Before I compare the social entrepreneurs of china and Pakistan I think its important to understand the entrepreneurship culture

that is prevalent in both nations. Culture of social entrepreneurship in China Driven by economic necessity and culture, the Chinese have become wellknown for being entrepreneurial people. In modern China, large stateowned enterprises (SOEs) garner much of the worlds attention, but small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have also played a crucial role in Chinas economic growth. Can China channel this entrepreneurial spirit into the social sector? In the west, this has required the presence of a strong civil sector creating awareness of the needs of the disadvantaged. One can argue how successful the west has been at meeting the needs of those groups, but the question remains unanswered for China. The interesting development in China is the degree to which social issues are now publically discussed. Especially amongst young people, the prevalence of social media like Weibo (micro blogs) is creating a new kind of public consciousness. Topics such as Wei Gongyi (micro public welfare), which also covers the discussion of social entrepreneurship, convene many interest groups and individuals on the Internet. In promoting social entrepreneurship, thought leaders from academia (with their own VIP Weibo accounts) provide widely respected advice on the issues. Again, the question is how all of this talk can coalesce into concrete action. There are many reasons for this -beginning at home, where families push their children (often, an only child) to get traditional jobs to support the family. In addition, the recent scandals involving NGOs and philanthropy have re-enforced the belief that even those who claim they want to do good, are really just serving their own interests.Still, it is very difficult to register an NGO for this purpose, as they are considered to be politically more sensitive. However, social enterprises can be registered both as businesses and as NGOs. Of course there are a lot of challenges to overcome like creating proper legislation, developing the organizations that support the sector (capacity builders, investors, etc.), promoting an entrepreneurial culture among the youth in China and including the relevant subjects in the university curriculum. Plus, there are very few successful Chinese examples which discourages Chinese youth to make a career as a social entrepreneur.

Meanwhile in Pakistan the business school which are source of ideas and the linkage / relationship between business school and business communities/network is not present in Pakistan. Poor entrepreneurial culture in Pakistan is due to absence of two-way interaction among business networks and business schools. Most business and professional schools are producing so called professional and the outdated curriculum does not focus on entrepreneurial mindset. Due to this irrelevant incubation the business networks are functioning upon indigenous models and outdated knowledge. It would be appropriate to say that; Entrepreneurial skills are not just inborn or inherited, they can also be developed. Infact unfortunately, after 61 years of independence we could not catch-up with the rest of the world in much needed "Entrepreneurial culture" framework. Introduction Of the two leading social entrepreneurs : Calvin has taught students from middle school to graduate school, worked on Wall Street in the debt capital markets, and served in leadership roles in several technology start-ups in New York, Silicon Valley and China for more than 12 years. He has also given talks on entrepreneurship, Web 2.0, venture capital, and other China management issues to Chinese and international audiences. Calvin serves as an investor, advisor, lecturer and mentor to students, entrepreneurs and startups on strategy, fundraising and social responsibility, social innovation and social entrepreneurship. He is a Social Innovation Park Fellow, was named 2009 Chinese Business Leader of the Year by Horasis and Baker & McKenzie and one of Fast Company magazine's 100 Most Creative People In Business for 2011. Calvin is a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader and serves on its Global Agenda Council on Social Innovation. Ms. Zafar Prior to starting Kashf, worked with the World Bank in Islamabad in the Water and Sanitation department for several years. She was one of the first Ashoka Fellows in Pakistan and was also selected as a Social Entrepreneur by the Schwab Foundation in 2002 and the Skoll Foundation in 2007. She represented the Social Entrepreneurs at the World Economic Forum in January 2004 and spoke at the Opening Plenary of the WEF along with Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, President Obasanjo of Nigeria, Carly Fiorina of Hewlett Packard and Mr. Wolfenson of the World Bank, responding

to the theme: Partnering for Security and Prosperity. In 2005, for her work in the field of development and womens empowerment,the President of Pakistan awarded Ms. Zafar the Tamgha-i-Imtiaz, one of Pakistans highest civilian awards. In 2009, Kashf Foundation under the leadership of Roshaneh Zafar was awarded the OneWoman Initiative Award by the US State Department in a ceremony in Islamabad by US Deputy Secretary of State Mr. Jacob Lew. Ms. Zafar was also awarded the Vital Voices Economic Empowerment Award in 2010. Ms. Zafar is also the founding member of the Pakistan Microfinance Network and sits on the board of several NGOs and networks, including Womens World Banking, Pakistan Microfinance Network and Kaarvan Crafts. She is a member of the UN Advisory Group on Inclusive Financial Services, member of the Vital Voices La Pietra Council for promoting Womens Issues and a member of the following Global Agenda Councils of the World Economic Forum: Gender Gap Council and Financial Empowerment Council. Education Calvin has an MBA from TRIUM (NYU, LSE, HEC Paris), a B.A. from Yale University and has also studied social entrepreneurship, global leadership and other management and policy subjects at Harvard University Kennedy School of Government and INSEAD. Roshaneh Zafar completed her bsc in Finance and economics from Wharton Buisness School, University Of pennylvania,USA. Master degree in international development Economics from Yale university. Major contribution in sector: Calvin and Mis Zafar major contribution has been in the field of Micro Finance but the purpose has been different . Calvin provided micro finance for the aid of education for the underprivileged while Mis zafar wanted to aid empowerment of women with the aid of providing micro finance ( financial assistance) to them. Reason for becoming a social entrepreneur: Calvin made his contribution in this field because Chinas higher education sector has changed from a unified, centralized and closed system to one that allows openness and diversification. As the current undergoes decentralization and semi-privatization, there is greater inequality in educational opportunities. From 1989, China started to collect tuition and accommodation fees from its students enrolled in higher education

institutions. The fees have since risen from 200RMB in 1989 to 5000RMB in 2007. Based on the figures, higher education tuition fees correspond to 37% of the average Gross National Income per person in China.Since 1999, average tuition fees are taking up roughly 50% of per capita GDP, compared to 20% observed in other developed countries. With the potential of tuition fees to further rise, average incomes in China may not be able to catch up. Rohshaneh while she was working for the world bank , she came across women from all walks of life . Her exposure to these women made her realize that despite the willingness to do something for their families , they all lacked the economic opportunity although she was born in a well to do family in lahore and wanted to become an investor banker , her experience and inner instincts led to a different path. I realized that I didnt want to make wealthy people wealthier. I was plagued by the inequality of resources and why so much poverty was borne by women.

How are they making a difference to situation mentioned above? The Chinese government estimates that about 60% of college students have difficulty paying for school, and need access to financing options. Only about 15% of these students are served by the national student loan program. The remaining students scramble for formal or informal lending to close the gap.Qifang is the culmination of Calvins career experience. He hopes to give everyone a way to pay for education. The Chinese peer-to-peer lending platform, which caters to students, has lowered default rates by cleverly leveraging cultural norms -- requesting borrowers to provide family details, for instance, so they'll feel pressure not to shame the family name. So far, Chin's site has funded more than 3,000 loans.

Roshaneh Zafar co-founded Kashf foundation : the main objective is to alleviate poverty by provision of micro finance services to lower income groups , at minimal cost. The main target group is women who require extra assistance to enhance their role as economic agents and to raise their decision making capabilities. In 1996 kashf foundation became Pakistans first micro finance institute which aims to empower women and their families. Women from these villages were provided with not only financial assistance in terms of easy conditionality loans but were also provided basic entrepreneurial training. She believes that a program that combines availability of easy credit with training and other support services that kasf

foundation offers, is the most promising formula . Vision : We believe in a world where financial inclusion is a possibility and where poor women are fully engaged in realizing the economic dreams of their families. Our vision of Financial Services for All posits a miracle for transforming the role of women in society and for making a poverty free world a reality. Difficulties being faced : Calvin faced problem like to actually set up non-profits in China. There are many structural difficulties around licensing. While Roshaneh has been replete with some difficult circumstances, which include the heightened security problems and the growing economic crisis. Also gender inequality is common in our society with very few steps taken to empower women. There is a need to create awareness!

References : http://travel.cnn.com/shanghai/life/tell-me-about-it/calvin-chin-capacitybuilding-organizations-watch-2011-710785 http://cnreviews.com/people/entrepreneurs/calvin-chinqifang_20090826.html