K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

CASTOR Meeting, Lyon, WP 3.3

Bert van der Meer, Senior Reservoir Engineer

Outline
Introduction Reservoir Engineering History Match Temperature Profile Monitoring Tracer Tubing integrity Conclusions

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

K12-B monitoring programme

Situation is considered as the best possible seal and leakage through it is considered highly unlikely. Monitoring is mainly focussed on the integrity of the wells and also on tracking CO2 migration and gas mixing in the reservoir.
Downhole pressure and temperature Tracers combined with production and injection rates Downhole fluid chemistry Geophysical logs Seabed and shallow surveys* Surface geochemistry* Back-production tests*

* Ongoing activities, outside CASTOR

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Gas Production
Initial Gas in Place: 14.4 BCM In production since 1987 Gas Produced (01/01/2007): 12.3 BCM Remaining reserves: 0.4 BCM CO2 content: 13 % Amine wash down to 2% CO2

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Introduction Offshore Location

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Introduction K12-B Compartments

Single well compartment

CO2 Injector and gas producer

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Introduction Reservoir Engineering

Total system = two parts Well bore behavior (Poiseuille flow) Reservoir flow (Darcy type of flow)

THP, Q

BHP from PB

BHP*, temp?

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

TEST 1 History match past performance K12-B8

1400000 gas w hp 1200000 BHPcal OBSstat 350.00 400.00

300.00

Gas production rate [Nm3/d]

1000000

250.00 800000 200.00 600000 150.00

400000 100.00

200000

50.00

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000

0.00 2500

Time [days]

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Pressures [bar]

History match past performance (2)

1400000 gas w hp 1200000 BHPcal OBSstat BHPest. 300.00 350.00 400.00

Gas production rate [Nm3/d]

1000000

250.00 800000 200.00 600000 150.00

400000 100.00

200000

50.00

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000

0.00 2500

Time [days]

K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Pressures [bar]

History match past performance (3)

1400000 gas w hp BHPcal OBSstat 1200000 BHPcal BHPest.

350.00 345.00 340.00 335.00 330.00 325.00

1000000

320.00 315.00 310.00

800000 305.00 300.00 295.00 600000 290.00 285.00 280.00 275.00 270.00 265.00 260.00 255.00 0 150 250.00 250

400000

200000

170

190

210

230

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Injection test
53 52 51 50 49

Bottomhole pressure [bar]

48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 01-05-04

Simulator P Run 1 - P Run 2 - P * Run 3 - P Run 4 - P Run 5 - P * Run 6 - P Run 7 - P Run 8 - P Run 9 - P Run 10- P

01-06-04

01-07-04

01-08-04

01-09-04

01-10-04

01-11-04

01-12-04

01-01-05

01-02-05

Time [date]

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Temperature profile wellbore

140

120

100

Temperature [deg.C]

Upwards run
80

60

40

Downwards run

20

0 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

Pressure [bar]

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Temperature profile wellbore

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Temperature profile wellbore (2)

Time [sec]
0 0.05 Deriv. Temp 0.04 Deriv. Pres temp [deg.C] pressure [bar] 0.03 event. Line Temperature [deg.C] / Pressure [bar] 100 0.02 120 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 140

Derivative

0.01

80

60

-0.01 40 -0.02 20 -0.03

-0.04

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Temperature effects
Subsurface heated-up by gas production

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Tracers
fluorine carbon

1,3-PDMCH

PMCP

Tracers used to monitor front movement of injected native CO2

Concentration (L/L)

PMCP & 1,3-PDMCH - K12-B1

5E-10 4,5E-10 4E-10 3,5E-10 3E-10 2,5E-10 2E-10 1,5E-10 1E-10 5E-11 0

PMCP 1,3-PDMCH

31 -o ct -0 5

01 -m ar s05

02 -m ar s06

01 -m ai

02 -m ai

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

01 -s ep

01 -ju

31 -a o

31 -d

02 -ju

2 tracers arrive at nearest well (~420m) after about 4 months

t -0 5

c05

il0

il0

t-0 6

-0 5

-0 6

Tubing integrity logs

Repeated after 1 year: log differences. Combinations of corrosion or erosion mechanisms usually cause a dramatic increase in the rate of metal loss compared to the summation of separate mechanisms

2005 2006 - 2007

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Conclusions
CO2 injection first time in the Netherlands Past performance modeled and explained CO2 injection without problems and as predicted CO2 breakthrough is slow and gradual For info: www.k12-b.nl

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Acknowledgements
GDF Production Nederland B.V. and partners
- EXPRO North Sea - DRC

Dutch Government (CRUST, CATO, MONK) European Commission (CASTOR, CO2GEONET)

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K12-B Reservoir Engineering and Monitoring

Lyon, Wednesday, January 23, 2008