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OSPF Tutorial
December 3rd, 2010 Go to comments
There are 3 type oI tables
Neighbor
Topology
Routing
Neighbor table
Contain inIormation about the neighbors
Neighbor is a router which shares a link on same network
Another relationship is adjacency
Not necessarily all neighbors
LSA updates are only when adjacency is established
Topology table
Contain inIormation about all network and path to reach any network
All LSA`s are entered into the topology table
When topology changes LSA`s are generated and send new LSA`s
On topology table an algorithm is run to create a shortest path, this algorithm is known as SPF or dijkstra
algorithm
Routing Table
Also knows as Iorwarding database
Generated when an algorithm is run on the topology database
Routing table Ior each router is unique
D: Exchange LSDB`s list
Neighbors use DD (Data Description) to exchange their LSDB catalogs. In this scenario, R1 sends DD to
R2 Iirst. It says: I have a Route LSA Irom R1. R2 also sends DD to R1: I have a Route LSA Irom R2.
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Note: DD works like table Io content. It lists what LSDB has, but not details. By reading DD, the receiving
router can determine what it is missing and them ask the sender to transmit required LSAs..
R1 Request, R2 Update
R1 has learned that R2 has a R2 Router LSA that it does not have.
R1 sends a LS Request to R2. When R2 receives this request, it sends an Update to transmit this LSA to R1.
R2 Request, R1 Update
R2 also sends request to R1. R1 replies an Update. Upon receiving Update, R2 adds R1 Router LSA to its
LSDB, calculates its routes, and add a new entry (192.168.1.0, S1/0) to its routing tabe.
Note: OSPF works distributely. AIter routers have synchronized their LSDB, they use the same data (LSDB)
to calculate shortest paths, and updates their routing tables independently.
Ack update : LSAs are received
In order to assure reliable transmission, when a router receives an Update, it sends an Ack to the Update
sender. II the sender does not receivie Ack within a speciIic peried, it times out and retransmits Update.
Note: OSPF uses Update-Ack to implemnet relaible transmission. It does not use TCP.
H1 ping H2: succeeded.
Each OSPF router creates a Router LSA to describe its interIaces` IP addresses and Iloods its Router LSA
to its neighbors. AIter a Iew rounds oI Ilooding, all OSPF routers have the same set oI Router LSAs in their
LSDBs. Now routers can use the same LSDB to calculate routes and update routing tables.
From LSDB, a router learns the entire topology: the number oI routers being connected. Router interIaces
and their IP addresses, interIace link costs (OSPF metric). With such detail inIormation, routers are able to
calculate routing paths to reach all destinations Iound in LSDB. For example, in the OSPF basic simulation
(see External links), R1's LSDB contains two Router LSAs: A Router LSA Irom R1. R1 has two links.
Their IP addresses are 192.168.1.0/24,192.168.3.0/30. A Router LSA Irom R2. R2 has two links. Their
IP addresses are 192.168.2.0/24,192.168.3.0/30. From these LSA, R1 can calculate the routing path to
reach remote destination 192.11.68.2.2 and adds an entry (192.168.2.0/24, S1/0) to its routing table.
Pages: 1 2 3
Comments (104) Comments
Comment pages
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1. mayormartin
December 20th, 2012
OSPF Tutorial page 1 says 'Uses COST as a metric which CISCO deIines as the inverse oI the
bandwidth. What does that exactly mean?
2. 9tut
December 21st, 2012
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mayormartin: The Iormula oI cost:
Cost ReIerence / Bandwidth.
By deIault, ReIerence is 100000 | Kb/s |.
We can see Cost is inverse oI Bandwidth.
3. Vivek S
December 30th, 2012
Very useIul tutorial about OSPF.
4. shiIa
January 3rd, 2013
is the ccna exam as same as the dump and simulation on 9tut
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