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FASCICLE VIII, TRIBOLOGY 2011 (XVII) Issue 2

ISSN 1221-4590
59
MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO SIMULATE THE CONTACT BETWEEN
A BALL AND TWO ELASTIC RACEWAYS
Daniel REZMIRES*, Alfredo MONFARDINI**, Cezar RACOCEA***
*S.C. SIRCA S.A, Piatra Neamt, ROMANIA, drezmir@hotmail.com
** RIMA Spa, Italy
*** "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi. Romania
ABSTRACT
The quasi static parameters (PQs) are function of the internal geometry and the
elasticity parameters of the raceway elasticity. A mathematical model is developed to
describe the raceway boundary conditions influences in the PQs evolution.
KEYWORDS: Elastic raceways, Quasi Static Analysis, 2, 3 or 4 Point Contact Ball -
raceway, Boundary conditions.
INTRODUCTION
The 2, 3 or 4 point contact ball bearings with rigid
rings were analyzed for example in [1]. The major part
of the algorithms developed for PQS analysis does not
takes into account the rings shape and the boundary
conditions. For example in the large ball bearing the
fixation system and the Raceway Elasticity Effect (REE)
which modify the standard load distribution shape. To
a generally analysis we assume a section form a 4PCBB
structure with rigid rings, according to [1]. In order to
take into account the REE influence, two supplementary
equilibrium equations have to be introduced. In these
conditions a four equations system is written to ball,
having as unknowns ball center mass displacement (2
parameters) and the rings displacement (2 parameters).
EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS TO
DESCRIBE THE PQS AS FUNCTION OF
REE
The mathematical model developed to write the
four equilibrium equations uses the relative
displacement of center mass ball versus the curvature
centre of the raceway. Figure 1 shows the main
geometrical elements, where OR is the Outer Ring
and IR represents the inner ring.
At a level section form the 4PCBB structure were
considered the displacement vector according to fig. 2.
According to [1] the structure can be transformed
in a 2 or 3 point contact.
Fig.1. Physical model
Fig.2. The displacement vectors
The mathematical model is described for a 4PCBB-
24 structure using the following notations:
w 4 oe
O P l = ,
w 2 oi
O P l = and o is the initial contact angle. As effect of
the IR displacement and the IR and OR elasticity the local
contact deformations are given as:
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FASCICLE VIII, TRIBOLOGY 2011 (XVII) Issue 2
ISSN 1221-4590
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( ) ( ) ( )
oe
2 2
l ... B ... A ze , uz , ux e + = A o
( ) ( ) ( )
oi
2 2
l ... D ... C r , a , zi , uz , ux i + = o o A o
where:
- ( ) ( ) ze uz cos . l xe , uz A
oe
A + o = A
- ( ) ( ) ux sin . l ux B
oe
+ o =
- ( ) ( ) ux a sin . l ux , a C
oi
o + o = o
- ( ) ( ) zi uz r cos . l uz , r , zi D
oi
A o + o = o A
The contact angle becomes : ( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
= o
(...) A
(...) B
tan a ... e and
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
= o
(...) D
(...) C
tan a ... i
The OR rigidity is noted KKe and the IR rigidity
is noted as KKi. The two parameters (KKe and KKi)
are functions of the rings width (W), length (L) and the
thickness (G). According to the material resistance
theory in a bending case:
e , i e , i
3
e , i e , i
e , i
I . E . 3
L . Qr
z = A , hence
e , i e , i e , i
KK . z Qr A = . Using the Hertz relations between
load and deformation, the equilibrium equations are:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

o o =
o o o o =
A o o =
A o o =
A A =
QA ... i sin ... i . Kpi 0
... e sin ... e . Kei ... i sin ... i . Kpi 0
zi . KKi ... i cos ... i . Kpi 0
ze . KKe ... e cos ... e . Kpe 0
zi . KKi ze . KKe 0
5 . 1
5 . 1 5 . 1
5 . 1
5 . 1
where: QA represents the axial load; Qr
i,e
represents the
radial component of the normal contact load; Kpe and
Kpi are the contact rigidity ball-raceways corresponding
to the OR and IR rings respectively.
NUMERICAL EXAMPLES FOR A SECTION
To show the PQs evoution as function of the REE
the following input parameters were considered:
Structure type 4PCBB-24
Radial clearance Jd 0 mm
Ball diameter Dw 5 mm
Axial Load Qa 20 N
Initial contact angle
o
0 deg
Radial displacement or 0
Virtual pitch diameter Dm 1000
To approximate the KK
i,e
parameters the OR and
IR widths are equals with Dw and the OR and IR
lengths are equals with 20 mm. The variable parameters
in analisys are the raceways thickness and the
conformities, according to Table 1. For all cases form
Table 1 the IR height variation is between [315] mm.
Table 1. Variable uses in the analysis.
Case GE, mm f
1 15 0,52
2 15 0,55
3 5 0,52
4 5 0,55
Figures 3 to 6 show the evolution of the PQs as
function of REE.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3 5 7 9 11 13 15
GE=5, f=0.55
GE=15, f=0.55
GE=5, f=0.52
GE=15, f=0.52
Fig 3. Load contact versus IR heigth [N and mm]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
3 5 7 9 11 13 15
GE=5, f=0.55
GE=15, f=0.55
GE=5, f=0.52
GE=15, f=0.52
Fig. 4. Contact angle versus IR heigth, [deg and mm]
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FASCICLE VIII, TRIBOLOGY 2011 (XVII) Issue 2
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0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
3 5 7 9 11 13 15
GE=5, f=0.55
GE=15, f=0.55
GE=5, f=0.52
GE=15, f=0.52
Fig. 5. oa evolution versus IR heigth [mm and mm]
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
3 5 7 9 11 13 15
GE=5, f=0.55
GE=15, f=0.55
GE=5, f=0.52
GE=15, f=0.52
Fig. 6. Azi evolution versus IR heigth, [mm and mm]
Fig. 7. Profiled slewing rings
C.ZT - series C.DI- series
C.DE- series U.ND- series
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FASCICLE VIII, TRIBOLOGY 2011 (XVII) Issue 2
ISSN 1221-4590
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U.DI- series 2U.ND- series
2U.DI series
Fig. 8.
The mathematical model is used into a complete
code to analysis the SIRCA-RIMA [2] profiled slewing
rings with the shapes presented in figure 7.
That method is useful also for the slewing ring
shapes presented in figure 8.
For these types of profiled slewing rings the
raceway elasticity have to be taken into account.
The raceway elasticity can occur to the non-
hertzian contact.
CONCLUSIONS
The raceway elasticity effects REE have to be
taking into analysis because the ring geometry and the
boundary conditions are modifying the standard
contact parameters. The mathematical model is useful
in the ball and roller bearing analysis.
REFERENCES
1. Rezmires D, 2003, Theoretical and experimental researches
regarding the dynamics of spherical roller bearings, PhD Thesis,
"Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi.
2. SIRCA S.A Slewing Rings General Catalogue
ED2010/AM-DR, available online at www.sirca.com.ro