BURNS

DEFINITION OF BURN Damage to the skin or other body parts caused by extreme heat, flame, contact with heated objects, or chemicals. Burn depth is generally categorized as first, second, or third degree. First-degree burns involves superficial layer of epidermal cells. Second-degree burns may be divided into superficial partial-thickness and deep partial-thickness wounds. Damage in second-degree burns extends through the epidermis to the dermis but is usually not sufficient to prevent skin regeneration. In third-degree burns the entire thickness of the epidermis and dermis is destroyed. Fourth-degree burns are full-thickness injuries that penetrate the subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone. BURN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Rise in skin temperature from heat sources, such as fire, steam or electricity. Open flame and hot liquid are most common causes Tissue injury caused by chemicals or radiation, including sunlight Lightning strikes can cause internal burns with minimal external signs Stress, carelessness, smoking in bed or excess alcohol consumption, all of which make accidents more likely Occupations involving exposure to heat or radiation, such as firefighting, police work or defense-factory work Faulty wiring Hot water heaters set too high Infection at the burn site Pneumonia Shock due to loss of fluids and electrolytes (severe burns) Permanent scars Vision impairment, if eyes are injured Tetanus and other infections

TREATMENT FOR BURNS Minor Burns: 1. Gently clean the wound with lukewarm water. 2. Though butter has been used as a home remedy, it should NOT be used on any burn. 3. Rings, bracelets, and other potentially constricting articles should be removed. 4. The burn may be dressed with a topical antibiotic ointment. Major Burns: 1. Remove the victim from the burning area. 2. Remove any burning material from the patient. 3. Call 117 or activate the emergency response system in your area if needed. 4. Once the victim is in a safe place, keep them warm and still. (Try to wrap the injured areas in a clean sheet if available and DO NOT use cold water on the victim.)

PREVENTION OF BURNS Wear sun-screen lotions outdoors. Fireproof your home. Install smoke alarms, plan emergency exits and have regular fire drills. Wear protective gear and observe safety precautions around heat or radiation. Don't touch uncovered electric wires. Teach children safety rules for matches, fires, electrical outlets, cords and stoves. Discard extension cords with a pronged plug on one end and a bulb socket on the other. These are hazardous. If you have small children, put safety caps on unused outlets. Discard frayed cords.