A project of Volunteers

in Asia

Brief Notes on the Desian and Construction of . f Woodburnlna Cooktoves. wpth Par titular Reference to the CETA System
by:

Roberto

Lou Ma

Published by: Centro de Experimentation en Technologia Apropiada 15 Avenida 14-61, Zona 10 Guatemala City Guatemala Paper copies are $ 2.00.

Available from: Centro de Experimentation en Technologia Apropiada 15 Avenida 1,4-61, Zona 10 Guatemala City
Guatemala

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U.S. $ 2.00
Centrc, 15 Ave. Cvatemala, de Experimen 14-61 Zona Central tat IO America i6n en TecnoIogia Apropiada

Bk?IEF NOTES UN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION W0ODBVRNING OF COOicsTOVES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE THE CETA SYSTEM TO

By Robe& Lou Ma June, 1962

I.

GENERAL STOVE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS beans and tortillas do their This constitute cooking is method not the only basis

Black people indoors

of the Guatemalan
resting fuelwood in

diet. but the

Rural over

customarily is

in pots to health. thermal

and hotplates wasteful

on stones

an cpen woodfire.

smoke

a nuisance the lowering fire

and a threat in a stove, of the

By enclosing ,~in(! 3 greater sels, thus

losses heat

to the is also able

environment to reach off the

are the

reduced ves-

proportion

combustion

cooking kitchen

wood consumption.

Smoke is

diverted

1l1!~.,1.1!~,1, ~I~imney . tht3 Many types the cess poor of and designs the third countries. are are built of world, fuel ! monolitically by parts, from a single various material, materials for example and often insaving and are cookstoves being have been proposed with varying for use by of suc-

promoted

degrees

in several types

Come stove earth. volving

Others

assembled

c.?mbining

some prefabrication. cookstoves , with frontal pots, holes opening. can be regarded on top Flame, hot at, gases in ultimate the analysis, pots. through installed as simple Firewood the tunat

Most woodburning tunnel is nel the ?'?I i"exult structures

.to accomodate evacuated

cooking

fe2 at the end.

and smoke flow L> the chimney

.7Lr!c'IAnder the

to be eventually

has been active of experimental

in

cookstove work done, for

research a number

and development of practical efficient

since

1979.

As a features, have been

and techinal stove design

canside;led

KO be essential

simple

and fuel

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7 identified findings:
1) General.

(References

1 E 2).

The following

guidelines

,are based

on

these

Design, be kept

regarding

concept,

geometry as possib-le.

and use of materials,

shall 2)-

as simple

and direct shall

,Pots and Potholes.

ly pots spaced shall potholes, have lids. higher

The stove in thermal heat sizes Metal

have two or at the most to the intended to exposure potholes

three

closeAll surshall

appropriate pots are

cooking. earthenware, of pot

to be preferred
Maximum

because'of face be propitiated possible. 3)-

conductivity. and minimum the pots deeply

to combustion

exposure into

to the the

environment

by sinking

whenever

Firebox.
size domestic commonly a width length of

Firebox cooking, used, of 60 to

dimensions by the

shall

be the

minimum

compatible

with

the

of fire

required a height

proposed into the

culinary

tasks. the floor first

For ordinary sizes of firewood of pot); and a

and taking 90 percent

consideration 15 cm (from diameter of the

of 12 to

to bottom pothole;

30 to 45 cm, have been found Means shall of combustion entrance are simple mounted

to be adequate. to control In this of the dampers stove prove draft, respect, duct is to be very and a all

4)-

Dampers and Baffles.

thus that govern placed needed. is the rate damper at the as they also heat after the to the

be provided as required. exit butterfly

or at the to install to direct For this (and

Chimney

convenient, Means shall generated placed IYII of

and operate. the maximum possible of the block, 2 to 3 suffice. indeck is

be provided the firebox of the pots,

purpose, up the third) duct pot,

a simple floor will

baffle to within

as to step second

bottom

generally of thermal a metal

S)-

Use of Materials.
sulating indicated, der materials its

For construction, shall. radiations many kinds efficiency be made. area shall losses, of stoves If

maximum choice for some reason as small

surface

be kept

as possible,

in or-

to minimize with

ETA stove

has experimented type or concept,

and has found

that, if

regardless the above

of re-

high

can generally

be achieved

quirements Some design general etc.). In addition operation susceptible sources.

are met in the refinements are

design. improve under completness study (use of fuel of grates, combustion firebox and doors,

to further presently

performance

to being

fuel

efficient, durable,

a cookstove esthetically with simple

shall local

be of

simple cost

construction, and and reskills

and maintenance; of being

appealing,

attractive,

mass produced

technologies,

II.

THE CETA SYSTEM OF STOVE CONSTRUCTION as a for quick testing cookstoves to this system, (see is, and simple (References from the means for 1, 2 & 3), assembling prefabricated is conformed experimental into elements. by the main the BASE (A), all the SIDES are woodburning a system

What began cookstoves for building

has been developed

mass produced stove body

According

(B1 and the factured laid of the together stove sides, than is

DECK (C) dry, are

drawings). and, without

Each of these in assembling any binding BAFFLE (F) as they the joints

components stove, Other

can be manuelements parts

onepiece

or in sections, that the CHIMNEY (E), are preferred, Because for enough

mortar.

essential

and DAMPER (G). are simpler to produce and sides holds and also and easier are well its to

For the handle the shape

blocks airtight

large

pieces.

between

deck

rabbeted,

stove

adequate

functioning,

Iunder use, offers great of the the for flexibility firebox; nbm,..r, needs variety in regard number, type size with geometric aspects, such as size etc., And stove

The system size and shape

and s!lape

and distribution of baffles of any specific in the

of potholes; and dampers; application. of the

of hotplate; varying

and position

3s to satisfy ,-;llso allows :-omponents: l)-

and conditions of materials

a great

prefabrication

For the

base,

reinforced though,

concrete

has been more commonly sides laid directly

used. on the

The kitchen

base can be omitted

and the

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floor 2)Blocks

or on a masonry, for the sides

adobe or earth can be produced etc. to produce stoves. from sheet cast For

working from earth,

platform. ceramic, soil-cement,

concrete, operated hour, 3)Decks forced large the

pozzolans, block press for ten

example,

CETA has emp&oyed a hand side blocks per

up to 60, soil-cement

enough

can be manufactured concrete, flat surfaces as required as deck, drawings). small method soil-cement, usable kitchen.

iron, iron,

iron etc.

plate,

ceramic, element are pot rectangular

reinin pots surface

Some decks deck sections uses collecting

provide inter-

as hotplates, The position One stove

an indispensable of the version

Guatemalan

changeable and hotplate area Other accord advantages with the (see

by use. which offers

maximum heat I elements for

of using proposed

prefabricated are:

stove

construction

in

l>-

The elements means, in

can be mass produced village plants, at

from

local

materials

and by artisan

small

low cost. production, good control can be obtained. and store. by the proposed

2)-

With

centralized

or semicentralized quality the

excercised, 3)4)-

and high

in materials elements are

and workmanship easy to handle

Being

light

and compact, simple little is to use.

They are user, with

A stove

can easily in about them with

be assembled 10 minutes. mortar, these

or no assistance, no need to bind

5)-

Because easy

there

components

are

to remove small size

and replace

when necessary. vulnerable to fracture from heat expan-

6)-

Their sion.

makes them less

7)-

With locally.

a small

investment,

an adequate

stock

of spares

can be maintained

8)-

As parts original

are

standarized, proven

each unit design.

built

is an exact

replica

of an

and well

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facilitates the implementation of programs. can be assembled together

. 9)-

Prefabrication large scale not

and mass production testing, necessarily,, or mud. have a neat cooking attained fulfill in the promotion the stove

and disemination components

. Optatively, binding Stoves parative tasks, At the but them with built tests with mortar

by the with

CETA system traditional been that engaged etc.)

and handsome fuel ordinary

appearance. in-the Guatemalan

In comorder cooking of

methods, the design

economies

50 to 67 percent stove

have

in performing

models CETA is materials,

requirements of simple

above mentioned. facilities in small (tooling, village

present,

development

shop procedures, plants.

to mass produce

stove

parts

III.

REFERENCES 1 IRoberto Informe Lou Ma, August general a William 1979, ENSAYOS DE EFICIENCIA Associates EN COCINAS DE LEflA, unedited.

G. Mathews 1981,

Limited,

2)-

Roberto

Lou iYa, January

EVALVACION DE LA EFICIENCIA de Investigaciones

Y UTILIDAD USAC,

DE PEQUEfiAS COCINAS A LEflA PARA EL AREA RURAL, Centro en Teconologla Guatemala. Apropiada y Centro

de Experimentacien de Ingenierla

3)-

David Vol.

Cappaert,

August

1981, 1981,

STOVE TESTING IN GUATEMALA, Cookstove The Aprovechc Institute.

News,

1, No. 2, August

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~REFERENCES'TO'DRW'NGS

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STOVECOMPONENTS (A) (B)

(C) (D) (E) (F>

BASE
SIDES DECK CHIMNEY PLATE. CHIMNEY RAFFLE DAMPER

(G)

DECKOPTIONS (1)
(2) (3)
(4)

Sheet Plate Ceramic

iron, iron,

l/8" at

thick least l/4" thick

Reinforced Strap Cast iron iron

concrete frame pots Two pots One pot and hoops, and hotplate. and small and large filled with Possible hotplate hotplate concrete, soil-cement or sand clay

(5) (6) (7)

Rectangular a>b)-

combinations:

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SISI-EMA

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11