CHAPTER XI

A society is composed of individuals of different background, aspiration, capacities, and personalities. Basically, individuals join other individuals to live in groups and form societies for reason of survival. This collective life of the people is made by the development of language, through communication and the common definition of norms they share expectations of what is proper and right behavior for members. As they relate themselves with others, they bear in mind the status they hold and the expected roles related to the status processed. Garcia, et al (1984:36) state that the ways in which individuals or groups may vary but the basic structure remains the same. These structural relationships make up the process of interaction. Social Interaction is a process of successive responses of individuals within a society. Through the process of noticing and responding to the various action and relations of individuals, in a social situation, a pattern of behavior is being followed. For every perceived by an individual from another, he gave meaning and interpreted individual responses according to his interpretations of the action. The individuals perception is conditioned and determined by his own culture. The responses to action are often influenced by set of norms prepared by the people. Social interaction goes on smoothly if the individual interacting shares a common understanding of the actions and situations where they are in. Thus, every society has ready set of behavior for a particular action. Social process refers to the patterned and recurrent forms of social interaction that lead to define end. They are forms of interactions that are repeated. According to George Simmel, founder of the Formal School Sociology. It is possible to discover a number of relatively patterned elements of conflict, cooperation, and competition

in social relationship although the concrete manifestations of these elements would vary according to the peculiarities of each concrete social situation. The basic social processes which are fundamental and important are cooperation, competition, conflict and differentiation. From the basic process grow or develop other social processes which re called derive social processes. From the competition and conflict, accommodation is derived; from cooperation, develops assimilation, amalgamation, and acculturation. Differentiation is derived from social stratification. An understanding of these different social processes will give one an insight into the whys and wherefores of the peoples behavior. Basic Social Process Competition is a form of opposition or struggle for securing a reward like prize, a material object, a position, leadership, prestige or power. Since it is less form of opposition, the competing person or groups try to achieve their ends through the use of appeals or gimmicks to sway their favor, the person or group that judges the results of the struggle. Personal Competition is a type of competition which involves direct , face to face contact as seen in the competition for high grades in school, a beauty title, a job leadership or championship trophy. Intrapersonal Competition involves a struggle between groups in which one is directly aware of the other (Cordero, et al, 1978:119). One who opens a supermarket is a competing with all the others in the same area. Business firms and government entities compete to get dynamic young men into the staff. Industrial establishment may compete form customers. Rice growers in the Philippines are competing with other growers, like Taiwan or Burna. Nation competes for markets and economic resources. Conflict is defined as a direct and openly antagonistic struggle of persons or groups for the same objectives or end which is generally characterized by emotionalized and violent opposition (Mack, et. al 1973:53). It is an activity intended to hurt others physically or mentally such as the use of malicious gossip, Black Propaganda, cut throat techniques, fight, massacres, strikes or even rebellion.

Both competition and conflict are motivated by desire to secure a scarce goal or common value. So, they are both processes of opposition. For example; in basketball two teams play hard to win. Practice, teamwork, and goal coach may insure winning. But when opposing teams resort to bribery and cheating, the game deteriorates to conflict. Conflict arises also when two or more individuals have different ideas on how to achieve the same goals. Both the government and the opposition aim to improve the condition of the masses, but the means to achieve the ends differ for an example. Cooperation is a social process in which people work together to achieve a common goal and to share its benefits. The mutual sharing of efforts and abilities to achieve the desire ends are the common feature of this process. However, the degree of cooperation behavior habit pattern. He then becomes aware of the importance of reaching a common goal through concerted efforts even in a larger extent. Cooperation in the family is an example of primary cooperation. It is characterized as a spontaneous and involves mutual give-and-take relationship. Secondary cooperation is a deliberated contractual nature prescribing the specific reciprocal right and obligations of the members. Goals and objectives are formally laid out, plans are drawn and leadership is provided. The type of cooperation is seen in large scale economic organization, government organizations, civic groups or international associations. Symbiotic cooperation is a condition when two or more members of the society that live together harmoniously are independent resulting in mutual self-interests. It lacks a common goal or objective. This is seen in the division of labor in society and in the market place. Sellers and agriculture products, makers of various craft and manufacturers bring their products to markets where an interchange of goods place. Differentiation as term used to offer some kind of specialization, status and role which is related to the division of labor. Differentiation of roles may depend on such factors as sex, age, wealth accumulated and others. This is less distinct in simple societies than in complex ones. For example, the Tasadays divide their work among themselves through most of their activities and centered only to food gathering. However, as society becomes more and more complex, the surplus of

goods is increased like wealth, privileges and prestige. With the demand for these things becoming greater than supply, there will be a competitive struggle or some degree in conflict. The consequence in some inequality and differentiation of social status. In the industrial society, the complex division of labor and the increase variety of scarce skills, occupation and professions provide opportunities for relatively high paying jobs consequent high status. This differentiation of social status, lifestyle and prestige lead to the creation of subculture, as well as the development of social stratification.

Derived Social Processes From the basic social processes, there evolve or develop other social processes which are called derived social process. Accommodation is a process by which conflicting or competing parties make a conscious effort to develop such working arrangement among them as will suspend the conflict and make their relations more tolerable and less wasteful of energy. Working arrangements are develop to enable them to pursue their respective activities. Accommodation may take different forms but the motives remain the same to avoid conflict. There are many ways to achieve accommodation process. One form of accommodation is domination which has the characteristics of coercion or superior subordinate type where the stronger party imposes its will and makes the other yield. In the family, a dominant father may subdue the other member and conflict is minimal zed. Truce is a form of accommodation which is an agreement to stop hostilities or fighting for a certain period of time while both parties talk of a peaceful solution to the problem, which will be satisfactory to both. If no agreement is realized, treaties or formal agreements are often preceded by a temporary cessation of hostilities.

CHAPTER XII

Socialization is a process by which individual learns to conform to the norms if his social group, acquires a status and plays a corresponding role and emerges with personality. (Cordero et al)This extends through the development of the human personality from infancy to senility. The family serves the primer for the socialization of the members if the society. The mother usually acts as the initial socialization agent. Born basically a dependent organism, the infant derives his strength from the warmth of his mothers affection as she lulls him to sleep, as she watches over him day and night, as if always on guard against any foreign force or element that would endanger her little one. The father and her mother are his first teachers and his brothers and sisters are his playmates and competitors. In the degree of interaction, participant is capable of developing the self as he brings himself into interaction with the other selves to attain the goals of the society in general. The concept of role playing in the society is important in that he has a role to play which in itself, is both privilege and responsibility (Garcia, et al., 1980:52) Social Self is concerned with the individuals perception of himself and his role in relation with the other as well as his attitude toward himself and others. Every man is in some respect like all the men, for he is a number of the society; like some other men, for he is a member of a particular society with a distinctive culture undergoes common experiences with his fellow members; he is brought up in a family: he learns two communicate using the language of the society, studies and works, his actions are controlled by laws (Kuluckholm, et al., 1963:134). All these to motivate him to react as what do like no other man, for he is an individual

equipped with original endowments, guided by his own philosophy, having own idiosyncrasies and experiences peculiar to him. The two important components of the social self are the looking glass self which is a term used to refer to the way the individual look at himself which is used as image of himself, his aspiration and expectations, his talents and limitations, his achievements and failures and his notions on how to look when others look at him. The development of the looking glass is primary rooted in the child reaping practice of the family. A childs learning styles are predominantly by limitation identification. He tends to imitate the adults with whom he closely mingles. Hence, a parent or either the father or the mother becomes the model. As the child grows, he learns to select ideas and perception and becomes discriminative of his selection of models, which is turn dependent upon his social orientation, in case conflicts occur between the model group and person concerned it is still his self perception that prevails. The self is transformed into a reflexive one capable of internalizing the expected actions of others and acts accordingly. This is called the generalized others. Here the individual learns to view himself as others see him and this paves the way for the acquisition of the groups values and attitudes. Personality refers to all the factors that influence a persons characteristics ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling (Santos, 1984:22). It is the persons image of others. The factors of personality are the physical, the influence, the social, the emotional and values system. Physical factor is a component of personality which includes the modes of dressing, posture, manner of walking, body build, health, complexion, facial expression, and other concrete anatomical elements. Intellectual factor shows a person talks and what he is talks about, etc. In short, it is the development of the brain. Social factor is the component of the personality that includes good and correct manner of the individual. That is to do the right thing at the right time and on the right place; to act in the proper manner and to get along well with the others correctly. Emotional factor is a component of personality that includes a persons likes and dislikes, whether he is outgoing or shy, whether he is calm or nervous

and whether he loses his temper easily or keep his cool. Personality problems such as hoe to stay mentally healthy or to avoid mental disorders are some problems that are emotional in nature. Lastly, the values system includes a persons attitude, belief and philosophy in life. It shows in the way people judge whether ones action and the action of others are right or wrong.

Determinants of Personality Development There are two determinants of personality formation namely: biological inheritance and environment. Biological inheritance is a made up of raw materials which equip the individual to form his personality, such as physical structure, constitutional characteristics, reflexes, urges and capacities. The reflexes are rigid, automatic and unlearned; they may set limits of what the person can do. Urges refer to impulses, drives or tensions within the individual. These arise form the biological needs like food, clothing and shelter, which provide the beginning of socialization. Capacity refers to the intelligence or the ability to learn. Environment consists of all the things surrounding an individual like his family, school, church, social groups and other groups with which interact from the very beginning. Each group puts pressure on the individual and therefore behaves in a certain way as a result of being with these groups. This type of behavior changes with each situation and condition. As an individual behaves differently when he is with friends than when with his parents, teachers, and others than himself (due to pressure of authoritative figure.) Personality emerges in the process of socialization. Through his interaction with the family, his play group, and other members of the society, he requires the norms, skill, belief and standards of judgment of the culture f his group. Moreover, in the different groups of which an individual is a member, he acquires particular status and plays a corresponding role. Relevant to the role are the culture patterns, attitudes and values which he has to follow and internalize.

While status refers to ones position in a social system, the sum is the total of all the statuses he occupies in relation to the society and the roles he play. For instance, the status of Mr. Reyes as member of the community comes from the combination of all the statuses he holds as the husband of Mrs. B. Reyes, a father of six (6), a barangay captain, an electronic engineer, am member of the ParentTeachers Association and the Rotary Club. The various roles an individual plays are very important and serve to integrate personality. Deviant Behavior In spite of the general tendency of the social control mechanism of the socialization process to enforce conformity, there are instance of variation, disregard for, defiance of nonconformity to or flouting of social norms, established standards of the group. (Cordero, et al 1978:79). This behavior may be tolerated, approved or disapproved. For instance, the scholars, the outstanding leader in medicine, science art, education, the mass media, pre marital relation, divorce, bigamy, are disapproved behavior. Smoking, drinking alcohol, gambling, though these are vices, is socially tolerated in our society. Whatever is being deviant differs in time and place.

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF MANAGEMANT AND BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY SUMACAB CAMPUS

CHAPTER XI and CHAPTER XII SUBMITTED BY:

SUBMITTED TO:

ARIEL P. BALTISOTO BSBA 3E

REACTION PAPER:

THIRD PROVINCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SEMINAR

On the 13th day of December at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, the 3rd Provincial Entrepreneurship Seminar happens. The CMBT Faculty are the one who organize the seminar which divides themselves into Executive Committee, Working Committee (which is either assigned to Registration & Evaluation/ training kits, certificates, food and snack /Accommodation/ Sound System & Venue/ Stage Decor & Physical Arrangement/ Program & Invitation/ Cleanliness & Orderliness / Peace and Order/ Ways & Means/ Intermission & Master of Ceremony) and Consultants. The faculty joined forces together to achieved seminar like no other and hey made it happen. The day was started as early as 8oclock in the morning with the Registration and Evaluation before getting their in their own sits the teacher assigns to the Registration and Evaluation will give brown envelope containing the Program/Invitation and a ball pen that is very useful in taking down notes to the speakers. After the participants have their sits the program started with the preliminaries or also called in my own opinion as talent portion. Some students shared their innermost talents in singing and dancing. Right after the Preliminaries, and then followed by Invocation showcasing a video presentation. Moments after the invocation, the time to sing the Philippine National Anthem with the GMA Networks video Presentation in visualization. The assistant Dean of CMBT the opening remarks to the participants and to the guest speakers.

Followed by the Statement of Purpose from the Dean of CMBT & CHRM, Mrs. Marilou P. Pascual. After the Dean some speakers gave inspirational message to the participants. The Part 2 of the program begins with the presentation of participants conducted by Mrs. Asuncion E. Reyes. The CMBTs very own B-MOVERZ show what they got in a few minutes intermission number which sets the moods of the participants and others in the venue. The President of FPTA Mrs. Mercedes D. Santos introduced the guest speaker, Aurora P. Espiritu who is well known as IBM in Pasig Area. The Co-Chair of Seminar Mrs. Rollieza Grace D. Taruc introduces Mrs. Thelma G. Vergara who was well known as the Manager of AVON TALAVERA BRANCH. Mrs. Vergara stated how she became successful by just selling AVON products to now managing her own branch. After some testimony to the said to the guest speakers, an open forum was held in which participants are given the chance to ask the speakers questions among others moderated by Mr. Felipe E. Balaria and Miss Jonalyn E. Tuazon. Right after the First Open Forum the speakers are awarded with a Certificate of Recognition. After the lunch break, Mrs. Suzette D. Perez introduces the Resource Speaker. The seminars Resource Speaker is the well known author of the best selling books such as Till Debt do Us Part and For Richer for Poorer to name a few. Mr. Tan started his testimony by explaining why Experience is best teacher. He also made emphasis of the mindset we have to make in order to have a successful life. He also shares how Entrepreneurs thinks and he said; Why would I make someone rich if I can make myself rich? that phrase opens my mind into a new dimension that I should have my own business too. Mr. Tan also shows a computation containing the average salary of an employee that is not enough to purchase cars; gadgets and others in very small money take in. The resource Speaker define entrepreneur as: the one who is willing to start small but they think big and the one who is willing to take calculated risk and is not afraid to fail. He also elaborated that Knowledge make money, gives you ideas, and ideas gives you knowledge. And he ended that with saying More Knowledge, More Money. My thoughts about this seminar are it is very helpful and I would like to congratulate CMBT Faculty for making this happen. The faculty selected a very impressive line-up of Guest Speakers and a very inspirational Resource Speaker. All in all, the seminar was a nice lecture to be added that we are mentally nourished with tips, ideas and strategies that will be our weapon in facing tomorrows challenges.