Household Expenditure for Private Tutoring on the Rise Tutoring is an age-old practice.

In Ancient Rome and Greece, tutoring was common. While its popularity has gone up and down, it has never gone away. In recent years, the demand for tutoring has increased. The Asian Development Bank, in the "Shadow Education: Private Supplementary Tutoring and Its Implications for Policy Makers in Asia" study published in May 2012, reported that in all parts of Asia, families allocate considerable amount for private tutoring. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recently reported that millions of students worldwide receive additional academic instruction through private tutoring. In the paper "Private expectations and public schooling: the growth of private tutoring in Australia" presented to the Australian Association for Research in Education National Conference in December 2008, Louise Watson reported that the average household expenditure on private tutoring is increasing in Australia. Watson attributed the total household income, the structural features of the state education systems and private school fees as factors that influence the growing demand of private tutoring in Australia. In the 2004 study "Private Tutoring: how prevalent and effective is it?" by Judith Ireson shows that the effectiveness of tutoring is mixed, with some welldesigned programmes achieving large gains in attainment . The positive impact of private tutoring is clearly evident in the English tutoring of children of migrants and foreign students in Australia. Studies by Borland & Pearce 1999; Burns, 1991 and Phillips 1990 have shown that the lack of English language proficiency was one of the main concerns affecting academic performance.

In the 1987 study "Learning Problems of Overseas Students: Two Sides of a Story", K. Samuelowicz reported that students themselves rate English language proficiency as vital for academic success. The Australian Government recognizes the need of English tutoring, not only for academic performance but also for the over-all positive adjustment to the Australian society of children coming from non-English speaking countries. The Australian Government has provided funding for the English as a Second Language - New Arrivals (ESL-NA) program since 1 January 2009. This program augments the cost of delivering intensive English language tuition to eligible newly arrived primary and secondary migrant students. For private English Tutoring in Sydney, Australia, contact C3 Education Group. It is Sydney's premier English Tutoring after school program for school aged students from Kinder to Year 12. Classes include critical reasoning, creative and essay writing, public speaking and a tutoring service. We inspire students to become creative thinkers, exceptional writers, and confident speakers through the enjoyment and appreciation for English, from Language to Literature.