4960 - Kabbalah: Jewish Mysticism, Myth, and Magic

Last revised 1-05

This course is an introduction to Jewish mysticism, presented in historical survey.

Through lectures and readings from seminal texts: The Song of the Sabbath Sacrifice, III
Enoch, Sefer Yetzirah, the Bahir, Sefer Chasidim, The Treatise on the Left Emanation, the
Zohar, and Sefer ha-Gilgulim, the course will explore the major topics of Jewish
Kabbalah, including mystical cosmogony, apocalypse, and eschatology, theosophy,
word-mysticism, meditation, and mystical-magical rituals of power.

Required Texts:
The Ancient Jewish Mysticism, Joseph Dan, Tel Aviv: MOD (Ministry of Defense), 1993,
ISBN 965-05-0678-0
The Early Kabbalah, Joseph Dan, ed., New York: Paulist Press, 1986, ISBN:
0809127695
The Zohar: Annotated and Explained, Daniel Matt, Woodstock: Skylight Paths, 2002
ISBN 1893361519
The Thirteen Petalled Rose, Adin Steinsaltz, Jason Aronson, 1992, ISBN 0-87668-350-9

Recommended Text:
The Jewish Study Bible : Tanakh Translation, Adele Berlin (Editor) Michael Fishbane
(Editor) Marc Zvi Brettler (Editor) Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN: 0195297512.
The Hidden and Manifest God, Peter Schafer, SUNY Press, 1992, ISBN 0791410439

Seeds of the Esoteric: The Bible

Cosmogony (Gen. 1-2; Psalm 74; Job 38-40)
Apocalypse (Isa. 6; Ezek. 1; Zechariah 1-4;14)
Eschatology (Isa. 9; 11; 25; 40-66; Daniel 4-10)
Magic (Ex. 4)
The Mind of God (Deut. 18; Song of Songs)

Apocalypse may be now! Apocalyptic Literature

I Enoch
Jubilees

God is in His Temple: Priestly Mysticism of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Rule of the Community
Song of the Sabbath Sacrifice
The War Scroll

Maasei Bereshit u’Maasei Mervakah

Mysticism in the Talmud (Chag. 12b-16b; Shabbat 67a-b; Berakhot 7b)

Little Lower than the Angels: Hechalot Mysticism

Mystical Ascent: (Enoch III; Hechalot Rabbati)
You Bring Down Captives…How to Summon Angelic Assistance: (selected
Hechalot texts)

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 …and to Enslave Demons too! (Testament of Solomon)

Rituals of Power: Jewish Magic and Alchemy in Late Antiquity

He Spoke and It Was (Sefer Yetzirah)
Combating Evil (DSS anti-demonic psalms)
Amulets-R-Us (Pes. 111a-111b)
All things that effect Healing are Permitted (BT Gittin 67-69).
If you Wish to Give your Enemy Insomnia…(Sword of Moses; selected
incantation bowl inscriptions and Cairo Geniza magical recipes)
Transforming nature, transforming the self: Alchemy and the legend of Maria the
Hebrew.

Cherubs, Nuts, and Vampires: The German Pietists

Witchcraft, monsters, and how to combat them (Sefer Chasidim).
The Secret of Prayer (Or Zarua).

The Rebirth of Myth: Early Kabbalah

Seeing God’s Glory (Baraita of Joseph ben Uzziel)
Making a Golem (Pseudo-Saadya on Sefer Yestzirah)
The Ten Sefirot and Divine Emanation (Sefer ha-Bahir)
The Left Side of Creation (Treatise on the Left Emanation)

Abraham Abulafia and Prophetic Mysticism

Tzeruf Meditation (Or ha-Sechel)

A Mystical Gospel: The Zohar

The King in His Beauty (Zohar).
The Meaning of Torah and the Commandments (Zohar)

Safed: Broken Vessels, Repaired Souls

Holy Sparks (Etz Chayyim)
The Journey of the Soul in this World and the Next (Sefer ha-Gilgulim).
Exorcism as Cosmic Therapy (Zera ha-Kodesh).
Unifications: Meditation and Theurgy (Shivhi ha-Ari)
Women mystics (Sefer ha-Hezyonot).

Kabbalists vs. Qabbalists: The Renaissance Encounter

Pico de Mirabella on the first word of Genesis

Crisis and Consolidation: Kabbalah and the 17th-18th Centuries

Reincarnation as dogma (Nishmat Chayyim)
Nathan of Gaza – Visionary as Revolutionary
The Secret Meaning of Food (Shnei Luchot ha-Brit)
Woman as High Priest (Tkhine Shifrei bat Yosef of Poznan)

In the Palace of the King: Hasidism

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 The internalization of the Torah (Sefat Emet)
The popularization of Kabbalah (Shevhi ha-BeSHT).

Kabbalah Today: Conclusion?

Topics: TBD
Course Requirements:

A midterm 30%

A final 30%

An Essay or Book Reports 20%

Class participation 20% (Your offered opinion, no matter how goofy, enhances your
grade).

The Essay –

For those interested in a specific topic, they may write 4-6 pages of research/analysis on
one topic, using (but not limited to) the bibliography provided with this syllabus (these
materials are either in the UNT library, available electronically, or through ILL. Please
review UNT policies on plagiarism. Even if not stated in the proposed title, the focus of
all these topics must be on Judaism and Jewish texts.

God as portrayed in Jewish apocalyptic texts

God as portrayed in Hechalot texts
God as portrayed in Kabbalah.
The Sefirot.
The Kabbalistic notion of divine ‘emanation.’
Kabbalistic theories of the soul.
The Lurianic creation myth.
Reincarnation in Early Kabbalah and Zohar.
Reincarnation in Lurianic Kabbalah
Ghostly possession (Dybbuk).
Beneficent possession (Maggid).
Exorcism accounts.
Meditation, ecstasy, or trance practices in Judaism.
Interpretations of visionary experiences.
The “Elijah” tradition in Judaism
Spiritual disciplines and pietistic practices (hanhagot).
Women’s spiritual expression in Judaism before the 20th Century.
Women in roles of mystical leadership before the 20th Century.
The concept of “Witch” and “Witchcraft” in Judaism.
Fallen angels in Early Jewish (only Jewish) literature.
Angels in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

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Angels in Hechalot texts.
The demonic in Jewish tradition.
Hebrew magical texts.
Jewish magical responses to illness.
The mystical significance of Hebrew.
Mystical beliefs about the name(s) of God.
The Temple as a focus of mystical interest.
The interpretation of Ezekiel’s chariot in Jewish mysticism.
Fabulous beasts in Jewish myth.
Monsters in Jewish myth.
The golem tradition.
The mythic/mystical significance of light.
The mythic/mystical significance of fire.
Sexuality in Jewish mystical thought.
A spiritual biography (history and ideas) of any of the following:
Rabbi Akiba
Simon ben (or bar) Yohai
Samuel heHasid
Moses Cordovero
Abraham Abulafia
Moses deLeon
Eleazar of Worms
Nachmanides
Ariel of Gerona
Isaac Luria
Joseph Caro
Chayyim (Chaim) Vital
The Baal Shem Tov
Nachman of Bratzlav
Levi Yitzkhak of Berditchev
Menachem of Chernobyl
Shenur Laydi of Lubavitch

Book Reports -

If you are not interested in actual research, then you must instead submit book reports on
two books. Each book must be approved by the instructor (books listed in the
bibliography below may be considered pre-approved). Each report should be 250-500
words. We will read a selection of the reviews aloud in class and discuss the books.

Bibliography

English Reference Works:

Ben Sasson, H.H., A History of the Jewish People, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976.

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Betz, H. D., Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, 1996.
Bialik and Ravnitzky, eds., The Book of Legends (William Braude, trans.) New York:
Schocken, 1992.
Buxbaum, Yitzchak, Jewish Spiritual Practices, Northvale: Jason Aronson, 1990.
Epstein, I., ed., The Talmud, London: the Soncino Press, 1939.
Frankel, Ellen, Encyclopedia of Jewish Symbols, Philadelphia: JPS, 2000.
Ginzberg, L., Legends of the Jews, vols. 1-6, Philadelphia: JPS, 1968.
Green, A., Jewish Spirituality, (2 vol.), New York: Crossroad, 1986.
Grendler, H., Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, vols. 1-6, New York: Charles Schribner’s Sons, 1998.
Hallo and Younger, ed., The Context of Scripture, vols. 1-3, Leiden, Netherlands:
Brill, 2000.
Marcus, J.R., The Jew in the Medieval World, New York: Atheneum, 1938.
Pritchard, J. B., ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts related to the Old Testament, New
Haven: Yale Press,1969.
Rabinowicz, T., ed., The Encyclopedia of Hasidim, North Vale, N.J., Jason Aronson,
1996.
Roth, C., ed., Encyclopedia Judaica, 14 volumes, Jerusalem: Keter, 1974.
Seltzer, R., Jewish People, Jewish Thought, New York: Macmillan, 1980.
Singer, I., ed., The Jewish Encyclopedia, 12 vols., New York: KTAV, 1901.
Sperling & Simon, trans., The Zohar (vols. 1-5), London: the Soncino Press, 1956.

Online Reference Material:

The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, A linguistic and textual resource online at

http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html
“General Jewish Magic” A online bibliography at
http://gaculty.washington.edu/snoegel/generaljewishmagic.htm
Jewish Heritage Online Magazine at www.jhom.com
Practical Kabbalah at www.atomick.net/fayelevine/pk/
Soc.Culture.Jewish Newsgroups at www.scjfaq.org

English Monographs, Anthologies, and Articles:

Abrams, D., “From Divine Shape to Angelic Being: The Career of Akatriel in Jewish
Literature,” Journal of Religion 76:1, 1996.
Arbusch, Ra’anan, “The Figure of Rabbi Ishmael in the Hekhalot Literature and in
Jewish Martyrology as Competing Models of Heavenly Ascent,” Paper for 2001
SBL Conference. Published online at www.iwu.edu/~religion/ejcm/
Armstrong, A.H., Classical Mediterranean Spirituality, New York, Cross Roads Press,
1986.
Austin, J.L., How to do Things with Words, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
Bamberger, B.J., Fallen Angels, Philadelphia: JPS, 1952.
Bar Ilan, M., “Exorcism by Rabbis: Talmud Sages and their Magic,” Bar Ilan University
Online Articles, faculty.biu.il/~barilm/exorcism.html.
___________, “Witches in the Bible and Talmud,” Approaches to Ancient Judaism,
Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993.
Baker, Margaret, An Extraordinary Gathering of Angels, London: MQ Publishing, 2004.
_____________, Beyond the Veil of the Temple: The High Priestly Origin of the
Apocalypses,” Scottish Journal of Theology 51.1, 1998.
Benton, Christopher, An Introduction to the Sefer Yetzirah, The Maqom Journal,
published online at www.maqom.org.
Berman, J., The Temple: Its Symbolism and Meaning Then and Now. Northvale, N.J.:
Jason Aronson, 1995.

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Bilu, Y., “Dybbuk and Maggid: Two Cultural Patterns of Altered Consciousness in
Judaism,” AJS Review,21/2, 1996.
Binsbergen, W. and Wiggermann, F., “Magic in History: A theoretical perspective and its
application to Ancient Mesopotamia,” published online at
www.shikanda.net/ancient_models/gen3/magic.htm.
Blumenthal, D., Understanding Jewish Mysticism, New York: KTAV, 1984.
Bosker, B.M., “Wonder Working and the Rabbinic Tradition: The Case of Hanina ben
Dosa,” Journal for the Study of Judaism, 16:1, 1985.
Braude, W., Pesikta Rabbati, vols. 1-2, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
_________, Pesikta de Rab Kahana, Philadelphia: JPS, 1975.
_________, Tanna debe Eliyyahu, Philadelphia: JPS. 1981.
Bregman, M., “The Four Who Entered Paradise: The Evolution of a Talmudic Tale,”
First Harvest (H. Schwartz, ed.), St. Louis: Brodsky Library Press, 1997.
__________, “Mordecai the Milkman,” Unpublished lecture given at HUC-JIR, 1996.
__________, “Seeing with the Sages,” Agendas for the Study of Midrash in the 21st
Century, Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary 1999.
Breslauer, S. D., ed., The Seductiveness of Jewish Myth, Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.
Brichto, H, “Kin, Cult, Land and Afterlife – A Biblical Complex,” HUCA 54, 1983.
Buber, M., Tales of Angels, Spirits, and Demons, New York: Hawk’s Well Press, 1958.
Canaan, T., “Haunted Springs and Water Demons in Palestine,” Journal of the Palestine
Oriental Society, no. 1, 1921.
Chajes, J.H., “Judgments Sweetened: Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern Jewish
History,” Journal of Early Modern History 1:2 1997.
__________, Between Worlds: Dybbuks, Exorcists, and Early Modern Judaism,
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
__________, “Women Leading Women (and Attentive Men): Early Modern Jewish
Models of Pietistic Female Authority,” Jack Wertheimer, ed. Jewish Religious
Leadership: Image and Reality. 2 vols. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 2004.
Chajes & Copenhaver, “Magic and Astrology,” in Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, New
York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1998.
Chajes, Z., “Demons, Witchcraft, Incantations, Dreams, and Planetary Influences,
Medical Prescriptions, and Curative Methods in the Aggadah,” The Student’s
Guide to the Talmud, Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press, 1960.
Ciraolo and Seidel, eds., Magic and Divination in the Ancient World, Leiden,
Netherlands: Brill/Styx, 2002.
Cohen, M., Shi’ur Qomah: Texts and Recensions, Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1985.
Cohen, S., “The Name of God, a Study in Rabbinic Theology,” HUCA 23, 1950.
Cohen, S., The Holy Letter, New York: KTAV, 1976.
Conybeare, F.C., trans., “The Testament of Solomon,” Jewish Quarterly Review, Oct.
1898. Published online by Joseph Peterson at www.esotericarchives.com.
Coogan, M. D., trans., Stories from Ancient Canaan, Louisville KY, Westminster Press,
1978.
Courliano, I.P., The Tree of Gnosis, San Francisco: Harper-Cross, 1990.
Cross, Frank, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1973.
Dan, Joseph, The Early Jewish Mysticism, Tel Aviv: MOD Books, 1993.
__________, The Heart and the Fountain: An Anthology of Jewish Mystical Experiences,
New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
__________, “Samael, Lilith, and the Concept of Evil in Early Kabbalah,” AJS Review, vol. 5, 1980.
__________, The ‘Unique Cherub’ Circle, Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1999.
Dan, Joseph and Kiener, Ronald, The Early Kabbalah, Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press,
1986.
Davila, James, “Ancient Magic(The Prayer of Jacob),” Lecture online at
www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_sd/magic.html.
___________, “Hekhalot Literature and Shamanism,” Society of Biblical Literature 1994
Seminar Papers, Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1994.

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___________, “Ritual in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha,” Draft article online at
www.st-andrews.ac.uk/academic/divinity/ritual_pseud_paper.htm
Dodd, E., The Greeks and the Irrational, Berkley: University of California Press, 1951.
Drob, S., Symbols of the Kabbalah, Northvale: Jason Aronson, 1996.
Elior, R., “Mysticism, Magic, and Angelology,” Jewish Studies Quarterly 1, 1993.
_______, The Three Temples: The Emergence of Early Jewish Mysticism, Oxford, OH:
Littmann Library of Jewish Civilization, 2004
Erlanger, G., Signs of the Times: The Zodiac in Jewish Tradition, Jerusalem: Feldman
Publishing, 1999.
Eskenazi and Harrington, The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Traditions, New York:
Crossroad, 1971.
Faierstein, M., Jewish Mystical Testimonies: The Book of Visions and the Book of
Dreams,” Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1999.
Fine, L., ed., Essential Papers in Kabbalah, New York: NYU Press, 1995.
____________, Safed Spirituality, Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1989.
____________, ed., Judaism in Practice, Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press,
2001.
Finkel, A.Y., In my Flesh I see God, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1995.
Fishbane, M., “Arm of the Lord: Biblical Myth, Rabbinic Midrash, and the Mystery of
History,” Language, Theology, and the Bible, (S. Balentine, ed.), Oxford: Clarington Press, 1994.
___________, “Aspects of Jewish Magic in the Ancient Rabbinic Period,” in The
Solomon Goldman Lectures II, Chicago: Spertus College of Judaica Press, 1987.
___________, “The Holy One Sits and Roars: Mythopoesis and the Midrashic
Imagination,” Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 1, 1991.
Frymer-Kensky, T., In the Wake of Goddesses, New York: Macmillan, 1992.
Gaster, M., The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, New York: KTAV, 1971.
___________, The Maaseh Book: Book of Jewish Tales and Legends Translated from the
Judeo-German, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1934.
___________, The Sword of Moses, New York: KTAV, 1971.
Ginsburg, E., The Sabbath in Classic Kabbalah, Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.
Goldin, Judah, “The Magic of Magic and Superstition,” Studies in Midrash and Related
Literature, Philadelphia: JPS, 1988.
Gottstein, A.G., “The Body as the Image of God in Rabbinic Literature,” Harvard
Theological Review, 87:2, 1994.
Green, A., “The Song of Songs in Early Jewish Mysticism,” Song of Songs (Harold
Bloom, ed.) New York: Chelsea Publishing, 1988.
___________, Guide to the Zohar, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.
Goldin, J., Studies in Midrash and Related Literature, Philadelphia: JPS, 1988.
Goldish, M., Spirit Possession in Judaism: Cases and Contexts from the Middle Ages to
the Present, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2003.
Greenspahn, F.E., Essential Papers on Israel and the Ancient Near East, New York:
NYU Press, 1991.
Gruenwald, I., Apocalyptic and Merkavah Mysticism, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997.
Hammer, R., Jerusalem Anthology, Philadelphia: JPS, 2000.
“Jewish Magic: a Perspectives Symposium,” AJS Perspectives, Fall, 2001.
Herrera, R., Mystics of the Book, New York: Peter Lang, 1993.
Heschel, A.J., “The Mystical Element in Judaism,” Understanding Rabbinic Judaism,
(J. Neusner, ed.,), New York: KTAV, 1988.
_______________, The Prophets, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1962.
Holtz, B., Back to the Sources, New York: Summit, 1985.
Idel, Moshe, The Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial
Anthropoid, New York: SUNY Press, 1990.
_________, Hasidism: Between Ecstasy and Magic, New York: SUNY Press, 1995.
_________, “Kabbalistic Prayer and Color,” Approaches to Judaism in Medieval Times,
D. Blumenthal, ed., Chicago: Scholar’s Press, 1985.
_________, The Mystical Experience in Abraham Abulafia, New York, SUNY Press,

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 1988.
_________, Kabbalah: New Perspectives, New Haven: Yale Press, 1988.
_________, “Magic and Kabbalah in the ‘Book of the Responding Entity,’” in The
Solomon Goldman Lectures VI, Chicago: Spertus College of Judaica Press, 1993.
. _________, “The Story of Rabbi Joseph della Reina,” in Behayahu, M., Studies and
Texts on the History of the Jewish Community in Safed.
Isaacs, Ronald, Ascending Jacob’s Ladder, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1998.
___________, Divination, Magic, and Healing, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1998.
___________, On Miracles: A Jewish Perspective, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson,
2000.
Jacobs, Louis, Jewish Mystical Testimonies, New York: Schocken Books, 1976.
Janowitz, Naomi, Icons of Power, Oxford, OH: Littmann Library of Jewish Civilization,
2004.
_____________, The Poetics of Ascent, New York: SUNY Press, 1989.
Kanarfogel, Ephraim, Peering through the Lattice, Detroit: Wayne State University
Press, 2000.
Kaplan, A., trans., The Bahir, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1995.
__________, Mediation and Kabbalah, York Beach: Samuel Weiser, 1982.
__________, Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Formation, New York: Samuel Weiser, 1978.
__________, Tzitzith: A Thread of Light, New York: NCSY/Orthodox Union, 1984.
Karp, Abraham, From the Ends of the Earth: Judaic Treasures of the Library of
Congress, New York: Rizzoli, 1991.
Kern-Ulmer, Brigitte, “The Depiction of Magic in Rabbinic Texts: The Rabbinic and
Greek Concept of Magic,” Journal for the Study of Judaism, 27:3, 1996/
Kerr, Don, Collected Articles on the Kabbalah, vol. 1, Ithaca: KoM #5, 1985.
Klausner, J., The Messianic Idea in Israel, New York: Macmillan, 1955.
Klein, M., A Time to be Born: Customs and Folklore of Jewish Birth, Philadelphia: JPS,
1998.
Koch, Klaus, the Prophets, vol. 1 and 2, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1992.
Kosman, Admiel, “The Story of a Giant Story,” Hebrew Union College Annual, Vol. 73,
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Kugel, James, The God of Old: Inside the Lost World of the Bible, New York: Free Press, 2003.
Lauterbach, J., “The Belief in the Power of Words,” Hebrew Union College Annual,
Vol. 14, 1939.
Lesses, R., Ritual Practices to Gain Power, Leiden: Brill, 1998
Levenson, J., Creation and the Persistence of Evil, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1988.
__________, Sinai and Zion: An Entry into the Hebrew Bible, San Francisco: Harper San
Francisco, 1985.
Maccoby, H, Judas Iscariot and the Myth of Jewish Evil, New York: Free Press, 1992.
Martinez, F.G., The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: Leiden: Brill/Eerdmans, 1994.
Matt, D., trans, The Essential Kabbalah, San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1995.
________, trans., Zohar: The Book of Enlightenment, New York: Paulist, 1983.
________, trans., The Zohar: Pritzker Edition, vols. I & II, Stanford: Stanford University
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Munk, M. The Wisdom of the Hebrew Alphabet, New York: Mesorah, 1983.
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Minutes of the 1988 Philadelphia Seminar on Christian Origins. Online at www.psco.org.

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Nigal, G., Magic, Mysticism, and Hasidism, Northvale, N.J., Jason Aronson, 1994.
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91, no. 361, 1978.
___________, Gates to the Old City: A Book of Jewish Legends, New York: Avon Books, 1980.
___________, The Jewish Alchemists, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
___________, The Messiah Texts, New York: Avon Books, 1979.
___________, On Jewish Folklore, Detroit: Wayne State Press, 1983.
Raphael, P. S., Jewish Views of the Afterlife, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1996.
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The Maqom Journal, published online at www.maqom.org.
Ruderman, D. B., Kabbalah, Magic and Science: The Cultural Universe of a Sixteenth-
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Schachter, Z.M. and Hoffman, E., Sparks of Light: Counseling in the Hasidic Tradition,
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Schafer, P., The Hidden and Manifest God: Some Major Themes in Early Jewish
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_________, Judeophobia: Attitudes Toward the Jews in the Ancient World, Cambridge: Harvard University
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Scholem, G., Kabbalah, New York: Meridian Books, 1974
_______________, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, New York: Schocken, 1961.
_______________, On the Kabbalah and its Symbolism, New York: Schocken, 1978.
_______________, On the Mystical Shape of the Godhead, New York: Schocken, 1991.
_______________, Zohar: The Book of Splendor, New York: Schocken, 1963.
Schwartz, H., Gabriel’s Palace, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
_______________, Lilith’s Cave, New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
________________, Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism, New York: Oxford
University Press, 2004.
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___________________, Magic Spells and Formula, Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press,
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Singer, S. A., Medieval Jewish Mysticism: Book of the Pious, Wheeling, IL: Whitehall
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_________________, Jewish Magic and Superstition, Philadelphia: JPS, 1939.
Twelftree, G., Jesus the Exorcist, Tuebingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1993.
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Van Dam, C., The Urim and Thummim: A Means of Revelation in Ancient Israel, Winona
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Winkler, Gershon, Magic of the Ordinary: Recovering the Shamanistic in Judaism,

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 Berkley, CA: North Atlantic Press, 2003.
Zimmels, H.J., Magicians, Theologians, and Doctors, Northvale:

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