scaled
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
Score
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
78
800
37
510
60
800
28
500
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
77
800
36
510
59
800
27
490
7
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7
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76
800
35
500
58
790
26
490
7
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75
790
34
500
7
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57
770
25
480
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
74
780
33
490
56
760
24
470
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
73
770
32
490
55
740
23
460
7
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72
760
31
480
7
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54
720
22
460
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
71
750
30
480
7
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53
710
21
450
7
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70
740
29
470
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
52
700
20
440
7
69
730
28
460
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
51
690
19
430
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
68
720
27
460
7
12234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
50
680
18
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
67
710
26
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
49
670
17
420
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
66
700
25
450
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
48
660
16
410
65
700
24
440
7
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47
650
15
410
7
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64
690
23
440
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
46
640
14
400
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
63
680
22
430
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
45
630
13
390
62
670
21
420
7
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7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
44
620
12
380
61
670
20
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
43
610
11
370
60
660
19
410
7
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
42
600
10
360
7
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59
650
18
400
7
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41
600
9
350
58
640
17
390
7
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7
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57
640
16
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40
590
8
340
7
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
56
630
15
380
39
580
7
330
7
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55
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14
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7
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38
570
6
320
7
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54
610
13
360
37
560
5
310
7
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7
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53
610
12
360
36
560
4
300
7
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52
600
11
350
7
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35
550
3
280
7
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51
600
10
340
7
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34
540
2
270
7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
50
590
9
330
33
540
1
250
7
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7
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49
590
8
320
32
530
0
240
7
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48
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7
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7
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31
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21
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7
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47
570
6
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
30
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22
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7
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46
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5
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7
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29
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23 and
200
45
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4
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
below
7
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44
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3
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7
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7
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43
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7
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7
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1
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7
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
41
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0
230
7
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7
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39
520
22
210
7
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38
520
23
and
200
1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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below
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1 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 7
7
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Score Charts

598

Chapter

9
A Final WordWhew!
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Congratulations!
You
have
just
read
through
a
mountain
of
SAT-related
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information!
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If you have studied all the strategies and techniques, learned the formats for each
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9
section, and practiced on the sample questions, then you should feel pretty good
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about your chances on the real test. Theres only so much preparation you can do,
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and if youve finished this book, youve done more than most people. Be confident
9
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about
your
chances
on
the
real
test,
because
at
the
very
least,
this
book
has
shown
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you what to expect on the SAT, even in its new format. You would be surprised
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at
how
peoples
scores
improve
when
they
have
an
idea
of
what
the
test
will
be
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like. It makes a big difference when a test leaves the realm of mysterious,
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unexpected
exam
and
becomes
just
another
standardized
test.
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9
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Thats all the SAT is, really; another standardized test. By now, you should realize
9
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that
the
SAT
says
nothing
about
your
potential
as
a
college
student.
If
you
do
well
9
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on
the
test,
then
youre
a
good
standardized
test-taker,
nothing
more.
But
dont
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9
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sell yourself short. You worked hard and it paid off. Your good score should help
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you get into the college of your choice, and thats no small thing!
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9
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We would wish you luck on the SAT, but if youve read this book, you wont need
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it. You will have made your own luck, and your SAT score will reflect it.
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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9
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599