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now. If he isn't working right now, he may want to come over for dinner. We can also change the order of the sentence and put the if side on the second half. The only difference is that there is no comma. I will take my umbrella if it rains tomorrow. We can finish earlier if you help me. The monkey may dance for the boys if they give it a coin. He may want to come over for dinner if he isn't working right now.
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On November 26 we talked about the difference between using A and The. Here is a little more specific information on how to use The. Use the after you have talked about it the first time. For example: This is a cat. The cat is brown Use the when the person you are talking to already knows what you are talking about. For example: I am going to the bank. There is someone knocking at the door. It must be the computer repairman. I called him to come help fix my computer. Use the when you talk about general places in nature like the lake, the mountains, the ocean, the beach, etc. For example: Let's go to the beach. I love to camp in the mountains. Use the when you are talking about something that there is only one of and everyone knows about it. The sky, the earth, the stars (as a group). For example: How many people are there on the earth? The sky is so beautiful today.
When I was taking a bath, the telephone rang. The telephone rang when I was taking a bath. While I was taking a bath, the telephone rang. The telephone rang while I was taking a bath. As I was taking a bath, the telephone rang. The telephone rang as I was taking a bath. Notice if you use when, while, or as at the beginning of the sentence, you need to put a comma (,) after the phrase.
Make a sentence using the words given. Use the past continuous for Check Your Understanding things that happened over a period of time and the simple past for things that happened a one time. The first one has been done for you. I walk down the street (5:00-5:10) see an old man (5:04) while While I was walking down the street, I saw an old man. I saw an old man while I was walking down the street. 1. Susan bake a cake (3:45-4:45) drop a spoon (3:51) when
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haven't /hasn't + ever + past participle or have /has + never + past participle (both of these have the same meaning) Example:
Check Your Understanding Create the sentences using ever, then answer the question (write only one possible answer.) Example: Susan/wear/cowboy hat Has Susan ever worn a cowboy hat? Yes, she has worn a cowboy hat. Yes, she has. 1. you/go/camping
No,
2. she/make/bread
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and ought to
Check Your Understanding Choose the best answer. 1. Willy needs money to pay for his food and house. If he doesn't go to work, he won't have money. He must work. Willy ___ go to work. a. ought to b. has to c. is supposed to 2. Johnny should help his mother with the housework. His mother would be happy if he did. But if he didn't help her, his mother wouldn't feel bad. Johnny ___ help his mother. a. ought to b. has to c. is supposed to
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Joe said, "I went to New York City." What did he say? He said (that) he had gone to New York City. The present continuous is changed to the past continuous.
Check Your Understanding Write the sentences using reported speech. 1. Lisa said, "I like to cook." What did she say?
4. Gwen and Ed said, "We are going to Canada." What did they say?
Write the sentences using reported speech. What did she say?
She said (that) she would buy a new house.
1. Selma said, "I have been shopping." What did she say? *You can use the word that in reported speech if you want. It doesn't matter if you do or not.
2. George said, "I had just finished my work." What did he say? Check Your Understanding
3. Loren said, "I have seen the Grand Canyon." What did he say?
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Reflexive Pronouns
Check Your Understanding Use the the object to use a *reflexive pronoun or **object pronoun. Examples:
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clause.) One more: I like butterflies. Why? They are pretty. Now You Try... Rewrite the sentences connecting them with because in the middle and at the beginning. 1. Tommy doesn't like school. The other children tease him.
4. All of the employees will have a party. It's the boss' birthday.
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Thomas can speak and (can) study English. Thomas is speaking and (is) studying English. If the verb has a helping verb (like will, can, is, are, etc.) you must use it before the first verb but you may or may not use it after. It is your choice. Usually it is not used.
Check Your Understanding Are these sentences correct? Check your answers below. 1. John goes to the cafe and ate breakfast. Correct Not correct 2. Marty will bring the game and plays it. Correct Not correct 3. Alex can play the piano and sing songs. Correct Not correct 4. Tory is helping and watching at the same time. Correct Not correct 5. Mr. Jones can drive a car and eating lunch.
Correct Not correct 6. Helen sits and waited for the train. Correct Not correct 7. Cary will go to school and will study there. Correct Not correct 8. Franklin cleans his house and found his keys. Correct Not correct
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Check Your Understanding Write a sentence using wish in the past. Two examples are given to you. Examples: Henry didn't do his work. Now his boss is angry. Answer: Henry wishes he had done his work. Melanie swam in the lake. Now she is cold. Answer: Melanie wishes she hadn't swum in the lake. 1. Jeff didn't wake up on time. Now he is late.
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Past Participles
Look at these tenses: present, past, past participle be, was or were, been sing, sang, sung drink, drank, drunk do, did, done go, went, gone make, made, made find, found, found talk, talked, talked eat, ate, eaten swim, swam, swum read, read, read write, wrote, written give, gave, given Now let's practice the past participle by using the present perfect tense. It shows something that started in the past, but continues until now.
has/have (not) + past participle Examples: She has done her homework.
Check Your Understanding Without looking back, try to fill in the blanks using the past participle. Use have or has. She (eat) all of the cookies. Maxwell (write) his essay. Thomas (find) a new friend. George and Kerry (go) to the mountains. The president (not/ make) his speech yet. Carolyn (not/ talk) to Richard. The teachers (give) us the homework. The cowboys (drink) all the beer.
The swimmers (swim) across the lake. Bonus: (Do you know these?)*** The boy (fall) down. We (choose) to meet with Mr. Green.
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That box is ___ big. very too 4. Tony's cat is fat. It weighs 8 kg. Tony's cat is ___ fat. very too 5. Tony's cat is fat. It can't run. It may not live a long time. Tony's cat is ___ fat. very too
5 Minute English (www.5minuteenglish.com) Copyright 2003-2005 Oakseed Enterprises. All rights reserved.
Check Your Understanding Make a sentence using must as a conclusion. The first one is done for you. 1. Danny speaks English perfectly. Danny/be/native English speaker Answer: Danny must be a native English speaker. 2. Larry always complains about his job. Larry/hate/his job
4. Jennifer always opens the window at night to let cold air in her bedroom. Jennifer/like/a warm bedroom
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Check Your Understanding Change the sentences to use wish. Check your answer by clicking on the arrows. Examples: I want to have a bike. I wish I had a bike. Mary wants to be a movie star. Mary wishes she were a movie star. 1. Joseph wants to see his friend.
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Generally when you use this tense you want to say how long something has been happening, so you will use since or for if you tell the amount of time. If you have forgotten how to use since or for, click here. Examples: Mary has been studying English since 1992. The kids have been running for 15 minutes. Karen has been singing all morning. The students have been practicing the play since last month. Remember, it is an activity that started before and
Check Your Understanding Write the sentence in the blanks. The first one has been done for you. Example: Albert/read/2 hours Albert has been reading for 2 hours.
3. Lisa/smoke/10 years
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Check Your Understanding Choose the correct answer. Check your answers below. 1. Leslie has lived here ten years. 2. I haven't seen you last March. 3. We sat and talked 30 minutes. 4. Young-eun studied French nine years. 5. Caroline has been learning Spanish March 1999. 6. We haven't had an earthquake 23 years. 7. I haven't heard from you Saturday. 8. Molly hasn't eaten 7:00 this morning. 9. He played basketball over 20 years. 10. Andre hasn't seen Becky yesterday.
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We use it to talk about a something that started in the past and continued until now. Examples: I have been in California for 2 years. (From 2 years ago in the past until now, I have been in California. I didn't live in another place.) or Karen has gone to school everyday since she was 5 years old. (From the time she was 5 years old -in the past- until now, she has gone to school. She didn't stop going to school.)
Check Your Understanding Use the present perfect tense. Check your answers by clicking on the arrows.
2. A: How long have you done karate? B: I (do) it for about 3 years now.
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Paris. (I went to school there before, but now I don't.) Or, When Joshua was a child, he used to climb trees. (Now he doesn't climb trees.) Remember, we always use this word when talking about the past. So when do you use use to
You try...
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Write your answers in the boxes and check them by clicking on the arrows below. 1. Let's meet 6:30. 2. The play is Saturday noon. 3. I was born November 3, 1970. 4. Beverly went to Los Angeles January. 5. Bill arrived in New York February 7. 6. I love to see the flowers the spring. 7. The movie starts 7:30 the evening. 8. We go to bed 11:00 night. 9. Her birthday is October the fall. 10. I saw a witch midnight Saturday October 31 1998.
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Questions and Answers Use the simple past or present progressive tense. Check your answers by clicking on the arrows. 1. I dropped a cup while I (wash) the dishes.
2. Jon and Bill were washing the car when they (see) their friend Alex.
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When you don't agree with the speaker... A: I love fried fish. B: I don't. C: I don't either. or Neither do I. A: I am tall. B: I'm not. C: I'm not either. or Neither am I. A: I can sing. B: I can't. C: I can't either. or Neither can I. A: I don't like chocolate. B: I do. C: I do, too.
A: I'm not Canadian. B: I am. C: I am, too. A: I can't speak English. B: I can. C: I can, too. Note- there may be a few other possible ways to answer these questions.
Now you try... Answer the questions using the examples above. Choose one response. (There may be more than one answer.) Check your answers by clicking on the arrows. 1. A: I like to play tennis. B: . (You like to play tennis.)
Questions and Answers Using the words below, fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. study speak go watch drink brush
2. Where is Charlie? He television. 3. A: What do you do after school everyday? B: I usually to the library. 4. These days I math at the college. 5. Australians English. 6. Frank always coffee for breakfast.
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Tag Questions
A tag question is one where a statement is made, but the speaker wants a response from the listener. Like- Today's lesson is hard, isn't it? or The kids can't sing that song, can they? First of all, to understand tag questions, you need to know about affirmative and negative sentences. Do you know what an affirmative sentence is? It is like this: Mary is at home. or The students work hard. Do you know what a negative sentence is? It is like this: Mary isn't at home. or The students don't work hard. Then, you need to know that if the sentence is affirmative, the tag will be negative. And if the sentence is negative, the tag will be positive. And finally, you need to think about the kind of verb used in the sentence. Does it use a modal, like can or will or a form of to be? Your tag question will follow the verb in the sentence. If it is a regular verb, don't forget it uses do, don't, does, doesn't when a question is asked. Examples Affirmative Sentence/ Negative Tag Toshi likes fishing, doesn't he? Susan is sick today, isn't she? Mike can play the piano, can't he? You will go there, won't you? Negative Sentence/ Affirmative Tag Andrew doesn't study much, does he? The dogs aren't hungry, are they? She can't cook, can she? You won't see her, will you?
You try it Write the correct answer in the box. Check your answers by clicking on the arrows. 1. It's going to rain, ?
2. Mike is home, ?
Mary agrees John asks Mary a with John. question. He thinks she
will agree with him. It's cold outside, isn't Yes, it is. it? No, it isn't.
(Mary doesn't (John thinks it's cold. He (Mary agrees with agree with John. thinks Mary will agree it's John. She thinks She doesn't think cold.) it's cold.) it's cold.)
Yes, it is.
(John thinks it's not cold. (Mary agrees with (Mary doesn't He thinks Mary will agree John. She thinks agree with John. it's not cold.) it's not cold.) She thinks it's cold.)
No, it wasn't.
(Mary doesn't (John thinks the movie (Mary agrees with agree with John. was good. He thinks Mary John. She liked She didn't like the liked the movie, too.) the movie.) movie.)
No, it wasn't.
Yes, it was.
(Mary doesn't agree with John. She liked the movie.)
(John thinks the move (Mary agrees with was bad. He thinks Mary John. She didn't didn't like the movie, like the movie.) either.)
So, notice that the person who answers doesn't worry how the speaker asks the question. She only thinks about her feeling for the subject.
Questions and Answers Type the correct answer. The first one is done for you. 1. This picture is beautiful, isn't it? (You like
it.)
2. This soup doesn't taste good, does it? (You like it.)
4. This game isn't fun, is it? (You don't like this game.)
8. You slept for 8 hours, didn't you? (You slept for 7 hours.)
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' means there is a contraction. Two words have been put together to make one word, and the ' is
really quite simple. Remember, the placed where one or more letters have been taken out. For exampleshe + is = she's. And does + not = doesn't. It's = it + has (you will know
Now how about its? This is a possessive. Remember that a possessive is a word that shows who or what owns something. For exampleOrSoThis is the girl's coat. This is her coat. Their friend is here.
Joey and Melissa's friend is here. The book's pages are green.
You try. Fill in the blanks using it's or its. Use the arrows to see the correct answers. 1. Look at this table. leg is broken.
2. Come on, time to go home now. 3. Nice to see you. been a long time. 4. This is a bee. A beehive is home. 5. What is that? a kind of game. This is box.
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1. Joanna wanted to her favorite radio show. 2. Sorry, I didn't you come in. You are so quiet. 3. Can you the sound of the ocean? 4. It is hard to the teacher when I feel tired. 5. this story. It's about a king and a frog.
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Words that end with -ed talk about a person's feelings. Examples-
1. John was so bored on his date. He really wanted to leave. 2. Karen was annoyed with her employee. This employee was always late. 3. Curt was confused about the new rules. They were very complicated. 4. The children were excited about the school trip. 5. Melanie was surprised to get a gift. 6. The class was interested in the game.
*****
Words that end with -ing, however, talk about the situation or thing that cause a person's feelings. Examples1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The The The The The The date was really boring. John wanted to leave. employee was annoying. He was always late. rules were confusing. They were complicated. school trip was exciting. gift was surprising. game was interesting.
So ... John was bored/ the date was boring Karen was annoyed/ the employee was annoying Curt was confused/ the rules were confusing The children were excited/ the school trip was exciting Melanie was surprised/ the gift was surprising. The class was interested/ the game was interesting
Questions- Choose the correct word 1. I always feel excited/exciting when I take a vacation.
2. The news was very interested/ interesting. 3. Everyone was surprised/ surprising when Tom Cruise came to the party. 4. Teri is always so confused/ confusing when she reads English. 5. That loud TV is so annoyed/ annoying. 6. When I am in the office, I am bored/ boring.
Answers 1. excited (person's feeling) 2. interesting (situation that caused the feeling) 3. surprised (person's feeling) 4. confused (person's feeling) 5. annoying (situation that caused the feeling) 6. This is a trick questionIf you say "I am bored," you don't feel happy or excited. If you say "I am boring," other people feel bored because of you.
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1. Wow, you _____(bring) me some flowers! 2. I'm so sorry, I _____(forget) your birthday. 3. Melanie ____(hide) the present from her sister. 4. The children _____(take) their schoolwork home. 5. John _____(sleep) in class. 6. The mother _____(hit) the child on the leg. 7. Tony _____(read) about South Africa. 8. Alisa was tired so she _____(lie) down. 9. Thomas _____(lay) the book on the coffee table. 10. My parents _____(catch) a cold when they went skiing.
Answers 1. brought 2. forgot 3 hid 4. took 5. brought 6. hit 7. slept 8. lay* 9. laid* 10. caught * These are difficult words to remember. Many native English speakers get them confused and use them incorrectly. Look at this: lie, lay, lain (present tense, past tense, present perfect tense) To lie means to put oneself down. Examples- I'm tired. I'm going to lie down. Yesterday I lay down in the forest. lay, laid, laid (present tense, past tense, present perfect tense) To lay means to put something else down (like put.) Examples- Lay that fork on the table. She laid the blanket on the bed. If you didn't answer the above questions 100% correctly, I suggest you study irregular past tense verbs a little more.
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3. I like to go to the zoo and the animals while they are playing.* 4. How many things do you in this office? 5. I want to that sweater again. Maybe I will buy it.
5 Minute English (www.5minuteenglish.com) Copyright 2003-2005 OakseedaEnterprises. All rights reserved. *Remember, this means it is long time.
Go + noun
Look at the sentences. For most sentences we use go to (somewhere)...
BUT when you talk about home or shopping, don't use to.
Use "to" if it is needed or "x" if nothing is needed. Karen needed to go _____ class. But she decided to go ____ shopping instead. So first she went _____ the bank to get money. Next she went _____ a restaurant. Then she went _____ a huge shopping mall where she bought a new sweater and a hat. After that she decided to go ____ the supermarket go get some groceries. At the end of the day, she was tired, so she went _____ home and fell asleep.
Answers Karen needed to go to class. But she decided to go (X) shopping instead. So first she went to a restaurant. Then she went to a huge shopping mall where she bought a new sweater and a hat. After that she decided to go to the supermarket to get some groceries. At the end of the day she was tired, so she went (X) home and fell asleep.
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