Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
There are over 150 species of timber which are produced in India. Following are the chief varieties of timber trees which are used for engineering purposes in India: Binomial nomenclature Characteristics, Usage and Status
Common name
Colour
Density
Location
Aini or Aangili
Artocarpus hirsutus
Elastic, close-grained, and strong. It takes polish. It can be Maharashtra,Andhra used underwater. It is Pradesh,Tamil used for ordinary building Nadu,Karnataka, Kerala construction, structural work, paving, furniture an d so forth.
Arjun
Central India
It is heavy and strong. It has such uses as beams, rafters, and posts.
Axlewood
Anogeissus latifolia
930 kg/m
It is very strong, hard and tough. It takes a smooth finish. It is subject to cracking.
Babul
835 kg/m
Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Bengal,Guja rat, Uttar Pradesh
It is strong, hard and tough and it takes up a good polish. It is used for such products as bodies and wheels of bullock cart, agricultural instruments, tool handles, and well curbs.
Bakul
Bamboo
Not actually a tree, but a woody grass, it is flexible, very strong and durable. It is used for scaffoldings, thatched roofs, rafters, temporary
Banyan
Ficus benghalensis
Brown
580 kg/m
Throughout India
It is strong and durable only under water. The aerial roots are utilized for such items as tent poles and well curbs.
Benteak
Lagerstoemia parviflora
675 kg/m
It is strong and takes up a smooth surface. It may be Kerala, Madras, used for building Maharashtra, Karnataka constructions, boat building and furniture.
Bijasal
Pterocarpus marsupium
Light brown
800 kg/m
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Orissa
It is coarse-grained, durable and strong but difficult to work. Termites (also known as white ant) do not easily attack it. It is used for ordinary building construction and for cart wheels.Vulnerab le[3]
Casuarina
Casuarinaspp.
It grows straight. It is strong and fibrous. It is, however, badly twisted. It is often used for scaffolding and posts for temporary structures.
Coconut
Cocos nucifera
Reddish brown
Takes polish. Requires preservative treatment. Used as poles, piles, furniture and as formwork in concrete construction.
Deodar
Cedrus deodara
Deodar is the most important timber tree providing soft wood. It can be easily worked and it is moderately strong. It possesses distinct annual rings. It is used for making cheap furniture, railway carriages, railway sleepers, packing boxes, structural work and so forth.
Gambar
Gmelina arborea
Pale yellow
580 kg/m
It can be easily worked and is strong and durable especially when used under water. It is used for such products as furniture, carriage, well curbs, yokes, and door panels.
Hopea
Hopea parviflora
1010 kg/m
Madras, Kerala
Hopea is extremely strong and tough. It is difficult to work. However, it can be seasoned easily and it is durable and not likely to be damaged by white ants. It has been variously used for ordinary house construction, railway sleepers, piles, and boat building. Endangered[4]
Ulmus wallichiana
Red
960 kg/m
Throughout India
It is moderately hard and strong. It is used for door and window frames, carts, and so forth.
Ironwood is durable though it is very hard and is not easily worked. It even resists penetration of nails. It is used for ordinary house construction, bridges, piles, agricultural instruments, railway wagons, and railway sleepers.
Irul, Pyinkado
Xylia xylocarpa
It is very hard, heavy and durable. Difficult to work, it also requires slow and careful seasoning. It is used for railway sleepers, agricultural instruments, paving blocks, and heavy construction.Least concern[8]
Jack
595 kg/m
with age
Nadu, Kerala
It takes a good finish and maintains its shape well. It has many uses including plain furniture, boat construction, well curbs, door panels, cabinet making and musical instruments.
Jarul
640 kg/m
Hard and durable, it can be easily worked. It takes a good finish and is used for house construction, boat building, railway carriages, cart making and scaffolding.
800 kg/m
[9]
It is heavy and hard. It is durable under water and in damp conditions, however, it cracks if exposed to direct sun. White ants do not attack it. It is used for piles, platforms of wooden bridges, door and window panels.
Lauraceae, Saj
Lauraceae
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
It is strong, hard and tough. It is subject to cracking and attack by dry rot. White ants do not attack it. It takes a smooth finish. It is used for such purposes as house construction, boat construction, railway sleepers and structural work.
Mahogany
Swietenia spp.
It takes a good polish and is easily worked. It is durable under water. It is most commonly used for furniture, pattern making and cabinet work.
Mango
Mangiferaspp.
Deep gray
Throughout India
The mango tree is well known for its fruits. It is easy to work and it maintains its shape well. It is moderately strong. It is most often used for cheap furniture, toys,
packing boxes, cabinet work, panels for doors and for windows.
Mulberry
Morus spp.
Brown
650 kg/m
Punjab
It is strong, tough and elastic. It takes up a clean finish. It can be well seasoned. It is turned and carved easily. Mulberry is typically used for baskets and sports goods like hockey sticks, tennis rackets and cricket bats.
Oak
Quercus spp.
Oak is strong and durable, with straight silvery grain. It is used for preparing sporting goods.
Palm
Arecaceae
Dark brown
1040 kg/m
Throughout India
It contains ripe wood in the outer crust. The colour of this ripened wood is dark brown. It is strong, durable and fibrous. Palm is used for furniture, roof covering, rafters and joists.
Pine
Pinus spp.
Pine wood is hard and tough except white pine which is soft. It decays easily if it comes into contact with soil. It is heavy and coarse grained. It is used for pattern making, frames for doors and windows, and for paving material. White pine is light and straight grained and is used in the manufacture of matches.
Red cedar
Red
[1]
480 kg/m
Assam, Nagpur
It is soft and even grained. It is used for furniture, door panels and well curbs.
Rosewood
Dalbergia latifolia
Dark
[1]
850 kg/m
[12]
It is strong, tough and close-grained. It is a handsome wood that takes up a high polish. It maintains its shape well
Orrissa
and is available in large sizes. It is used for furniture of superior quality, cabinet work, ornamental carvings and so forth. Vulnerable[13]
Sal
Shorea robusta
Brown[1]
It is hard, fibrous and close-grained. It does not take up a good polish. It Karnataka, Andhra requires slow and careful Pradesh, Maharashtra, seasoning. It is durable Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, under ground and water. Madhya Pradesh, Orissa It is used for railway sleepers, shipbuilding, and bridges.
Sandalwood
Santalum spp.
It has a pleasant smell. It Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, is commonly used for Kerala, Assam, Nagpur, agricultural instruments, Bengal well curbs, wheels, and mallets. Vulnerable[15]
Satinwood
Chloroxylon swietenia
Yellow[1
6]
960 kg/m
It is very hard and durable. It is close grained. It is used for furniture and other ornamental works. Vulnerable[17]
Simul
Bombax spp.
White
450 kg/m
It is a loose grained, inferior quality wood. Light in weight, it is used for packing cases, the match industry, well curbs, and for cheap furniture.
Siris
Albizia spp.
Dark brown
North India
Hard and durable, Siris wood is difficult to work. It is used for well curbs in salty water, beams, posts, and furniture.
Sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo
Also known as shisham or tali, this wood is strong and tough. It is durable and handsome and it maintains its shape well. It can be easily seasoned. It is difficult to work but it takes a fine polish. It is
used for high quality furniture, plywoods, bridge piles, sport goods, railway sleepers and so forth. It is a very good material for decorative works and carvings.
Spruce
Picea spp.
480 kg/m
Spruce wood resists decay and is not affected by the attack of marine borers. It is however liable to shrink, twist and warp. It is used for piles under water and (formerly) for aeroplane construction.
Sundri
Heritiera fomes
Bengal
It is hard and tough. It is difficult to season and work. It is elastic and close grained. It is strong and durable. These qualities make it suited for such uses as boat building, piles, poles, tool handles, and carriage shafts.
Tamarind
Tamarindus indica
Dark brown
1280 kg/m[citat
ion needed]
Tamarind is knotty and durable. It is a beautiful tree for avenue and gardens. Its development is very slow but it ultimately forms a massive appearance. Its fruit is also very useful. It is used for agricultural instruments, well curbs, sugar mills, carts and brick burning.
Teak
Tectona grandis
Moderately hard, teak is durable and fire-resistant. It can be easily seasoned and worked. It takes up a good polish and is not attacked by white ants and dry rot. It does not corrode iron fastenings and it shrinks little. It is among the most valuable timber trees of the world and its use is limited to superior work only.
Toona ciliata
Assam
It can be easily worked. It is light in weight. It is used for such products as furniture, packing boxes, cabinet making and door panels.
Indian Mangrove
Caucasian Maple Himalayan Maple Singkrang Lobed-leaf Alangium Sage Leaved Alangium Wild Mango Netted Custard Apple Sugar Apple Mango Kakkar Brazilian Pepper Cashew Chironji Tree Indian Ash Tree Ylang Ylang Ashok Batino Crape Jasmine Mexican Oleander Woolly Dyeing Rosebay Frangipani pink Frangipani red Nag Kuda Madagascar Palm White Frangipani Common White Frangipani
Devil Tree Sea Mango Indrajao Peacock Chaste Tree Chaste Tree Tree of Life Asian Bushbeech Parrot's Beak Teak West Indian Elm East-Indian Screw Tree Looking Glass Mangrove Bothi Scarlet Sterculia Pale Sterculia Buddha Coconut Java Olive Spotted Sterculia Large Leaf Looking Glass Tree Guest Tree Kanak Champa Fiddlewood Arni Gamhar Wild Tamarind Moulmein Rosewood Pongam Tree Badminton Ball Tree Tree Bean Jerusalem Thorn Jhand Algaroba Prickly Padauk White Locust Tree Rain Tree Agati
Common Sesban Tipu Tree Sweet Chestnut Woolly Leaved Oak Blackjack Oak Governor's Plum Coffee Plum Mountain Sweet Thorn Chhal Mogra Fried Egg Tree Dandal Ginkgo Himalayan Tree Hydrangea Pisa Nelthare Indian Bay Leaf Cinnamon Meda