ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY

An Introductory History
FIFTH EDITION

R. Jon McGee Richard L. W a r m s

Graw Hill

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CONTENTS

5^

Preface

viii 1

Introduction Part O n e

HISTORICAL F O U N D A T I O N S OF A N T H R O P O L O G I C A L T H E O R Y Nineteenth-Century Evolutionism 6 13 30 45

1. Herbert Spencer, The Social Organism (1860) 3. Lewis Henry Morgan, Ethnical Periods (1877)

2. Sir Edward Burnett Tylor, The Science of Culture (1871)

4. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Feuerbach. Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlook ( 1 8 4 5 - 1 8 4 6 ) 57 The F o u n d a t i o n s of S o c i o l o g i c a l T h o u g h t 74 78 85

5. mile Durkheim, What Is a Social Fact? (1895) 6. Marcel Mauss, Excerpts from The Gift (1925) 7. Max Weber, Class, Status, Party (1922) Part Two 97

C U L T U R E T H E O R Y IN T H E E A R L Y T W E N T I E T H C E N T U R Y Historical P a r t i c u l a r i s m 112 117 125

111

8. Franz Boas, The Methods of Ethnology (1920) 9. A. L. Kroeber, Eighteen Professions (1915)

10. Benjamin L. Whorf, The Relation of Habitual Thought and to Language (1939) 131

Behavior

vi Functionalism 150

Contents

11. Bronislaw Malinowski, The Essentials of the Kula (1922) 12. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, On Joking Relationships 13. Max Gluckman, The Licence in Ritual (1956) Culture and Personality 195 (1940) 181

154 170

14. Ruth Fulton Benedict, Psychological Types in the Cultures of the Southwest 15. Margaret Mead: Introduction Part Three T H E O R Y AT M I D C E N T U R Y 219 220 223 to Coming of Age in Samoa ( 1928) 211

(1928)

200

T h e R e e m e r g e n c e of E v o l u t i o n a r y T h o u g h t

16. Leslie White, Energy and the Evolution of Culture (1943) 17. Julian Steward, The Patrilineal Band (1955) 243

Neomaterialism: Evolutionary, Functionalist, Ecological, a n d Marxist

259

18. Morton H. Fried, On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State (1960) 263 19. Marvin Harris, The Cultural Ecology of India's Sacred Cattle (1966) 277 20. Roy A. Rappaport, Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations Among a New Guinea People (1967) 293 2 1 . Eric Wolf, Peasantry and Its Problems (1966) Structuralism 320 Sketch (1960) 330 322 306

22. Claude Lvi-Strauss, Four Winnebago Myths: A Structural

23. Sherry B. Ortner, Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture? (1974) E t h n o s c i e n c e a n d C o g n i t i ve A n t h r o p o l o g y 344 348 (1969)

24. Harold C. Conklin, Hanuno Color Categories (1955) 25. Stephen A. Tyler, Introduction to Cognitive Anthropology Part Four T H E LATE T W E N T I E T H C E N T U R Y AND B E Y O N D

352

369 370

Sociobiology, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavioral Ecology 26. Edward O. Wilson, The Morality of the Gene (1975) 373

27. Rebecca Bliege Bird, Eric Alden Smith, and Douglas W. Bird, The Hunting Costly Signaling in Human Foraging Strategies (2001) 379

Handicap:

Contents Anthropology and Gender 396 (1975) Conceptual 399 and

vii

28. Sally Slocum, Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology 29. Eleanor Leacock, Interpreting Prohlems (1983) 408 the Origins of Gender Inequality:

Historical

30. David Valentine, "I Went to Bed with My Own Kind Once": The Erasure of Desire in the Name of Identity (2003) 423 S y m b o l i c a n d Interpretive A n t h r o p o l o g y 31. Mary Douglas, External Boundaries 438 (1966) 440 449 467

32. Victor Turner, Symbols in Ndembu Ritual (1967)

33. Clifford Geertz, Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight (1973) B a c k g r o u n d to P o s t m o d e r n i s m 34. Pierre Bourdieu, Structures, 488 Habitus, Practices (1980) to Discourse (1976) 492 508

35. Michel Foucault, The Incitement P o s t m o d e r n i s m a n d Its Critics 520

36. Renato Rosaldo, Grief and a Headhunter's Rage (1989) 524 37. Lila Abu-Lughod, A Tale of Two Pregnancies (1995) 539 38. Allan Hanson, The Making of the Maori: Cultural Invention and Its Logic (1989) G l o b a l i z a t i o n , Power, a n d A g e n c y 565 549

39. Arjun Appadurai, Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990) 567 40. Philippe Bourgois, From Jbaro to Crack Dealer: Confronting Capitalism in El Barrio (1995) 587 the Restructuring of

41. Theodore Bestor, Kaiten-Zushi and Konbini; Japanese Food Culture in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (2006) 603 Bibliography Credits Index C-l 1-1 B-l