Arabe 6

q fq dG jq QG
jq dGh Hq dG IQGRh
dG fhe
q
SSCG dG e SOdG dG
q
LZGdG WdG cG
fu - wubO wMu edLK WuH uI lOL
eq G
?dG fhe
q GP
q J
q e jdH HQG ah TG j HSG fhG
q g Vh
e GOY fhG
g q Jh .qdG fCG YGj (dGh dGh dG)
q
IGOCG q qfCG qEG ,UG M e J dGh eOEGh Qq dG Gqce
dG J Yh HdG UQ e bfG Gjh Jh jJ qdG Y YJ
.gq YJ fEG q Vh e jq G e jdG AEH dG FG YdGh
:fhG
q UQ
:JBG dG Y Iqce Sh KG e fhG
q qdCJ
dG YGb SG q HdG fEG
IAGdG
q SSCG GqcG
qdG Gqce
(1 iG) q LdG GqcG
(2 iG) q LdG GqcG
HH Y UG jdGh ShQdG JJ GqcG g jJ CG Y UM bh

Iqce
q c q Jh .dG YGb SGh q HdG fEG h UdG IAGb dG
H e qJ e AGS jq dG IgdG hJ LQq e (jQ P hCG) jQdG e Y
q SSCG dG e hCG MG GS NBG qd dH a
H hCG G
q ,dG
q
q Vh dSG Y Qq dG Ua d Jh G jq dG gGdG SG
.LfEGh a UdG e edG Jjc AEGh JGQb j LCG e
hP qG qL HSG eCG je dG jQ qf CG jCGQ bh
eSG GqcG fYGh .Iq G jQdG UQ jJ qd IYeh jG fCG
H q edG fCG Jje J dG Iq M cCG HdG hd L
q e z1 iG{`H
.z2 iG{ Gqc bCG HU j e N H ,Ic
3
IAGdG
f
q
q c aQCGh .e KK hCG jCGL fMCG JCJ b ,jW Ib Uf fNG
.q jQJ e AHh dG
c dG Y qG ,e H ,d IAGb g IQH
q
J dG
j (zdG cCG{) dhCq G :b MbG a q LZGdG RG qeCG
q
GAGb dEG IOdGh e YdG Y qG j (zdG
dYCG{) dGh ,a qZd
q
,bY e H e qJh ,Jfe
H jQdG Jh ,qjLh eU
q EG dG
q
.jbh KGMCG H CGdG AGHEGh feh e q dGh
q HdG fEG
UM bh .e bGH U GP CG Uf fEG EG G GQSH gG
(dG
e We hCG e hCG ee hCG jq d GhOCG hCG J) GYe J Y
q
GYG J e Qq j qG Lh .iNCG EG Iqce eh NBG EG j e J
G qc YCG iG jQ REG e HdG hP e V h .q jQJ
q J dG q HdG q HdG dG fCG Y j CGG Ggh .e H dG
.fhG
q
dG YGb SG
gGdG q d Jh YOh LG qG e e fG Y Y
KdG jdG fe
q hJ H MhGQ bh .SOdG dG efH V qdG qjdG
IQhV if CG hO (U Hc IOG Hch G q dGh dG q dG)
Qb YGQ bh .NG
qG jQdG e gZ e
qG jQdG d
q
q
q FG q da IcG EG q dG e jq dG IgdG e eJ qG Qq j CG eEG
Se XJ zSdG YGbh jq dG HCG XJ{ Y IQdG q M fEa
.UG Lh Y q HdG UGdG
?GqcG g J c
h q SQG d jH ,aNG Y ,J CG j GqcG g qCG EG IQTEG Q
:b qG dEG Oj IGOCG g qfEGh ,q qN H j Jh jQ SGq c
,qe qf
q hCG qf
q hCG qjd IgX dJ aG jd Se jQ AfG `
gAGOCG Oj
q q J Y EG LM qG e a id YO hCG qJ cJ `
,(qSSCG Gqce)
4
e ed GOGSG GhHCGh fGbC e J GQb GhHCG qG e OY L HSG `

,(q Gqce) Jh dCJh e dG q fadG bGH q J GJ cCG q Vh
Qq dG Ije Y JQb e q qJ HU j jdG edG e f IYe `
qLdG GqcG) gOGfCG qJ fCG Ije Yh q SQG dG Y H dG
.(j
EG QOj q M qe Gqc eOEG d Le f qfCG EG jCG dG Qjh
q J CG Y UM ddh .gZ hO qG e a EG H L
q j eOEG qCG gPCG
eOEG SQ Jh jQdG J
q qce q Vh e cCG ,U c e ,Iqce
q c
.(jc hCG jc fe
q hCG Iq GgCG hCG ge H) Jje
IAGdG Gqce
q SSCG IqcG
````q HdG
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
u pOr q dG u s dG nn r Ho Oo q Mn oCG
.ppJnfu neo hn
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
n r udG opHr nJ u dG n bn nn dG Qo s n
n JnCGhn nIQn dG
t
o eq nCnJnCG `1
.pQo
r o dpH
.............................................
.............................................
p
.pJGQn t n
n J p
s U
r pe
o s
n nJnCGhn q pJBG
s s dG oCGn br nCG `2
mnbGn Un Oo npe
pM
p r U
n nCG nYn GQk o
r Yo n
n Hr nCan ,pp jpSn nYn k pdL
n
o nnchn ,k paGOn k paU
n Qo n s dG nnc
Qp o
r o dG ndEG
o u
n jo
n GQn hn ,o o jpQSn CnG
r L
n n n rfa .ppan r oZ pIn panf
r pe pn jpn dG pIn
n dG
s pr
n ZCnG
n o r n an p VQr nCG ndEGp hr nCG m o
r o dG nnch .ppJncn M
n
r pe pcn n M
n
u opH GkPN
o rCen
r Z ndEGp
k o
r Z
r pe o p r jn Qo o
GnPGE p hn k npaN
s ndEGp Oo o nj soK kKnnK hr nCG p rnJn r nf
n kIn p n
r J n s n
n a ,ppnopH on unjo rnCG p r qpd sn an .pIn ndG
rnCG n an
r nd o oes nCn n an o n
r f o jpn r jn Qp o
r o dpH
n en o n r Yn
r en nZhn u pdG
s
o rbn
n n n rfna ,o p jn hn k n
.m n L
r Qn p r npH o r ep n n nf r bn nojn
(86`75 U ,15 ,1997 ,af SDe ,HcCG ,f Fe)
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
.n o o cr nCGhn n o r pe
q co nYn n sdGs dG n nr oG oCGn br nCG .p r nfnen ka
v q dG oGn M
r nCG
r Qn GOn `1
...............................................................................
................................................................................
.n o n cr nCGhn
u s dG oGn M
r nCG p ap
r n bn hn qdG nen s dG Oo u
n oJ u dG n n
o rdG oCGn br nCG `2
................................................................................
7
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
q SSCG IqcG
````q HdG
p
.
u q dG ps
r Tn
o u Yn oCG `3
................................................................................
.gn CoGn br CnGhn Qp o
r o dpH p r udG nnYr EG Qo u J
n udG n nr oG oocr CnG `4
................................................................................
.n go Oo u nMoCG :p rnn p n
r oe p rnndnpH or udG s ne `5
................................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
p r U
nhn Qo o
r o rdG
n n nVG
r n an in N
r oCG kIs e o nd n s U
n hn
o n
s n n an On Yn rnCG Qo o
r o dG npnd en hn
p q dG
p r U
ndEGp
n
o or jn hn o njr Pn t o jn
n GQn hn
t
n ep
n n n br G
r Hn Qn nW
o
n gn Pn gn n r Yp .m n r p rWpH o Qn r U
.psdG
t p nSr nCG pa oTs Qn hn qnrdG npe m p n pH nAnan ,npdPn rpe pn rHnCG
ps dG
p r jn hn
t
n pe
n p n r jn rnCG nhOo o L
o p jn nna ,pQn s dG
n pdPn n nWp GQk p M
n n p Hn Qn o
r o rdG
s p ndhn
pn dG
t ndEGp Qo o
r o rdG pap n n bn l r jn nnc rCG ndEGp p G
n p rdG
n dp Pn nYn o js nCG
r ndGnn Jhn ...mQGn r p pH sEGp
s nG
n h
n n n jn rnCG o n en
r
n jn r nd Gq M
n n r p rWG ppH n nHn m js nCG n r Hn hn pr nYn dG
q
n rdG o o r jn n N
n nCGhn
.p bn Gn dG
q p n pH m nr p pH
o r udG n n n
n a ,p ndrn dG p jn ep
p rU
kpdr nJ oo r ojhn ppnj pa Qn o
o p nnr oe pa nnH rnCG p rn jpdp
s H o renCG n nrfGhn
r o rdG n N
o rCnj rnCG
.kpr nJhn
(f QG)
p Ghn m r nj pa pk
.pIn rp dG pp gn oYn r nj ne
u sdG npe op nSr nCG .mM
s dG oGn rMnCG p rnJ rnd `6
................................................................................
p nr dp
p r U
p Gn n rdG n gp en `7
.pQo
r o dG p n Kp
o n n n sJG u dG
o M
................................................................................
................................................................................
8
q SSCG IqcG
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
.n o o cr nCGhn Qp o
r o rdG Qp n M
n
r Yn o u n oJ u dG
n n
o rdG nCGn br nCG `8
................................................................................
................................................................................
p b n
.m n
x f p jprnJ pa n pH o Tp r n Sr nCG s oK n n pJBG nGn M
r nCG
o uJQn oCG `9
...........................................
...........................................
pIn
n dG
s p o
r Z nYn Qp o
r o rdG Qo o oX `
...........................................
...........................................
p rU
Qp o
o oodBnJ `
r o rdGhn
p r U
Qp o
r o rdpH
o
o n an `
...........................................
p rU
Qp o
r o rdG n bn On
n oe
o onh
n noe `
...........................................
p hn oCG `10
.p nj n pH kp nr oe
u sdG n nHnpc oUG
p r U
o nnchn k paGOn k paU

n Qo n s dG nnc
o p n r jn kfn r oK ppJn panf
r pe n
n Hr nCG kInC
r an hn .pp jpSn nYn k pdL
n
.............................................................pQo
r o rdG p p jp U
n
u Yo
r ep
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
9
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
6
:dG
q cCG
n r Hn pdG pnbnn rdG Qo s n

n JnCGhn nIQn dG
t
o es nCnJnCG `1
p
.pnsdG ps
r dG
s
.......................................p
.pJGQn t n
n J p
s U
r pe s
o n
n JnCGhn
s dG
s oCGrn bnCG `2
Rk
o Yn oIn
r nf
p pYp Sn
o n
r jn
n n Tn hn u G
r Yn n s nn a ,p r dG
s pho To n r Yp pHnn rdG ndEG lo nr b
n U
n hn
p oo o r jn hn
gn Opo Q njo GRk
o n p Sn kInCn
r ahn .p n r
n dG p rSn ndEGp ek n M
n nnG
o Yn inCGQn hn NG
k n U
lo r bn en Qn .pju dG
r pn H op n nr J n gr hn Qo
l Yn r
l cn
q prnrdG Gngn inPnCG n r Yn o an r jn
prnrdG n
r nf n an n rfG s oK ,knp Z GOk o Yn n r pe
s n SG
r hn p VQr nCG nYn p n
n rdG pen r
o pH
rnCG ndEGp kjpnZ kAGn Yo pr nj kHQp gn s an hn ,GQk Yo r ne kpFN
n ornrdG s nJQr na ,pSp rCGQn nYn onHn V
n hn
n nr Yn Vp
o u n jo Rp
o dG
n nY lo nr b
n rn bnCG m pFn r Yp .pHnn dG nSn hn nn NG
r
o r njhn n Yn nn a
.Gk r Yn o rJn gr nCGhn o nd
n n an en p
s pd Ro
o n rdG
r n nTn .ppJn Yn n eo
r Yn On hn n p L
r nCpd
b Y ,G ShdG q
(q H)
:
s q dG
o pdYn GoC
.nn fen Rn hn oGn M
r nCG ppa
r n L
n udG nnrn dG
o u Yn oCGhn
s dG
s oCGrn bnCG `1
........................................................................
10
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
.zp n nG p rS{
n ndEGp zlo r bn
n U
n h{
n :
r pe pjn Gn pdG n V
r hn oCGn br nCG `2
p
...............................................ppa nIQo
n cr rn dG n s
r dG
s
o u Yn oCG ` CG
p
? n r n L
r dG
s pgen `
n gn dG s
p
.
u dG
s
n pe p r p rdG Gngn nYn GO
k n pYG
r n pJnU
n r Hn
o pn Sr nCG `
........................................................................
p
.
u s dG ps p Hn pa in N
r oCG mnU
r Yn n nd o
n Hr nCG `
........................................................................
.zppJn Y
n n e{
o ndEGp zkInCn
r ah{
n :
r pe t
n dG
s
n n Sp CGrn bnCG `3
p
.................................................. ?oIOn u n oG o s
r dG
s n pg en ` CG
p
.......................................... ?rJn Y
n Sn dG o s
r dG
s n pg en `
p n V
.zGk r Y{
n ndEGp z
r nn Tn h{
n :
r pe p n G
r hn oCGrn bnCG `4
p n o rdG n nr
:p jn s pe n n S
o rdG
o rn fnCG ` CG
k Hpn n
.gn Ah
r eo Ro
o dG
n pndGRn en `
n o go Ro
o dG
n
r O
n n n Sr Gp `
...........................................................................
.n o
r nn f dG
u n nr r
o dG
o paGon J
u dG
s
n pe k jpn bn
o ro cnCG `
...........................................................................
:p jn en pa nIn sn ro dG nIOn rn ro dG
o paGn jo en o s n
n JnCG `5
............................. l p Yn ` Sp
l Tn ` jp
l en : Qo
l Yn
l rcn Rn
o n rdG OQn nW `
p n nr J `
p noJ `
o p n nr J Ro
..................................
o M
o p r oJ :
o dG
n `
11
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
......................................... L
n Gn nJ `
n nn rfG ` nn Sn :
o rnrdG s nJQr G `
.......................... gn An nHo ` n n ndnCG ` n an r N
n : Rp
o n dG nnn a
o dG
s
o u n jo `
:
u s dG pa gn Op hQo ho
n n M
n n n pJBG nGM
r nCG
o uJQn oCG `6
...............................-1
nIn
r dG
s Rp
o dG
n n
o nW `
...............................-2
n n
n rdG mo r bn o r L
n `
kfo r bn Rp
...............................-3
o n rdG oInCan neo `
...............................-4
Rn
o n rdG prnrdG n L
n n eo `
...............................-5 prnrdG u Tn
r pe Rn
o n rd mo r bn
o p
r nJ `
p dG
m n L
o p r N
n pa dG
s
o n
u doCGhn p SO
q p jpr dG
s pa n o sr JQn dG
q pGn M
r nCpH
o p n Sr nCG `7
:m npHGn n eo
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.n pJn
r n pd
s gn hn o nn Yn
n n nJ s M
n Rp
o n rdG n nKnpSBr G lo r bn n p Sn rnCG en `8
?mo nr b pt n
n J pa
n jo rCGQn en `
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
12
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
?GnPn pd ?o nfnen
n r co nr d
o n r nJ
n r co GnPen `
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.GQk Yo r en kpFN
n
o rnrdG s nJQr G `9
............................................... ?p sn o rdG pscn o rdG o n Xp hn en `
p n eo m nen
.mS
r Yn p pr d
s mnr L
o pa
n pcr dG
s Gngn
o p r n Sr nCG `
...........................................................................
.prnrdG n n
r f lo nr b nn arn fEG `10
Gngn
n ar hn
u s dG ps p Hn n Hn n pc n Yp oCGhn ,zprndG
n pe lo r bn Yop P{ : Gngn n nr
o rdG pp gn o nu ZoCG
.p rs dG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
13
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
````q HdG
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p oCGhn n n r n rdG osenCnJnCG `1

:p rnpJBG p rndGnD dG
t rYn oL
?GnPn pdhn ?Oo sdG
q Gngn ho rnj nrcn
............................................
............................................
p rpe o cs nCnJnCGhn JBG
.pnHnLEGn psU
s sdG oCGn br nCG `2
Om s Un o jn nMp
.knnM pjQ
n ndEGp snM or as nn J n an knnL oqnn JnCGhn kjOp Ghn opgr nCG ppd opH Qn n sdG oar n U
n
p Ghn
p n r Yn nYn mGQn Yp pIn r Yn
.n r pe GmM
o r U
n nCG n an m
n M
r pe
s bn nCG n
o r n rWnCG r bn hn
pr n dG ndEGn On Yo nCG rnCG r
p nf pa s
n an l pF nW pn r L
o pa
n r ndhn pp n rdG ndEGp
o r dG
s pnden hn
.l r U
n pjn pa
n r ndhn Ol GDn ao pHr G ppbnjo rnCGhn
p GQn Or nCG
p nCGhn
o n r nJ o n r
n rdGhn L
o r Yo hn per nCG nYn
o r p oZ Gk N
n pdn cn nfnCG n n r Hn hn .k r nf prbn
p nCG nfnCGhn ,p pcn nYn n n uYn oCGhn ps pbo r Ho np ar oCG rnCG
pcn Qp r jo rnCG n an
n en p r dG
q pa t L
o r n gn r bn hn
p rdG pa o n sdG
pa o o jr On Qr nCan .p jp qdG pn rYn n r Yp pGn Tr nCG p r Hn
r pe o p rjn u Hn mnfQr nCpH Pr EGp ,pn
.p
n rdG
n rdG nYn Hu Qn Gk pcTn pr n rdG ndEGp

o r Yo
r
n n nna .pQn nf n pH
o r n N
n q dG pn as n o rdG pn pJ
p an n p dG
nr nM t nrdG
n nehn .pQr dG
s p r rpe
k r nHhn Gm
s p nYr nCGhn nnfQr nCG pnLhr Rn
.p n n rdGhn p n n rdpH k nr oe pIn pFn rdG
(H 43-39U U 8 ,1987 ,hH ,af SDe ,H HCG ,f Fe)
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
.n oocr nCGhn mnne sco Oo u noJ udG n nr oG oCGn br nCG .p rnfnne pa
u qdG oGn rMnCG rQn GO `1
...............................................................................
14
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
...............................................................................
.n oocr nCGhn
u qdG oGn rMnCG ppa rn bn hn qdG nnes dG oun oJ udG n nr oqdG oCGn br nCG `2
...............................................................................
p
.
u s dG ps
r Tn u Sn oCG `3
...............................................................................
.mr p
n H pIOn r n dG
n en Op s dG
s S
n rCjn Qo u o
n J q dG n nr oG
o o cr nCG `4
...............................................................................
.pnr nrdGhn p n n dG npe mndnMhn ,pnrnGhn p SrCnrdG npe mndnM :p rnn p n
r oe p rnndnpH Oo sdG
s s ne `5
.ppjn n pfhn mndM
n
u opH
o sn n jn p dG
u s dG
n pe p r p rdG pjn Gn pH Oo u M
n oCG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.p rs dG
o n r pSG
r pjn Gn pdG p nen nYn
n nnZ `6
.n oocr nCGhn n sp rn rdG nn ordG oCGn br nCG ` CG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.p rs dG pGhn On CG o uSn oCG `
.n oJr sSn u dG p rs dG pGhn On nCG n pa
o p r n Sr nCG m n L
o n Hn Qr CG
o prfoCG `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p eo Oo s dG
?mr p
n H pIOn r n rdG nYn Gv
s
n n L
n p dG
o n dG
s en ` 7
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
15
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
.
n rCGs dG Gngn pn Yn r nJ p r n n jpbn
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG .GQk p M
n Oo s dG
s ho r jn `8
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p b n
.m n
x f p jprnJ pa n pH o Tp r n Sr nCG s oK n n pJBG nGn M
r nCG
o uJQn oCG `9
...................................................................................
...........................................
.mrU
n rYn krnH n nHnrdG oonj Oo qdG
s
.k nfQr CG Oo n
...........................................
r jn Oo s dG
s
...........................................
.mr U
n nYn Qp oo dG
n pe S
o nCr jn Oo s dG
s
...........................................
.nfQr nCpH no pr nr nj oonpFYn hn Oo sdG
s
...........................................
.mr U
s
n nhOo ppdp ren ndEGp nIOn r n rdG Qo u n jo Oo s dG
...........................................
.p rndnp pH Gk Tp r nr oe m npH n prZoCG kn oL oocr nCG `10
p nf pa s M
.l r U
n pjn pa n
n dhn pr n dG ndEGp On Yo nCG rnCG r
n `
p GQn Or nCG
.k r nf prbn
o n r nJ o n r
n rdGhn L
o r Yo `
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................-
16
q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p n n rdG p nj s pe Qo nN
p
n sV
r nCGhn
u spd n nM
n o rdG nIQn dG
t oqenCnJnCG `1
: o nd
n rn fnCG
.m Sr Yo pnr M
o n r jo `
n
r Yn kfnYr EGp
o r sdG
.n
n en Qn p js nCG Op n n pH m nYr EGp
r Yn kfnYr EGp
o r sdG
o n r jo `
.Op npdG pa n bn hn m p Yn mn M
n
r Yn kfnYr EGp
o r sdG
o n r jo `
p n an o jpRnCG `2
.n ncr nCG hr nCG in N
r oCG k s V
.............................................. `
.............................................. `
(1) kIs en
n pKnnK o rn jo o r sdG
ppnen prHGhn ,p Sp dG
p nJ Ql
n pp rLpn H ,pdG
t p hs nCG pa ,ppfscOo pa p Tn o dG o L
o rne no pd noj
.nnenenCG onYn p
n H Vp
o r nj ,p rnnpadG
s prnrYn hn ,pFn Op n rdG
pa oo SG
u H Ql
o rne n n nTG
r
r Qn n
n a pndor n rdG Qp n Sr nCGhn ,pIn unG pYn p
n rdGhn ,pnfnenCGhn pr dp
S
t
o s dGhn lIQn o r en p jp
n rdGhn pn p br nCG
r en o o Yn p
n Hhn ,l
n pFGQn o oJQn
n pan ,kn pd
u co nYn pdG
.ppfscOo nYn no M
n Gn n jn
p n r jn hn pn p br nCG pa o n nnf
n ,m r jn
n GnPhn
o un jo hn n jp
n rdG
o s nn jn
n bn hn .
l jpnZ
l L
o Qn oAn L
:
n nb s oK ,gn On n L
r nCG
p nJ nfnCG `
en p en
n r nd ,
r p ndhn ,p Rn u dG pp gn An Gn Tp o jpQoCG ,
n o Yn p
n H pr n
n Yr nCG r bn hn ,orpe l L
.
n n sdG
n nd o an Or nCGhn
n er p cr oCG pn jpen ndEGp pn r nJnCG GnPEGp .n nd k n nK p rjn
p Hn Ql
:k S
o r en
n L
n nCG
.kn nW o
n aQr nCG rCG pJOn Yn rpe
n rnd ,oAnn J ne r N
o ,nrnYn S
n rCnH n `
mIn pcn m Rn Qp pa osco pdPn Ql
n anCG nnrfGhn ,pn p br nCG nn rMnCG ojpndG n s
n nJ
o rne nn nLhn ,pGrn KnCG r
p BG snM on ne n nn nM
.oYn Os hn soK ,pdG
q p N
(39`37 U)
17
q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
p s dG
?Ap nan
o rdG
n pe On n n rdG Gngn
n n pcr G Ql
o r en o L
n nn SG
r
n r cn ` 1
.................................................................................
p npH nu n opd Qm
?pr
o rne ndEGp ojpndG ooLq dGn nes bn udG pneor n rdG n pg ne ` CG `2
.................................................................................
?kn panc pen or n rdG p gn in nJ
r gn `
.................................................................................
?pjpnrdG p L
o s dG p Yn n pan p r en pa
o nZr nJ q dG in N
r oCG
o en or n rdG n pg en `
.................................................................................
?oojn
s n n nJ
u bn nCG nYn mnp Sr nCG n nKnnK
r o cr oCG ` O
r en
o p r n pd pjpnrdG p L
o s dG ndEGp n pH o L
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
:
u qdG pa gn Op hQo ho nn nM k nsJn oe pnpJBG pGn rMnCG n nHnpc o Yp oCG `3
pjpnrdG p L
o q dG o ho bo
.......................................
pr
p n pH pjpndG p L
o s dG
o jpr nJ
.......................................
Qm
o r en pscOo n
r nf jpnrdG p L
o s dG o L
t nn J
.......................................
.kIn pcn k Yn p
n H pjpndG p oLs dG oAGn Tp
.......................................
p s dG
n jpnrdG
n L
o s dG Qm
o r en p L
o
n p UG
r
.......................................
.pn jpn rdG
n Qp N
n ndEG
p s dG n ndHn `4
.
n rCGs dG Gngn pn Yn r nJ
n r n nfp bn
s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG : pjpndG p L
o s dG p Gn cr EGp pa Ql
o r en o L
...................................................................... ndhoCG o n jpn rdG `
....................................................................... o npfsdG o njpn dG `
.......................................... ?GnPn pd ?n nrfG pbn
s qdG Gngn snCG o p nr nJ rgn ` CG ` 5
.................................................................................
18
q dG Iqce
````q HdG
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
p nJ
.pn pHdG
s
n pHn L
n EGn
r pe Gk p n r eo
q q dG n r
r phM
n `
ppa On Qn hn ne nneGnC k nenYn oVn GnC
on jprnJ
o``````G
.......................e
..........................
pGn M
r nCG oen Rn ..........................
p
u bn nCG nYn l s
r Tn .......................EG
..........................
pGn M
n
n
C
g
C
G
r t n
..........................
pnjGn pdG oV
r hn
.......................e
..........................
pGn rMnCG oneRn ..........................
p
u bn nCG nYn l s
r Tn .......................EG
..........................
pGn M
n
n
C
g
C
G
r t n
..........................
p t nsdG onSp
.......................e
..........................
pGn rMnCG oneRn ..........................
p
u bn nCG nYn l s
r Tn .......................EG
..........................
pGn M
n
n
C
g
C
G
r t n
..........................
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
pGn rMnCG onne
pGn rMnCG onne
pGn rMnCG onne
?(pGn r o rdG pa On Qn hn n cn ) kIs en

n ar n Yn
r gn `
n pKnnK
o r sdG
o n r jo GnPn dp
.................................................................................
?
n jo rCGQn
n n M
n
o n dG
s oojn GnPen ` O
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
19
q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
(2) kIs ne npKnnK on r oj or sdG

p sdG pIQn njRp hn p n qs pd n s nnan ,p n n rdG Ap nYn rpe or
pa pjpnrdG p L
n nf nhu n oj rnCG Ql
o rne snMnCG
pp en
o r en
n U
n hn r bn hn ..k r U
n o n dG
s hn ,vbTn
o jp sdG nnc .pIn p n rdG ppn jpen
n r n bo n n jpn rdG Ql
Ql
o r en
n N
n On .m pcn m
n r en ndEGp S
o s dG o n Tn Qr nCan p L
o s dG p Yn
o nCr jn pdG
t ndEGp
n n Sr nCan ,p r dG
s
r pan jo r ndhn ,k r Tn o r pe p n r jn r nd o sfnCGhn ,
o r bn
r pe o n jn r nd o sfnCG
n nM
n hn n nrfnCan ,pr nYn n sSn hn p L
o s dG nYn
.ppJn M
n
n Gn nW mnen ndGE p
ppa r
p jn m r of ndEG nC
n ndhn .
o n r jn en pa o un jo p
n r n rdG
n pe
n n N
n hn ,Gk pcn Ql
o r en np M
n
p
p
p:n jpn rdG Ap L
p
s gn q M
n p r s dG ndEGp o r n r jn r njn r ndhn ,o n nr nd
n Qr nCG a
u phn jn m r nW sbOn nYn
p U
:o nd
o r en
n n rn SG
r
n nan ,pdPn
r Yn p r t dG
n M
n
n nCSn hn Ql
m
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
nne GnPGE hn ,sbOn nnHQr nCG or sdG tn oj
l
r Tn oo nj nen rY ,njn rdG gn a ,noJOn Yn nrJ `
!..kIs ne njpr Yp nfYo n r nj o penCG oo nj en rYp rp ndh ,msbOn Yn sOo k nfnne oan Qr nCG loLQn
.m r pn H ooHQr nCG `6
p s dG pIOn r Yn
.pjpnrdG p L
r pe
n jn rnCG n r Hn
.ppdGn er CpH pn nd no rpd
p nf
.pr
r Yn p jhr s pd
p s dG n an Sn
Ql
o r en o L
p s dG
?GQk
o r en n L
o jpnrdG
o L
o s dG
n n r n SBr G
n r cn `7
.................................................................................
?pn jpndG pn jpn rdG pp gn
o o tdG
o n r oJ GnPn pd ` CG `8
.................................................................................
p s dG p Sr ho pa
?
r gn `
n pdPn
n r cn ?pn jpn rdG pa p o tdG
u On pIOn Yn
r pe oIOn npSG
r Qm
o r en p L
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
20
q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
u q dG pnfnu eo pjp
r n pH pJBG
n hn r
n rdG
o p cr oCG `9
u s dG Gngn pa n pH
r en nb q dG oGn Mr nCG
o s p r dG
s
onnG
oen q dG
................................. ............... ............... ...............

................................. ............... ............... ...............
................................. ............... ............... ...............
? npjrCGQn nn nM Qp o dG
t Gngn onSn n go ne ? ooLs dG on nrfnCG nen rYp Ql
o rne n n Tn npH `10
..........................................................................:Qo dG
t
..........................................................................:dG
q
sco hn p rjn rpn H mn
r f p p V
n qco o uSn oCGhn ,Qn Gn rqdG n rpe op rMnCGhn pnpJBG pIn r n rdG nInAGn pb o Yp oCG `11
p Ghn m rpn H x L
:mM
n p p V
n
p s dG
p s dG
o L
o s dG
n nM
n hn GQk
o r en n L
o jpnrdG
o L
o s dG n nrfnCan ,mjpnrdG p L
o s dG nYn Ql
o r en o L
n N
n On
p s dG
p s dG n jn r nd o sfnCG
pnne ndEG r pan jo r ndhn ,k r Tn Qm
o r en p L
n pe p n r jn r ndhn ,
o r bn
r pe GQk
o r en n L
o jpnrdG
.ppJn M
n
n Gn nW
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
:Gnngn kFpnroe m oSr nCG psSp pa
u sdG n nHnpc o Yp oCG `12
ppH np n an ,prnYn Ql
p sdG nbq nn J
o rne nN
n On ,or
n nf njpnrdG noLs dG inCGn an m pcn m nrne nnenCG Ql
o rne o L
................................................................k p Yn kMn an ooLs dG
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
21
q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
(3) mIs en
n pKnnK o n r jo o r qdG
rnCG pr ndEGp k pd nW s pgn Pn GQk n jOp o nYr nCGhn p r sdG
n Qp nb n n
n bhn ,o n an r oZ p pcn rdG p n dG
s o r eo Ql
o r en
n n nJ
!kIs en
n pKnnK
n r sdG
n n r jn
p FU
n
n pnbq tdG S
o s dG n
n cGn n an ,
n jppbGs dG nn jr nCGhn ,nn pFs dG n n jpn qdG p r sdG
t phOn s gn
.r o pn jpn pH nn M
n s Yn nodAn n n jn
p n pH o ndnCSn hn ,p r sdG
z?pdPn
n rn an GnPn pd{ :pr
n Qp nb o penCG Yn r n SG
r
p
p
p
m
z!u pgn Pn GQk n jO f nYr nCG rnCG n r Hn Gngn u e
n n nW Ql
o r en o o Sr G l LnJ
n n go { :
n nan
o p jn o o L
r hn hn ,kFOp gn nnc .pn jpn rdG p penCG n en nCG Ql
o r en
n oehn
r pe nnc en pr nYn n
s bhn pr dp
u H
:nnb qoK ppdnprMGhn p oLs dG Qp r nZ
pnfnenCG or ne onr oj n GnPn p an ,mYn r bn njpr Yp pa onr oJ ` oqdG nn Sn n ` p penCG oInahn rnfnc GnPEGp `
.?!npKnnpH pr dG
u hn
p sdG Ap ncn pH o penCG n
p Yr oCG
nnb rCG n r nH ppYn p
n H nn nK ond nnLQr nCGhn on Wp N
n ns nWhn onen cr nCan ,mQ
o rne p L
z..!p Sq dG
n o nJ
r ndhn ..
o r dG
u
n o jn
r nd{ :o nd
n r Hn o nfen nCG
.nn p sdG jn Gn n rdG
o p
r jn ppn jpen ndEGp Ql
o r en n L
n Qn m jq nCG n r Hn hn
(43`39 U)
p
:pJBG p hn r nrdG n Yo Ru hn oCGhn p
r dG
s op
r nSr nCG `13
p pFs dG n s p r dG
p s dG s p r dG
n s
r Yn Sn
o q p r Tn o s F
s
............................... ..................
............................... ..................
q pFs dG n s p r dG
s
r nbn r Yn
l s p r Tn
.............................
.............................
p
p n eo mnU
p
:pn pJBG ps
r
q pd mn S
r Yn o
n Hr nCG `14
p s dG
.................................................................. : Ql r en o L
p qdG
.................................................................. : ojpnrdG o L
.......................................................................... : o penCG
22
q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
:s dG Gngn
r pe o n
r
r SG
r p pdG nIQn n p dG
o o cr nCG `15
...................................................................................
:pJBG p hn r nG pa n o o cr nCG m oSr nCG ps Sp pa
s s dG
o
q ndoCG `16
..................................................................
..................................................................
pjn Gn pdG o Vr hn
..................................................................
..................................................................
p q nsdG onSp
..................................................................
..................................................................
jn n u dG o Vr hn
n pKGn Mr GnC t gn GnC

...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
?p Wp n rdG nYn
t
n rdG n pa n
n k rfG n ao p Yr nCG in N
r oCG m
s pb nGn r Yo
o o cr nCG `14
p s oG n n pJBG pnfn n dG
:p
s p dG pp n pH n n
o q cn oCG ` CG
ps p rdG s p r Tn
pk
o n p er nC G hr GnC onn rdG
s dG oen Rn
........... : o nnrdG
: on Yn Sn rne
...................
: o nbn r Yn
r en
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
: m oSr nCG sSp pa p

s p dG pnHnpc pa pn pHdG
s pnfnndpH op nSr nCG `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
23
q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
IAGdG
.ppJnfu neo hn
````q HdG
p s dGhn p penCG
p rdG
p s dG o penCG Yn r n Sr Gp `18
.pjpnrdG p L
n r Hn Qn GOn udG Qn Gn
o o cr nCG .o n sfnCGhn
n jpnrdG n L
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.ppdGn rpe nYn k nrne oprfoCGhn JBG p nrnpH op nSr nCG `19
p s dG Ap ncn pH o penCG
p Yr oCG
o r en p L
n
n nb rnCG n r Hn ppYn p
n H
n n nK o nd n L
n Qr nCGhn o n Wp N
n
n s nWhn o en n cr nCan ,mQ
z..!p Ss dG
n r Hn o nfenCG
n nJ
r ndhn ..
o r dG
u
n o jn
r nd { :o nd
.op ru dG/oqn oG
p Yr oCG
..............rnCG n r Hn ...........h...........
h...........```
`n a...................
n
n
n
...................................................................................
.n nrHGm /toCG
p Yr oCG
.............rnCG n r Hn .............h.............
h...........````n
a...............
n
n
r n
...................................................................................
24
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
6
:
s q dG
o p n cr GnC
p o
p nj s pe Qo nN
r CGhn
u spd n nM
n G In Qn dG
t osenCnJnCG `1
p n n rdG
:
n rn fnCG n s V
.k nr nK
o L
n u dG On nU
r Gm `
.pnjr n dG npfGQn nCG onr sdG nnLgn `
.onr sdG n nsSn mnp r o pd xnM rYn onLu dG onrnj `
p n an o jpRnCG `2
.n ncr nCG hr nCG in N
r oCG k sV
............................................................................................-
(1) n
l nr K nfQp GOn pa
.n o r Yn pp Hn n r nZ
o n rnf
n n rWnCG
o
r nf s co hn pn p rdG pjp
n Yn
n
r nJ Am n en
s co pJs L
n hn u L
n nnc
p V
n gr hn pJs nL rndnb .pQGs dG nMnH pa l
n U
n hn l
n nYn hn ,onr pdnCG n cn ronj rnd ,lAn ne nAnLhn
z!rn nN
n nYn n s cn on
n J
r Gm o sjp per p dG o nLnLs dG { :gn u N
p J n gr hn ueoCG rn
z!ond n nKnCG n
o nrHnCG o p dG
n onfQr nCG ..onfQr nCGhn { : on
n cQn
,p r n r n dG n n peGOn
r nfnc ,pn s dG Qo nKBG n p L
r hn nYn
r n Hn ,Om o
r en u oCG S
o rCGQn n n nX ,pQdG
t Ap GQn hn
r peh
:
r ndb ..ln L
r Qn n pJr U
n pahn
!!nn p dG
o r n an r n nd ?
k jr nCG
o nfQr nCG ...ojs p per p dG o L
n L
n s dG `
s n js Op en s dG n sn dG p r en r jn o r eo
:pHnCG
n nb
?o n Sr nCG GnPen .!
l or en `
p HnCG
:pHn Gr
s dG
n pe n gr hn ,nGn r M
n U
n
p
p
p
p
Hq Qo ,pQr jn
r en Gk nZhn ...
l nfQr nCG ...s oK ,lL
n L
n On ...Qo hr On AL
n r bn gn hn .o
o r nJ Y onr G `
p nj
!pQndG
u ndEGp o
.(29`25U ,1997 ,dG dG OG GQe e ,K fQGO ,Q QGf)
25
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
6
:
s n dG
o pdYn GoC
p
.o Qo n N
r nCG Qm n r pe
n ar hn n n pn
r J
o phM
n oCGhn
u s dG pq
r Tn
o p
r n SCr G ` nCG `1
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
?pq
r dG
s onrZnCG op nnr J npa `
...................................................................................
.oGn M
r nCG n pa
r n L
n dG n n p er CG Oo u M
n oCG ` CG ` 2
...................................................................................
.pGrMnCG nneRn ouYn oCG `
:
u pd n sFdG nIn rp dG Oo u nMoCG `3
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p dG
.n
n
s pIOn naEp G p jn s pe Qo N
r nCG `4
p
.Op r dG
o s Fq dG oIn rp rdG
s p nN
r pe d
q
r Rn n Hn `
p p nN
p
.pQGn G
r p dG
r Rn n Hn `
r pe
q pd o s Fq dG oIn
?o bs n n nJ GnPen ?u
n rdG Gngn n r Yp n n rfG
s q dG n nJ
r gn `5
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
(2) lnnr K fpQGOn pa
p Z oSn rCan pHnCG nn nM
HnCGhn ,pJn N
r EGp hn ueoCG onAGQn hn rn
n cQn hn ,pjpn rdG p rZs dG pnuJH n
n cQn hn kVn
p ndhn ..mpdN
r n
n Ho nCGhn n L
o hr Rn hn Om o
r en t oCG s oK ,o o L
n hr Rn s oK ,nGr M
r nU
n hn ...pJs L
n r p pH
p V
p n ocn hn r o oJGn U
l
n An n
n rdG nCen ,r o M
o n U
r nCG
r n n nJQr Gm ..GhQo h
n nn J ,
n n go Gobn hn ..on rnJ n gr hn
p Ho nCG
:nGn r M
n nb ..
n n go
r pehn ..n go
r pe ..m ren o r nZ l pcn l ncn hn
!pnn rdG Gngn
r pe t o jn
o nr sdG `
:pHnCG Os Qn
..t o jn n go
r pe ,l p
r eo
n rfnCG `
p Ho nCG
:nGr M
n L
n nCG
..ppeGn br nCG Qo nKBG pp gn .. r orfoCG `
26
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
:Am ho o pH u nL nnb ,pn n

r p rdG n rYp hn
p nM k rTn Gon r nJ rnd ,nho nLn nnJ rorfnCGh ,l pcne onr sdG ,nn ar nCG p roJ p Grn bnCG oIn rcn `
..!k S
..
v a pHnCG
r n jn
n r Hn u L
n n V
n hn ,p p nG n en nCGhn
:m r
n pH n n r nJhn ,kIn T
n n eo pr n r Yn ndEGp n nnf
p fGm `
o p r jn ,w pcPn
o r sdna ,nnrp dG
u
n r nJ nhn ,p L
n s dG u N
o
r pe k jpbn ,pQdG
t
n pfL
n o r r
n jp qdG
!Gk u L
n n r ndEGp
(31`29U ,1997 ,dG dG OG GQe e ,K fQGO ,Q QGf)
?Gon r nj rnCG pdgn nCG Qn s bn GnPne `6
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?GnPn pd ?r o r Yn
n s
n nJ
r en `7
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?gn nCG ppH n nb en o
n pnf n pg en ` CG `8
...................................................................................
?n
n ps dG pp gn t nG n n
s a n pH `
...................................................................................
?ppbr n rdG Gngn pa nojrCGQn ne `
...................................................................................
?pnr spd n o bs n nnJ udG o njn udG pg ne ` 9
...................................................................................
27
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
(3) n
l r nK nfQp GOn pa
l N
n r U
n
n r dG
s
n s en ,mQ nprfG p r nZ nYn hn .pnr sdG p Yn sEG n nd njpM
n nhn ,onsdG
n rpJ
r s en
,pndG
s ps p pH
o n rnj q nL nrjnCGn an .tdG pIn nTn prnJ rpe rn n nrfGm ,mrcn nnof opor J ,lIOq M
.onAGQn hn nn
r ne ndEG opan rnjhn
r cn an ,ppnj pa o np ndG o
n Yn hn ,Ap Gn o dG Qn
S
n nq oe Gn nH .pp pFGnn b in rMEGp nYn tn dG nn nrfG pbn hn pJnnM pa onrpe Qn nCG rnd l pc lnr nK nngo nnc
.pn p sdG p Gn
r pSp
r H pIn qn o rdG p rLu dG p jprnJ ophnojhn n NBG ndEG pfnL rpe moopH o p r nj p r ndG
p hn ,Om o
p Ho nCG An L
n oGn G
r en t oCGhn mpdN
n Ho nCGhn nGn r M
n
n nr sdG nhr n jn r go hn An Gn n So Gofnc .k p L
r n n n rdG r nbhn u
n pH G oWM
n nCG .ek ho r en Fk Op gn n Sp nCG
u oGhn pIOs n n rdG
o Gn nfn r ppfo Yo pa
.pnar p dGhn
:o p n r jn hn ,n n r Hn o Qn nrfnCG
n
n nb
o u n jo n go hn u L
p nndpH n ,n pn p Yn hn n pFho o pH o jpof en
o rp nf
o
r nf ,o qnn jn n
o n r jn qdG ,Op nhr nCG jn ,o jr CGQn CnG `
..pIn nKr sdGhn Qp
n dG
u hn
(36`31 U 1997 ,dG dG OG GQe e ,K fQGO ,Q QGf)
p
.
u q dG p penc
r pe
n nd
r n Hn n cn u nG pnU
o p
r n Sr nCG `10
...................................................................................
p pFQn k s
p
?ks
r Tn t
n rdG nojn rnCG
o p r jo
r gn `
...................................................................................
p rdG Qo o To n go en `11
?u
n rdG n
r nf pGn
...................................................................................
.n Yp obho p en Rn n M
n k sJn eo
u s dG pGn M
r nCG s gn nCG
o p
r n Sr nCG `12
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.n o L
r n
r n SG
r u dG pGn M
r nCpH k p n r eo
u s dG
n penc
o
u ndoCG `13
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
28
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
p GOn n ppJr n pH
.o nN
u s dG pGn M
r nCG u gn nCG
r Yn n pr s dG o Yp oCG `14
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.m n L
o pnnK pa pJBG
n pcr s dG
o p r n Sr nCG `15
.zpnr sdG
r Yn s EGp n nd njpM
n n{
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................-
29
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
6
:
s q dG
o p n cr GnC
p
p jn s pe Qo n N
r nCGhn
u s pd n n M
n o rdG nIQn dG
t
o eq CJCG
p nr dG
:
n rn fnCG ps V
p Fu dG
p ar N
.n
n ek
n l pn
r eo
o L
o s dG `
.
s n n jn
o L
o dG
s `
n nFu dG o U
p r jn `
.pnFu pd
v an
o L
o s dG
o
p nn a jp
.nn cr nCG hr nCG in N
r oCG k s V
o RnCG `2
...........................................
...........................................
m r bn o n r en
:knpFnb
r nn nr Zhn gn pnbr en pa o L
n hr dG
q n
r rn nn J
?
n r Yo GnPpn H `
:n oLhr Rn nnb
.p r n rdG
o r Yo ...mr U
n p rn KnCpH `
n nb pp rpe nYn pr n r Yn nr nJ nr d m Gnn pH
:oL
n hr s dG pndnb
.o nJr nUG
r
n r cn
r bo ?vM
n `
p ppL
p nCG ppn pnZ n jn nM
:
n hr n pd phr jn nCGn Hn hn ,p pbs dG p pc ndEGp o n r nX n Sr nCG
n nb .pIn N
p hn nfnCG `
m penc m r jn p r Sn n r Hn n rnHn .mnKnnK m js nCG o reo pInn qdG pa ,
n p nr nJ n cn pHr BG oGn r M
p hn o
Qo nKBG ppJQn
n
n n go hn .kIn Hr Qn
n M
n M
n
n r Hn ho r nJ
r nfnc x r n pfL
n nYn p jr nCn
r en nfr n M
30
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
pp n
r en pa s pe o
t c
n nn c .pr dG
n Ap rn dG Op Qp r en ndEGp on jp nW n go t n rn dG
n pdPn nnc .mnr Zp
n sdG On Sn hn
o dG
s
r Hn nZ s ndhn ...pr s dG ndEGp ppFGn sdG n ho bo k bu n n eo
o n dG
u
r n N
n nCG o
o n M
n r Hn
o sn n nJ
u n on G n
o fGn n r
n dG n
r fnc .n
o Fu dG n
r rn bnCG os K ,Ap nG Op Qp r en ndEGp p r nJn r oG
p r eo ,k
.mQn M
n pa k un nn eo ,V
n Qr nCG o s n nn J ,n Sh
n Dho Qo k n N
n p nH An GOn r Sn kn co iOn Gn ao o s n n nJ
p
s oK o n n rdG nn Hn ...Hk nFPp On n
r n pd nhn Yk n V
n pn r n pd
r onf r nd pIn Yr rn dG pa n go n s np dhn
p G pap Sn t pd
Qp Or nCG r ndhn .p r sdG p NB
o n n
r Sn
r a ,kIn rp eo
r s nX
n jp sdG
s np dhn nn Yr BGh n n U
n
p
n
n u M
n oCG rnCG nhOo s n r Yn
o
r nn ahn r
o n n Sn
r a ,pn ns f v M
s np dhn
o nr nZ nr c
n an ,Sp rCGQn
p hn mnr nW n r nZ oIn jp sdG r
...mIn MG
n pJ
r s
n nn J nr dhn ...pIjp
n sdG o r nX
(1956 ,4 OdG ,IhdG ,dG dG Y)
:dG
q dYCG
.
u dG
n
r On Qn hn nn c pn pJBG nGn M
r nCG u
o JQn oCG `1
pr dG
................................. `1
s
n EGp p ho oG `
................................. `2
p jr nCn r n n M
n `
................................. `3
p n dG
u hn pnFu dG Qo ho eo `
................................. `4
p n oG Ao n pN
r G `
p Gn ndG Qo o oX `
................................. `5
p pr G EGp IOn r n pd `
................................. `6
p Gnn dG U
................................. `7
o n pbr G `
31
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
.p pbGdG
n
r n L
n n cn pn pHdG
s pGn M
r nCG
n pJr nJ o Yp oCG `2
............................... `5 .................................... `1
............................... `6 .................................... `2
............................... `7 .................................... `3
.................................... `4
q dG
edG
GMCG
................. .................. .................. ............................

................. .................. .................. ............................
................. .................. .................. ............................
................. .................. .................. ............................
................. .................. .................. ............................
................. .................. .................. ............................
................. .................. .................. ............................
.nHo
n rnG pnfn dG
n pJnBG p hn nr G
o ro cnCG `3
p n ne n pg ne `4
?pGn ndG p UnprbG oorHGh phGs dG gn n n nYr G pdG p soG oMG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p p Wp r en
?pnr dG
n EGp phGq dG in n gr G
n r cn `5
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
32
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
````q HdG
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
p H phGn dG o q j `6
.n p L
r nCG
r pe
n n N
n u dG ps p oG pa
o
n r jn o r nn L
n mnp
pS
p on G pnnG pa n o ro cnCG
x co nYn
t pn Sr nCGhn pndG
u pp gn Oo u Yn oCG
u dG
s
n pe mjpn n Hp n r pe
.pJBG p hn nr G
n pe
u s dG n r nYn o qdGs dG o n jpn dG
o n dG
u
......................................................... ..........................
......................................................... ..........................
......................................................... ..........................
......................................................... ..........................
.Gk Yr hn pr dG
s onen nnc `7
p
.pnnG pIQn Yo ho nYn n sdGs dG pGQn n dG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG ` CG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
?pGnn dG p Un pbr G p
r n Y
n Sn
r gn `
n hGdG
s pnnG
o pF
n N
n
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.p r n pFndpH oq K p r n nWo
n pH phGdG
s V
o u Yn oCG `8
p
.zp n q nf v M
s np dhn
o nr nZ r cn Qp Or CnG r nd{ phGs dG
n nb
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
33
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
````q HdG
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p oCGhn Qn s o
.pGDn dG
t
r Yn
o L
n G n n nr G
o eq nCnJnCG `3
p njo GnPn pd{
?nIQn s dG
s
o r udG
o M
..............................................
..............................................
p
.pHn L
n EGp p
s U
r pe o cs nCnJnCGhn pJBG
oIQn jn u dG
njp dG podG
t n renCG pnhGn n nnj p rsdG npe mIn N
u nCnoe mYn Sn snM mTp Qn toCGhn mTp Qn oHnCG n p nH
p n n oG pr n dG ppJr n pd mTp Qn t oCG
Op Gn Yr EGp hn p VG
r an n r
n fBG p pcn rdG p n dG
s pahn .Gk nZ o nfhQo ho n Sn
.n pao
o pd Ap Gn nrdG
.p r n qdG
n pe sn nJ en
o pHr njo hn o o o rjn Qp n r n dG ndEGp mTp Qn Ho nCG
n n r
n fGhn
p ne rpe p nor nj m Tp Qn toCGhn mTp Qn oHnCG On nan n npfqdG o Yn dG
p jpn pH GnPEGp hn .n p paoV
o Ap
s rnHQn nb
.lIn p U
s
r n bn hn .mp Hn
r pe pJrCjn mIQn s Sn
n l nr Wp hn lInCGn er Ghn
l L
o Qn :
o o dG
t n r pe
n n n an oIQn s dG
p jk n go npchn r p pFnpd mTp Qn t oCGhn mTp Qn Ho nCG
r Hn rCjn r ndhn .zkr Sn hn kgr nCG{ : mp Hn
r pe
o
n n Sr nCan
.n N
r oCG kIQn nJ z nrS{
o o njOp hn kIQn nJ z
r jpr Yp { o jn r L
n
o Yp Gn jo nnc r n an ,
n peOp npd l Tp Qn
pahn .p jOp hn ppjr L
n hn mTp Qn n en
o n rnJ oIn p dG
s
o r prdG
r Yn n Sr nCGhn pr n dG n
r nf
o o dG
t s n nJ
p fpH gn o pdGhn sgn nM
p Ap nn G p N
p BG
:rndnbhn n ueoCG ndEGp rnn nrdG pGn r
.kjOp hn jk r L
n o jpQoCG en en `
r Qn n gn p pr s dGhn p ndG
s n r Hn hn ,
n r nGhn
n ju dG
o p
r jn n gr hn
n o dG
t mTp Qn Ho nCG n q n nJ
p rKEGp pa ho r jn
o n r nJ
r n n nrfGhn IQn s dG
s
n p nna ,in L
n en l Tp Qn
n Qn Or nCG
n GnP Pr EG ,k r nf V
n Qr nCG
p nj n go hn mYn r So rpe prbn Sn pa ne uopH pIQn sdG
:o
s
.r nrSo jn r nrSo ,
r jpr Yp jn
r jpr Yp `
(H 16`5 U ,15 ,1997 ,hH ,af SDe ,HcCG ,f Fe)
34
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
:
u s dG oGn M
r CG ppa
r n L
n p dG nnnG p jn s o uSn oCG `1
.jG ,jdG
.n o o cr nCGhn oGn M
r nCG ppa
r Qn GOn udG nnn rdG Oo u
n oJ q dG
n n
o rdG hr nCG n n
o rdG oCGn br CG `2
...............................................................................
?
u q dG Gngn oGn M
r nCG
r Qn GOn m n
r a
u nCG pa `3
...............................................................................
.n oocr nCGhn pnHnLEGp oYn r nJ udG nn ordG hr nCG n nr ordG oCGn br nCG `4
...............................................................................
p
:
u q dG ps
r Tn Oo u M
n oCG `5
...............................................................................
p
:onr dG Gngn n rYn Qn n U
n qdG n s
r dG
s m nr b uco nnenCG oocr nCG `6
zkr Sn hn kgr nCG{ :..........................zkjOp hn jk r L
n o jpQoCG en en { :..........................zr nrSo nj r nrSo ,rjpr Yp nj rjpr Yp { :...........................?ppat n
n J pa
n jo rCGQn en :
n ju dBGhn
n r
n rdG
n o dG
t mTp Qn Ho nCG in gr nCG `7
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.n o o cr nCGhn pjrCGQn o Yn r nJ q dG n n jpn dG oCGn br nCG .pt
n s dG Gngn nYn kpaGn eo l Tp Qn nc
r gn `8
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
35
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
p ho bo ,
n o dG
t pnpFn dG Qo nprfG ,po dG
t oIQn On neo :pnKnsdG
u s dG p r
n bnCG nYn p jn en
o Ru hn oCG `9
.pGn M
o o cr nCG s oK .po dG
t
r nCG t gn nCG p r pb
u co n en nCG
p pFs dG o oJn rpa
o s
ppH pIOn Qp GdG

n pGn Mr nC G t gn GnC
.....................................
..........................
.....................................
pjn Gn pdG o V
r hn
.....................................
.....................................
..........................
.....................................
.....................................
p t
n s dG
o n Sp
.....................................
..........................
.....................................
pnjn udG oV
r hn
p pHdG
s p hn r nG pa n o r n cn u dG pnfn n dpH Gk Tp r r eo
s s dG
o
u ndCG `10
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
36
q q dG Iqce
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p o
.o nd n n M
n G nIQn dG
t
o es nCnJnCGhn
u s dG nGn r Yo oCGn br nCG `1
p nne pnn dG
.
u dG
s nIn nenoe Qo s n
n JnCG `2
p hn o nn dG
t dG
s
gn ``````n nJ pr
n rdG ndEGp ms Sn
s Qo
p
p d
``gn nSn hn U
k r M
u n
r n n Sn
GQk ho oZ o ````r tdG gn n nSr CnG n
n jr hn
`````gn gn n an ,
r ``s n n an
r ``` nWn n an ,
````gn GnDhQo pa pfneCnG pn```n
n cn
gn n M
r n n M
r na
n pa kr gn hn kjr hn
```````kH nnr oe vp Tn ```Yk s nd nn

o ``````````r n n n rdGhn
r n nKCrn Sn
r a n bn GQn
`````Hk n p rfG gn jn n M
n
r s M
n nCGhn
```````gk
n uJG Qp r nJ r nan p N
r rn dG n pdDr eo
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o o r nJ
ins n nJ m `````n N
n hn m r U
n pa n r an
p rdG ap o Fp dG
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n p n
s
n n Sr nCG
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r n
n an
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r nJ kIs oM
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iOn n nJ Ap nbQr s dG p
s tdG p
r
n n Sn
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n r M
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``n rnn U
n Grn U
n nAGn V
r nCG pnJr nJ
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(jq N e)
37
q q dG Iqce
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IAGdG
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q q N Z hCG q q N a
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:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
p
:
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r Tn
o p
r n Sr nCG ` CG `1
...................................................................................
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p n eo k n U
p ms
p
.
r nCG `
u s dG pGn M
r nCG n en
o S
n n n nJ n ncr nCG hr nCG n nd k n S
r Tn
u opd Qo n N
dG
q
qdG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
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.
u sdG pa rnAnL n cn n npJBG nGn rMnCG ouJQn oCG `2
p n
.
u dG
r nf
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s `
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s dG
s `
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...................................................................................
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38
q q dG Iqce
fdG IMdG
IAGdG
OdG j Uf CGbCG
q q N Z hCG q q N a
````q HdG
p rdG pn Hr nCG
.pnKnsdG
u n dG p r
n bnCG nYn pIn n
n Ru hn oC m r pn H oHo Qr nCG ` CG ` 4
p SOp dG
pjn Gn prdG o V
n pe
s pr n rdG ndEGp p hs nCG pr n rdG
r hn
p pHdG
p o nsdG onSp
v ornrdG
n n Yn Op
pjn n u dG o V
n rdG pr n rdG ndEGp p pesdG pr n rdG
n pe
r hn
p n jo n pH n n pJBG n nr
:p r Sn nr b
n s pe
o S
o rdG
o p cr oCG `
n r Hn An L
(q qN Z/q qN)................................
u sdG pa pGn rMnCG Oo r Sn nAnL
.Ap nG pa
o n nr J n gr hn pnn dp
s H
o sn n jn w p U
r hn l nren
u s dG pa `5
.n nrnG Gngn oCGn br nCG ` CG
.
x p rnf n
x f pa o n Hn n pc o Yp oCG `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
. 4h 3h 2 pnrHnCG nInAGn pb o Yp oCG ` CG `6
.......................................
.n pa n np r n r o rdG pHr s dG pGhn On nCG
o p
r n Sr nCG `
p n jo n pH n n pJBG n nr
:p r Sn nr b
n r Hn On Qn hn s pe
o S
o rdG
o p cr oCG `
pGhn On nCG pp gn rOn nanCG
(pGn rMnCG nD oWnnJ ` oGn rMnCG ndnnJ k Yn r S).............................
o
39
q SSCG IqcG
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
6
:
s sdG op ncr GnC
p n an
u gn nCG
r Yn ms V
o o cr nCGhn nGn r o rdGhn nIQn dG
t es nCnJnCG `1
?
t s dG n n s
n n jn rnCG
o p r jo u dG Qp nar nCG
................................................
................................................
................................................
p o pn N
o V
r n n ar BG en n
s U
r nCGhn n pJBG
u L
n
u L
n nnc .pJn pcGnP pa
r n p Hn o nd kIs Yp ek So Qo
r p ndhn pn pHdG
s nhOo nfnCGhn
n S
o jo Ho u L
n
n en
p Tn o p n r jn ,p r n nr n rdG j
n js p eo r bo k s T
n n Yn ,pen nrdG
n Qp na ,pn r sdG Qn obhn ,
n pfn sdG pn n Yn nYn n cn
p f k n p nf n jpnJr jn hn ,psr dG
k n
r a kGhn r Sp hn ,p Vn n rdG n n Un
n pdPn pa
o odrCn rdG S
o n udG n go hn ,Vn
ppen n pHr BGhn pp rodhn ppT
E G n n r eo
n n n pH p
n Yr
o
n Yr nCG
o r co hn pjn r n rdG pa p o dG
t p nr o pd pen s dG
en ps pfn n rdG pIQn r o dG
n pe o nd nnc u L
n snCG ppdGhn pfn n N
r nCG pr n n L
r hn pa p r
o rdG pho o rdpHhn ,pIrn
o rdG
GnPEGp ,mpd nW
n pp r nX nYn kIs en
o p
r jn o nn L
n
r Yn k L
n M
n
o p r jo n p rs dG
n p Yn hn ,M
k Qn n nM
p.pJRn r nM pa rnfnc
(U ,10 ,2003 ,af SDe ,S ,f Fe)
:
v s dG
o pdYn GoC
p
:
u s dG pa pIOn Qp Grn dG ps
r dG
s
o p
r n Sr nCG `1
...................................................................................
p r n r jn `2
n sdGs dG n n jpn rdG
u s dG
n pe oCGn br nCG .l p U
n n go hn n an n Yn n cn pu L
n
r Yn pJnjn cr Pp
n r Hn phGs dG o L
.n o o cr nCGhn p L
n r pSr Ep G nYn
...................................................................................
p r n r jn `3
o o cr nCGhn n sdGs dG n n jpn rdG

u s dG
n pe oCGn br nCG :o nd
r n p M
o n cn pu L
n
r Yn ppJjn n cr Pp
n r Hn phGs dG o L
...................................................................................
p
.npfGG
n pp gn Oo u nMoCG .pu nL ps
r Tn rpe mn p n
r oe npfGn nL phGs dG nU
n hn `4
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
40
q SSCG IqcG
````q HdG
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
p Rn n Hr nCG
.JBG p
s on pH k p n r eo u nG p Sn pd pnU
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG- 5
u nG p Sn pd
kGhn r Sp
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
Ao Gn r M
n
pq p r G
p u nG pnU
p JBG p snG
o Ru hn oCG- 6
. ..................
p rnnrG
o nendG
o n r sdG
tdG
u
..................
..................
..................
..................
psp ooG u nG pnU

p
u sdG npe op
r nSr nCG- 7
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
41
q SSCG IqcG
````q HdG
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
p JBG p hn r nG
.pJs L
n pnU
o o cr nCG -CG 8
p
pJs L
n pnU
n bo nN
r nCG
n S
o n pd
p
n o r L
p nCG Gk n
p b n
p pHdG
s p hn r nG n oJOr s nM dG pU
n hr nCpH Gk Tp r r oe pJs nL ppa oU
v f oocr nCG- 9
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
42
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p r ndGDn dG
t p Yn n Hn L
n Ep G
o phM
n oCGhn nIQn dG
t es nC nJnCG
:p r n pJBG
p
?onsdG os
r dG
s oonJ rne `
..........................................
?ion J jn pInn dG
n t Sp en `1
..........................................
p
.pHn L
n EGp p
s U
r pe so cnCnJnCGhn
u dG
s
n penc oCGrn bnCG `2
p Un
l O
p U
,irn pn H o ns n jn nhn nr r
o dG p
o r jn nhn ,nnd nprdG
o p jo n ,p nnrdG
n np b
l O
n nnc
.ppnfhDo en hn ppJn or c ppfL
r oCG no d n
n bnCGhn ppJGnn Hn no d Yn r n pd Q
l o r en s
l an Go n rn cna
n ndGE p k jps r Tn kIn L
pnp rn eo mInn Hn Ap Gn Tp pa n
o Zr jn so fEGp n
n bhn jp
l nZ
l L
o Qn s
n n rdG An L
n ,m n U
n Gn
n Phn
p Qn on bnN
Oo
l p L
n on rTn hn jp
l nZ n o nn d :pndG
u
n jn rnCG kbOp U
n s
o n rdG n en nCan .ls V
r nCGhn
gn On odr en n n
n J rnCG pTn hn nYn
r nfnchn .p pnrdG p pFGs dG ndEGp ppJGn n Hn
n r
n anCG znIQn ho r nrdG{
n pg nIQn ho r nrdG snCpH
o jpnrdG n n n br BpG p r n pf
n rdG
n pe m np nZ m rn bnCGhn Ox Qn hn m N
r nCG n r Hn hn .pfsdG
n hn .
n n sdG n an r n pd ppr L
n
r pe
n n rdG
n n N
r nCGhn n r Yn o
n r jn pqdG oIn n n rdG
n nCr jn rnCG o nd n nN
n r Yp mnen pa
n L
n nCan .pIn n n rdG pa o jn rCGQn kbOp U
n
o ro nJ n sn fnCG nnr d lIRn n r eo lIn n Hn n sfEGp :
.zpr
n rdG
p U
.
r n p Hn rnCG nnan
l Op U
n
n r jn nr dhn .pn M
n n r Yp oIn n rdG
. 90`88 U ,15 ,1997 ,af SDe ,HcCG ,f Fe)
43
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
p
.
u s dG pa nIOn Qp GdG
n ps
r dG
s
o p
r n Sr nCG `1
...........................................................................
p
p r nCG k Sr EGp zOp U{
?GnPn pd ?ps
r dG
s pp n pd k n U
n o n r nJ
r gn `2
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p U
.mhn r L
n pa p sn rdG
n U
n hr nCGhn mO
n
n U
n hr nCG p
o
r n Sr nCG `3
mO
p U
p sn rdG
o U
n hr CnG
n
o U
n hr CnG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
p hn pInn rn dG
.Am r L
o o
u c pnU
n pe n an U
o r rn dG AGn n L
r nCG
u dG
s pe p
o
r n Sr nCG `4
oIQn hr ndG
.....................
.....................
..................... Ao Gn L
r nCG
.....................
.....................
.....................
o ndG
u
p o jpRnCG `5
n pfGn
n rdG pp gn n pH
o V
u hn oCG in N
r oCG mnU
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
44
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
?mOp U
n pt n
n J pa
n jo rCGQn en `6
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
?GnPn pd ?mOp U
n
r pe ppn
n Z pa
n sn rdG
o paGon J
r gn `7
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p Gpn H jn pr dG
n pe mM
s Gngn o nu aoCGhn .pp Yp na nYn n ns nJ ppH kro ek
u dG
s
n pe p
o
r n Sr nCG `8
:pn pddG
s pGQ
n n pNG
r
p rdG snC `
l an p r en ppH
o ro rn dGhn l an U
o r en lIn np f
n Yn
.n
n udG
n t
n n pd `
.p sn rdG pt n
n J Rp Gn Hr EGp pa ppJnrdG prn Zn pd `
q dG S
Ya Y q G H G
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
p Ghn
p oCG kfGn n M
p nCG Gk n
p b n
.l M
l r Yn ppH
r p nd o t M
n ppa
o U
v f
o o cr nCG `9
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
45
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p noj n pH n nr ordG op cr oCGh nIQn dG

:p nj s pe oS
t osenCnJnCG ` CG
................................ pGn pan o rdG
n L
s n nJ
rn sn nJ n nHn n rdG snC `
.k r en pt n s dG pa pn nZr jn n o sfnC `
pHn n n rdG u L
p rdG snC `
n nYn GQk Op nb r o jn r nd n
n
.pHn L
n EGp
o
u U
n oCGhn
u s dG
n penc oCGn br nCG `
l s p n L
n l nMp
r Q
p oCG orco hn mnpjnnoe Am Gn rLnCG pa npH rn nehn ,kn p n
n nnN
r G
t M
r oe kAnrMnCG o nHn n rdG npH rn nnb
p jn n pa Ap n M
n pdr nM
r pe Ap n Tr nCG pGn p VG
r
r pehn r p pJncn M
n hn p Ss dG pGn U
r nCG
r pe s ndEGp
o
r nCG
p nf pHn n n rdG p r Sn pa
p oCG
o en en nCG S
n s dG o an r jn n go hn p pFdG
s p
n r nd pahn n r
n pdPn
t M
o r co n cn
.p jp sdG p Yn ond Gr snnnj rnCG rp rndEGp oo rnjhn
pdr M
n
r pe
o Gn U
r nCGhn
o ncn
n rdG
r nfnchn kp nW
k r Sn t
n rdG nnchn kpfnCG kTp Qn t nG nnc
oIn jpTn
r
n n U
r nCG rnCG
o jp sdG rn rnJ r nd s oK .ktfnCnJhn kar nX n pa
r p ndhn mr Yo hn mIs Tp
r pe o
r nJ n
op n
r nJ Ap n udGhn p n rWnCG oGn U
r nCG rn N
n nCGhn ondG
u npdr nM rpe n ocn hn onMt dG s nTBr an p dG
u
l np nK
o pFGhn Qn u
n rdG pa
r n n n rfGhn .p rs dG pnHn Yn p pFSn hn p s o dG
n pe p L
n u dG pGn U
r nCpH
m pFdG
s
o r U
n n o nJQr Ghn .Qo s dG n p na
o n r nJ
r n N
n nCG r bn hn p tdGhn p
n n rdG
o pFGhn Qn n r pe Ro n r nJ
.oo jp rnJhn oo jp nf n ocn hn ns
n JGhn
r n en hn v p n reo
o pFdG
s s
n n nJhn o cn n nG
r nCGn gn hn nt G nU
n hn
r n sn JBGhn
o jp sdG
r
n n
n rfG s oK
mIQn M
o ojn n
n pdPn
r p ndhn k n p paQ
o r
n rdG
n pa
o
r nf GnPGE p hn p p n rdG
n GnP o Hn n n rdG
o p n r nJ n njr Qn sGE n
p Qr nCG pa rn ocn hn oAGn n rdG n pa no nK r bn mFn Op gn mn uV
.Gk r bn npH o p r nJ o nHn n rdna .o jOp N
n nCG n V
n
p U
n s p ndhn o r Hn
n r n rdG n or nf r nd{ :pd
o ojn pM
n GnPGE p hn pHn n n rdG
n pe
o p r nfhn kInC
r an
o pFdG
s
o p jn s oK
p r nJ rnCG o Hn n n rdG o p n nr J n or M
.zp n
n rdG pa pp
r s dG
n pe s Ho nhn n
n ndEGp n r n n rfBG
. 16`15 U fJ ,dGh Yd QG QGO ,jOCG 2002, ,M W
46
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
.o n
o rdG ppbo nW pa o ornJ v M
n
t o jn phGs dG
.pHn n n rdG nYn o n nM
r Qp pr jo phGs dG
.pcn n
n rdG nIn pcn p dG
u nIn jpTn kIQn M
n o nrjn phGs dG
.pnM
r u dG p penc
r Yn k es Yn kIn rpa o u n jo phGs dG
````q HdG
:
q s dG
o pdYn GoC
p noJ udG pIn rp dpH mIn r an sco ooHQr nCG `1
:n oS
ndhoCG oIn r n rdG
o n pfsdG oIn r n rdG
o npdsdG oIn r n rdG
o n pHGs dG oIn r n rdG
pS
p no rdG p sHn o rdG pa x nenn rdG oSo Qr nCG `2
pGn M
r nCG pa mQp n eo o r nZ phGs dG `
p hn phGs dG `
.n pgn n pd
l UG
p
.ps
r dG
s p nnpd
l pbnf phGs dG `
?p jp sdG p pr nJ pa phGs dG n nn r n SG
r u dG SG
t n
n rdG n pg en `3
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
?n pH s ne udG p pcnenCG p pr nJ pa phGs dG n pH nn nSG
r udG onenn rdG n pg ne `4
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p n jo n en
:
s s dG
o S
o oTr nCG `5
.p pFGhn s dG oIn rcn ` pGn U
r nCG oIn rcn ` pGrn dnCG oIn rcn :
u s dG nYn
n nnZ
p so rdG pn p nrdG
npe n pfnne pa n o uU
n oCGhn pIQn ocr n rdG SG
u n nrdpH n n
u sdG npe op
r nSr nCG `6
p hn r
n rdG
p s jn en
u dp
s H
o
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
p s jn en
p
n n rdpH
o
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
47
p s jn en
p r dp
s H
o
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
?phGs dG o nM
r Qp
r n n rfG
r gn `7
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
.pHn L
n EGn n pH o Yn Or nCG u dG nIQn n n rdG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG `8
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
.n pH s en u dG Ap n M
r nCG pnpN
r G
n n M
n pHn n n rdG p pFSn p r pa Os Qn o s n nJnCG `9
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
p BG snM ndhoCG pIn r n rdG npe gn Qn s U
.
u sdG p N
n n cn phGs dG n nnSn udG njp sdG nSo Qr nCG rnCG ophnMoCG `10
48
q dG Iqce
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p Yn n Hn L
n Ep G
o phnMoCG s oK ,
u s dG n Gn r Yp CoGn br nCGhn nIQn dG
t
o eq nCnJnCG
:p rnpJBG p rndGnDdG
t
?oGn M
r nCG ppa
r Qn GOn p qdG
o n
r rdG n go en `1
......................................................
?in oJ nj p nMt dG onSn ne `2
......................................................
MR
p Ss dG nYn o p n r j
o sdG
s gn Dho r V
n l bn p r eo
l r Tn :w p pHQ r
n sdG
s p nd ,k pHQn
n r nd
o n
r rdG
p oe ooLo rdGhn ,ksjp nnM t nr nJ So
,lIOn sbhn ooo rdGhn ,ln
o tdG .n
n sdG on rnj gn oD raOp hn Ap nTr nCGhn
.Ap n dG
r nd p n
r sdG pp gn pa
u bn nCG nYn S
n s dG o o rnJ o M
n r n rdGhn
u pn rYo pn S
n n o pH pSn Qn r n rdG p GOn hn n n
p s dG
ppH
n nr a
n p p n
r eo o pens dG nnc
n nW r bn Gngn :p rs dG pFp Sn hn Op n p UG
r Qp nprfG pa pU
,pu To oCG nYn p jp vdG pa onMt dG .mnoe n rnZ n
n BGhn ,Qo nprfG
n nLh Gk nr pb T
n n n an nobro dG sne o N
o Yn r dG
n J r n nd
t
r Qn s n nJhn
o GQn s dG
s
r n nKnnJhn p rs dG
o pFSn hn
r
s Tn hn
n jpp n r oG Oo Gn Yr nCG
r n Yn n
p Gs dG o o
.o nr bn o an n gn o or jn r bn o sfnC
o L
r jn
o pcGs dG
n n U
r nCGhn
p Tn n sfEGp .n renCG op rnnr J onYr nCG rsHnCGn Tn
l nM
r a l N
n r U
n pIQs nG pnMnCG rYn rQn n U
n p nrsdG pp gn pahn
n p rfG n r Hn p jp sdG nSn hn

o sfn n nJ p r u dG
n pe kn L
n
o p
r nJ l n p Yn
o p n an ,n pJn
n Yn in M
r EGp Qp nWEGp Q
r ...in N
r oCG s oK ,in N
r oCG s oK ,p r u dG
n pe l ndHn oo nr Jhn
o Hn n n rdG
r s oVG
r hn n ncr nCan n ncr nCG o M
n t dG s n TG
Gs
o nnnj rnCG np au nCno rdG np pF
s pd opojh Qp ho o rdG n cn n nM ou n oj t Wp r dG
t nnp fhn ,pbt n sdG ndEGp
p jp sdG p Yn
n r u dG
o jpjo hn nIn Yn n n rdG u n jo r o
o r Hn
n n Sr nCGhn Qo nn rfG o pens dG n np fhn .An Gn n dG
t
...pn r n rdG pn Hn n o pH nho N
n BG nn cr Gh
(G AGf ,S Wa)
49
q dG Iqce
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
.pGn M
r nCG nnen
o u Yn oCG `1
..................................................................................
.n o o cr nCGhn
u s dG
n pe mk jnpH pr nYn
t pn Sr nCG `
..................................................................................
.pGn M
r nCG nen Rn u Yn oCG ` CG ` 2
..................................................................................
.n o o cr kCGhk
u s dG
n pe mn jpn pH pr nYn
t pn Sr nCG `
..................................................................................
p
n oJnU
p n n dG
o an U
o nr G o U
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
.x p U
r hn m nrn pH
t s dG oCGn r jn `3
.o Dho n br nCG ` CG
p hn n an U
p n n dG
.n pJnU
o nr G n U
o p
r n Sr nCG `
p nYn pIs Yp pa opHs dG snnnj `4
(...Qo o tdG ,Qo nTr nCG ,Qo gn Rr nCG ,oAn dG
s ,
o r dG)
s pn p sdG npe n U
p Ghn m
?
o r dG
s n go n r pe mM
o r o pH phGs dG nn cr G GnPn p an
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
?pn dG
s o L
r hn en ?m rnf pnSp hn p Yn p
r n rdG n s p n Yn phGs dG n s Tn n pH `5
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
50
q dG Iqce
ddG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
.q Uh We
````q HdG
.M
n t dG pIs Tp
r Yn phGs dG n pH n s Yn u dG pGQn n p dG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG `6
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
p BG pa s L
:lOp M
n
u s dG p N
n `7
?gn pp r nJ pa On GRn r nCG pen Rr nCG
u M
n pa n gn Sn
r gn ` CG
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
p
?nho V
n rdG
n s n
n J
n r cn `
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
?m jpan
n jo rCGQn en `
u co poSo pa
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
51
q SSCG IqcG
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
````q HdG
6
:
s q dG
o p n cr GnC
:Qo s n
n JnCGhn nIQn dG
t
o es nCnJnCG `1
nIQn ph
n n o rdG
n Gn rWnCG `
p rdG
.mQGn
n V
o r en `
p
o Qr s n
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s U
r pe o cs nCnJnCGhn
x oCG o
n np f
p ```p dG
s u p dG ``n prHB
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o ```np J
o r Sp ``n or M
n
Qr ho ``````nJ mn```n oKhn
p
m p N
n m r L
r pe n r an
`èk hr On p r
n rdG pa p en
r co :o
n r s dG
````````````kHnFPp pnrdG ap sGE p
Qr Pp ```````M
n hn n r pe Sp
r n M
r Ban
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
?n pHr G
r pe t oCG
r n n nW GnPen `1
..................................................................................
?n prHG rpe npdPn toCG rnn nW GnPn pd `2
..................................................................................
p oe gn Gn nJ rgn `3
?n pn nW pa k s
..................................................................................
p n pH
?n p
n
o n r jn o Gn nJ
r gn `4
..................................................................................
52
q SSCG IqcG
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
Qr ```go Ro hn lr Yo ppa
Qr ```òoMhn mnn f pa
r ````````jpnrdG
n r bo ond
r pnrdG pnrdG pa n nJ
p b p r
r ````n
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o en Rn
Qr ``òoM pa sn nJhn
````q HdG
p pHs dG on
r a nJnCGhn :phGs dG
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p f
t oCG
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s M
n ò
o cr jn
r n jn r nd
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```k jpSn oFr u dG nnbr nCG
.n nfen Rn hn pGn M
r nCG p obho nnen o co Pr nCG `5
..................................................................................
p
.p nrnG Gngn pa rn n nX udG ps
r dG
s nSG
r oocr nCG `6
..................................................................................
p npH o p dG
.ooocr nCGhn npdPn nYn sGs dG
s p r dG
u nrnrdG oCGn br nCG .pueoCG pn
s rn r nj rnd `7
..................................................................................
?pQeo oCG n n pbYn p p dG
s p r L
n
r Yn phGs dG n pH n s Yn u dG oIOn n r o rdG n pg en `8
..................................................................................
p n jo n pH k p n r eo kIn u n eo kIAn Gn pb pho
n pe
o S
n rdpH pFr u dG pM
n r an p Yn os
n n nJ pdG
n n Hr nCG oCGr br CG `9
.pncn
n dr G
k ```r Sn hn kgr nCG k M
n r en :
o Fr u dG
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r spd
r Po nCG r nd
mp Sn mbr hn pa nr L
p
Qr ho `dG
t n L
r hn jn
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r ````p nf hr nCG m r Sn nhOo
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n jn
Q` ona nr nrdG pd nrfnCG
53
q SSCG IqcG
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
````q HdG
p en n go en ` CG `10
?
n pjrCGQn
n n M
n pho
n rdG o
..................................................................................
.n o o cr nCGhn
n pdPn nYn n sdGs dG n nr
o rdG oCGn br nCG `
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.n pa n bn hn u dG p nWQr rn dG
n pe
o ho
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n
n nJ
n r cn n pa p M
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n pa kIn r pa
o o cr nCG `11
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
.Gk rnf pFr u dGhn phn
n rdG n
s pb oocr nCG soK .kn snoe kInAGn pb
u sdG p penc nInAGn pb o Yp oCG `12
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
54
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
````q HdG
6
:
s q dG
o p n cr GnC
zY/Z{
:Qo s n
n JnCGhn nIQn dG
t
o es nCnJnCG `1
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p dG
Qp Gn r
n V
o r en `
p
.
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s U
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t n r jn so fnCG sEGn ,Gk u L
n
o ro jn hn ,Gk x L
n oCGrn jn ,ndhoCG pn dG
s pa l p U
n l rp pJ l peSn
:n
n nn a .
o ro jn en n r Yp Gk pnc
r dnbhn mIs en Gn
n P o un n ro dG ro JO
?h
n o r
o dG p
o nr J
r gn `
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:oun on G rndnb
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n hn Ak M
n nn d
.
n
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:
n es nCnJ
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n rdG `
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r ndnb
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n
r o cr Go `
55
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
````q HdG
n
n :pIQn t dG
s nYn l peSn
n n cn
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o nr rdG en `
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r ndnb
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n nCG
.p
o rp nJ e
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s pa n n
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r n V
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o ho
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n cQn .
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r dnb
p o N
.l peSn
n n cn en pFn br Ghn ,in nf jn L
r Go `
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n H ,oCGrn nJ
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p dG
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r dG
s pa n r r
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r V
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n n en nCG
o ho
n rdG n
n cQn ,
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p V
p V
.on
n hn ,opensdG n
n
r nj l peSn s nXhn ,k p nL o pensdG nCGn gn .l peSn n
:on un o rdG
r ndnb
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t n nr J
r gn `
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n b
p n r
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o
n ho
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o rdG
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n r cn `
(1999,8-5U ,IBGGh IeCG ,G QY)
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
p
:
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o
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...........................................................................
56
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
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IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
````q HdG
p rdG
?dG
Gngn pa Qp Gn
u
o Gn rWnCG n pg en `2
...........................................................................
p rdG
?pQGn
o V
o r en n go en `3
...........................................................................
.k nsn eo kaho M
o pn n
r J n mn np c nnnKhn l nsn eo h
l o M
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...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p rdG u
o
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n n
o en oCG `5
inn f Qp hr pn H oobnCG nfCnG ,nun n ro dG hr nCG p un ro dG Qp hr pn H
.no pFnb m nr b o
u c
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].......................[ .............................?
n ho
o rdG
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r gn `
].......................[.................................
Gk u L
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].......................[ ....?Ap
n hn An M
n :nn d
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n rdGhn Ap
n rdG
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].......................[ ...............l nrof n nd
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pnS
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].......................[
57
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
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jq QGM We
````q HdG
?
n hn
o rdG
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r gn `
].......................[
Gk u L
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?Ap r
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o ro cnCG `8
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...........................................................................
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n k Hn n pc p nsn rn dG p Z
r pho r
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...........................................................................
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58
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
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jq QGM We
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6
:
s q dG
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KNAB
....................................................
KNAB
....................................................
p rpe o cs nCnJnCGhn JpBG
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:kpFn n eo
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n s dG
n nd s n nJCnG ,p Vr n rdG nYn
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k p an
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p n n r dG
.mnRo Am en
r pe k cn r pH pa
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s
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s
(146-144U 1984,d fdG QGdG ,dG AGf , j)
:
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p
.
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...............................................................................
59
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
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jq QGM We
````q HdG
p Gon J u dG
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o Hn o dG
t n pg en `2
...............................................................................
?pHn o dG
t pp gn Rp h
o
n n pd
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o ho r n rdG n go en `3
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
p n n rdG n n dG
p
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r
s dp Qo n N
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p
p
.
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r Tn
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o GOn Tn Qr Ep G n pg en `6
...............................................................................
.?pnfnnrdG pp gn o su gn nCG n pg ne `7
...............................................................................
?
n pjCrGQn
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r G p sn rdG
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...............................................................................
zmnRo { ndEGp zosn rdG nn N
n { rpe
u sdG n n pJN
n oCGn br nCG `9
.p oar n rdG p pQ
n o rdG pa rOn Qn hn udG nn ar nCG op
r nSr nCG ` CG
...............................................................................
?pn ar CnpH nn nJQr G udG
o r
n rdG n go en `
...............................................................................
60
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
````q HdG
p dG
:n
E p G p jn s pe Qo n N
n
s nIOn na
r nCG `
p n rdG `
V
p
p V
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pjpn rdG p nr nr o rdG `
pa p r p rdG p obho nYn pr

n rdG Gngn
t o jn
pp nrdG p nr nr o rdG `
p nCG Gk n
p b n
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o
o pH o n L
n hr Rn o u n jo n go hn
n sn rdG ppa
o U
v f
o o cr nCG `10
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
61
q dG Iqce
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
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jq QGM We
````q HdG
6
:
s q dG
o p n cr GnC
p pa n s Yp GQn u dG
p
?r opn L
n U
n n rdG Oo u n oJ u dG Qo o tdG n pg en `1
.....................................................
p pa nM
r opn L
o sn rdG gn o p n r jn pqdG
o o tdG n pg en `2
p pd
?p pa
n n rdG
n pe r p pd
o
r en pjn n
.....................................................
.o ao p Yr nCG n pH n pa On Qn hn en oQp nboCGhn n n pJBG n
s p rdG oCGn br nCG `3
(1) n
x b r pe l L
o Qn
p n rdG z
p a l r cn n pjn r bn pa
.
o
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l n
ndEGp k Yn p r eo
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s
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n
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n n rdG
r M
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p
:GQk u
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r Yo
n nb o Hn r bo
r Qn U
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l L
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n BG
n nb
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p nj `
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n rpd no
n rfnCG V
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n
r sdhn hn ,o pa
(1997 ,dG q dG OG GQe ,a gf ,G QY)
:
n sdG opdYn GoC
.u pfnn rdG pGn rMnCG Qn nWEGp Oo u nMnCG `1
..................................................................................
.u pfen s dG pGn M
r nCG Qn nWEGp Oo u M
n oCG `2
..................................................................................
p
u s dG p s
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..................................................................................
62
q dG Iqce
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p pFs dG nIn rp rdG Qo s n

.
u s dG
n pe p nrn rdG Gngn nYn GOk n pYr G n s
n JnCG `4
..................................................................................
p rdG o nrn rdG n pH M
p jo u dG o n bs n n o rdG oGn M
?
t Qp Gn
r nCG n pg en `5
..................................................................................
(2) n
x b r pe l L
o Qn
p J rnCG k npeBG ,p r nrdG ndEGp rYn n gn hn ,Gk pcnH o pa
p oLs dG nrbn ,onn
n n rdG rbn nnSG
r pfsdG p r nrdG pa
p oa ..nngo hn ,p
p o rdG
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n bo r Tn On GOn Rr G ..Qn nprfGh n rdG
s rsne ..kesjnCG rnHnZ ..knjpnM ran n r
n fGh k n pFN
n onspbo roH rn neQn
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p n r eo
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p nf ppfnen pa ,k
!
n L
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r nfnc r cn hn
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r nJ r nd
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l jp nW
l br hn s en .mr Ho
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r L
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n ne m sjnCG oIs Yp `
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p renCSn `
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o et oCG o nd
r ndnbhn
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n r
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63
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IAGdG
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````q HdG
p rdG r nCG
?Qo Gn
o U
r rn dG r nCG Oo r dG
s :
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n pe p nrn rdG Gngn nYn
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..................................................................................
?
n pjrCGQn
n n M
n on s dG Gngn
n nnZ GnPn pd `
..................................................................................
p rdG pa o cn Qp n o rdG
?pQGn
o Gn rWnCG n pg en `7
..................................................................................
p
?
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n n M
n GPp n pd .n u n jo rnCG nhOo ps
r
s pd mU
n hr nCG Op n Sr Ep pH
o pJnrdG nn cr G `8
..................................................................................
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u s dG Gnn pd n o bs n n nJ u dG o jn n u dG n pg en `9
..................................................................................
(3) n
x b r pe l L
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n o n
r nf n s n nJ s oK o r pe k jpbn
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pa
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n
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o s dG pL
r hn
p Sn o n nWN
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n
p!spbo rordG nM
p U
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........................`
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n ns nJ o Dho GOn Qp n n
n rfBG
n Mhn .bn n rdGhn d
n n rdpH o Ho Pn
n n nJ
r Yn n Tn hn
p Sk lIQn o
:lIn N
r Yo
...n
u dpH w o
r en o sfEGp `
p Sn in N
:kIn N
r oCG
r an V
n nCGhn
p oj n m N
p Tn rpe nr N
p rcn `
!o
64
q dG Iqce
HGq dG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq QGM We
````q HdG
:p
n Yr Ep pH l NBG
n nb
.mr N
n pa
o p nf nrn nnd ,np paQn oGn br EGp nnr d `
:mIn rnM pa l p U
n Ql o
r Yo nnb
!loLQn osfnCG nYn to nj oo n rne !pnn rnd nj `
:ooHnCG ond nnb
..o pg nn rdG p r n rdG n r Hn n Yn n
r nJ
r nd `
x
o pH or
n ZnCG n r n
n n M
r na ,pdGhn s dG
n r Hn
r nN
n On s oK ,pQ
n prfG Gn n pH k
n p n r eo ,o pa
n n rdG
r On s nZ
...mn M
n hn
p n jo n pH
:
o S
o p cr oCG `10
................ l nren hn ................l nren :pn krek
u n dG Gngn pa
p
:m nrne uco pa nIQn phnno rdG ps
r dG
s Oo u nMoCG `11
............................................................ :hCq G G q T
............................................................ :dG G q T
u sdG Gngn pn pJN

n pa o pa
n n rdG n pH rnLn N
n udG oIn rp rdG n pg ne `12
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
?
n rCGs dG Gngn n o paGon J
r gn `13
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
.n Yp obho p en Rn
n n M
n k n sJn eo
u s dG pGn M
r nCG s gn nCG
o p
r n Sr nCG `14
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
p os
.GQk Gn M
n nnj n pU
r dp
n H kroe
x Op r Sn n
x f pnHnpc pa n pH op nSr nCG `15
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
65
q SSCG IqcG
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
6
:
s q dG
o p n cr GnC
p oCGhn nGn r o rdG oCGn br nCGhn nIQn dG

:p r pJBG p r dGDn dG
t p Yn
o L
t
o es nCnJCG `1
?p rn Sr Ep G o rU
n tpnj nrcn `
.......................................................
?ooJnn r pSBr G n pg ne `
.......................................................
.ppa An L
n n pH pHn L
n EGp oQp nboCGhn
u s dG
n penc oCGn br nCG `2
p nr Sr Ep G o r U
n
pGhn On nCG rpe gn p rnZhn p n
p rdGhn Op Gs dpH oho s nan p pcndG p ndG
s pa pQp ndG ndEGp onLu dG n n Yn
p UGns rdG p r n pH pen onj pn rKBG ,An Gs Tp nCG m L
n Qp n n r N
n Gofnc .p Unn rdG ndEGp Gon nrfBG s oK ,p rnrdG
p r go n ncr nCG l p Sn nnchn ph
o n s dpH nUo
o jn nobn rdGhn
n
r nJ Ap nn rdG nYn r go Qn n br nCGhn k Hn p
r nJhn kIn r N
r pe
w p
r Hn lGn n M
n
n r n Sr Ep G snCG ppbnaQp p pen en nYn On Os Qn n nd nna p r n Sr Ep G p Grn fnCpH r o an n Yr nCGhn Ap n rdG
p r n Sr Ep G pnpFYn
o p jn ps
o p r jn nhn
n t n s dG o p n r jn n o sfnC
n n s dG o pr jo hn pn paGs dG pn p rdG pa
p nhn kaGn rWnCG
,jn n
n rdG pIOn u n n o rdG ps pFGn prdG pnfGn n
n rdG ndEGp p n r jn n r an .mnfeo r go hr nCG v p
n Yn GRk n L
Ao n rdG n r pe t o jn lIn p U
n
l ooK ppfGQn r L
o nYn o n rnJhn .mn Sn po ren 600
o Qp njo en o r eo n n nX r bn hn
p Tp r n pH on an u p N
p Gs dG ppar L
p r
p coCG o r pe
iunn nJ u dG nIn p dG
n p
r n r n pd p
n ndEGp
s pn pFnrdGhn
n
sco n n an r bn hn pGn nnrdBG onrgn n go p rn Sr p G p SBr G nrnJ psper nrdG npJnn r pSG
r pa oao p r nf nehn n rnYn
.(FG) pIn N
r s dG ppFGn rLnCG
l p Sn s n n Sr Gm .Op r
r pf n r Hn
n U
n hn hn m n er nCG nIn n Yn
o Qp nrdG n nnb
o n rdG pnn rdG pdEGp mYn Sn p
s oK m nM
n t dG
n pe k
n p U
n s n
n a p rnrpd
r Ep pH pp Sn hn ndEGp gn s Tn s oK ,m
r V
n m r M
n ndEGn c 5 op nJ p N
n nbn p
r n rdG
n nb n nHn GnPEGp s M
n pr n rdnc Yk p r eo nn n an Ap n rdG pa
n nnZhn Ap Gn n rdG
n pe kp Yn n
k nf n N
n nCG
p J en p r n Sr Ep G
kIQn Tn EGp ppH
n p r o rdG
n r
n rdG s gn s oK pp pcn ndEGp m sn eo m pc pa o n V
n hn hn o o jn pr ndEGp
o n
n pe
p Yn mYn r po H o js p n rdG o Yp Gn dG
.mn
s o r nn n rfna pQp nrdG pa ppbnaQp ndGE p
66
q SSCG IqcG
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
r go Gon b
r scn GnPEGp s M
n p rnrdG nYn
o L
n u dG
o h
n n n jn hn ,mGs en hn mGs en o s p n n rdG ndGn n nJhn
n ho oH njpp nroe Gon
.mjpnL m pr j p ran
n c n pH np pfnb Wp dG
s ndEGp GhOo Yn Qo n sdG n
n rfBGhn
(q H ,g LL)
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
p hn r
n rdG pa An L
n n pH k p n r eo n nKnsdG
u Op r dG
s
u s dG n r
n bnCG Oo u M
n nCG `1
p pFs dG oIn rp rdG
..........EG .........e
o s
u s dG o r
n bnCG
.......................e
prdG
pnjGn prdG oV
s ndEGp oho
o rdG
r hn
......................EG
.......................e
pr dG
p t
s o s p n Yn
n s dG
o n Sp
......................EG
......................e
p r dG
p jn n u dG o V
s
n ep oIOn r n rdG
n hn
......................EG
p n jo n en
:
s s dG
o S
o oTr nCG `2
:
u s dG pa
n r n Sr Ep G nUG
o ns rdG Oo n
r jn
msjp
r Yn mn jp npH `
.msjpp r nJ mn jp npH `
.mYn r po H o n
r jn hn mYn r po H p
r n rdG p r bn ndEGp UG
o ns rdG opr jn `3
?mYn r po H p n n rdG Rp
n rfEGp
r pe
o un oJ u dG
o Ghn On nCG n pg en `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?p ho
o rdG pahn p rnrdG pa nYo p r jo r o on
r nJ pqdG Yp Ghn s dG n pg en `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
?GnPn pdhn ?ppcr s dG Gngn o pg nen n pg en .mp Sn ps
r Tn nYn phGs dG n cs Qn `4
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
67
q SSCG IqcG
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
?Ap n rdG
n pe p UGns rdG p ho N
o pbr hn ndEGp oIQn
s n rdG
o snn jn
n r cn `5
pnS
n nCG
n no rdG pnf
n rdG pa x n nenn rdG oV
ppbr s dG Oo n pYr Gp `
ppFGn pf ndEGp p n pSG
r `
ms pFr V
p r
n rdG o cn n M
n ndEGp o n prfp G `
n mIQn Tn EGp o jn Dhr Qo `
p Gn en
.kn sJn eo p r n Sr Ep G pr U
n
n M
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG ` CG `6
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?GnPn pd ?jv Qp ho V
n n n pJr nJ in nJ
r gn `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p nJ l nrne
:
w p r
u sdG pa `7
?GPp n pdhn ?ooLGQn Or EGp nbn hn
u sdG p r
n bnCG rpe m r pb
u nCG pa ` CG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.
n pfner m pH
r gn `
u s dG
n pe pp pbr en o p rnJ
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p s dG p nrn rdG nIAn Gn pb o Yp oCG `8
:JpBG p hn r
n rdG n p r nJ
o p cr oCGh
q p r
.......................................................
o Sr m G
.......................................................
o npFn rdG
.......................................................
.......................................................
p
o ordG pa oon jp nW
ppFGnZp nYn
.......................................................
ooWp r ne
68
q SSCG IqcG
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
?Oo npYr m G Gngn Yp Ghn On n pg en .

l n nf
n r n Sr Ep G snCG p Ss dG
o r Hn o p n r jn `9
p s dG p nrn rdG n Hn n cp o Yp oCG `10
GPp en .nnn r n r o rdG pHr s dG pGhn On nCG
o p
r n Sr nCGhn
u s dG ap Op Qp Grn dG
q p r
?
r On naCnG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p s dG p nrn rdG n Hn n cp o Yp nCG `11
.mGDn So p rTn ap kfGn r Yo o nd Qo n N
r nCGhn
u s dG ap Op Qp Grn dG
q p r
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
69
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p oCG hn nGn r o dG hn nIQn dG

: p n pJBG p ndGDn dG
t
r Yn
o L
t
o es nCnJnCG- 1
? on rWnCG on r nj GnPne ............................................................
?nGn nnG Gngn rYn op r nJ GnPne ............................................................
p rpe o cs nCnJnCG hn pJBG
pnHnLEGp psU
s sdG oCGn br nCG- 2
S
o Qr s `````dG
pIn r
n To
n EGp
o p r jo hn
u dG
s
n pe
o rp jo n n M
r nCpH GnPEp an o pens dG
s nUG
r hn S
o n nG
s On
n gr hn o o n un eo pjOp n no a n pf
n rZnCG pM
n nCG pp
n n pH
o u
n jo hn n e
n en nCG n
o cn
r a mn jp nb Om Qr hn
p jo nhn AGn n dG
o
u o un G
n Qo nu no a .mInp
l peU
n r
n udG
s np dh .l n
n H
l p n r eo so fnCcn
q n n eo
.pJBSn gn n r en pSp rCGQn
r pe mncn
n pH sEGp o n M
r nCG
n pe
o rp jo k pFGOn o sfnC
u dG
s
n pe
n n gn o n M
r nCG pJn u S{
n : p nr dpH o pens dG
n n Sr nCGhn
p H p L
:
r dG
n
n o U
n
n N
n On h ,r p r jo o n M
r nCG
s np dhn .z
o ojn n gr hn p r n dG n Sp
u dG
s
r bn hn psr dG o
n N
r nCG o sfGE p { .pppn H Q
n
n Tn nCG hn ,zGnngn l p U
n lGn n M
n p o
r dG nYn nnc pJn u S{
.zmIoq pH O
n dG
o
n n er nCG o s p ndhn ppH
n n er Ep G r
o dhn M
n
r ndnb .zAHn r M
n o sfEG{ :l pdSn
r Yn n Sr nCG
n nb .Gn n nG nho pgn jo o pens dGhn o n uk oG
p prpn H o
o jn n gr hn (pd
n :o n un G
n dG)
s jn nn dG pnpFYn
r pe An Hn r nG sEGp o pdSn jn
n br n U{
p G n n nrGp
n p snjhn Qp nrfnCG rYn p n
r npd mjpr psp n n cn npdnPhn ppH n no
n Qp nopd ppfnr d
p V
n p s jn rnCG r p n r jn o s p ndhn { : k nM
n
r n sYn s oK .zppH n np G Qn nN
r nCGhn Qn ho dG
t
70
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
Ap Hn r nG oGrn dnCG
o p n
r nJ h{
n :
r an V
n nCG s oK kp bn o n un G
r n nSn .zm pdSn r op paQn Qn nrfnCG
nn U
r nCG is n nn J On
o nJ n pn H ons nn J pdG nGrn dnCG
s p nd hn .p Wp G
n hn p Grn fnCG pnpNp
r H
pjn nbp rpd n pHn
n pcGs dG s u o dG hn n
n N
r nCG hn
n pSG
r n
n pnf Ap Hn r nG ond pJCrjn hn .p VQr CnG nnr d hn
p nSG
p pn H ps p n dG
n s dG t pjn hn .IQG
n pp gn o t
n nn G pL
n Qn On hn Ap r
s pd k nn J
k jr nCG hn p nnG
n pe
pGrn dnCG pGnP AGp n V
r nCG
n EGp p n Hr nCG Ap r dG
s p p
r o s p n Yn n gr hn p nt dG
s hr nCG pt n dG
s
p pGrn dnCG ps p r U
t op f nr d or jo rCGQ en .prn fEp Gp r L
n p pcnr J ps p n Yn hn pnp rn G pL
n Qu n G
n
?pd
n dG
s
r Yn k
r Hn
H
,ja dSCGh jdG SQG ,dG O
q
:
s dG
s
o pdYn GoC
p noj n ne r oTor G -1
:
s sdG oS
:
u dG
s
n pe o n M
r nCG
n nar nCG
pn un oG
n pe kar N
n
.p SQr s dG npe knne
.m pdSn pp jpU
n
r pe Hk n gn
.
u dG
s
n pe n
n ar Ep G pOp t n n pd
.pIn r
n dG
t nYn k jpZp kfGn n M
n ppjn Dhr o pd
?ppbr rn dG Gngn pa
n jo rCGQn en ?
u dG
s
n pe n n M
r nCG n
n ar EGp n
o adG
u n ns a
n nr c `2
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
:
s s dG
o paGn jo en p jn s pe Qo n N
r nCG ` CG `3
.ppn un eo An Gn pf mYn r po H o n M
r nCG
n L
n nCG
.ppun n eo AGn n pf pHn L
r nCG nC nWnn J
n EGp pa o n M
p jo r nd
.ppn un eo An Gn pf o n M
r nCG
r
71
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
.pHn L
n EGp o Yn r nJ u dG
n pFGn n rdG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG `
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p jo n{ :nn pJBG n nr r
en Q
o n N
r nCGhn zpJBSn g
n n r en pSp rCGQn
r pe mncn
n Hn sEGp o n M
r nCG
o
o dG oCGrn bnCG `4
:n r pe o o r p an
.AGp n u pd o n M
r nCG rp n rjn r nd
.AGn n dG
u o n M
r nCG r n r jn nr d
.n n M
r nCG
n n prfGp oGn n r
n dG s Tn
?n n M
r nCG poSo
r en pun n ro dG
o pbr en n go en `5
...........................................................................
:pw rp nJ l nren
u dG
s pa `6
.o n jn n pfhn o n jn Gn pH Oo u M
n nCG ` CG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.o Yn V
o r en Oo u M
n oCG `
...........................................................................
p n pd `7
?onfnr d oAnHr nrdG o up oj GP
...........................................................................
72
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
p rdG o Yp on J u dG
?ppfnr d p prnJ pa An Hn r
o peGn n rdG n pg en `8
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p n jo n pH
:
u s dG pa An L
n n pH k p n r eo
o S
o p cr oCG `9
p dG ounpj
...................... o sp n n rdG pp gn s on Jhn m n bo p Snr b oGrn dnCG oAnHr r
p dG n pH ons n jn u dG oGrn dnCG
......................................... Ao Hn r r
.................................................. n pg m on b p Snr b oGrn dnCG
....................... prp nf
u o n jp sdG
r Yn p nadG
u pa Ao Hn r r
n dG gn o p n r jn dG
pIn pg nX p rp nJ pa n n un o rdG
r n Yn Sn u dG pGhn On nCGhn pGOn n r o rdG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG `10
p rdG p nt nJ
.gn p ep nn dp Ap Hn r
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p b jv p rp nJ k nren
o o u V
n oCG Gk n
o ro cnCGhn pd
n dG
s p Yn n
x en Op Gn Yr EGp pa n
n rWnCG p
o QTCn G `11
.n rndEGp orU
s nn J dG
u pneor n qdG sgn nCG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
73
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
s sdG op ncr GnC

p oCGhn nIQn dG
.pnp Sr nCG p Yn
o L
t
o es nCnJnCG `1
?pnfGn n
n rdG pp gn
n r Hn o n
r jn udG en `
....................................................
?kIOn Yn
o p nJ nrjnCG `
....................................................
?gn Qn nN
r nCG
o t
n nJ
o p r jo
o r cn ..
....................................................
n On U
n u dG nGn n
n rdG
o q n nJnCGhn pJBG
.r p pnM
r Qp pa
n jppan o rdG
AGo n
r dG
s
p
p rn dG Ap Gn
r n gn Pn hn n odn L
r n p nJhn o r dG
s nfn Yr nCGhn
o ho ordG
n o bn r bn hn pn SG
r dG
s pa o np f s co
p Ghn Qn n
p Ghn Ou Dn pj s pe
o n L
w co gn Pn hn n nM
r nfnCan Am en
n pe n pen L
r nCG pa n pH u p r p rdG p jpQ oIQn Gn M
n
r bn l penM Gp gn hn p
n HnrdG
n p nrdG on rnj Ol o rne Gnn an .on un oj rnCG prnYn ne o un pj ppbnaQp n rnf
p n rdG o u gn oCG nfnCG
nfr n L
r nCG rnCG n r Hn pM
n Gs dG pp n pH
l p an sEGp n pa en hn .pr
o rpd
n
o r co hn p r prdG ndEGp n sJGm
n Yr n Sr nCao !
n U
n rnCG sEGn rn rnf r ndhn .pen u dG pa p r dG
s pa n o
n rfnCG
l n r Yn !
l n r Yn { :Ol o
r en
p n
p nf nYn
ndEGn n r L
n Qn hn kjp nW n r
n a .kar N
n n r
r Qn ns nJ r bn lIn p U
n Al GOn r Sn l n jr hn Oo GnPEp an pr ndEGp
pQp nn rdG p Yn pjp
n rdpH l peM
n
n snnJ r nbhn pes dG
s pnfGn n
n rdG p Yn os
n n nf n pHp
r en
:kpFnb n pH pjpr sdGhn
ne pndG
u npe n nd sEGp ornM npcnYn rn rnd n sp ndhn pspJonrn rdG pn pF sdG npe oQp nn rdG t n oJ{
.n r pe
x co pa ps p r
n n rdG p L
o Qr nCG
n pe m Ghn Rr nCG pn Hn Qr nCG Op L
o ho
n rpe ppcn n rdG
n r Hn hn n n r pH o n
r jn
p en nCG
n pe lIOn hs n eo n gr hn .Gk pcn kanpN
r BG p n rn rdG pa ppcn n rdG
r Yn
o p n
r nJ
n Qp nn rdG
s ndhn
,ppjp
n an nYn p r n rpd
o n r n rdG p p pH
o p n pr j mT
n s cn r san o pr jo pGn rWnCG
n pe
w p bn m hr n pH
p n pd m jp nW mr
o pH Ol hs n eo n r an n o rHn es nCG .pjs p n

r rdG
n pe pp r nZhn p
r n rdG Op Gn
n pd l n pHn eo n gr hn
n
prn fEp G nYn l p N
p dG
n tdG
t Gngn hn .kseSn hn k nMQp nLhn k Sn ns oe onn oM n pa Sp
o rnan ps
s ndEGp
.pGn nnrdGhn
(H 64 U ,d fdG QGdG ,dG e S ,LYhdG Y)
74
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
?pGn M
r nCG p obho onen n go en `1
...............................................................................
p noe oGn nJ rgn `
?pGn p VG
r
nN
n Or nCG udG pn nrpd kS
...............................................................................
p n
p n eo o Gn nJ
p Gn M
?
n Gn p V
r p G
n N
n Or CnG udG
n rdp k S
r gn ?
r CnG p obho oen Rn n go en `2
...............................................................................
p n eo o Gn nJ
?
n Gn p V
r m G
n N
n Or CnG udG pn
n rpd k S
r gn `
...............................................................................
p
u sdG ps
r Tn Oo u nMnCG `3
...............................................................................
p
?s
r Tn
t co p pH
r n uco udG
o n n rdG n go en `
pp gn ppH
p n eo n
r n uco qdG p n n rpd k S
n rdG Gngn in nJ
r gn ?pn jr hn t dG nYn n nYn udG
r en `
p
?os
r dG
s
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p en or n rdG p p gn o
p nJ
p Qp nn rdp Gk
gn r nZ
r ep gn p pr n dp k n ap nc
r gn .
n n
r eo kjpr nJ l ep M
n n s bn `4
?u Gn n dG
n pe
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
75
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
?ppcn n rdGhn pQp nn rdG

n r pH pn dG
s o L
r hn n go en `5
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
?pQp nn rdG nrnHhn n nrnH pndG
s poLhr nCG rYn onrHnCGhn psjp n
r rpd Qm n U
o rYn onrHnCG `6
...............................................................................
p Qp nn rdG
o U
?
n ep jn nbp rdp
u bn CnG nYn
n Fp n
n f nnnK
o CnG `7
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
?n pjp
n n pH on r n rdG ns n nJ nrcn `8
...............................................................................
p s dG p nrn rdp p nfns o rdG p n
?n Yo nr f en :
u p r
o rdG nIAn Gn bp o Yp CoG `9
...............................................................................
:pQn pN
r BG
o uYn CoG s oK Cn n
n rdG
o oTr CnG `10
:ljpbn p nrn rdG Gngn opcr nJ
p rdG npe
.pQGn
.Op r dG
s
n pe
.pU
r rn dG
n ep
76
q dG Iqce
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p oCGhn nIQn dG
:p r p pJBG p r ndGDn dG
t
r Yn
o L
t
o es nCnJnCG `1
?mbn Qn pn H S
n rCnrdG L
o s dG snZ GnPn pd `
? o snZ rCG n r Hn ppH
o n r jn GnPen `
.......................................................
.......................................................
p rpe scnCnJnCGhn pJBG
.oQr s n
n J ne psU
p a l nHprnJ
l nTn
ap r oJrCGn bn r osfnCG
s Tn n{ :p SQu n o rdG Pp n Sr oCG p
n r npH
o rbo hn kbQn hn hn Ak en hn kZQp na Hk oc
o r n nW
ppa
n n rdG hr nCG po ordG
n r nan .nBG o on ar nCSn s Yn k r Tn p SpQGn n rdG pa r ooJn pJSn nCG r on n Sr nCG hr nCG ps
p r jn n er oCG sC lIQn n en hr nCG l Hn Gn nZ hr nCG Rl
o o r V
n hn hn o o rdh
n n n an
o r n nW en nnchn .zms p rYp mn p M
n ndEGp o L
n Yr GE p
p
p hn .pSn rn dG pa
,o n U
r nCG en Ghr n n pd k p L
n GHo p n br G{ :
n jpV
n rdG pa
o
r U
r nfnchn pIn
n r p rdG nYn
s M
r nan r opHn pK nYn Goa
n nJ
n An n rdG ppa op ar oCGhn ,ek n nJ
n ordG Gngn oCer CnSn nBGhn .Ao n rdG n nun jo
m p jn nYn Gofon pd n n V
n nCG rnCG
n r bn gn o pjn oJ rnCG
o o
r jn hn ,pn pbs dG pbn Qn rn dG pp n pH p unZoCSn hn ,
o p jn
snCG nhr n n Sn hn r oen en nCG o o p br nCn
n a Ak en An or n rdG
n ordG Gngn
o r snZ r bn hn nBGhn .ljs Op Yn l bn Qn hn n sfnCG
r pe
.pQn rn dG npe o n bs dG o n n sdG pp gn qEGp oo ornj n nnc rEGp hn lIn rnb orpe
n n r oJ rnd nAn rdG
ap o p n Yr nCSn :Gk u L
n Go n SG
r ,pn rWEp G nYn p nn rdG
n pe
n r N
n n ,n ,nho p n r nJ r onden
p r nJ l s p p nW lIn pg nX n gr hn ,
p N
pGOn o
q nu G prdG
s ps U
n pHn p
r s dG
r en ndEGp n p r bn pjn Gn pH o L
p
p nu G ordG
n n n N
r G udG p Tp Qr oJ p pdn rdG
s Sn
o jo hn 1648 Yn s p n Fr u dG p r pehQo n rdG Rn n L
r nCG ,S 76 p
r n rdG p rSn n r Yp
t nu G ordG
s oojn hn .Qpe 1. 36 p G
o Op n jo hn ,QpdpH
1 pp nren o M
n pe GOk o Yn
o Op n jo p
r n rdG p rSn n r Yp Ap Gn n rdG nRr hn snCG
n n pehn S 76 pYp npJQr B p n Fr u dG
p pFSn nrpe lRr hn n nd lIOs ne nAGn n rdG snCG Pr EGp ,Ap Gn n rdG pRr hn p pKrCnJ n npnf
t nu G ordG
s oCn rnjhn 2S
o nLQn On rn n nJQr BG ne GnPEp an ,Ap Gn n rdG pIQn Gn nM pnLQn On nne vrp Yn
t qu G ordG
s oS
n nnnjhn ,Ou Gn n rdG
p U
,
o bn n jn s nK
r pehn ,o o an ncn
t p nJhn nYr nCG ndEGp Ao Gn n rdG Oo s n n jn pIQn Gn
n rdG
l
n r
o n rdGhn o orV
n hn o ofRr hn n
.Ao Gn n rdG op
n r jn pIQn Gn
n rdG o nLQn On
r n
n
n rfG GnPEGp
77
q dG Iqce
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
Gngn nrp an .prnrdG p rSn rYn onpJQr m G On GOn Rr BG n sco

t nu G ordG
s
o p
n rnj n cn .oofRr hn Oo GOn r njhn
.n rnYn pson G Ap n rdG nrV
n pbn Qn rn dG nYn oson G
t nu G ordG
s oOp n oj
Sp rCGQn nYn Ao n rdG Vn

n a rnCG o
n ps dG
r nfnchn ...Gho orfGo .Sp rCGQn nYn
n ordG Gngn
o p br nCSn nBGhn
p nYn snK rpehn
nYn on rWnCG nn Sn hn ,oGn udG
s rN
n n U
n hn puSp r co nYn mp reG tco nnKhn hn .pfGn L
p dG
.o sn nJnCG nfnCGhn nnn rdG oQr On nZhn mjpTn m n
n pH or n Tn hn .p
s pr an p VQr nCG
(q H ,RG QOdG Y gGHG)
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
.
u sdG Gngn pa n nMr Tn phGs dG nh
n nM udG o sp rp rdG o n p nrdG n pg ne `1
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.pn p nrdG pp gn nnrKEGp phGs dG n pH nh
n nM udG o nHp rsdG n pg ne `2
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.pct nCs dG Gngn nYn n sdGs dG
n pFGn n rdG
o o cr nCG .pHn p
r s dG p
n nf
r pe Gk cu nCn eo phGs dG pnc `3
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
.n o o cr nCGhn r o uTn nYn n sdGs dG
n pFGn n rdG oCGn br nCG :pHn p
r s dG p
n nf na
n cu Tn nho V
n rdG nnc `4
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
78
q dG Iqce
eG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
jq J We
````q HdG
p Gn en
.kn sJn eo n Hn p
r s dG
n M
o o cr nCG `5
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.
o r
n nJ n Hn p
r s dG pp pg
r nn L
n u dG pn Sr nCG
r Yn pbnaQp n en o
n Hr nCG `6
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p Gn en
p nCG `7
.m
n n pH n pH n n p rdG
o p r jo s M
n kpbOn kU
r hn pHn p
r s dpH p n p rdG
n M
o U
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?pnjGn prdG pa oo p nr nj nnc ne nne opbr n rdG Gngn oan Gn nnj rgn .Gk un noe nn N
n hn p n
n rdpH phGs dG n n Tn `8
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?pHn p
r s dG p n
n a n r Yp
o n r nJ
n r co GnPen o nfnen
n r co nr d `9.
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p b n
.pHn p
r s dG p
n nf n r Hn nIn pg sdG ppa o n
u aoCG Gk k
v f
o o cr nCG `10.
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
79
q SSCG IqcG
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p oCG soK pJBG n nrn rdG oCGn br nCGhn nIQn dG

:p rndGnD dG
t rYn oL
t osenCnJnCG `1
z..rYn
n
o un oj kpenoe snCG podG
t p r nH pa nCGn bn m pr j nGnPh{
p
?pIQn s dG
s
n r bo pn n pbGrn dG pn s
r dG
s oonJ
r en `
.....................................................
p U
?pIQn s dG
s
o M
n pe
n o rdG o
n r jn s Yn `
.....................................................
p
.pHn L
n EGp p
s U
r pe o cs nCnJnCGhn JpBG
s s dG oCGn br nCG `2.
j
o pr
n dG o pFdG
s
pa o n r Yn hn p r n rdG pa o nL
r Qp o jpjo n cn mbn n pdhn mYn Gn n pH nIQn s dG
s o jpjo Gk pge kpFSp
l Op U
n
n n U
r nCG
.p ns dG
p
n rdG pa pr ndEGp
n gn n an .ppJQs n pd p pFSn
r Yn
o u n jo k pe
n eo snCG p
o dG
t p r Hn pa nCGn bn m pr j
n GnPhn
r :GQk obhn koLQn nnchn peno rdG ond nnan .ppJnen N
n prnYn V
n n Yn hn
nr nrdG ords nH r n nd s noH nj rn SG{
:pJQn sSn p pFSn rpe o jpQoCG psfnC ?GnPn pd pQr nJnCG .npbGs Sn nIn r Yn
.onnr pe np roj rnCG :khs nCG `
.mnfYo o pH
o o jn nan o Hn
n Yr nCG
n p r jn rnCG :k pfnK `
pnpFYn Op Gn ar nCG
n r Hn hn pr Hn Qo ho jn mjpM
n
u nCG
r pe k n p cn nr dhn
o o r jn nan o nfn pd
n p r jn r nCG :kpdnK `
.n L
n Qp N
n hr nCG pIQn s dG
s pahn o L
n Qp N
n hr nCG pr n rdG pa pao V
o hn
.
n Gn Sp p en hr nCG pden
r pe o nd
s M
n n en r N
o rCnj nan k penCG nojn rnCG :k pHGQn `
.ppfn pd p rnpH On u go nr dhn
n p rjn n rnCG :k peN
n `
p Ghn
Op Gn ar nCG
n pH kr Sn hn kgr nCan
o ngs Dn o rdG pp pg
n nd
r nfnc rEp an
r pe Gk M
n r co nr d n cn
n opeYn oCSn hn
.u Yn Gk p Hn
n Hr na sEGp hn pnpFYn
:p n n rdG pIs Tp rpe m pr nnoe mn p pH nnbhn mOp U
n o jpQSn nCG rbn n Tr nCan
p Qn sEGp nnnJ nt oXnCG nehn ,puSn nj prHu nL `
.kVG
(93`92 U15 1997 ,af SDe ,HcCG ,f Fe)
80
q SSCG IqcG
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
p n jo en pn pJBG pGOn naEp G
:pQn pN
r BG Qo u Hn oCG s oK
s s dG
o S
n pe Qo n N
r nCG `1
p nr J
p
U
n n jn
w Op r Sn dG/k
t
r hn
o s
n n jn
w Op r Sn
t s dG
t q dG/k L
o s
n n jn
w Op r Sn
t q dG/GQk Gn M
o s
p nJ
.Gk r
o s
n n jn
w Op r Sn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
.
u q dG ps
r Tn Oo u M
n oCG `2
...................................................................................
p nYn
.nbn n dG
u mOp U
n pr M
t o nJ u dG nIQn n p rdG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG `3
...................................................................................
?mIs ne rpe n ncr nCG pp pFSn p prnJ ndEGp peno rdG rn an On udG onSr nCG n pg ne `4
...................................................................................
.n pJQn s Sn p pFSn pa pe
n o rdG o oWpn r jn en JpBG p hn r
n rdG pa
o Ru hn nCG `5
k es Yn pnN
r nCpH
o
k s nJ u dG oho dG
t
pbn n dp
u H o n un n o rdG oho dG
t
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
p snJ udG pho dG

k seYn pnN
r nCpH o
t p Yn pbn ndp
u H pn uno rdG pho dG
t on
r a op r oj osfnCG in J rgn `6
?GnPn pd
...................................................................................
.ppJQn s Sn pIOn n p pd
o Ts n n jn
r en pa pe
n o rdG n nn V
n u dG pho dG
t nIAn Gn b o Yp oCG `7
?
w Qp ho V
n n o pJr nJ
r gn ` CG
,zkhs nCG{ pGOn n r o rdG Qp npYr G nhOo ) on p r sdG hr nCG oho dG
t pp gn n pH opnrnJ udG o ndG
u n pg ne `
?(...,zkpfnK{
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
81
q SSCG IqcG
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
p o Yp oCG `8
.ppJQn s Sn pIOn n p pd
o Ts n n jn
r en nYn pe
n o rdG n p r jo u dG pn p r s dG n nZn U
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?GnPn pd ?pn p r s dG pp gn
l Op U
n
n Hn nb
n r cn `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.gn r co Pr Go ?m n Yn rYn prnrpd in N
r oCG kbo oW op r nJ rgn `9
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
82
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p oCG soK
rYn oL
u sdG nGn rYo oCGn br nCGhn nIQn dG
t osenCnJnCG `1
z?
n pjrCGQn
n n M
n p rrdG Ao ncPn
o sn n jn n pa{ :pGDn dG
t
.................................................
.................................................
p
.pJGQn t n
n J p
s U
r pe so cnCnJnCGhn pJBG
s dG
s oCGrn bnCG `2
mrcn An
o cPn
p f N
p nCG nnc
p
k HGQn zp
l nf{ r
o nrdG nnchn pr rn dG
n en nCG p r n pdL
n o s pcRn o o L
n hr Rn hn
l n
.pr sdG p npK
n pe pr o rdpH nnchn n o en en nCG
r pe
r sdn nJ l n pJ pr n rdG
.GOGk Qn Op Rr BGhn Grk f gpn Qn pK pa
r
n rn dGm
r n n er nCG nr b pL
n L
n dG
s GnPEp an pn dG
u n n
r f o s pcRn
p gn mr p
p f N
p nC
snCG l Gn M
n ,pn u dG
n
r nJ pL
n L
n s dG ndEGp r orfGo { :mO
n H mn
r ndnan
u pe j
n :n
n an .z
o L
n L
n dG
s nn dnn J n s M
n p VQr nCG
n nr a nn fr
n ZnCG nn anr J
n pjpoJ GPp en h{
?
n n ar nCG rnCG
m o
r Z nrnJ n rpe Om Yo sco rn rLGh zY{rTn nYn n rn rLGh k sjp bn GOk Gn Yr nCG r N{
o :rndnan
.zn r pe k jpbn
n rndG rHo Qr G s oK Qp n udpH m nreo
p Hn r en
or M
o rndG
n nKhn s M
n p nnrdG
n pe
r n n rfG rnCG en hn
n EG p r dn
s c n
n nrfGh p
r pe
On q Th
n o n dG
u
p h .pL
.nnc or M
n s dG
n
n Hn n an On Yn m nSn pa n n u dG snCG EG snC rWG
n M
n L
(q H ,f Fe)
83
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
:
s s dG
o pdYn GoC
p
.
u s dG ps
r Tn
o p
r n Sr nCG `1
...........................................................................
.pGn M
r nCG nnen
o u Yn oCG ` CG `2
...........................................................................
.pnr Yn n sdGdG
s n jpn n rdG
u dG
s
n pe p
o
r n Sr nCG `
...........................................................................
.pGn M
r nCG p obho nen Rn
o u Yn nCG ` CG `3
...........................................................................
pnr Yn n sdGdG
s n jpn n rdG
u dG
s
n pe p
o
r n Sr nCG `
...........................................................................
p rdG on
?
u s dG pGn M
r nCG ps p n pd
o On
n rdG n go en `4
...........................................................................
?oL
n hr s dG o r M
n n n br G udG
t
n rdG en ` CG `5
...........................................................................
?
s nG Gngn o L
n hr s dG n pa
r nZU
n u dG
o n
o rdG
r nCGn n Hr G n pH `
...........................................................................
84
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
p o Yp oCG `
.mQn
r n pH n r pe mn p r nJ
t co oCGn r nJ mn pFnb p rTn pa
u nG Gngn n Zn U
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ?p Gn prbBG Gngn pa
n jo rCGQn en .oL
n hr dG
s n r M
n n rn bBG dG
u p or
o dG n M
n nCG prnrdG oHr Qn u
o n jo `6
?GnPn pd
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p pd in N
.pQo tdG pn Yn
r pe pn rp dG ppbn Yn pnfn
r oCG koM
o p
o rn bnCG `7
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.........
85
qLdG IqcG
(2 G)
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
LE
udG pIQn dG
t nbr Qn p sHn o rdG pa oocr nCG soK mnr oL sco oCGn br nCG `1
p noJ
.n oS
p
Ip On s
n o rdG p r n rdpH in oJ n u dG n n L
r CnG o u njo Rl n L
.pGs n rdG
n nBG
p
.pjs phn dG
s p Gn L
r nCG pU
r Qn pa o n
r n r jo Rl n L
.nIn p dG
s n n L
r nCG o u noJ Qp sr prdG
n pe lIGOn nCG
p rpe o cs nCnJnCGhn pJBG
.pJGQn t n
n J psU
o n
r p rdG
p rdG p nrenCG rpe u p rp rdG pnjEp G o
p rnfnc
lIn s noe U
s N
n l Yn nb nnd rnfnc r n an .prYp p
n
s M
m Ghn On CnpH
n M
r CnGhn p nTr CnG p n p n
r eo m js Qp sr pH m Ghn CnGhn
u opH
s nrfCnG rCnG fp o p r jo nnc r nndhn .p
p nJ
p
o
u on fhn n p Un
u On nCG pa n osenCn nfhn n M
o u n o an gn o
r of u dG Ou Gn n rdG nYn prbn hn prpa
.nn pbs dG p nM
n no rdG n ndr M
n
p Yn k ndBG ppJn
.n
o
s n n nf n Yr n Sr nCan k n
n r pe nYn m jpan
t co n L
n nn a m pr j
n GnP n r p rdG n rN
n On
m jpan uco nnenCG{ :kpFnb p SQr s dG nV
o r ne nnd ounojhn n pH pnn rdG psnne rpe nfQn u nnj no un oe nn SCr an
Ip On s
r CnG p prJ
r ep n o un jo o sfEGp .l n
r ep r or ep
n o rdG p r n rdpH n o jn Dhr Qo
o p r jo n udG p n bp s dG p n L
n r nYn
n Rs hn s oK .zppdn r pSr Gm n n jp nWhn p n rp rdG Ap Gn L
r nCG ndEGp n r k rdG
o s n n n Sn hn .pGs n rdG
n nBG
:
o CrGn n an .n pa An L
n en p p rnJ n ndh
n
n eo s oK k n peU
n kIAn Gn pb n nJAn Gn pb n r ndEGp
n n nWhn mYn o ren
.ns pr n dG n Sn n n dG in rdG
t o s p q dG
s o Sn n n dG
n pHnoJ s M
n s pfn r nG U
n r o rdG Qr Op nCG `1
86
qLdG IqcG
(2 G)
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
p r orfGo `2
.Ap r dG
s Qp n
r en n
n oJ nIBGr pdG
r u M
n s oK ps pr n dG pSn n n dG
n nN
p pH n r u nKhn p n
p L
.p r nSn
r p G pM
n nr d nYn n s L
n t dG n
n p dG
s r V
n `3
o sp rdG o Sn n n dG nQp noJ snM nn Sr nCG ndEGp
u p n rp G porfoCG pjprnpd n pndG npHdG
s Qr Op nCG `4
p nLt dG pnp dG
.psL
s n n n rne
p hn o
.
k VG
n
r oG
o p
r jo s M
n n p dG
s npHdG
s
r u M
n `5
.in r odG hr nCG ps p Su n n opH in rdG
t n s p r dG
s n Sn n n dG
n pr n nr J s M
n s pfn r nG U
n r o dG
r u M
n `6
n n r Hn pnr J o n gr s dG GnPEp an p n n rdG pa n r n nrfBGhn p n
r p G
n pe n Hr n n br na p n r pSBr G n n jp nW n ar n Yn
.oS
n nnnJ k bn Gs nH npoYr nC rnMn udG psjp n rp rdG pnpFnrdG p Yn onoDhn sdGhn on n n rdG GnPGE p hn
(q H) f Fe
:
s sdG opdYn oCG
p pa phGs dG
?u p rp rdG pnjEp G p
s M
o uZn jo nnc udG en `1
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p n
r p rdG pn pb nYn
t o jn en
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr CnG `2
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.pn rp rdG p n r pSBr pH n n un no rdG pn p r sdG oCGn br nCG 3
?
o n p r s dG p p gn n pH
r nCGn Hn u dG o ndG
u n gp en ` CG
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
87
qLdG IqcG
(2 G)
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
.pHn L
n EGp
o uYn oCG ?
w Qp ho V
n pn p r s dG
o pJr nJ
r gn `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.p nj s pe n n Wp
n rdG n nr ordG o oTr nCG `4
p r nr nj q p L
p r sdG o nrn rdG `
(ppH Goenb ne Oo o r nj) p pensdG nn Yr nCG oL
p r s dG o nrn rdG `
(ppH neo on Sn en p r jo ) p ep ns dG
n n Yr CnG
o pn r jn t p L
?po rn rdG Rn
n rfEGn p pens pd
o n p r s dG
r n s jn
r gn ` CG `5
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
?npdPp nYn o sdGs dG opFGn n rdG n pg ne `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p r s dG p nrn rdG nIAn Gn pb o Yp CoG `6
.m o Sr CnpH pr ndEGp Qp n o rdG p n
r p rdG pnfnu eo An n Sr CnG
o o cr CnGhn q p L
o sp rdG
s o Sn n n rdG
p nLt dG o np dG
o sL
s
o pnrdG opHdG
s
t pfn r n rdG U
o r o rdG
psprn dG o Sn n n dG
pnSr
p G
p p dG
s opHdG
s
oIBGp G
88
qLdG IqcG
(2 G)
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
p r s dG p nrn rdG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG `7

Qn Op
n n pH oCGn r nJ pn p r s dG kYp L
n q p L
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
89
q dG Iqce
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
6
:
s s dG
o p n cr GnC
p oj ne oocr nCGhn nGn ro dG oCGn br nCGhn nIQn dG

.ppH pnM
t osenCnJnCG `1
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.
o Qr s n
n J en p
s U
k
r pe
o s
n nJnCGhn
u s dG
n penc oCGn br nCG `2
A
o n Tr nCG o
o p no a o pn HU
n nCG o u
n jo
p rdG pn
p rdG npe Qn nN
t co orpe n o n r nj l
s pb n pH pp tn nJ pa ondhn kKn nM nnc o roe n snMnCGhn nIQn Gn
r Gp
p jn w pU
en Gk p cn nnchn ,ppHGn rJnCG n en
o n rjn pdG
t Ap
n rHn pa pper jn
n penc r
n n go hn nnc .n pFnan M
o
p n r jn hn r o r Yn phn r jn
.QGp s
o
n rdG m pg nW u n rdG pscOo n ndn bo
p nf pa k n n pd pn sn o rdG p
p rdG ndEGp n ns dG o pjo t pdG
nnc n sfGE p hn
o r
n an pr
o o rdGhn pnar
s
r ojn r ndhn
p n pd pa Gk pg nW s n rdG
o n r jn
o Gn nJ n pp un o pd lIQn U
o ppJn pcGnP pa
r n n nrfBG s M
n ppJncn M
n hn ppn r gn hn pS
t n rdG nnc{ :
o ojn m p
r en
r pe p ncr nCG pa o o r p Sn .mr bn p Ho Qo
r Yn o jpjn en Qp ho eo
r pe p rZs dG nYn k s M
n
p
p
p
pOGn dG
p
p
p
p
p
s n jTn On n Sr nCG kfhQo r cn
o n rjn ju Rn a kfnCG nnchn ,gn n n M
r nCG In n n rdG s nf k jH kr cn l g nW
kL
o Qn ppJn n Hn pIn r M
o hn n pen n Yp pIn
r N
o hn ppfhQo r cn Op Gn Sn
n r Hn ho r n an pIn
r
o rdG n np L
n An Gn
r N
n k en n Yn hn
SG
n n er nCGhn n n rZnCG
o pdn jo nnan ,pp n n pd ppfrJGE p hn ppJncn
n pH n Xp s dG o
n r jn l pg nW t n rdG nnchn .k Sp hn
p pH nGn p Ghn p rsdG nUn
p nehn
.zoAnTr nCG on p oJ snM on pHU
n nCG nu noj rnCG np rnj ,mIQn Op nf ms
mSn hn mnj rpe nho
n rdG s T{
o :p r p rdGhn p nr rdpH m pg nW un rdG npe osnnJ m SQr On nhs nCG o co r nj oGn nj n osfGE p
msjp bn m
p V
n rn pH nudG
u rp renCG soK .Gnngn ppen n pH ppnbr Qn nYn rnVB
r Ghn p VQr nCG nYn or
r nCGhn
pr
p rdG nYn
n rdG
n r nf s poJ rnCG n r Hn hn .pjpQrn dG ndEGp pjpQrn dG
n pe p
n n rdG p r nd pa gn Qr u en hn
r pbr nCG pho
r TBr an n
u rdG n n
r nd r s n nJ s oK p rn rdGhn Qp r dG
s p Yn o rr
o cBan
n rZn an GnPEp an .m pcn mnprfBGhn xnCnJ pa n M
p Gs
r pe
n M
n rdG p n er nCcn o n rHn
s To hn
n ho
n rdG
r uYn
n pdPn
r pe
n o rnJ hr nCG ,An n er nCG
s n nJ rnCG phOo
.zT
n r nrdG
.o nrpe Qn U
s n
n b r n nd
n rnCG ndEGp Gk pg nW s n rdG o pgn jo mGn n Sn t pdG
.pr pdEGp o oJn r Tn
r s n Tr Gm :n
r sdG
o r udG n p bn
(jdG dG Y)
90
q dG Iqce
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
:
s s dG
o pdYn oCG
.mpg nW un rdG pIQn n ne nYn n p pH tpnSr nCG p rnnjpbn
u sdG npe op
r nSr nCG `1
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
p n rdG
.n o o cr nCGhn n sdGs dG
n pFGn n rdG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG :pV
n rdGhn V
n r Hn
u s dG oGn M
r nCG t n r nJ `2
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?pp n Yn An n rKnCG Gk pg nW s n rdG
o es nCn jn s pdG
s
r nn L
n u dG
o n Sr nCG n pg en `3.
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p hn n an U
p nn rdG Oo u nMoCG soK ooLp
.n pJnU
o r n rdG n U
r nSr nCG :w p U
r hn l nrne
u sdG pa `4
...................................................................:UdG G
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.......................................................JUh aUG UdG
...................................................................................
.mn pFnb p rTn pa k nsJn oe n oLp
r nSr nCG .QoGs nrdG n pH oonj udG p n Yr nCpd lpbOn l cr Pp
u sdG pa ` CG `5.
......................................`6
..................................... `7
..................................... `8
..................................... `9
.................................... `10
..................................... `1
..................................... `2
..................................... `3
..................................... `4
..................................... `5
?GnPn pd ?ppJr s dG Gngn o p rnJ

o p r jo
r gn `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
91
q dG Iqce
SOdG IMdG
IAGdG
q J jq OS Uf CGbCG
q LJ We
````q HdG
?QGp s nG
o k m r kJ n pH
r Fn pHo u dG o ndG
u n pg en ` CG `
...................................................................................
p o Yp oCG `
.Qn Op
n n pH kFpn r eo pn p r s dG pp gn n nZn U
......................................`6
..................................... `7
..................................... `8
..................................... `9
.................................... `10
..................................... `1
..................................... `2
..................................... `3
..................................... `4
..................................... `5
?pn Yr nCG pp gn uopH oonj l pg nW tn rdG nnc nrjnCG `7

...................................................................................
...................................................................................
?GnPn pd ?ppJQn n
r en pa p n Yr nCG pp gn p rp pH n r n rdG Qo Gs
n rdG o ojn
r gn `8
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p rdG n n r pe phGs dG n sn nJ
?p tn s pd k n panc n n jp sdG pp gn in nJ
r gn ?nIQn Gn
n r cn `9
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
en :
n jpQGs
n rdG
n r Hn p
n Hnen in nJ
n r cn :pn udG pan nnfhn p n n rdG pan nnf
n r Hn l pg nW t n rdG n n L
n `10
?podG
t Gngn pa nojCrGQn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
92
SG Gqce
nqdG YGb
.QG Anr SCG e IqdG ASCG qneCG
q SSCG IqcG
Gjeh GOq qKdG dG q UCG
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n eo An n Sr nCpH n n pJBG
.pQn dG
t
n
r nJ n o o cr CG n an p r en hCr G mIn p nf mn S
n n
o `rdG
o p cr oCG ` 1
..................n en en CG
r nJ
o jpn nr J Ro
o n `rdG
r nfnc ` CG
r q en en n r Yp ..................
n
p Qn ...................gn Qp r U
r bs n an k V
n ndEG t n
o Jhn k n pdHn ....................
o n rnJ lIn p an
.n pdp r en ndEG n r Yn On hn n pd
n pd
....................n r nYn
r s U
n hn ....................t oCG
r s Yn CG ,o r tdG nM
n s `nd `
..................................n hl bo o p n r nJ
r n p Hn hn ...............................h
.phn r
n `rdG
n pe n u
n en pa pJBG
u s dG pa nIn son G
n Qp n n `rdG An n SCr G
o u U
n oCG ` 2
p b np rn `rdG o n rMCG Qn On nZ
pa n nJQr a k np nM op rnj kpbGhn oN
n nCG iCGQn n nnnH s `dhn .pnpan`rdG n snne Gk Un
:o n rMCG oQn On nan .kjp nW onsbn h prndEG os V
n nCan .ppf
n rMnCG
n hn on nM o n N
?
n pfoJ rpe pd nrjn Tn GnPne `
.nnp n`rdG onr nJ nen rYp in nSn `
(G ,q Y G Y)
.phn r
n `rdG pa n o u U
n oCGhn
n Qp n n `rdG An n Sr nCG pJBG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n SCr G ` 3
pan VE
l nYn l SG
`rdCpH
r
l s n eo l SG
r
n pH
l q n eo l SG
r
........................... ........................... ...........................
........................... ........................... ...........................
p pa mIn pcn mIn r
p pH o s n n jn n n M
pGnn gn ndEG Gk pcn n pn r jn rCG nYn n s n
n n M
r CG N
o nCG nnc
n a en r n `rdG pSG
p BG ndEG oner n pH nsn nnj rCGh ppFnneRo
pr
p npH p rojhn nngo hn ngo p nJr nj nnc r n an .pnnHno `rdG pa m nrnd p N
p n o `rdG p Gn br CG nrnH
prnen bn hn prjn nj pa ncs Qn n sfCna t o nJ nIn o`rdG oo rnj nan .m nLhn hCr G mr N
n nhOo np L
.oner ne p N
o Oo rpe n p rnehn pIn o`rdG pnprd
k Wp nrpe
(q H ,hQdG Sj)
m SG
r ndEG pan VE
n pH
l s n eo l SG
r m SG
r ndEG pan VE
n pH
l s n eo l SG
r
m
m nYn
`rdCpH q n oe
ndEG pan VE
n pH
l s n eo l SG
r
p
m V
n
........................... ........................... ...........................

........................... ........................... ...........................
94
.QG An r SCG e Iq dG ASCG q en CG
q SSCG IqcG
Gjeh GOq q KdG dG q UCG
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
.
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp oCGhn (`rdCG)`pH k an s n eo pan VE
n pH n an s n o `rdG An n SCr G
o n L
r nCG ` 4
.z
n u dG n M
n CG
o jr CGn an p
r n `rdG n Wp Tn
o rnHn
n jpnrdG ...
n jpnrdG{ :Op n jo hn pp pHUC
n pH Ap n `rdG ndEG o p jo p L
s M
n o Yo n
r jn
o r n `rdGh
n r n `rdG
o Qp
n jo pn pJn `rdG p
r n rdG p Gn er CG
n r Hn
l L
o Qn GnPEa GhQo TCn G or M
n
t n n dna
.o o Yp Sn
s cn
(q H ,WG)
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p no `rdG n p dG
.(x nL o V)
n hCr G (mn
r f o p V)
n onrnJ oocr nCGhn nS
s p Gn n rdG pa oocr CG ` 5
,knjRp Gn noe mGn nna ......`pa o p rnj p nKho rn `rdG p VQr CG nYn ........`pnan rp pH wp oe ohr s dG
oornJ p
r sdG ojp nW luSp .......pnj pahn mIn ran ndEG mIn ran rpe ........`ò nrnJ ......ònLhr Rn hn
pGn tdG npe mnr nH ......o o rnJhn Ap npHtdG npe msnM .......`pa per nJ soK kIn p U
n Gk n oM ........`pH
........pjn pa p qdG p udG
u p SCGn pH .....`r nYn .....Ot o nJ
(eGg ,f Fe)
:phn r
n `rdG
n pe n u
n en pa n o V
n nCGh pJBG
u q dG pa nIOn Qp Grn dG n pFn dG
s o uSn oCG ` 6
n pHn dG
s o n
r nJ
r nfnc .m jpHn mns eo Am n pc pa l n er Oo n sfCc n p rTo pa l np n r eo o Hs dG
s o M
n sn `rdG
r nfnc
p Ghn mn pH n o
p n
s oK Ap n dG
r nJhn n r Yn GQn Pp
n r Hn
s ndEG in N
r oCG n n rdG o an r nJhn n ppfL nYn p rn nr J s Ko mIn M
.p r
n `rdpH n oHo r nJhn pen o`rdG nYn n pH pr oJ
(q H ,G ,SQdG e)
p s o `rdG p
o n
r s dG o pFn V
n
p n pH o n
p s o `rdG
p s o `rdG
m S
m r p pH o n
p s o `rdG u nG o pFn V
n
n
p s o `rdG
p s o `rdG
x L
m Sp
n p p p
n H o n
r H o n
.................... .................... .................... ....................

p jn en o u nZCGhn p n rWCH zpQ{ V
.o o rnJ
o
o u Yn oCG ` 7
r nN
n On
r nnr n SG
r s `dhn .p n dG
s s M
n m p Yn m nr f pa
r snZhn p jpdG
s nYn
r On s n nJhn n an r o`rdG o Qp
o H
r s M
n CG
n sn nJhn Oo r n rdG n n U
n nCan n n nJ rCG
n r bn pan r ordG nIn panf
n p roJ rCG
r n np f r n nd ...mr V
o hn m Gn p
.o nct dG n r pe
(q H ,dG cR ,dG EG)
95
q SSCG IqcG
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.l s n eo n go n pH k p n r eo pn pJBG pIn r n rdG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG ` 8
n ndn an n p penfCH o n pL
r nf
n hn r n an prnrdG n
r nf gn n jn n rSn
r s en
n
t n nJhn o SCn GQn
t
o nJ
r nn
n an gn n
.o njr Pn
o u
n jo n gr hn n r pe pGn pbr G pa
.(q H AHc IOZ ,GjR Lr L)
....................................prn`rdG n
o n n rdG ................
r nf ...........
...................................................................................
...............................p r n rnrdG n
r nf .............n rSn hn o n pfGQn ..............
...................................................................................
.........................pnp rdG n
r nf ..........................Oo nhr nCG............
...................................................................................
r pe s en .pn dp
u H Gk Tp r n r eo pfsdG p r p dG
r Yn k pgnf p hs nCG p r p `rdpH Gk peBG pn pJBG pnr
o `rdG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG ` 9
.gn Qp n pK ndEG o n jn s en hn pIn
n dG
s p
r nJ
.gn Qp n pK ndEG pn jn .................hn pIn
n dG
s p
r nJ
r pe ..............
.gn Qp n pK ndEG r ojn pjr nCG ..............hn pIn
r pe ..............
n dG
s p
r nJ
.gn Qp n pK ndEG nn nj .................hn pIn ndG
s prnJ rpe ..............
.gn Qp n pK ndEG
s ojn pjr nCG ..............hn pIn
n dG
s p
r nJ
r pe ..............
.gn Qp n pK ndEG n orjn jn ..............hn pIn
n dG
s p
r nJ
r pe ..............
96
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en Gk u neo p jn en n Hn n pc o Yp oCGh (`dG) pjpr s dG nIGOn CG

.o o rnJ
o
o p M
r nCG ` 1
nn er Ghn n jp
n n SCr an ns dG s pn`rdG On Gn
n `rdG l p Sn Qn n N
r G
n `rdG nr dG
s Qn n N
r CGhn o n
n `rdCGhn o L
p
rCG nhOo pnjp`r
n M
n dG npe oo
r nj onLdG
u on
n rHCG nr bhn .pnjp sdG pnrMdG
u pa ngnn Phn onf
p jn
.o r
n jr CG ndEG Goap r jn
(JH S)
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.kan p r en nnc GnPEG () hn kIn np f nnc GnPEG () p sn `r
o dG p SEr G
n n
r J
o ro cCG ` 2
lIn
n O
n Tn p n`r
n dG
n pdnP pa nnchn h
o s dG
s o Ho n r jn pr dG
s o pnc lnen m VQr nCpH nnc so fCG Go Yn Rn
Pr EG ppcr hn pa lpbS m r jn Gn
n P n go n n r nn a .mGon Z ro chn
n pa pGQn hr CnG o s rn eo pr
n ZCG oIn pnc
nYn kpr eo
k Yn ppjn pahn nl n Tn pp pJYn nYn p `r`r
n dG Ap u Sn p nr `r
n dG p
n bn Om s p
n H n
o Hn
hCr G p nLCG seEG pn`r
n dG Gngn ndEG n oLdG
s Gngn nSn nr nd{ :nbhn oGon `rdG orpe n Yop an .Ip n ndG
s
.o n
r jn GnPe n orfCG s M
n pfnen
s n o rKCan pr nZ
o L
n CG
(eOh c ,qG HG)
p nrnj ne nn nM pS
p n`r
:ondG
u p
o dGp Gnn rdG pa k an p r ne hCr G kIn np f n npJBG nAn SCr G oorcCG ` 3
l U
n
o ao /Gk r Tn /kIn pcrJn
pIn Yn
p b pa
o r nbnCGh .............
o r nn br a p n
s p d n s
n nJnCGhn nC s n nJCG rCG s Ho n ncn
.oepn RsdG ................ns Yn in
r o pd ............pnp rfG
Oq dG
q / n r u dG /jpnrdG /en n
n `rdG :n pHn Yr EG n en nYn
o u Yn CGh kIn p nf n n pJBG An n Sr nCG
o p r n SCr G ` 4
.nr s dG / Yn dG
s /
r CGn an
n n r n pd
r ndn n a .........
r
n n `nd
r s n an pn ndG nYn
r an n TCr G r bn ..........
.........n nr dEGp
97
.QG Anr SCG e IqdG ASCG qneCG
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
gn n
r nf
n s n
n a n en n n rdG n Hr Cna.........
n n rbCG s M
n pen s dG
n pe ..........s o nJ r ndhn
p jn r nd o s p dhn n s pbo r o `rdG
en n r Yp hn .pp Lp
n p ro pd n pan`rdG
n br rn dG r
r Q
r pe o nr dG
s o r
s Yn nr an Qn s dG
.G
k p Hn
r Q
n nW nr b e
n n `r
n dG n
r fnc n r
n fG
p n o `rdG n p dG
.
n S
s
o p r n SCr Ghk Qp Gn rs dG pr M
n n r Hn
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp CG ` 5
r s U
n hn p p dG
s p pbOn
r pe Gk jpnK t CG
r s Yn CG
r n V
n hn hn pn `r
n dG
n pe mn
n r pe pa jp
n s dG
o n rWCG
n n
n na Qo
n o rdG n r pe o Yn n jn p o`rdG n en CG p VQr CG nYn p
n
n rdG n n
n r pe
.m n
n nd pa pn
n rdG n n
n r pe GoZn ar nCGhn
(H
,f M)
q
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.....................o pFn V
n s Yn
n n nr a k H
n
o r en Ak n SCr G n ro n r n SG
r pqdG o pFn dG
s
r V
..............n no Xp nn a ,..............`pH n ro n r n SG
r pqdG p
r dG
s o pFn V
n n
r s
n JG
p
.n
s rfG ,s
n n nJ ,n
s c ,Os n SG
r ,
n ns b ,s n TG
r ,On Os nn J :
n Y
n `r
o dG
n r rp dG o uSCn G ` 6
p jn en o nu ZCGhn
:o r
o nJ
o
n up non G ndEG nIn sn `r
o dG
n rn aCG o pSCG ` 7
o r n M
s aCG rCG r p n SCr G nr d u p ndhn n ndG

o s n nn J mIQ
s M
n mL
n r pn H
r Can n Snp sdG pp gn o
s r
o bs On
p p en
p c ap
?
o n ar CG GnPen ,pndEG jn .
l p n reo o sfEG ,pL
r hn os
n nJCG p jn
o Or n en .p r L
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p jn en o u nZoCGhn p en pJn N
:o o rnJ
o
r GE hn rp f
r Yn s oK rp nf
r Yn p jn n pH os
n nJCG ` 8
.m L
n hn pa nn M
n en n r nYn n
s bhn m obnpn H pnr Lp
r Q s L
n os K kp bn On Os n an n n HGr Ct G
r On
n f
98
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
............................................................``na ueoCG prJOn nf

.............................................................``na eu oCG rn JOn
n f
:p jr n ndnn a ,Gk ndnn a ,k r pH
o Wp NCG ` 9
.Gv L
n n nr Lp
r Q t n
o J
r Q
n U
n hn Op r rn dG pIn nr pH
r s MC
n Ghn n r dG
s oInn rdG s
r nn a o
o tdG r p n r nJ r nd
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
p
(Os Q)
n p nr r rp dG kp r n r eo p U
n TCr G
n pe pIQ
n dG
t pa o n rjn
r en
o W
n jo r
n udG
o n LC
r G ` 10
.pdGn s dG nYn (
s en )h
?n pH
o QCr G
n sp dG .........nr dCG .pJon c pd.........L
?pn H
n p sdG .........nr dCG .pJon c pd.........L
o QCr G
?n pH
n p sdG .........r ndCG .pJn co pd.........L
o Qr CG
?n pH
n p sdG ..........r ndCG .pJn co pd........L
o Qr CG
?n pH
o Qr CG
n p sdG .........r ndCG .pJn co pd.........L
99
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn (`dG) pjpr s dG nIGOn nCG o jpRnCG hn pn pJnG m n oG

.o o p rnJ
o
n pe mnr L
o
u co n Hn n pc o Yp oCG ` 1
o njr Pn t o jn n gr hn r
r n bn hn ` CG
l cn n p r ndEGp
n n Sr nCan .lInCGn er Ghn l L
o Qn n r pe
n n nfhn mn jpM
n n en nCG Il Qn sSn
.m n n pH
...............................................................................
nBG :ps
n rd nnbhn kAne orpe nSn nCan ppnpH prnYn nnV
n hn p VQr nCG npe Gk nnM onr p dG nn nrdGp `
nYn nbnn Jhn p n sdG pnr pH l pFSn n r pe
o nYn os nG nnn
n a .p rpe
r n ar G ,
n Qo hr On An L
n
n n
n an m n r L
.p VQr nCG
(H ,SdG qG)
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p r L
r bn hn p n s n n jn p jr n N
n U
n hn `
n Gn p r bn nr Yp iCnGn an m n L
n
n ap Im Qn nen ndEGp m nr Yp n en os nG
.m ropH n go s
n n o en en nCG n V
n hn
n an jv p r en kaho N
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p nj ne o unZoCGhn kIn p nf nIn son G nQp n nG nAn Sr nCG on rLnCG ` 2
:oo p rnJ o
o n en
r
r nfnc p sdG p n p nG
n ep nHn o rfnCG
n n N
r nCG p jr n jn
n r Hn
n oen s nan ,p ep nCG nYn or udG nPn rCn SG
p Ghn nV
E p G per nj nn nLhn p VQr CG pa kIn M
n hn
tco on nan ,kIn rHEGp kIn rHEGp n nH
n hn soK p nHEG npe n pH ne sU
o An ncPn
o nl G pIn Hr Ep G p r Yn pa mIn Hr GE p
n p
r jn rnCG o
n n
n fhn nIn pFnG o penCG o nYr nCan p VQr nCG pa pYn V
.p Ss dG o p jo en pa
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
100
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
eCGh QGh VG
````q HdG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
p n oG n Sr Ep G pIQn dG
:
n S
t nnen
o o cr nCG ` 3
p Gk p an koLQn Oo sdG
op r nj ronj rndhn .Gv L
s psdG o rYn nnc
..............................................n r nZ
1
pa oo pnan ................npe .............n pH Oo n

r nj
3
o
o rnj p sdG .............``pH pnr njhn ..............
pr nYn
5
4
..............h.................
hn n go ppH
n
o n r jn en
7
(q H ,dG dG Yh dG dG Y ,dG enc)

p n oG n p dG
.nGn n dG
o p cr oCG s oK
n S
s
o p r n Sr nCGhn Qp Gn rq dBG pr M
n r Hn
u q dBG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG ` 4
sEGp .npKnqdG pa wTn kcho rne nfQn nL snCcn pnro`rdG
t p bn kcho rne nfQn nL sp nd lrTn lho rne nfQo nL
p
.o Yn Qr Rn o
n
r jn hr CnG ,o V
n Qr CnG oo
r jn hr CnG ,o en n rZCnG Yr jn n r an :CoGr jn n kcho r en nfQn L
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
........................o pFn V
n n r an ,kHn
o r en Ak n Sr nCG n o rn r n Sr Gp psdG o pFn dG
s
r V
n s Yn
...............n on Xp nn a ,.................`p H n orn r nSG
r psdG p
r sdG o pFn V
n rns
n JGp
101
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n oG n p dG
.
n S
s kp r n r eo
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp oCGhn Qn Gn ru dG
o p M
r nCG `5
u oC
o CnG
l pdU
n hn o r pg
r L
n n N
n
n nnG n n
r n pd pIQn ph
n oG pHn ndG n
r nf n
n sJG hn p pr nG
n pe m r pg N
.m n U
n
s co m pdU
n hn mr pg pIOn n cn m pdU
n hn mr pg
...............................................................................
.......................o Fp n V
n n r an ,kIQn ho
r en Ak n Sr CnG n o rn r n Sr Gp p qdG o Fp n dG
s
r V
n s Yn
...................n o n Xp nn a,................pn o rn r n Sr Gp psdG u nG o pFn V
n
r ns
n JGp
:pJnG
u s dG pa
n Yn o
n G
n r p dG o uSn CoG `6
p n an
.mYn r po H
t o n an o pan r jn s tK
o bs n n jn pprn pH
o r udG
t
o p
r jn
u dH
u GnPEGp hn
o Yn dG
s
r ndGnn J
.nrnG
o s nnnJ oopenfnCG rn N
n nCGh .
u dG
u r
s Yn r bn o nn dG
s n pggn
(#" g qdG)
:phn r nG
n pe n u
n en pa
u s dG pa nIn son G
n n ar nCG o V
n nCG `7
p
o nnG
n n L
r Gp
tp nJ peu oCG ndEG n p n j
r rnCG
l pdU
n
r q
n n jn r nan p p dG
s o r N
o s Yn hn
o n sdG ns an n n G
Ap n
t n o an o
n n pH n un jo hn ppJjn n cr Pp
r pe o r
n nf unjo n n
n dG nYn n pH
r n dG n n n
n a Qm Gn r pSr p H
n p rnj rnCG nQs bn hn oSn rCan n N
n nCGhn p prnG ndEGp Gk pFYn nn Sr nCGh
n n nf soK p nes dG npe kIs oe npdPn nYn
s nXh
p nYn Gk r pH
or
n nf nu nojhn onN
r oCG nro njhn pueoCG EGp nIn p dG
s nsjCG n p opd usG Op GdG
n ps V
.n n s dp hDo r en
(q H ,hGG OTQ eo )
o Yn o
n G
o r p dG
pb`s dG
o r p dG
l jpen pKnoK
Ol s
n eo pKnoK
l jpen pKnoK
Ol s
n eo pKnoK
.................... .................... .................... ....................

102
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
qdG YGb SG
````q HdG
:(n o N
r oCGh o Hn o
r en ) `p `H (oHn o
r en ) V
o u Yn oCG ` 8
p n dG t p o an
n en nCG
o p
r nJ s oK n r oG o n n
r Jhn
n
n rpJ hCr G Qp Gs dG pp n pH t on an pjn r n dG p gr CnpH o Hn o
r en t o nJ
p f o r pe gn Ot p n nr J s oK Qp s dG ndEGp nIn jpn or G n np dG
.k
n Vn
o p r n an pr o dG
(H ,VQCG HG ,M W)
..........................................................................................
.o o p rnJ p n r jn en mIs en
u co pa o u nZoCGh pn n dG
n pe k Yo
r en s oK p r n r pH s oK k r pH
o Wp N
n oCG ` 9
p EGp o n nr pe s n
.ppr nG n
n hn Gv Tn pp r L
n a Op r n dH Ro
o n dG
s M
n nCG
r nf noG sM
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
103
.QG ASCG e IdG ASCG qeCG
q dG Iqce
Gjeh GOq q K dG dG q UCG
.eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n o `rdG p Gn n dG pa kIn p nf hr nCG k an p r en n n pJBG An n Sr nCG

.pS
o o cr nCG `1
l nr nK
l r U/
n
o r dG/o
s In
n dG/l
s In
n T/
n
o r sdG/
l r nW/
o n r sdG/
pn o
Yn
r b nYn
o ju dG
r s gn n sco h.............n
n
l sn eo ............n pa k n L
n nCG............nJnCG
.............L
s n n an l p Yn .........n nd o n r o an ............
r Hn n n
n a n r cn s M
n ...........
n rpJ
pIn rnHn pr
p nf pa
n n jr nCan .k
r V
n o n L
n hn o nJnCG s nan ...............p p Yn
r pe n p Sn en p L
r nCpd o n
r nf
.os Tn s M
n o
n ndn an ,p
r sdGhn p
r dG
s
(eOh c ,qG HG)
.
q G dG dG :LCG
p b n
nne ubn nCG nYn kIn p nf k nKnnKhn k an p r ne nAn Sr nCG n nKnnK pa op nSr nCG Gk n
v f oocr nCGhn n n r n `rdG osenCnJnCG `2
.p sdG p rdG
s
.........................................................
.........................................................
.........................................................
.........................................................
.........................................................
.........................................................
p b n
t co r uSn s oK n nKOp
n rdG ppa phr nJ Gk n
v f
r o cr Go .o oes nCn nJ
n r bn nn a ,pp n n pH o ojn kpeYn
n jr nCGQn `3
.onrn r nSBr G mn
r f p p V
n
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p nJ pscOo pa
.podG
t
n r Hn S
s n rfBan w pU
n An L
n kInC
r an hn .
n Qn hr On o p n r nJ Ap nan
o rdpH xn reo m L
n r co `4
.o n rn r n SG
r x L
n p p V
n
s co r uSn hn n nKOp nG o
s b
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
104
.QG ASCG e IdG ASCG q eCG
q dG Iqce
Gjeh GOq q K dG dG q UCG
.eCGh QGh VG
hCG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n oG p pFn dG
.pn S
s ps p Hn ndEGp p er nCG
n r pa Gk pr eo pn pJBG pnr
o `rdG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG `5
p nCG
p n pd
p oJ en
s M
n r
t
n p r npd
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.pnpen rdG npe mYn n nL rYn soK p s o rdG npe mYn n nL rYn kKu nnoe pJBG
.p rnrpd t p nr njhn onn rN
n t p ojhn nnMu dG ppa tonjhn p rn`rdG Gnn nH op rnSn
(q H ,OVh Qf ,b gdG)
....................................................................................................................................................................pp n pH n n p dG pr ndEGp
p Gnn pH
o o rjn hn p nG
u
n n `rdG pa o n r Yp
o n r jn x pU
n ndEGp o L
s n n jn s pJYn dG
s
o n L
r nCG `7
:pn Yr nCG
p Ghn Gk M
p Ghn n n snfhn gn An Gn L
o n jn s en hn n ns oG
n ndsr dG
n n
r n SG
r s oK Gk M
r nCG
n sn an n Yn dG
s t pJYn dG
s s Tn
.Gk jpnL kndnr d orpe nn N
r nCan us dG nYn m p U
n mho rU
o n rnf
(q H ,fTW O)
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.o o p rnJ p n r jn en o u nZoCGhn p r s pdp
s H p pHdG
s p jpr s dG pa (t pdG)
s V
o u Yn oCG `8
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.o o p rnJ p n r jn en o u nZoCGhn p n rWnCpH p pHdG
s p jpr s dG pa (t pdG)
s V
o u Yn oCG `9
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
105
q SSCG IqcG
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n o rdG pndG
p n o rdG p p dG
.pn
u pd pn S
u pa pS
s ndEGp Gk n r eo p r Sn nr b
n r Hn On Qp Grn dG
n r p rdG
o n L
r nCG `1
p nf oCr jn hn * oIn
.
n r
n rdG
s n nd ......... (M)```na
n GQn nCG
r ```````n `ènCG
o ````n U
.
r p n r o rdG prbn nYn ..... (M) h *
l Gn`p ```Y Ol hQo ho pQr p
n H ..... ()hn
(HdG SdG HCG)
.
o o dG
t ...... (TG) n n pH
o jn u dG ...... (iL) * o co Qp r jo Ao r n rdG ..... (s n nJ) en
t co e *
.p r n rKBG p jr n ndhn
r Yn kKu
n n eo pJBG
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG `2
p hn .
s p pQdG
s pa peGQn n ne
rYn scn p prn rdG npe nfOn n nM
k pbGQn Gk p U
n Qo p
r oj n gr hn p udG
pa nn U
s
n hn m n an hn mr N
n pa p prn rdG n rnf ho r nj nn Sr nCG soK ona nnan hn kICnran onrYn rbn n nH .p p dG
.z?pn
r npH rorn an GnPne ,pn
r nf{ : p s o rdG
(q H 193 U ,1998 HdG c ,iDhQh GUCG ,qHdG dG)
q
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p n r eo o n M
p nan
:Gk r
r nCG ppH
n
n en hn o n n
r pe
n n M
n hn
n n rnG l pdSn Qn On nZ
?
n p sdG
n cr n nJ GnPn pd `
.o n r Sn
n UG
n hn hn Qm o o pH pr n pcn s gn s oK ,Os o jn r ndhn
n n n rdBan
:kpFnb on bn r nSBr Ghn onAGQn hn o n rMCG in nL
?in N
r oCG k nr pd nn rnf rnCG Ot nn J rgn `
(q H 62 U ,1998 HdG c ,iDhQh GUCG ,qHdG dG)
q
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
106
q SSCG IqcG
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pn n dG
n pe k Yn o
r n an p r n r pan k r H
o Wp N
n oCG `4
p n pd pn nr J rnCG pndhn jn q sn nJ
n o n r jn k r Tn
n r
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................pn S
p n oG p Fn dG
s ps p Hn ndEGp p jn en o pSr oCG `5
?p r nJ nrjnCG op r nJ nnCG .p reGp ..p reGp
(7 U ,25 OY b ,dG ,G ShdG )
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................pHn o rnG p pFn dG
s ndEGp o pSr oCG `6
p n ran pr dG
.zAp n dG
u An n rKnCG s
s An n rKnCG ornf s co {
(M W)
.............................................................................
n c `
.............................................................................pc `
.............................................................................n orco `
..............................................................................c `
..............................................................................sorco `
.
n Yp nrdG o uSn oCG s oK ,ms p r pa m n L
o ppcr nJ pa pn pJBG pfn npH
o p n Sr nCG `7
.....................................................................................................................-
107
oseoCG nn rdG oIGOn noe `

psr
n G ndEGp V
n r n rdG nnprfEGp `
m r of pa nn roG Oo np rfGp `
q SSCG IqcG
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.ppH
n o r nG o uSn oCG s oK ,ms p r pa m n L
o p n Sr nCG `8
.....................................................................................................................-
Hn t dG pnrp rdG osnn J

p rdG
p r nYn in n r o rdG Vn
o r
n fEGp
M
n r
n rdG pp sdG o
n ndn eo
ihn rCne rYn p snG ornHhn p nnG ohn of `

....................................... ndG
s pa m nr pH pYp sdG o nHU
n EGp `
.......................................j rnCG nhOo p sdG
t npe p pen dG ooSo `
.......................................- n n o
.ikPnCpH
.u nG
n cs n eo o uSn oCG s oK ,ms p r pa m n L
o p n Sr nCG `9
.o onM
r nCGhn
n n r pSr p G Gngn
o p cr oCG `10
............h............
h.............
n
n
o en nYn (`dG)`pH ps n oG Qp r
o nG p Sr p G nYn o n rnJ n
p nj ne o unZoCGhn kIn p nf n npJBG nIQn r

:oo p rnJ o
o nG nAn Sr nCG on rLnCG `11
ppnpH o njp sdG
n n `rdGnh ,n N
n BG ndEGp mpfnL rpe ppH ho r nj n gr hn nHt dG ndEGp p nndG np bn nn dG oo nj
p jn en n pH o n
.p p n `rdG
r Yn pr Sn pa o
r jn pIn p dG
s
(QhS hK)
ppH ho jn n gr hn l s pHnZ
o o jn ............
o jr nCGQn
l Gn r
n To gn n ro nJ ............ndEGp p n n`rdG n p bn
p jn en n pH o n
.p p n dG
r Yn pgp r Sn pa o
r jn .................pIn p dG
s ppn pHhn ,n N
n BG ndEGp mpfL
n
r pe
108
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.mQ nWEGp pa
n pbs dG
n r p dG o V
n nCG `1
,n p N
n ,
n en ,n Sn ,n
n f ,nn d ,n Hn ,
n p jn ,n S,n
n M
n ,n
n b ,en Qn ,
n gn hn ,
n en ,n en
.n pna
p H hr nCG o r pe
p G
p Qn
n o `rdG pnp
s o TG
r udG p Sr p pH Vn
n r p dG mYn o
r en
u co pa oHo Qr nCG ` CG `2
.o r ep
o npdsdG o Y
n o n
r G
n pnr J
p r nJ
n r V
n nr J
p
n rnJ
o n pfsdG o Y
n o n
r G
p r jn
n Hn
n nW ip
r jn

ofr jn
n en
p Qn
n V
ofr jn
nfOn

n en
nfQn
in L
n
ndhoCG o Y
n o n
r G
l r Sn
lIn Yr On
l n r pe
irn dG
s
Yn On
n Sn
n en
nTn
:pJBG p hn r nG pa pnsdG pYn o n

r G
n rn anCG
o u U
n oCG `
t pFn dG
o pbs dG
t phGdG
n
o pbs dG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
.o o p rnJ p n r jn en o u nZoCGhn mIs en

u co pa
l o ren n go n pH
n pcGq dG V
o u Yn oCG `3
p hn ,GQk Yo r en pn p dG
n sfnCG n p Yn
n M
s Ap L
n Qr nCG pa mIj
n pTn mL
s Qn nYn k nnr d
o pcGdG
s nn r n Sr Gp
p rfEp G ppQnb pa orn nf neQn hn n nfrCTn hn n cn n nJ p rs dG npe m nnpH rn nnJQBr G
.Pn
109
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
................................................on pcGq dG..............................................................................................

...............................................pn pcGs dG..............................................................................................
...............................................pn n pcGs dG..............................................................................................
...............................................no pcGs dG..............................................................................................
..............................................
o n pcGq dG..............................................................................................
. ppn sdpH os K p r n pn sdpH os K p r pn sdpH os K ppn sdpH p
n sdG V
o u Yn oCG `4
o
n p jpnG n n
r f n nn a n an or dG p
o sdG
n N
n On
n r nf
s
n an pppf
n pH n
n L
n o r pe nfOn GnPEGp s M
.o Qn r U
n
n nn bhn
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................p b) V
.(o
n jpN
n )`pH (l Sn
o u Yn oCG `5
p b nnc
r pe orjn r np an
n U
n rEGp hn ,pQn s dG p
n n r eo n r Hn sEGp
o
r jn n nnchn kp Yn l Sn
.mjpnL
110
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
...........................................................................
.p jr n ndhn
o Wp N
n oCG `6
p dp
.p r
s H nn bhn en n pd pMB
r Ghn
n r Yn u
r N
n ,Ap ndG
o
r Yn pndhn jn o
s c
...........................................................................
.
n up non G ndEGp o pSr oCG `7
p r
p pjn n cr Pp n ncr nCG
Qp GOn pa gn GQn nCG
o r co psdG po odG n nfGn N
n fnCG r nd ps np dhn pnU
o np f r n nd
.n pa en Qp Or nCG r nd psfnCG
o r cn Pn n sco p r n dG ndEGp o s
n nJnCG
o rdRp en hn u Yn
(H ,G )
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
:mQr
o en m SG
r o
s c Qm nWEGp pa
o n L
r nCG ` CG `8
/nr bn /nbr nZ/V
n r en /nYn /iQn T/n
o dEGp /in r Ho /
n n dG/n dG/n
u o dG/n t dG/in sdG/n n dG
.Yn On /en Q/
n n en
.
k p Sn krTn on oTr nCGhn kIn p nf Qm nWEGp pa n o r V
n hn dG
u nIQ
n r
o nG An n Sr nCG
o n L
r nCG `
...........................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
111
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
````q HdG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
pJBG
q s dG
n pbs dG
n r p dG o uSn oCG 1
pjr n jn
p dG
p jn r nan o r pe
n Hn nn an Vn
n EGp
n N
n n an r
o p nJr jn kn Yn
n n n rdG hn pp r n pH
n L
o
n V
n
p dG n r nYn
pn r jn hn o nd gn Yn r jn r cn kIRs ph
n jpr Yp o nd
n p r jn rnCG o n en nCGhn Vn
n n Tr nCan .o n er nCG o nd nTn hn
.k nSnp oe kIn rLoCG o nYr nCGhn .pIn pFn rpd non
r J hn nn nr J snM n pH
.p hn r nG
n pe pu
n o o V
n nCGhn
n pbs dG
n r p dG o uSn oCG 2
.nrfG ,in n Yr G ,
n nn SG
r ,On nYr G ,Gn Yn ,iOn n ,s n n SG
r ,n
n b ,
n hnn nJ ,s Yn ,nQr G ,pn an r jn ,norr jn ,
r n
n fG ,nnr r jn ,
n p n r nJ ,ho nr J ,p
r jo ,p
r ,no o rnJ ,s n n jn UY KH je
r p dG
oofRr hn
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
jH je
r p dG
oofRr hn
..............
..............
..............
..............
H je
r p dG
oofRr hn
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
Oq
oofRr hn
r p dG
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.pHn o rnG p pFn dG

s
n EGp n n pJBG n nr oG o pSr oCG 3
.gn n N
r nCG n hn p
n HGnn dG rn fnCG nfnCG
...............prfnCG ...............r o rfCG ...............n orfCG ...............
n rfCG
...............sorfnCG ...............r go ...............n go ...............
o
r nf
...............
................n go ................n go
s go
................n pg
(
s go ) pn pFndG
n EGp s oK (
s rfnCG) pn Wp nG
n EGp pn pJBG pIn r p dpH An L
n en o pSr oCG 4
ueoCG rn nan m p nJr oe mr p
n nan mGn Tn hr nCG m n nW sco or Yp hn Sp rCGQn mIOs nM m nBpH or n Tn
n H or
.
n p sdG
r Yn r n SG
r hn penBG
n r Hn u Yn
r n s
n an p
r nf o n p r p G
112
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
............................................................................................................................................................
.zjn r en hn n
n jpN
n hn
n n jr Rn s oK n
n jpN
n hn
n n jr Rn s oK z
n n jr Rn {
o Wp N
n oCG `5
k npfnK Oo o nJhn n nJs nL oCr nan Op Qp nr G ndEGp njp sdG o nrnJ soK n nrnH o qnoan ,prn dG pa onrjRn op rnnr J
.(g M Y) .n n sdG o rnJhn
n nnG o nrnJ s oK k ndp nKhn
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.m rSn
u co pa Vp
n Yo n pH k p n r eo pn pJBG pnr oG n Hn n pc o Yp CoG `6
p
.pd n n p
r nJ rnCG n oJr L
n Qn hn pJs L
n n
r nf
o jr n
n an pIGn r p Ghn pFr u dG n jn nM
o np f
p N
p nCG...............`d n np r rnCG .......hn ....`pJs nL ........`n a pIGn r Ghn pFr u dG n njnM
p on rWnCG.............`d n np r rnCG .......hn ...`p Js nL n
r nf ....`n a pIGn r Ghn pFr u dG o njnM
.........`d n n p
r rnCG .......hn ...`p Js L
n n
r nf ....à IGdGh FdG jM
o n n dG..........`d CG ...h ....`p Js L
n n
r nf ....à IGGh FdG jM o
n jp N
n hn n rS....n
:pHn o rnG p pFn dG
s ndEGp mIs en
u co pa
n n ar nCG o pSr oCG `7
.o An GQn hn p
r jn o n M
r nCGhn ho r jn
o n nG
n GRn en
.........................................onjpN
n hn .............nbsdG ...........
.........................p n Yp Gs dGh ..........nn nG ...........
113
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
````q HdG
......................pn n Yp Gs dGh .............pn bn s dG ............................

p .............
.......................................oIYn t dGh .............
o n G
:phn r nG pa n o o cr nCGhn nIQn r
o nG An n Sr nCG
o p
r n Sr nCG `8
p nan ppHGn L
p rpe nn N
soK
k nMhn nL
r nCG r bn kan GnPEp an .go n rnf orjn nan p n rWnCG npe k r nL orjnCGQn
p n n dG n an Qn hn n n Yn hn
An r Tn n GnPEGhn
n
r nJ s ep iCnGr en nYn n V
n hn
n L
n n nf s oK kI
n M
n m
n r ap uco
p n n dG p V
p dG
p n rWEp G nYn n n
p L
r hn pa
o u n o an p p
r Sp ap
t n r jn o M
q n n dG
n GQn hn .
r nJ
.
o r bn
r pe s Tn CnG
n pgho r en mIs en
u co pa n cn o r pd n
n Ghn
(f Fe)
In p nf lIQn r
o en Al n Sr nCG
(`dG)`H l an s n eo lIQn r
o en Al n Sr nCG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
p jn en o u nZoCGhn k an s n eo pn pJBG p n oG pa nIOn Qp GdG

:o o p rnJ
o
n nIQn r
o nG An n Sr nCG
o n L
r nCG `9
(G ShdG q )
p in gr nCG.kIQn or ne kMQn kao
r ne tn dG t uG
...............................................................................
.pn rWCnG Ap Hn On Codp kn reo
o r
n M
n ...............................................................................
.v
n eo k p M
n k p L
n
o n nr f ...............................................................................
114
q dG Iqce
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n oG pndG
.pn
u pd pn S
u pa p Sn nr b
n r Hn On Qp GdG
n
n r p dG
o o cr nCG `1
(i L) l ndhn ........... ( V) nGnP ....... ( Y) Gn gn :p S s d pH lA o r ne oQp dG
q
( M) w oCG ,mR s Yo n Yn ........... ( e)
l r Tn ........(G Y)
l r pH ............
.......... (S) ........... (e) in N
r oCG ............ (nH) kr Wp ...........
.pso dG
n rpe kIrn M
o k nr Wp
(q H ,a gf ,G QY)
:phn r nG pa n o u U
n oCGhn nIOn s
n oG
n n ar nCG p jn en pa o uSn oCG ` CG `2
p oJ n n sfnCnan ,p jp sdG pa o p r nJhn prnJ o spdG
.p ju dpH nhn Op r ndpH
s rn n nrfGp
t
p U
l pdSn
l pbnf
l r pa
l Yn
n eo
l r pa
l
n
l r pa
........................... ........................... ...........................
(FY hH Q ,de Qg)
:Op nhr nCG
n pe mYn o
r en
r Yn s oK pn n rdG
n pe mYn o
r en
r Yn
n n Sn n pH os
n nJnCG `
....................................................................................................................................................................:pHn o rnG p pFn dG
s ndEGp pn pJBG p n oG
(q MCG) .m
n n pH lPp Dr eo
n o r n
n a ,Gk r N
n
r p nJQr Ghn
n Yn r V
n
n Qr Gh
n Yn Qr Rn p Sn
r a r bo
.H PDe po r n
n a GN ............h pYn r V.......................n
.H PDe n oo r n
n a GN...........h n oYn r V......................n
.H PDe r on r n
n a GN............h r oYn r V......................n
.H PDe
n
s on r n
n a GN...........h
s oYn r V.......................m:In p eo mnr L
p
p
p
p
o a m raQn
u
n en a n JBG Ap n Sr nCG
n pe m SBr G
s co
o n L
r nCG `3
.nbr nZ/Vr nG/n n rdG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
115
q dG Iqce
.eCGh QGh VG
.jdG SQCG
fdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
:mIn p eo mnr L
o pa mn
r f
u M
n pa pn pJBG Ap n Sr nCG
n pe m SG
r
s co
o n L
r nCG `5
in o dG/n nG/
n n dG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
:mIn p eo mnr L
o pa x L
n
u
n en pa pn pJBG Ap n Sr nCG
n pe m SG
r
s co
o n L
r nCG `6
n or G/n
n G/nr n r eo
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?6h 5h 4 p jpQn s dG
n pe
n pr n Sr nCG rnCG
o p r jo GnPen `7
:
o n r pSG
r
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
:mIn p eo m n L
o pa n op r n Sr nCGhn n n pJBG An n Sr nCG o n L
r nCG `8
oYn nr G/
o jpndG/jp
o nG/ojn r n dG
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................-
116
q SSCG IqcG
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n Yn
.phn r nG
n pe n pJs
n en pa o n nG n pa n s n nJ u dG p n oG n U
o o cr nCG `1
l jBG p or G pdhn
l ``p cr EG p
r n dG p an
l ````gn BG p Ss pd r cn hn
l ``````p r nJ p Ss pd r nan
(Le L)
oCGpnroG
ou n noG o nnG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
.p p r s dG
n n Sn
o u Hn oCGhn GE p n n r oG nYn o n nG n pa n s n nJ k nr L
o mIn r pa
u co
r pe
o p
r n Sr nCG `2
o en s bn hn mpgRn m n npH p pQGn dG
s pa
o n jo p pU
r Ep G p
r M
n pa m p U
n Qo npb ppjn pahn ppdGhn n r nYn
n N
n On ` CG
zr ndhn jn
r n rdBG r N
o { :
o ojn n gr hn x go o pH s ndEGp
(dG S ,G aJ)
.............................................................................:onr oG
........................................................................pr s dG
o n Sn
p n dG n r Yp osdG
.pIn L
t n r ndEGp oC
n rjn Ql n rfnCG pjpnG p VQr nCpH `
.............................................................................:on r oG
........................................................................pr s dG
o n Sn
p oe p
kS
r sdG p ShoDhQo rpe pS
n s
n rdG pfnZnCGhn p n nrdG pjprnJhn p orodG pr U
n hn p
r sdG pp npd `
(jN e)
.lnHr Yn
.............................................................................:onr oG
.......................................................................pr s dG
o n Sn
p pnp rfBG uN
.nofu n n eo lSn r ao gn Qp o oX nYn hn ,lIs p n r eo lIn u
n n eo Ol n L
n n en nCG ` O
.............................................................................:onr oG
........................................................................pr sdG onSn
.n u n n oG n n nG o uSn oCG ` CG `3
n nfnCG
l L
o Qn pQn jn
r Yn ,pIn p dG
s
r Qr jo o of p pFGn M
n in M
r EGp pa p n udG pan Qp Ghn mIn
n Tn
n
r nJ
l pdL
p rn dG n p an pahn p
p rfRp pp jn
r pe gn o jpoJ l nrYp SG
r dG
s oIn pcn p r n n dG
s o np nZ l s
r Yn hn pen nrdG
o jp nW
(f Fe)
.pN
n BG ppan nW ndEGp n pbr Tp pn nW
117
q SSCG IqcG
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.Gk jpL
n n
v f
o o cr nCGhn p pHdG
s
u s dG pa ppcr s dpH
o p n Sr nCG `
.....................................................
l pdL
n nfnCG
.................pp jn
r Yn hn ........................pQn jn
r Yn
........................pFGQn hn hn ........................peen nCGhn
p n nr J kn L
:po rn rpd
o
o
o prfoCGhn pn pJBG pfn npH
o p n Sr nCG `4
p f
p s dG o Sr Gp /p S
p s dG o n N
Yk oar en kIn p nf p S
l Sn
n u npH
l cs n eo /
pfn nG
o n oG
l pcn lne/
.......................................................o p dG
o pa
.......................................................n Yn /oIn ndG
s
w pFGn gn /prnG o rSn
..............................................................................................................- l es gn
l Ghn n nK/p VQr nCG
o Wp Hn
p Ghn
.......................................................l M
l pcGQn /onpanG
p o rn rdp
p n nr J kn L
:
o
o
o p rfCoGhn p n Jp BG fp n npH
o p n Sr CnG `5
p f
p s dG o Sr Gp /p S
p s dG o n N
E p pH
Hk
l cs n eo /
l Sn
o r en kIn p nf p S
n pan V
n
pfn nG
o n oG
l r oj/o r o rdG
.........................................................
lnr oK/o nnG Gngn
.........................................................
.........................................................
l n rN
n /oIn rHs dG nrpJ
p noe kn roe ko r ne pnudG nnne oocr nCG `6
.kS
m pFgn ............
n GnP
r n Yn nn an
o Gn er nCG
r Hn n nVB
r Ghn ,GmjpTn ........
o jn u dG
r n
n Yn m jn
.Gk jpTn .......n odM
n
r An Sn hn .......nYn p Tr nCG
r bn s en hn ,pn dG
u
n GnPhn p p n dG
n GnP pcn r npH
(OHdG Gee ,jdG IOM)
.pnp pH k p n r eo ppcrCs pd m n reo m o r n pH
o p cr oCG `7
.v nW V
n Qr nCG p rnJ o npanG
r nn br nCG
.r p pan cr nCG
o phn nGhn ..........o o
n rfnCG
o L
n u dG t
o jn `
n nr a
118
q SSCG IqcG
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
n o M
n Gn n jn hn ........nYo p r jo p n sdG nYn pjn r n dG p L
n Qp
r pe r p ndEGp s r
n fG
r en hn Qp Gs dG pa
r en
n n br nCG GnPEGp s M
n ........p
r rdGhn prsdpH o M
n Gn n jhn .......pjr nCpH no naGn n jn hn .......ppcn npH
p
.o Grn anCG
s bn pnG
n r M
n o Yn n nG
r Qn Gn n SG
r
r np Yn hn pjr nCG
r Hn n nVB
r Ghn o n L
r nCG
r s bn hn o nndG
(M W)
.p rndnp pH kp nr oe p r rpd hr nCG Op n n rpd m unoe m n roe m o r n pH op cr oCG `8
.p rnJQn hr On oAGs n dG Qn GOn .kjp nW GQk nprfG p snnG pa p paQn or nnrfGp .Ap n
n dG pa t pfGnn r ndG n n bn ...................................................................................
p dG
n s n nJhn n n s o dG n N
s
n n V
n n nCG s oK n
n bQn hn p r n n p nG pr nL
r Qp nYn
t t dG
n bn nn a ,p r sdG nYn o M
p G
.njs pr s dG n np dG n
r jn
n jpVn
n pe
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
......................................................................
n n dG
o br n nW ........................................................................
o o ro dG On s nZ .orpe soTBr G udG nr p dG m sn oe Qm n
r ne uco n r nH oocr nCG `9
p nd E p ppHnCnH l p Sn n
............n np
r nJnh p VQr nCG p ran nYn pIn p dG
s pSp rCn nH ..........pnfYn
p pF
p nJhn
n
n nM .............np pbr BGhn n pg n pe ..........pjprnJhn ........... n n r
.gn Qp
n Tr nCG ................p p r nJhn gn Hn Qo ............tnn Jhn
(WG d e)
p Gn pH en ...........Gn ar GE p hn p jpRnnG ...............
p p r nJ pa nr nd
r pe n p N
r nn n rfGp `
mbs Op pa mnfho nM
r nCG
n nrn fBGhn ,m pcn m ropH mGn oJ
n
u co pr oK nYn mn jr Qn ho ..............jn p r n pH o n M
.mnp L
n mn pgGRn mGrn dnCpH pIn pgnG p jpRnnG ............pjr nJ pa
r n s n nJ r n an Ao n rYn es nCG.mn pgn n eo
(q H ,hGG OTQ )
.mjpen m r pa
r pe
s o TBr G Qm n
r en
s co pJBG
u s dG pa o uSn oCG ` CG `10
pn dG
p G p Ghn Qn n Yn Sn p Gn nG pa n o jn rnCG n Yn Ql ht bn Up
o
r jn
u hn Qp n Hr nCG p n r p Sr p p n Tn
n pnrMQp rpe k n p Sn rOn Yn n sfnCG nYn pnr p rWp Ghn n rpe onroj ne prnpH p n pgr p Ghn gn p pF
n nMOp Gn Yr GE p hn
.psper ndG
(Z dG Y)
119
q SSCG IqcG
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
o r pe
t n Tr nCG qdG
o r p dG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.n oJr sSn u dG
n n ar nCG pJBG p hn r nG pa
o u U
n oCG `
Qo n n
r G
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.p rSn nr b nrnH Op Qp GdG

n p r p dG npe snor G Qn n n
r G p Gn n dG pa oocr nCG `11
r nCG rpe poopH ...........(nnd nW) oIs Tp n gr hn l n Wp N
n lIn rpa npdnrenCG n rYp rOn Sn r n nd ,s noH
p Gn dG ..........(iOs nCG) sEGp .p n L
p Gn dG ndEGp ........(n n n rdGp ) p r nZ
ndEGp Ou nD oj p L
.pIOn n dG
s ..........(
n s nM)
p o tdG
p ndn nJhn `
u n pH ..............(
n sgn )hn .............. (n s cn ) nnn N
r Ghn pIQn ss dG
o n U
.p jpQn nGhn p jOp n
n dG pn n r bn hn
(hGG OTQ )
p Ghn nCG pa nIn r n dG o So Qr nCG `12
.n p Sr Qn n n jp nW
o uYn oCGhn pn p ndG p N
...
r T/...
r o dG/...n
r Yp /...r V/...
n
n
r f/...
r Op
.m rnb pIn r n pH pnrnJ udG pn p ndG o uSn oCG `13
.nan q odG ueoCG o un oJ p H npdp rne rpe o njpn dG oAn rndG o p nr nJ pp dG p sjnCG pa .pnar p
.
n r pe S
o s dG nCGn r n an
n p r npH
r p r n nr J n p Ghn nCG pa nIn r n dG o So Qr nCG `14
o uYn oCGhn pn p ndG p N
....Op gn ...pQnb/...`pdrCn eo /...``p r jo /...pn r jn
..............................................................................
o p r s dG
:n nr bn en pcn n M
n ndEGp o pn rfnCGhn m rnb nIn r gn p Gn n dG pa
o o cr nCG `15
p nCG ...Tn pr dG
n r n dG
n gn r jn rnCG N
s p js nCG pM
n nCG pa n ju dG sEGp { :knpFnb eu oCG o rJQn s
n an ...pdG
s ndEGp
p s dG
...n dG
r n dG
o Gn er nCGhn ,ljs p bn
s nhn o n Wp dG
s
o r dG
s
n t onJ nan .
n M
s n n er nCG o p n r nJ l n pFgn p
.zon padG
s
120
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.H e H FXdG q eCG
H q KdG dG e
q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p anCG ` CG `1
.(#) pnenn dpH pJBG
u sdG p n oL nrnH or
r Yn o n jpnG
o o dG
t hn l n pgr eo G
o Rn nnGhn l n p nf l
n np a p
o QGn dG
s hn l n pgTn G
o Q
n n p dna ,ljs p
n pdG
r an
q
o Yn
n bhn pncr oCG o Yn u n n eo l n p nf o Yp nnGhn
n n go hn n go lIn p n r eo pgnnGhn l n
p GRn pan nsdG Qh
.
n gur dG o
o
r jn hn r
n dG
n unjo pn H lIn N
o Oo hn
p n jo n pH
.
o S
o rp coCG `
................................................p n oG Oo n Yn `
...........................
o on G pp gn
r nCGn Hn `
l n L
o n nr a m SBr pH
p r Yo
.phn nr G
n pe pn ur
n en pa mnr L
o o
u c
r n
o ro cnCG ` CG `2
o r n dG pr nYn o n nJ en n Hr nCcn
o n udGhn ,pn n dGhn Onp hr nCGhn Ap n dG
u hn p L
n dp
u H wrn eo
o p n
r G
p ndEGp mgn nao
o To ojpnGhn m ncn
u co pn M
r Rn pa
o p V
r nCG nfnCGhn x L
r pe
o s n n jn ojpnGhn
(RG QOdG Y gGHG)
o n nG
CoGpn r oG
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.p jn s pe nC nnG
o oTr nCG `
.n n nG
n r bn p n oG pp gn pa CoGpn r oG An L
n `
.pnn G n r Hn p on G pp gn pa oCGpn r oG An L
n `
121
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e
q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pnp pH k p n r eo pn pJBG p n oG pa n n nG o uSn oCG s oK

o p cr oCG ` CG ` 3
.....................................-
.pndph sdG
n nr a o nbr nCG .pIn pasdG nr bo o sjp gn r p G -
.....................................-
.pjpdG
s nrnJ tp dG -
.....................................-
.ppr nG n en nCG o nfjn pr dG

u -
.....................................-
.p n nG An GQn hn o jn r n dG -
l nbr nCG p ndph sdG

n nr a -
p n jo pn H
,lIn p nf ,pr ndEGp
o S
o rp coCG `
l e
n hn
l
n eo
l r nX ,n N
s nCnJ ,n s n nJ :p jn s pe
l an p r en
............................................phs nCG OGp dG
n p n oL pa oCGpnroG On Qn hn `
............................................pfsdG OGp dG
n p n L
o pa oCGpn r oG On Qn hn `
...........................................
r pe q
l cn eo p on G pp gn o
u c pa o nn G `
.....................o n nGhn ...............oCGn n r oG nnc GnPEGp EGp pn r oG nYn o n nG o s n n jn `
p anCG ` 4
:mnr L
o
u co
n nr f
o u Hn oCGhn
u s dG p n L
o
n r Hn
o r
gn Gs N
n lIn p U
n
o r pdG
n hn p pHs dG pr o cn p jr hGn n
r N
n gn n r Yn ,padG
s p
r n dG p jpn cn l np L
.kIQn Gn pSG
r hn kn L
n p n n dnc n o L
r hn hn ppa npb n r Yp p st dnc pGn n M
r nCG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn
p s dG pn pJBG p n oG nYn
p Or oCG ` 5
:o o p rnJ
o
n o rnG s par nG
n S
o N
p rpd lI
....................... (cCJ)
.p r
n p eo o V
n jn dG
u `
....................... (J)
.To
l rob r
o sdG `
l r en
......................... (q)
.ln Yn p r sdG onpe `
122
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e
q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n oG
p s dG
p Or oCG `6
:
n rdG
s o p rJoCGhn
n S
n S
o N
pa .........kIn p U
n k nr nob
o r L
n nn a m p r eo m r jn pa pSn Qn nr G
n pe In pFYn .........
p nJr oG n r n n Tn nYn ...........hn AYn Oo hn t n
.AL
n Qn hn irn Tn p r n n
n J p r n n peGs dG n r n r Yn
p non G n Sn
p rfCnG pa ...........hn
.Ann Khn rTo pn M
(eeCG ,H OdG)
:pnpp H k p n r eo o r pe
t n r jo udG Qn n n
r G m r pa o
u c
n en nCG
o ro cnCG `7
l p nr J
...........
...........
...........
...........
sn Yn
sSn
On s en
n s ne
Qn s cn
nn aGn e/
o n
l aOp
...........
............
............
............
nn aGOn
n
n aU
n
n hnn f
iRn L
n
n Ann S
l rn bEGp
...........
...........
...........
...........
n rn bnCG
n n Sr nCG
s Yn nCG
in gr nCG
O
n Yn nCG
.pnpp H k p n r eo o r pe
s o TBr G qp dG Qn n
r G m r pa
u co n en nCG
o o cr nCG `8
l rn pSG
r
n rn n Sr Gp
...................
s n n Sr Gp
...................
n
n r n Sr Gp
...................
O
n n n Sr Gp
...................
ndr n Sr Gp
123
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
````q HdG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
.m n reo m o r en
s co o uSn oCG `9
ppr jo On
p
p b nnc
n c s M
n vSn o n r L
s Sn hn .Gj
k pTn kan V
r EGp V
o nn G no n V
r nCG nr b kp Yn lSn
n r jn nnc .p SdG
s
n pe pp nr Z n p r nJ pInn G phDo To pa uo n jo o
r jn nr d
n pdPn p L
r nCG
r pehn .Ak rn aEGp
p jn n pH pn r n an m M
p hn m M
p
.ppFn Hr nC kJob o o
n r Hn k p Hn k r Sn p r s dG ndEGp
(q H ,M W)
p pndG
.o son G n
o noG
o ro nG o r pe
s o TBr G udG
n r dG
u nnen
o ro cnCG `10
prFu dG AGn n Yo ......... hn oCGn r jn n kfGQn hn On pr Hn
p n dG
n r M
n ........on U
r sn rfBG en
p So oCG n pFRn ........ hn
.O
(f Fe)
p noG Qp n n
p H nhn nr G orp coCG `11
.pnMpnroG pGRn hr nCpH kp nr oe p rnS
r G hr nCG p r dp
o rpo H jp
o nG ` CG
oo fRr hn
l rn aEGp
l nYn
n oe/ln pa
l p r nJ
Qo n n
r G
G
l rn bEGp
....................
l jpRnr J
oo fRr hn
n rn anCG
nYn
n a
n s an
o r p dG
....................
nQ
n U
n
....................
p jr n
o r o pH o jpnG `
o ofRr hn
Yn
o nJ
l nt nJ
n
l p ar Gp
Qo n n
r G
....................
l nt nJ
QG
l n p U
r Gp
124
o ofRr hn
nYn
n nJ
n ns nJ
s rn aGp
o r p dG
nneGnn J
....................
....................
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
l n rp fGp
l n praGp
o ofRr hn
l rn pSr Gp
....................
....................
````q HdG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
n n n rfGp
n n n ar Gp
p n Yn pnKnnpH o jpnG `
n U
Qo n n
o ofRr hn
r G
....................
n rn n Sr Gp
6
S
s n rfGp
nn rdGp
o r dG
N
n r n Sr Gp
p
,n
n anf ,
n
n n er Gp ,n
n nrfGp ,n n M
r Gp :pn pJBG p rn anCG
n pe msn r eo Qn O
n pn H nGnn dG oCer nCG `12
(dG SH)
.s n n Sr Gp ,n cn GnP
H p SdG
.p Onp ppd r o nn rfnCG nnc
r e....................`p
n
s Qo n L
r nCG `
...............nIn rpf nGn
r Gp ndEGp nho or jn
n judG
n n L
r nCG en `
p dG
....................................``rpd t p n nr J oIn N
n `
r fnchn ............... ndEGp n
n p M
n
o gr Pp
n n r
n fGp `
nr Hn hn n n r Hn k n pYn ............. n
p nJ n nn L
p N
.............hn ............... pa n per jn
n penc r
n s pe On n So n p
n
n
(G ShdG )
.phn r nG pa n o uU
n oCGhn m rnb oIn r gn n pH udG pn p ndG op
r nSr nCG `13
r pa p sudG pncn M
n o n r jn Ano s dG
n nnc
s Sn hn n n p nJor G no bSn nn aQn hn o jp
n Q n
n nf nr bhn mGn p VG
.o nd n r ndG o Hu n jo Ghv o Yn
n n go sCnG
s M
n CnGhn ,ppa
o co Crjn udG ppFnfEGp nYn o Qn nr pe
(eCG MCG)
.pn p ndG pjn n pf pa m rnb oIn r gn pn p ndG pSn hn pa m rnb oIn r gn pn p ndG pjn Gn pH pa m rnb oIn r gn
......................... ......................... .........................
......................... ......................... .........................
125
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.H e H FXdG q eCG
H q KdG dG e
q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
:m rnb pIn r n pH pn r nJ u dG pn p ndG o uSn oCG `14

p G
n n o
r pe op n r nJ Ao Gn V
r nCG
n o dG
t hn
n Yp nn G nop
r jn pbn r p dG Ao
n Yr nCGhn p pnr G Ap L
n Qr nCG
p fnCpH nuo fn n jn hn
.Ap n
n dG pa gG
n n U
n Oo Os n n jn
n Tn
p hn nCG pa nIn r dG
:n p Sr Qn n n jp nW u
o Yn oCGhn pn np dG p NG
n o So Qr nCG `15
p
p
p
...Gn eo /...n pH/...nW/...
nZ/...G
On Qp /...Gn T/...
nYn /...n Hn /...Ghn On /...Gn gn /...n Sn
...n pc/
....................................................................:
o p r s dG
.m rnb pIn r pn H pn nr J dG
u pn np dG o uSn oCG `16
p dG
.nnN
s n njpnG oAho o dG snan ppQ nrenCGhn pOp r npH oAndG
u nnbr CnG
p hn nCG pa nIn r dG
.n p Sr Qn n n jp nW u
o Yn oCGhn pn np dG p NG
n o So Qr nCG `17
...ho r en /...
o od/...ho r en /...or en /...oo f
....................................................................:
o p r s dG
126
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
.H e H FXdG q eCG
H q KdG dG e
q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pnp pH k p n r eo nCGn n r oG o uSn oCG s oK

o u cn oCG-1
.Oo
l of pr L
n pa
.........................pIn ndG
s nYn
............................p r p dG
..................................ap
o t dG
.pr L
n pa Oo
.pIndG
s nYn o pa
n n dG
.p r p dG pa o pensdG
.pn
n n dG pa o en Gn s dG
p n jo n pH
.lan p r en ,lIn p nf ,Ql ho
r en hn Ql L
n ,n N
s nCnJ ,n s n nJ :p jn s pe
o S
o p cr oCG `
................................................phs nCG Op GdG
n p n L
o pa oCGpn r oG On Qn hn `
.................................................pfsdG Op GdG
n p n oL pa oCGpnroG On Qn hn `
...............................................rpe lcs n oe p n oG pp gn uco pa o nnG `
.........................o n nGhn ...............oCGn n r oG nnc GnPEGp EGp n n r oG nYn o n nG n s n n jn `
.GE p pn r oG nYn n s n nJ m n N
n
s co o qSn CoG ` 2
p U
ppjn nYn hn
l L
o Qn
n N
n n an ,pQGs dG
o M
n pr ndEGp
n n
n an
n n dG lrn fEGp n r nYn
n n nW Ao n n dG n
n M
n s nd
pp Sn hn pa m n npH nJnCG soK m p Sn mho N
n ornd n rnYn hn p r n dG p r
o pH l jpnK n pa lIn pcn l n rU
n
p na mrjRn o n rU
.lr Yn lpJ n ndr nMhn m N
n
(H ,dG dG ,bQh ,gdG Y M M)
.phn r nG
n ep n u
n en ap n o V
n CnGhn o n nG n pa n s n nJ u dG
n n oG
o p
r n Sr nCG ` 3
u pbr dG
s po nG pa ,
l hQo r en Ql n
n r eo pr n dG Gngn n en nCG ,
l pYn
l r Hn p nu dG in M
r EGp ps pb nYn
p
lIn rHn Op GdG
s pahn ,lL
n u n n eo
l npJhn
l n L
n Gngn pn nW nYr nCG pahn ,pGn o ar nCnc m n reo Ol Ghn p n dG
.lIn p U
n
127
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
pr ndEGp
l
n eo hn
l
n eo
l r nX o n nG
Ql ho
r en hn Qw L
n o n nG
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
p jn en o u nZoCGhn m n oG
p n eo v p r pa
p f
p Or oCG `4
.po p rnJ
o
n pe
x co nYn k S
k Sn
o N
..........................................................Ip On ho dG pjTn r sdG `
..........................................................lIn p Hn oIOn r
o nG o n jpnG `
..............................................................
l r Sn p n nG
o tnn J `
.........................................................lspFGn pH p u
n Jp G opFSn hn `
p s dG n n N
.n u n n oG p S
n o uSn oCG `5
p nJ
.lIn pcn
o pcGn en pr Yp
r nfnchn lIn nc
l Gn er nCG pd
r nfnchn GQk o r en Gk L
o r co { :Oo Hn pr dG
u
n nb
p Qr nCG
p l
.pQsr pdG
n pe o o s V
r nfnchn p So n HBG
n pe o Ho Gn Hr nCG
r nfnc r n an ,Gv L
r an l n
r b pd nnc n cn
.lIn p U
n lIn rnoH pn jpnG pSn hn pa nnchn .pQn udG npe lIn pcn lGrn fnCG p n
r dG pn jpnM pa nnchn
(OHdG Gee ,jdG IOM)
p s dG n n N
.p pr s dG
n n Sn o co Pr nCGhn n u n n oG p S
n o uSn oCG `6
pr n dG ndEGp On Yo nCG rnCG r
p nf pa s
p ho odG n r Yp
n an .l pF nW p n r L
o pa
n r ndhn
n n nGhn
o Qr n
n rfGp
pa t eo nCan lIQn r bo pd
r nfnc nr d
o r u n nJ r cn hn .
l nfQr CnG hr CnG
l
n M
n pjn pa
n r ndhn pFn Hr CnG ppbnjo rCnGhn
.mr U
n ndEGp
o as hn oCG pun nd k Yn Sn Qp n s dG p o Yo
(H ,f Fe)
128
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pnp pH k p n r eo o r pe
t n q jo udG Qn n n
r G m r pa
u co n en nCG
o o cr nCG `7
Ql Gn p rMGp s n rMGp
...... sn Yr Gp
...... s n U
r Gp
...... s
n N
r Gp
...... Qs hn Rr Gp
n nJQr Gp n nJQr Gp l np rfGp n nnrfGp

...... s n Tr Gp ...... nan n rfGp
...... nn ncr Gp ...... n n n rfGp
...... n
n rfGp
n n rfGp ...... n
......
s rn fGp
n n Hr Gp ......
l Oo n nJ
......
......
......
......
n On n nJ
iOn n nJ
nnLGn nJ
nfnnJ
n An nn J
l tn nJ
......
......
......
......
nsn nJ
nsn nJ
On s n nJ
On Os n nJ
snn J
.phn r nG
n pe pu
n en pa o o V
n nCGhn m n reo m o r en
s co
o p
r n Sr nCG `8
p nnc .pp n Yn pa kp n r eo GOk Gs M
t
k n nJ s
o n n nJ o oJn
n Yn hn kpbQn
o jn n n jn o o r L
n
o r
n Hr nCG `
k n u
r dG
s o bn n rp Ghn kWpn rfG op nrnJhn
n oe k bs n oe k p nroe kho of pjpnG pn rpb nYn op rnJ o n
.Gk pj nnoe GQk n Tn gn nAGQn hn
.k r nf prbn
o n r nJ o n r nGhn p pr nG ndEGp
o r o an .mr p
n H n n rXnCG rnCG nhOo p r pJQn hr On p Hn ndG ap
o Qr Oo `
(f Fe)
.p SpQndG nnn L
n pn n
r dG pa
o
o jn
n n L
n hn nhr s nn jn mYn n L
n ndEGp
o n Tr nCG n
n L
n `
mn n reo
n Yp nn pH pprZoCGhn pJBG
p r s pd
l u n eo
l n reo
l o r en
Op n n rpd
l u n eo
l n reo
l o r en
ppcrCs pd
l n reo
l o r en
........................... ........................... ...........................

........................... ........................... ...........................
........................... ........................... ...........................
p b nnc
p to nj On nchn .........V
r nCG r bn kp Yn lSn
ronj rnd npdPn p rLnCG rpehn ........on r L
o n n rdG o n n V
p jn
ndEGp n r jn nnc .kp bn hr nCG Gk pcn ........pIn
n rdG phDo To pa nhn p Ss dG
n pe pp r nZ ......t
p hn m M
p
p r nZ pa o Yn Hn pn dG
s
n pe k r Tn ppnn Tn ndEGp o qdG
n Sn rEp an ,mM
n r Hn k p Hn ........pr s dG
.men h
n n eo nhn ms n en
(H ,M W)
129
.H e H FXdG q eCG
H q KdG dG e
q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
qLdG IqcG
(2 G)
````q HdG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
p n jo n Hn pJBG p hn r
.
o S
n rdG pnZGn an n p r nJ
o p cr oCG `10
o ofRr hn
Qo n
r n rdG
oofRr hn
................... ................... ...................
or p rdG
Qn GOn nCG
................... ................... ...................
iOn nf
................... ................... ...................
sSn
p noj n pH pJBG p hn r nrdG pnZGn an n p r nJ op cr oCG `

.oS
o ofRr hn
Qo n
r n rdG
oofRr hn
................... ................... ...................
................... ................... ...................
o r p rdG
iOn n nJ
in nJQr Gp
................... ...................
x nn J
On nrfGp
................... ................... ...................
in n rfGp
................... ................... ...................
...................
p noj n pH pJBG p hn r nrdG pnZGn an n p r nJ op cr oCG `

.oS
ofRr hn
ofRr hn
Qo n
r n rdG
................... ................... ...................

...................
l nd npSr Gp
o r p rdG
Yn r n Sr Gp
................... ...................
................... ................... ...................
s n n Sr Gp
................... ................... ...................
ndr n Sr Gp
130
qLdG IqcG
(2 G)
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.m rnb pIn r n pH pn r nJ u dG pn p nrdG o uSn oCG `11

p hn .p r
p jn t pdG
.An L
n or M
n
r pe On Yn ,knoJr Ho n sdG
s nCen
n M
n rdG pa CnGn Hn s M
n
o
s On nc en
p Ghn nCG pa nIn r n rdG o So Qr nCG `12
o uYn oCGhn pn p nrdG p N
...n gn /...n nro rdG/...``nnN
r Gp /...Qn On /...``nar n rdG/...``nnrdG/...n bn /...`ndrCnJ/.`nn f
........................................................................:
o r s dG
p n p nrdG o uSn oCG `13
.m rnb Ip n r n pH pn r nJ u dG
.p pd
n rdG D p odtr dG
n pe k nJN
n o jn r en
r n n Tr Gp `
.pn jpQs dG
n pe pGn p br BG nYn
o nFu dG Dho o
r nJ n `
p Ghn nCG pa nIn r n rdG oSo Qr nCG `14
.n p Sr Qn n n jp nW ouYn oCGhn pn p nrdG p N
...`` oWnnJ/....`òdrCnJ/...`òHrD oH
........................................................................:
o r s dG
:nIn sn o rdG pn p nrdG o cu Pn oCG `15
p n/ln jpL
.ln L
n /ln jpHn /ln p en /ln p Hn
...............................................................................
131
q dG Iqce
.H e H FXdG qeCG
H q KdG dG e
q TCG
.ASCG
.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.n p pet n nJ
n n Sn
o u Hn oCGhn n go o uSn oCG .en s n nJ pGn n N
n pJBG
u s dG pa `1
p Sn nYn pjn r bn o n nJ
.r o nJn M
n pe .p
r n rdG M
n o r pehn n pfsSo
o Rr Qp p
r n dr G
(SQdG e)
............................................snC ndhoCG ps p SG
r pnr
o rdG pa n n
n rdG n s n nJ ...................................................................................
.............................................snC pn pfsdG ps p SG
n rdG n s n nJ r pnr
o rdG pa n n
...................................................................................
p b n
.ns n nJ m nN
n sco o uSn oCG soK ,m n
x f pnHnpc pa pnpJBG pfn n rdpH op nSr nCG `2
nSn hn mn rN
n o
n prfGp /mr U
n uco rpe npeOp nrdG pIQn ssdpH pGn rn rdG pncQr nCG o npcr Gp /pGn rn rdG oAnpreGp
p n rWnCGhn pnrp rdG o jOp r nJ/pnp rf
p pd npFGs n rdG Oo Gn r pSr Gp /pn r
n rdG nnr a nA
n rnH mnjGQn Oo oLh/
o pGn rn rdG
p fnCG
.npFGs n rdG nAGQn hn pnano rdGhn n Tn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
,Ao
n r n rdG pJs pg ,l pbr en ) p jn n pH k p n r eo GE p pn r o rdG nYn o n
n rdG n pa o s n n jn k n p SBr G k nr L
o
o cu Qn oCG `3.
p eo
.pfn Hn pa l n L
l n nn d ,po tdG pnBG o n bn r bn ,
w phOn hn
l n
r b
............Op r n rpdhn ...........pYr s pdhn .............u pe m r pe pr bn nYn hn ............peen nCG
.................p p
s pdhn
(f Fe)
p nnr J kn oL oprfoCGhn pnpJBG pfn n rdpH op nSr nCG `4
.po rn rpd o
p f
p sdG oSr Gp /p S
p sdG u nrdpH lcs n oe/lSn
.kH
o rne kIn p nf p S
pfn n rdG
on ordG
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
132
l n r eo /on nd no rdG
l o co /
o oat dG
l M
n GQn /o n dG
s
p
l M
n /Ao Yn p rdG
o en ndG/u
fnCs dG
s
.H e H FXdG q eCG
q dG Iqce
.ASCG H q KdG dG e q TCG

.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n nr J kn L
.po rn rpd
o
o
o prfoCGhn pn pJBG pfn n rdpH
o p n Sr nCG `5
p f
p s dG o Sr Gp /p S
p s dG o n N
E p pH
.Yk oar en kIn p nf p S
n
l cs n eo /
l Sn
n pan V
pfn n rdG
on ordG
..........................................................
lIn co /ondph qdG
..........................................................
l n Fp nf l sbp /o jpdG
s
..........................................................
lIn p U
n l jn r bn /
o n
n rdG
..........................................................
p hn
n SG
l jp nW/
o p r n rdG
..........................................................
.m n reo m o r n pH n prZoCG m n L
o pHn n pc pa pn pJBG pfn n rdpH
o p n Sr nCG `6
....................................
.p
r n rdG
n ep p r udG
o r N
n
.................................... .n ndr M
n o jn nn jn
o p sdGhn Ap n rdG nSn hn ho r nJ o o N
r oCG
p J o nr udG
....................................
.p r
o rdpH gn N
n nCG
o n
.................................... o p rjn
o r udG .mGn oN
o Ap n rdG pa o
r jn
o r udG
....................................
.o nfRo Gnn J
....................................
.v Yn An n rdG
t o jn
o r udG
p nCG rpe onn
....................................
.n N
r J o nr udG
....................................
.ooN
r oCG oon nMnoehn p r udG on
n Z
p nj or udG
.o ao ph
....................................
n ne rOn s nnJ r bn hn Ap nG pa or
n nf o
p n o rdG pHr s dG pGhn On nCG p n r pSp

.pQGn rs dG pn pL
r H n
v f ,pn pHdG
s p n
o rdG
n pe kbnp rfBG ,onx coCG `
r Ghn pn S
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
133
.H e H FXdG q eCG
q dG Iqce

.IdG SQCG
ddG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.l
n ndn eo /Ql Gn p U
r Gp /
l Gn pbr Gp /lIQn Gn pSr Gp /
l np rfGp :mIn p eo m n L
o pa n n pJBG Qn Op
n n rdG
o p r n Sr nCG `7
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................:s
n N
r Gp /n n
s c /
n n br nCG/n L
n GQn /
n h
n n nJ /mIn p eo m n L
o pa n op r n Sr nCG Qn Op
n en pn pJBG p n ar nCG
n pe
t n Tr nCG `8
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p nCG m n
p b n
:p n n rdG pIn co pa k nHneo ppa
o U
x f pa n op r n Sr nCG Qn Op
n en pn pJBG p n ar CG
n pe
t n Tr nCG `9
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p CnG Gk n
p b n
:pnpJBG pfn n rdpH kp nr oe p rnrdG pa k nrMQp ppa oU
v f oocr CnG `10
,onpFn rdG oGn renCG ,p r sdG o tnnJ ,pQp ndG oocQo ,prnrdG oAho go ,Ap n dG
s oAnU
n
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
134
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
q SSCG IqcG
.IdG SQCG
````q HdG
m Yp na An n Sr nCG
o p r n Sr nCG hn ms p Sr Gp m n L
o pHn n pc pn pJBG ppgp
n H
o p n Sr nCG 1
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.p r Sn nr b
n Hn Op Qp GdG
n p r p dG
n pe
x n r eo m Yp na p Sp
r H nGn n dG
o u cn oCG- 2
p bn ncn
Qp np dG
n t
n o p n r jn pHn n n dG pIn N
u Dn eo m n r pe n Y .................( j) o S
.kjpnH
k rTn n
n rHnCG pnHn n dG nn nX onrYn rn pfnCG n hn .prnncr Qo nH ons bo ...,...........(j gh)
.m n HnCG m ofr Ho o Sn rCGQn ............(
s nd r bn h)
n u Sp r odG nYn ..............(j)
(H ,LYhdG Y)
(q e) (q H)
(q S)
(qd)
.pn dG
u
n n M
n m o r en p SG
r hr nCG m Yp na p SH
r
o p cr oCG- 3
pIn Yn on G n jn n o nd .............. pjr n pdGpn H .............. o nJnM
n o Snp b T
n Yn ...................................................Qo rCn dG
n en .nGrn dnCG pgGRn m p U
n mQn hn ..................... k sjpgn ors nnJ -
.JBG
u sdG m pbnf m r pa sco o uSn oCG-CG 4
:kn unnoe n rndnCSn hn m rap pH n rpe rnfn an ,n rjs N
n nYn pr ooet dGhn ps dG
u nYn
o p r kInan onjr ne rnCGQn
.zSp
l reo lGn n M
n pr nYn or jn r bn hn l p N
n nnnG sEGp ,p en qs gn ,pJn p U
n jn
n p r nJ n{
(H ,dG dG)
135
q SSCG IqcG
.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pJBG p hn r
n rdG pa n oJr sSn u dG
n n ar nCG
o u U
n oCG `
t pFn rdG
o pbs dG
t phGrn dG
o pbs dG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
.
n np rdG k ps eo u pFn rdG p pbs dG
n pe p Yp nrdG p SBr pH p hn r
n rdG n p r nJ
o p cr oCG `5
kIn p nf p Yp nrdG oSr Gp
(``rdBG)`pH kas n oe op n rdG oSr Gp
p s dG
VG
m VGQn
........................... ...........................
........................... ...........................
Oo q no rdG t pKnudG or p rdG

p Qn
n V
n p nd
n p N
n
.phn r
n rdG pa
l o ren n go en
n ar hn p Yp nrdG n SBr G p n ar nCG
n pe
t n Tr nCG `6
.pn pJBG p n
o p n Sr nCG `
o rdG p p rnJ pa p pHdG
s p hn r
n rdG pa Ip On Qp Grn dG p Yp nrdG Ap n Sr nCpH
l
o r en lIn p nf p Yp nrdG o Sr Gp
l oar en lIn p nf p Yp nrdG o Sr Gp
o pbs dG
o r p rdG
........................... ...........................
n nW
........................... ...........................
in Tn
........................... ...........................
in cn
p nCG p Sr Yo pa pHnCG n
.Gk pgen ...............pSn hr nCG N
n M
r nCG `
.ppfsco pd m penCG .................
r Yn u L
n p
n Hn `
p n eo k n nK .................. n an On `
.pYn p
n dG pn p pd k S
136
q SSCG IqcG
.IdG SQCG
````q HdG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
.l nSu n n eo lIn r gn n pH u dG pn p nrdG o uSn oCG `7

.n pa o o p n rfnCG n mYn Sn pa sEGp ppJrCjn n o sfEp an .
n jppFGs dG pM
n nCG
r pe pHn U
n nCG n pd pGQn jn u dG
o gr p cn ufEGp
n o un o an po co ndEGp o n r jn o qfnCnndhn .pppFnZQn Rp
r nfnc nr dhn
n rfEGp ndEGp
o Yr Qn nn d m Vn nZ hr nCG m er Cp pp gn o oJGQn jn Rp
.n onr nan p pFSn Qn ndGE p hn
(Z Sj)
.p nrt dG nnen nIn r n rdG
o o cr nCGhn p pHdG
s p jpr s dG pa An L
n n pH
o p n Sr nCG `8
l en . U/n
n od . nn eo /
l . n n eo /
o . s dG/
o .
n Yn /
o . Sn hn
.pn pJBG p n ar nCG
n pe p Yp nrdG n SBr G oU
o nCG `9
.Rn na/On nb/nnb/nnH/On Yn /Qn GRn /nnCSn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p hCn G `10
.phn r
n rdG n p r nJ
o UG
pIn r n rdG o cn n nM
p Sr Qn o n jp nW
n nrbn ne o cn n nM
o n p nrdG
l njp nW l
lIn n
Ap n rdG nYn
n r an
r c
.................. .................. ..................
.................. .................. ..................
l Fp Sn
n p So
n p Sn
.man u nn eo hr nCG m nSu n n eo mIn r n pH nGn n rdG

o p cr oCG `11
p nCGhn ...rl pH pr n r Yn
o
r nJhn
o
n nr J p pQGn dG
s pa o js ...Hn n r nrdG Qo Grn fnCG
r n N
o n r jn n
r n rdG n N
n nCG
p BG rn pJ n r pe o M
p Grn dG ...``p nr jn ...n dG
.pN
s pa o
o t dGhn
p no rdG nIn r n rdG p Gn n rdG pa ooco nCG `12
.nnS
...ngn hn mIOn n Sn pa
o p nJ m p Sn o nd ...Yn rnfnc Ap Gn
r
n rdG p o dG
t n Sn hn m nj...nf m njr bn pa
.mnf ...```p rWBGhn
(gdG IT)
137
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)

.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.JBG
u sdG p Yp ndG nAn Sr nCG o uSn oCG -CG 1
.kM
n nnc .mp Hn m en Rn o r eo o nKOp nG pp gn
n
o pr jn ppFnG
u Xp An o
n aor dG k pdL
r n L
n
:
n nb
p b so fEGp ? kInCGn eG
.nfo Un
r jn o Op ndG
o n dG
s Gngn
r en p f pr n dG pHn
:k npFnb
r s nWnCG
r Hn L
n nCG s oK kIn Xn
r pe o o L
n hr Rn
p Hn hr nCG m pSn o pHYn o sn nd ,V
m n nW
r Yn lM
k n Hn iQn nCG (H
,OV h Qf ,b gdG)
q
p dG An n Sr nCG
.n r pe
o ro cnCG -
r s o TG
r dG
n n ar nCG
o Yn oCGhn n oJr sSn dG p Yn
p dG o SG
p dG o SG
p Yn
p Yn
o r p dG
o r p dG
r
r
.................. ..................
.................. ..................
.................. ..................
.................. ..................
.................. ..................
.................. ..................
.................. ..................
.................. ..................
p hn oCG 2
.p hn nr G n p nr J
o UG
p Yp ndG oSG
r
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
138
or p dG
n n cn
n n
n f
n nn a
n n U
n
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)

.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p noe m Yp na p Sp
.p rSnr b nnH On Qn hn n kp nr oe mS
r H op cr oCG-3
(e
...............n hn ..............nn Z pp n Yn nYn s
q - c)
q
o n dG p
o r jo p p tnn J ............. nt V
p jn u dG Ap nDo gn pIn Yp dG
(q L)
n p n G
.p r Sn nr b
n Hn pHn o rnG p n ar CnG
n pe
x n r o
o p cr CoG-4
pVh
(T)
q
n o nr G pn p rWnCG pn U
r nCG
n EGp .............
o pFdG
s
s nX p nJ (Y)
.............
q
l js nCG
n V
r nCG pYp
r Yn on r
p aQp Anp pp H .............N
p nCG
(S)
p ns G p bn
q
n Hn p
p dG n SG
.pn pJBG p on G p pbdG
s p r dG
n pe
u n or G p Yn
r o uSn oCG -CG 5
? 5 nYn 235 n r pb pbHn n go en p p pFn V
p G n p Hn
.p nG
n n en Vn
n s U
n p dG nn G Gnpn H n p Sn .GdG
s hn Un
p Qn o np dG
.Ap nGp l nSG
s .TnG nYn
o pcGs dG o un jo p n r eo JBG p hn r nG n oJr sSn dG p Yn
p dG An n Sr nCG
.po rn rpd k
o o cr nCG-
oar en kIn p nf p Yp ndG o Sr Gp
oar en (`dG) `H
l s n eo p Yp ndG o Sr Gp
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
139
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)

.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p dG p Sp
n nGp k psoe pFndG p pbsdG npe p Yn

r H p hn r nG n p r nJ ou cn oCG 6
p n oG p Yp ndG n Sr Gp p Gn n dG nnen
(nHn ,n
n b ,Yn On ,Yn Qn )
n S
o o cr nCG 7
p
On s nG pKntdG
kIn p nf Yp ndG o Sr Gp
(`dG) `H kas n eo p Yp ndG o Sr Gp
o r dG
m Sn
Yp dG
s
........................ ........................
........................ ........................
....................... ........................
n Sn
neQn
nM
n
n Hn
.An n
n o n
n Hn .............`dG
r n dG ppJn jr n To inCGr o Qn r U
n
n n n fr na ,no dr M
n L
n nCG
..............
n EGp o n er nCG n o rnG nTn
.o pFGhn dG
s Qh
o no J ............ nYn
p cn nn G nEGp ..............`dG
.pp Yn
.l nSu n n eo lIn r gn pn H pdG pn np dG p

o
r n Sr nCG 8
.n n M
r nCG T
k Ho r oW pSp rCGQn nYn r
o udG n V
n hn p
.onr dG
r Hn n n an o Sn nCG Qn nCGRn . Qp np dG p s
n
r Yn oInCGnr G
o nCnr J .....................................................................................
p U
.
k
n k Sr Qn n
n pbs dG nIn r n dG n So Qr nC p pHdG
s p jpr s dG An L
n n
o p n Sr nCG 9
Ql ...à / S...à / S...Q / d..è / J..eG / Hq ... / I...`Le / ..``S
n
140
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)

.IdG SQCG
````q HdG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
p hn nr G n p nr J oUG
p hn oCG 10
p Sr Qn o n jp nW
n nrbn ne o cn n nM
pIn r n rdG o cn n nM
o n p nrdG
p rdG
s nYn
l njp nW l
n r an
l M
n o r en
n An nn J
lIAn ho eo
lIAn
n cn
.................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. ..................
.mIn p eo m n L
o n op r n Sr nCG hn pn JBG
n n np dG o n L
r nCG 11
S
l rCcn / S
o rCan / S
l rCGQn / lrCTn
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
141
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)

.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.Qm nWEGp
n Yn o
n G
n r p dG o V
n nCG -CG 1
o Yn pJs L
n o sn n jn hn M
k n an t n r nJ m n Yn
r
n
n GnPEGp ,l nnp f n s p nd
u dG
u l en u n n eo Rl
.mjpnL m n Yn Rp nEp t p nnr J hn kAnU
n hn Gk pr H n o rLhn
n r n r Yn
r n gr hn pan r odG pHn
r pe pN
r oCG
r s nWCnG r pe s TCn G n M
n Qn np dG in nJ
r On nc en hn .o
r san hn Qn np dG
r n N
n CnG s oK n r n an Qn hn nn o
r dG nYn pIn p dG
s gn pn pH
r s Tn hn ,p n n dG
o jpHn
.mYn Sn oor n nL ne m nr n r nnan ,onAGn rLnCG
.JBG p hn r nG n oJr sSn dG
n n ar nCG
o u U
n oCG -
jpnG oYn o
n G
p nYn pnKnnpH
n U
jn
o ro pH
o ro pH
Oo s nG oYn o
n G
............... ............... ............... ...................................

............... ............... ............... ...................................
............... ............... ............... ...................................
-sOn -s Tn sOn ) mIn p oe m n oL n op r nSr nCG soK ,p Yp ndG nAn Sr nCG pnpJBG p n ar nCG npe oU
o nCG- 2
.( s gn
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(nn gn ,n nnb ,nn nM) pnpJBG p n ar nCpH kp nr oe m o r ne p Sr Gp hr nCG m Yp na p Sp
r H op cr oCG 3
p n L
p
,o n cp Qn hn Ap nG
n GE p o n an n an .............. Im n
n Tn
n r L
n nn a p r s dG p s V
n EGp
o nr sdG s an
p Qo s s dG
.pQodG
t In jpL
n ............
n nr sdG .............
n r G
n n
n an
n
n EGp
n U
n hn s M
(QdG IjL )
142
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)

.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.
n np G k ps eo pFn dG p pbs dG
n pe p Yp ndG p Sp
r H p hr nG n p r nJ
o p cr oCG 4
kIn p nf
n Yp ndG o Sr Gp
(`dG) `H kas n eo
n Yp ndG o Sr Gp
On s nG pKntdG
o r p dG
mGOn
p Gs dG
nfOn
......................... .........................
Yn On
......................... .........................
nYn
......................... .........................
n
n c
(iQn On ,ncn ,n
n b ,nTn ,nHn ) : o r pe
x n r eo m Yp na p SBr pH
n pbs dG
n r p rdG V
o u Yn oCG `5
.........................peu oCG ndEGp
o r udG On Yn `
..............................kAGhn On ordh
n nnJ `
...........................u Yn orHBG nnU
r nCG `
p rdh
..........................k p M
n
n n nJ
r gn `
.o ndr M
n p
r jn n pH ...................
r oj r nd `
p n eo m Yp na p SBr pH p r Sn nr b
.o r pe
x n r eo mS
n r Hn On Qp Grn dG
n r p rdG V
o u Yn CoG `6
.......................(Y) nnnrdG or snn J `
....................(Z) p p n dG Gngn on nK `
..........................(b) Ap n dG
u Oo r Hn `
........................ (in L
n ) Ao n rdG Gngn `
p rfnCG `
........................(J)
n jpr s dG r
143
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
````q HdG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG

.IdG SQCG
p hn oCG `7
.phn r
n rdG n p r nJ
o UG
p Sr Qn o n jp nW
pIn r n rdG o cn n M
n
n nr bn en o cn n M
n
ppdnCG nYn
l
o
n r an
n r n rdG
.................. .................. ..................
.................. .................. ..................
o n p nrdG
n CnSn
l ndnCr en
Ql rCan
`.l nSu n n eo lIn r gn n pH u dG pn p nrdG o uSn oCG `8

.pn rWnCG pq
n en hn p
n p rdG oIAn Gn pb pjn Gn pg `
.pn rWnCG pnZp pnSn rYn onjr ne rndnAnn J `
.Op s no rdG pbr rn dG pa onpen rdG rnAnL `
.o An ho go o
r n rdG On n n Sr Gp `
p U
.
k
n k Sr Qn n
n pbs dG nIn r n rdG n So Qr nC p pHdG
s p jpr s dG pa An L
n n pH
o p n Sr nCG `9
n ...n
n J/n...S/
n gn ...V
n nCG/n...nnJ/n...nnJ/n ...nnJ/lI...noe
.mn Snp eo mIn r n pH nGn n dG
o p cr oCG 10
GnPEGp hn .g...n Sn Yn nfnc p n o
r Hk
n sn n an .Q...`H
n GE n ...g ....P ep
l L
o Qn
n n gn
GQ...à p n
r L
r o dG p U
r nCG GnPEGp hn ,gn Qn
n L
r nCG
r pe Sh...Q
n n N
r CnG r bn o Hn Qr CnG ms M
n
.mQGn r pSr p H n o Vp
o r oJ
(H ,eO h c)
144
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)

.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n oG n SG
.p Gn n dG o o o cr nCG hn
n S
r p Sn nr b
n Hn pIOn Qp GdG
n p n ar nCG
n pe
t n Tr nCG 11
.kp .............(QCGR)
o r p a
n p Hn ndG
n EGp kIs en
o r gn Pn .pn tdG hn jn Gn n dpH ..............(Ce) k n p M
n
o p
r jn p n dG
s
n pe HnCG On Yn r orfoCG ,lIn jpL
n Ql n N
r nCG{ ..............(b)
o
o dG
t ................(H)
n U
n znr ndG Gngn n snM
p n G nIn r n dG p Gn n dG
.js p n Tn n p Sr Qn n n jp nW
o uYn oCG hn n n S
o o cr nCG 12
`...prC neo ,p p r s dG k bn p reo n L
n n p dG o cn ho en
r n n nL
n GQn Or CnG
r On Yn s oK `...m n r en ps bo n S
p jn p
...
r n dG n Gn PnCG
r Yn o
n r nJ n sfnCcn S...dG
r n p Sn hn .pGn dG n nd nn Sn m p nK Am Tn
p n dG p nfPn ...`G n ne
onJn U
n O...`d pper nf rpe o opboJ n pHnCG nEGp r n gn n an p njr n dG pIn M
onn Yn f...`j hn
(H ,G ShdG )
.p r n Wp nG hr nCG p pFndG
n EGp pn pJBG p n oG
n n ar nCG o pSr oCG 13
.k jp nW k
s pb oCGn r nj or udG ..................
o n rWnCG
?
n n n dG CoGn rjn n en ?
n n ndG..........n en
.Hk o M
o S
n n cr CnG Cor
o sn dG .Hk o M
o ............nM
o sn dG
145
q dG Iqce
.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn Op n r o rdG pnU

p pa sn o rdG n Sr p G
:o o p rnJ
o
o n L
r nCG `1
...........................................pIn o rpd
l
s
n eo t n n rdG Gngn .pIn
..........................................o dr G nYn t Wp r dG
t
n n bn ...........................................An Gn
r
n rdG
n ho o rdG oIYn t dG n n
n b...........................................o Gn nJ udG p pr n rdG Gngn oIn Ho
o
r nf ...........................................p nWrn dG oIn M
o Oo o
o rdG p nj ne o qnZoCGhn pS
p no rdG p Yp nrdG p SBr pH l rSn onrnJ ne V
.o p rnJ o
k u n oe
p
ho nr J udG p pa
r a os nnJnCG orLn N
n ooordG rgn Rn hn oAn dG
s rn U
n nM
n n rdG pndr nCpH or nr nSn
.p ho o rdG ndEGp np n rdG pnbo nj n go hn p nYn r nj rne mn r n pHhn prnJ udG pnp rdG p nrn pHhn
p
...........p pa
s rn U
n nM
n n rdG pnrdnCpH or nr nSBr an os nnJnCG orLn N
n ooordG rgn Rn hn oAn dG
.p ho o rdG ndEGp p p n rdG pnbo jn n go hn ...........pn r n pHhn .............pn p rdG nr n pHhn
.kIQn ro en m rnb nIn r gn p Gn n rdG pa
o o cr nCG ` CG `3
l `..``èn /t...``jn /S
n ...`jn /l j...Rn /kj..``V/
n p
l j ...Qn
.mIn p eo mnq L
o pa pn pHdG
s pn p nrdG
n pe mn p cn
s co
o p r n Sr nCG `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
146
q dG Iqce
.IdG SQCG
HGdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.p oar n rdG p pQ
n o rdG pa
n ppFnrdG ndEGp kIn n r eo n n pJBG
n n ar nCG n pa
o
n r N
n
o o cr nCG `4
.n p S/
n /nCen /nCGn bn
n nCGn Hn /An L
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.p oar n rdG p pQ
n o rdG pa npWp
n o rdG ndEGp kIn nr oe n npJBG nn ar nCG n pa op r nSr nCG m n oL
n r N
n oocr nCG `5
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.p oar n rdG p pQ
n o rdG pa pn nW
n o rdG ndEGp kIn n r eo n n pJBG
n n ar nCG n pa
o
n r N
n
o o cr nCG `6
.
n sdnCG/
n L
s nCG/nCan nc/nCL
n Qr nCG
n nCGQn /
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
147
q SSCG IqcG
Xd SG GYEG eY qJCG
.SCGh
.dG qcG L AdGh hGdG SQCG
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn n sn o rdG n Spr BG u nKoCG `1

.n o p rnJ
o
o sfnCG n n Tn hn pdp r en
r pe
n M
n r n Sn
r a .pp n Sn
n pe Oo o jn n njr Qn n
n N
r nCG Ank s Hn pd
l jpU
n m r jn
n GnP pYn On r n Sr Gp
.Gk p nJr eo k pcSn n nL
n n
n n rdG
n sn n an
l jpnZ
n s oK o nYr nCG s M
(eCG MCG)
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.n pHGn Yr EGp n en nYn onu doCGhn p r Sn nr b
n r Hn nIOn Qp Grn dG An n Sr nCG u nKoCG 2
......................(prnrdG) pInDodrDod rpe nrfnCG
....................(p r qdG) npe kfnnM
o p nJ uoCG prbn pn Yr Qn rpe n Sr nCG
.........................(p rn rdG) Qp of rpe nn rKnCGhn p r o rdG pnpreoCG rpe nrZnCG
.rsju oM nj .pnpJna nj
(dG MCG)
p jn en o q nZoCGhn s neo k Sr GE p n sn o rdG n Sr p G
.o o p rnJ
o
o n L
r nCG 3
p n pa nYn
p r sdG pah ,pn Ys dG pn p sdG p n jn o co Pr nCG TG
o p nrfnCG en n r Yp Ap nn G ap ,eu oCG jn n Hn r odG r
n bnCG en
p Hr nCpH pQnar nCG
.pjpSn
r nCG pIn
o p n r nJ en n r Yp
n r M
n V
n Qr nCG o o r nJ pIn p dG
s ppen n pH o o Tr nCG p nM
(e eCG)
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p nj ne o qnZoCGhn GOk n r oe n sn o rdG nSr p G on rLnCG `4
.oo p rnJ o
pGOn nnj n o nnnrLnCG p rnpJna pGhn o r nj pnju dGhn ,p
l Hnj Ol Yo gn pnj pahn p rnju dG Oo Qp noJ m p Sn toCG
.pGn p nj
(H ,jdG J N)
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p nj ne o unZoCGhn k pdSn kufnD oe k r nL nIn son G nAn Sr nCG on rLnCG `5
.oo p rnJ o
......................................... pa lIn pgp ne ,no
o rdG o nu nW ,lnpdU
n lIQn nL nnd
.pjs Qp
.........................................
k n rdG pfGhn nCG p r U
o
148
q SSCG IqcG
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn Gk cs n eo k r L
.o o p rnJ
o
n nIn qon G An n Sr nCG
o n L
r nCG `6
p jn `
.r go o Yp n jo hn
n s o rdG
o pbGn jo o en r jn pn r dG
s o Xp nf r
...................................................................................
.p pFSn s dG p U
o ho p N
t nCnJ pn Sn
r Yn pjpn rdG n Ru n eo
o rdnCSn `
...................................................................................
p pbGn o pH
.pGn Sr nCG
u pnn rdG p p
r n rdG
o pFQn n n n L
r Gp `
...................................................................................
p nj ne o unZoCGhn njppan o rdG V
.oo p rnJ o
o u Yn oCG `7
GYo n Sr nCGhn njpQYo r ne osct dG nnanCan .mIn
r G Pr EGp njppbGQn ho pan o rdG nnc n nrnH
r p
n H ocn r n rdG nn nUB
.nnp dG
s rSn ndEGp
...................................................................................
.pGQn
n rdG
r Yn pJBG
u s dG pa os
n nJnCG `8
p rdpH T
p nYn r p penr f
o r
n rdG
s Yn
n Yp p r eo Gon br nCan .n ps Yn hn n Hn o
r en p n U
r pe G onr n SBr G
n judG pGn
p n n rdGh
.n nfo p rjo Qp s dG
n r U
n
n p pan r eo M
n np rdG
n p peM
n
(H ,G ShdG )
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
149
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.ek nJ krTn nIn rn o rdG pn p nrdG

o oTr nCG ` CG `1
p
pd n
r oJ rnCG pHnCG jn
n L
o Qr nCG{ :o o n Hr G o nd
r ndnan mp Hn mnHn ndEGp dG Ql
o r en LdG OGn Qn nCG
.z
l p L
n QGn Sp n nd k s pgn Pn k Yn Sn k Yn Sn pd pn nr J rnCGhn p sdG Dp dDr tdG
n pe GrYp
(H ,SCGh dG ,TGHCG Y )
.n n rnTn u dG
n Qp n n rdG An n Sr CnG JBp G p hn r
n rdG ap
o o cr CnG `
pn HGn Yr EGp o enn Yn
pn HGn Yr EGp o enn Yn
l r L/
n nu e/
o Ol rn eo
oIOn rn ro dG
: n o rnTn u dG nIn p u dG An n Sr nCG pJBG p hn r

n rdG pa
o ro cnCG `
oIOn rn ro dG
l r L/
n nu e/
o Ol rn eo
.
u s dG pa nIp sn o rdG An n Sr nCG p hn r
n rdG pa
o u U
n oCG `2
Pr EGp p n r en ndEGp n oJ
n n nd prJs n
n a m rap pH o Qn nJhr nCG
r n Yn GOn hn On o rdG o an Rp rn dG
r n
n n M
r Gp
p nn pH mnpbOn mIn r N
p nYn
rnCG n r Hn hn .
u n rdG pYG
t o nJ n nfp s o rdG n Hn r n rdG pnn dG
s pp gn snCG
o r n M
r nCG
p Hpn rro dGhn n pHp rro dG p n Tr nC
r n
n n rZBna
r an n Yn
r s n an Ap n p rdG Qo hr On A
n L
n p r n Yn oren
p nrdG nnYr EGp
p nrdGnh njpV
.pGn V
150
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
o pddG
s pufDn o qdG p r L
n o pddG
s p cu n o rdG o r L
n
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
s noG
````q HdG
6
oIOn n r o rdG
.pn HGn Yr EGp n enn Yn onu doCGhn nIn sn ro dG An n Sr nCG n

u KoCG `3
.......................................onLp
r Qhn o n jn
o r udG
n nn Z ......................................On
n a pr dG
s ndEGp p
r en
n gn Pn ......................................
.knnnMhn knfQr nCG
......................................Yn r rn dG ndEGp o Qn nr K
o sn qdG On nb ......................................
.pjpn rdG
.......................................m rYp In Qh
n Qn
o b n es oCG
o pr rdG
r n gr nCG
......................................- .k p Sn kjOp pHnCG
n Hn n an
l r V
n nfQn GRn
.pn HGn Yr EGp n enn Yn odCu Ghn nIn sn ro dG An n Sr nCG nu KoCG `4
m
p
p n n rpd o n r nX o r p rdG Qn GOn nCG `
.....................................- .ArHo a n n n Hr BGhn I
p
p p
n or b t oCG
r nn L
n `
.....................................- n n HBr G n en InCan r rdG Qp nf
.......................................
.....................................-
151
p n nd oCGn r nJ
.m pcn pn pc
r pe k n pr eo k jn nM
.pppn H o n n
r pd
o s
n n jn o r p rdG
n n Sr nCG `
(AdG dG q S ,hQdG j)
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.phn r
n rdG
n pe n u
n en pa nIn sn o rdG
n o
o rdG o V
n nCG `5
p J n n T
p n en n L
k Tp hn kfn r pa ,Ak n pfhn
k nLpQ p Sdp
s H
o n
n nn a ,pjpp rprdG Hnn Z
o L
n Qn n n
n b
.n
o pFGs dGhn nhOo nrdG n pH t o jn u dG pnbo tdG
r Yn mp Hn n r nZ kfnen n
n sJGp .k V
s Qo hn kn rWnCGhn
p hn
.j
n ppFrn dG n en pjn prn dG ndEGp n L
n Qn h
o oo rdG
n M
(H ,dG e S ,LYhdG Y)
l mdSn m cu n eo l r L
n
m pdSn o r nZ l r L
n
p nj ne po nZoCGhn k pdSn Gsk cn oe k r nL nIn sn ro dG nAn Sr nCG on rLnCG `6

.op
o rnJ o
.........................................................................................................................................................................................-
.p un ro dpH pSn Qn r rn dG j
o peo n n n L
r Gp p n rpd V
.s
k r bn
o r n rdG p s bn .ppFGs dpH t oCG
r n M
s Qn p n r o rdG pjs p n
p
n rdG p pFHn
r pe p n nr J n .p jp sdG pYpn Qnb nYn
p jn en o u nZoCGhn k pdSn Gk cu n eo k r L
.o o p rnJ
o
n nIn sn o rdG An n Sr nCG o n L
r nCG ` 7
.m nSp
r pe o op
r jn n pH Gk p eo o nJr U
n o an r jn nnan
o u
n n o rdG o pFrn dG es nCG ...........................................................................
152
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.
l n nd n pa kIs L
n pSp rCGQn nYn kpeM
n pr n rdG ndEGp pYn Qn r n rdG
n pe o p jn
o qn rdG nnc ...........................................................................
p J ppJn pF npH p VGn r pSr p G An n rKnCG Qo s udG n Lo
p an r pe n n bn
r Hn
r p n
r jn r nan ,no nr J rnCG
o To
.pps np pH
...........................................................................
p jn en o nu ZoCGhn k pdSn Guk cn eo k r L
.o p
o rnJ
o
n nIn son G An n Sr nCG o n L
r nCG `8
p
ndEGp m M
r pe
o p rn jn nnchn .ppJs
n en hn pp
o U
o mpJnr J pa kp n r eo
o
o dG
o o pFHn nnc p Hn n NB
p
.mjpL
n G
n mHo Rn
r Yn mn L
u co pa p r nn bGs rn dG pr n r pn H kM
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.ppn nYn
n en nCG k p r n r eo kgro en t
u dG Opn QTn p
r rn dG
n en nCG r
o bn hn ...........................................................................
.Am n pH pn r nJ u dG pn np rdG o uSn oCGhn
s s dG oCGn br nCG ` nCG `9
p a prJOn nb
p o rdG o nrfnCG
nS
r nfnchn .mGn pcn mGs Yo r en
r s V
n m
n np a m Yn nb ndEG o n Wn
n r nYn
r nN
n On p rbs dG
n pe Ap n prfEp G n rKEGp hn .pM
n p n rdG pn p
n rdG
s p pJn
n bQn pa pn nn rdG po jon J
:
r ndnbhn oIQs Sn o n pfBG
p neo pp gn hn .po r
n dG n pJr p
n H pfnZnCG
n r Hn nn d o nu oJ l n p nd
o N
r oCG ...pIn r dG
r oInCL
(jdG QdG ,RhY g)
153
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pJBG p hn r nrdG pa n oJr sSn udG pn p nrdG oocr nCG `

mM
n ro en Am pn H pn nr J G
l On rn eo
m nWHo r en Am pn H pn nr J G
l On rn eo
........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................
.pnr dEGp o pSr oCG udG n p dG

s
o ro cnCGhn Am pn H n rn fBG m r pa o
s c pJBG
u dG
s
n pe p
o
r n Sr nCG `10
n s np d .ek n nW n nd
o
r n nn a ,An
o J mIs pg pr U
n nYn m n
r a Gn
n P
o rnr n Sr Gp
o
n M
r CnGhn
p nn a .o r Yn n
.z?kn pFL
o r
r an r
n fBG
n pnr dnCG ,n n rdG prcn nJ n pd{ :n nd
o rbo hn gn p er nC
(q H ,WG d e)
pr ndEGp n pSr oCG udG o p dG
s
p
(l er nCG ,p
l Q
n eo ,m Ve)
n o no U
o r p rdG
........................... .............................. ........................

........................... .............................. ........................
........................... .............................. ........................
........................... .............................. ........................
........................... .............................. ........................
........................... .............................. ........................
........................... .............................. ........................
........................... .............................. .......................
154
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn k pdSn msfDn eo n r L

p kY
p L
o
n n sn o rdG n Sr G
n pJBG
.o o p rnJ
p p r s dG pa k bn p rn r eo or prdG
r n n nn a .pIQn ph
n o rdG pnar ordG pa k cn n M
n
r n p Sn
n M
r nfnc
p n pa
n TG
s Qp n
r en pa o un oJ kIn pFM
n
r n p Hn hn pr
n rdpH
r pe
r
n n nfhn
r n
s nn J s oK .pr dG
.pdG
t pos pH rn nJ o sp rdG GnPEp an k npbnn eo
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p jn en o nu ZoCGhn (n
.o p
o rnJ
o
o pern dG) `pH (o
n p M)
n V
o u Yn oCG `12
p f p SrCGdG
n r o rdG pn rdpH
s n Yo
n ar en p nr J o
n p M
n n
r fnc
o p r oJ n gr hn pp n rdG p oaoCG ndEGp kIn Xn
.Sk rCan
...........................................................................
155
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn n pHGn Yr EGp n en nYn onu doCGhn nIn sn o rdG An n Sr nCG u nKoCG `1
.o o p rnJ
o
p b o
.ln pr eo hn lIn n
...................................s p rdG ...................................- .pIn
n dG
s p o
r Z nYn
l Gn oZhn l en n M
n
r sM
n p Ghn lr nj pp rpd n p nH ....................................l M
p Qn oIQn s dG
...................................- .p jp sdG ppfL
n nYn k n SG
s
r nfnc ...................................-
.jp
l en s pdG
s
s n nd -
.n pHGn Yr EGp pen nYn ndEGp o pn rfnCGhn nIn sn o rdG An n Sr nCG u nKoCG `2
......................................... uXp pa mIn pFhn mGn o
o pH Gk pFSn nn rdG nn nrfGp
....................................... .kbu n noe ,nAGn
r
n rdG nGQn hr nCG k uenCnoe ,pQnTr nCG
...........................................
r Yn k u n eo ,p Grn dCnG Ip On u n n o rdG Qp gt dG n r Yp
..........................................
n U
n hn rnCG ndEGp pr
n ZnCG
n r Hn Qp o udG p Tn Yr nCG
p Yn Gk pF nW inCGn an mn p Yn mnfjn pr Sp ndEGp
.............................................. k
(H ,dG SfdG)
p nj ne o p nZoCGhn k pdSn Gk cs n oe k r nL nIn son G nAn Sr nCG on rLnCG `3
.oo p rnJ o
...................................................................................................................................................................................................-
156
o Yp sdG n s bn .kn pFGQn kIGQn n eo

.p snn rdG ndEGp o pan o rdG nU
n hn .l pgne O
o sdG
s .pp n
s s dG nnc m p bn p r eo r en pa Qo
p Ghn
.l M
l n
r eo p
r n rdG p Wp Tn Yn -
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p jn en o u nZoCGhn k pdSn Gk cs n eo k r L
.o o p rnJ
o
n nIn son G An n Sr nCG o n L
r nCG `4
.......................................- .On Gs
s s dGhn An s n rdG
n rdGhn Q
n
o phno rdG n
n M
r nCG ........................................V
n u n o rdG o jp
n n rdG
r n nTn ........................................Pp p r n o rdG p nnpH snr nJ n .......................................-
p nj ne o uZCGh kSn Gk vcn oe kk r nL nIn sG

. oo rnJ o
n nAn Sr nCG on rLnCG `5
o u sdG sEG n pa
o p jn n
n pu sdG o jn r bn
r nfnc
.o pdon G
........................................
........................................ OG
o s
n rdGhn Oo n dG
s hn
o Qp Gn rG r o r pe n cn hn
p Ghn mIn Sr oCcn Gofnchn .Q
o ssdGhn o snrdGhn
........................................ mIn M
........................................
.Ap Gs dG
s hn Ap Gs dG
s pa nofh
n n nnj
(GdGh UdG)
p hn oCG `6
,es t dG ,n
n rdG) p r Sn nr b
n r Hn On Qn hn en ndEGp n pan V
n EGp n r Hn pn pJBG Ap n Sr nCG n Hn n pc
o UG
p dG
.(nM
s
pn dG
pn dG
nhOo s U
s hOo s U
n
n
s Oo s U
n
................... ................... ...................
................... ................... ...................
................... ................... ...................
Ol sU
n
lpFnH
l Wp nb
l FSn
.pn pddG
s p cs n o rdG p o L
o hGn hn onu doCG `7
.nBG ndEGp GhOo o jn r ndhn n M
n Qp n rdG p r eo p
r n rdG ndEGp pn dG
s hOo s U
n
n gn Pn `
p n n rdG p sN
o nYn Gon sJBG rnCG n r nH pnHnrdG pa Gobs n nJhn ,p pFndG
s oHQp V
n hn pGn rHnCG
o panf nU
n hn `
.
n jOp u dG
s n en
157
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.Am n pH pn r jn m SBr G
s co o uSn oCG ` CG `8
pa S
o s n nnJhn gn Qn hr On o p nrnJ pnjpQnCG nYn rnn nan Qp nprfp G pan r oZ ndEGp o njpN
n o s n rdG rnN
n On
p Gn V
p
gn o p r oJ
n rdG p L
o ho
r n N
n nCGhn n r pe k jpbn mn pdL
n mIn an
r pe
r Hn n n br BG rCnG rn rnJ r nd s oK ,
.pnp Sr CnG
n pe m pHGpn H
.pJBG p hn r nrdG pa n oJr sSn udG nAn Sr nCG ouU
n oCG `
l nsfDn eo
l o L
o
lIOn n r eo l nsfDn eo Al n SCr G
........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................
p jn en o u nZoCGhn pn pFnrdG ndEGp pn pJBG p n

.o o p rnJ
o
o rdG
.p ndG
s o roe mIn gr Rn rYn orprdG onrnJ ...............................................................................
.kIn pFL
n oIn p n
r o rdG oIn p ru dG
r ndnf ...............................................................................
s oK .n pdr M
n
r pe Ap n rdG Pn GnPQn kIn ppe k
n pj
n n eo o p r nJ n gr hn p
r n rdG p n pe pa
o n nr J
o r prdG
r nfnc rnnHhn n pbGn dG
s rn n nan ,pIn p dG
s n pd oSo hn n pan n rp pH Wp dG
s p neQp nYn rnp nan rnLn N
n
n
r nJ ppf
n M
r nCG pa
r n nJQr Ban p
r n rdG ndEGp k
n pcGQn
r n L
s nn Jhn n r nL
r p pH n r en n gn s oK n s p er s dG Qn o
o rdG
.p Wp Gn dG
s p SGs M
o pjn Yn Qp
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
158
q dG Iqce
Xd SG GYEG eY q JCG
.SCGh
.IdG SQCG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pnKu
n n jn p r N
n r an
o n L
r nCG `1
p nf o u bn oCG
Gngn hn .p
r pe
l r an nfnCG :r
n r Hn
r n o
u c o r eo o M
r n Hr nCG r ndhn
u o rdG Gnn pH
o rnM
n .pQo t dG p Gn pa
.k r Tn o n ar nCG n Gk p U
n
o r co p r eo pfYn r jn iudG pHnCG
(OVh Qf ,b gdG)
p jn en o u nZoCGhn k pdSn ksfDn eo k r L
.o o p rnJ
o
n nIn sn o rdG An n Sr nCG o n L
r nCG `2
.......................................,Ik n un eo p pr n rdG
n pe oIn n rdG
r L
n n N
n
.........................................
n Grn KnCG k npeM
n p r s dG ps V
n ndEGp
r n L
s nn Jhn
.
.........................................
n n go n p nr pd
o r prdG
.......................................-
r n n bn hn ion rdG nIpFN
n k npgn
r On Yn .........................................
n n n rdG n u opH
o
n r nJ ,p n rn rdG p jn phGRn pa
.........................................
o o nJ n gr hn n p p M
n
r pe
n u
n n o rdG
p Sn
.........................................
n n Sr nCG en !pju dG Gn n pd
k r nJ{:k n N
.zohn r Yn
.........................................
......................................... (q H jdG J N)
.pfsdG Op GdG
n pa znCG{ hn p hs nCG Op Grn dG pa zN
r oCG{ pHn n p pH nGn n rdG
o p cr oCG `3
.gn .................p n r n nH oQp rnMp an .n pN
r oCG p rn pH oQp rnMp an .kn u Tn k
s pb gn .........````pd Ao nr gn
r nM
n - .kn u Tn k k
s b gn ..........`p `d Ao nr gn
r nM
n p```` ....................n en Op na
.p``` .............n en Op na
n p nd n p nd .o .................. l pdSn iOn nf o ``..................lSn iOn nf .pfsdG Op Grn dG pa zCG{ hn p hs nCG Op Grn dG pa zqoCG{ pnHnp pH nGn n rdG op cr oCG `4
.pn dG
s
n pe n rSn ................ On Yn - .pn dG
s
n pe n rSn .............
r On Yn pGn Hr nCG p r U
o l pgen x p Yn ........... - .pn sWn o rdG p r U
o pa lIn pgen w p Yn ........ .pdG
t n n dG ................ nnc - .pdG
t pa n n dG ..............
r nfnc ?o
n jpN
n jn p ..................
n jr nCG - ?o
n jpN
n jn p ...................
n jr nCG -
159
q dG Ice
pnp SnoG mGnrYG pnen nY n nY os n nJCG

n op r n r SCGn h p nXp n d
q dG qcnoG r Ln pa An dGh hGn dG o o SQr GC
nIn r n dG o o SQr GC
````q HdG
eG IMdG
dG YGb SG
pfsdG Op GdG
n pa zm nCG{hn p hs nCG Op GdG
n pa zmN
r oCG{ pHn n p pH nGn n dG
r p cr CG `5
.gn ............ n rSn
r ns bk
n r Yn o
n r jn gn ............ sGE
.gn ............ n rSn

r ns bk
n r Yn o
n r nJ gn ............ sGE
(G`) hr nCG (`) p Gn n rdG pa

r o cr oCG `6
pp dpH ....òp n
r n pd kIn jpL
n p
n Hnen pOp nhr nC in n Tn
r a psct dG ndEGp o n M
r nCG
n gn Pn pp dG pnr nd pa `
....òMn r njhn
ufEp an ,...o orfG{ :oro an prpp H ro n pgOr oCG rnCG or s U
n r bn hn u nG pa pHGn rJnCG rpe kjpan or n nL `
p n
...ò bu
n oj rndhn Gk pcn ...ò
n a znrpJ rpe r oLp N
r oCG soK pp gn pfPo oCG pa p r oG n snM oV
n nCSn
.pahn mrp
n On Yn `
n H pn dG
s ...o Fp U
p G pn ndG ...ò apRYn
.
n jpVn
n n rWnCG `
:k pdSn Gk cs n oe k r nL soK k pdSn ksfnD oe k r nL pnpJBG nAn SCr G on rLnCG `7
p pddG
s psfDn oG o r L
n
p pddG
s p cs n oG o o L
n
psfDG Op n r G SG
p cs G SG
................... ................... ...................
m Vnb
................... ................... ...................
m Sn
...................
lIYn Oo
................... ...................
160
q SSCG IqcG
q FG cGdG H UY o s n nJCG
n op r n r SnCGh
ASCG H KdG dG e TCG
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p np pH k p n r eo pn
s pd m pr n pH r p cr GC `1
GOk Gn Sn p
r n dnc
o Gn odG ......p rsdnc
o rodG ......p p s dnc l spb n nd ...... pnn dn
s c o M
n s dG
s p np pH k p n r eo mS
p n eo m pr n pH r p cr GC `2
kJr U
n p Ss dG p n M
r nCG
r pe p jpU
n nnc `
.......pIn Sr oCG Op Gn ar nCG n ncr nCG udG
u pa n pet n nJ rpe p rZs dG nYn pJs nL rnp nH `
p
.ppM
n pd ......pnfGn nnG o n Tr nCG orndG `
p nYr nCG ppfn dG
......psp pftdG Op npdG p nL
s onnL `
:p rSn nr b nrnH nAnL n pH kp nr oe ppr nJ mcs n o pH rp cr GoC `3
phr nJ nn r of t CG
r nJ) ............. o r eo
n pdPn nnc
r ndGRn en n r n dG s M
n hn ,(pGn n dG
s Oo n Yn o jp
p nCG p pSn pa n pJn
............
n pd
r n nnb n sfCG
n pdPn hn ,n N
n pH
r
s V
n r bn n n n Hr G snCG
n r cn n pJGQn
o jp
r nJ) ........`pH p jpnG gn N
n nCG n pJrCn pd
x u Hn m
r nf n s p N
n gn n M
r hn
r n
n n br Ghn ,(man n en o jp
r nJ)
............ gn pjn pahn
o
r s dG n n Sn hCr G r bn hn ,n sfnCG
n r cn hn ,(p n n dG
n pe mu u cn
n r n dG pnnHn ,k nr d
.znn r o pd Gngn { :
r ndnbhn gn n jn
r s en s Ko p VQr CG nYn
r nnn
n a ,(p n n dG
n pe mu u cn o jp
r nJ)
(f Fe)
jv p pr nJ k cs n eo p
r nJ mnr
o pH pn pJBG pnp SCr G p Yn
o Lp GoC `4
.................................
?nr nd nW k
s pb rcn `
.................................
?pp r nM pa osn dG S
n nIn nTn rcn `
n n nZ m r N
................................. ?pr dG
s pa pp nG npe m rpd rpe roonpFYn op r nr J rcn `
?mo TCr G pKnnK
s co r ooJn Sr oCG
o p r nr J Ak en r cn `
.................................
.................................
?ps p pJn dG pn ndnoG pnr pSG
r n or en no an r nJ r cn `
.................................
?Ep nsdG pIQn So rpe n onrnJ psdG pnjBG Oo n Yn n go ne `
161
q SSCG IqcG
n op r n r SnCGh
ASCG H KdG dG e TCG
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
m n uWn eo pIn r No Op Gn Yr Ep eu GoC ppH

p b nv f
r en nb en ppa o co Pr GnC Gk n
o o cr GnC hn pn pJBG pfn npH
o p n SCr G `5
.IG e eGZ jY ,G e d ,H 4 ,dG e WQ ,bdG e c `1
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
o o p rnJ p n r jn en o u nZGoC hn mIs en u co pa
l o ren n go n pH p son G n SG
r V
o u Yn GoC `6
pn dG
o eo n cr CG `
u pa Rn na p sdG n
n udG
............................ nrpdG ................. ............................p rnrpdG ................. ...........................p rjn nddG
n ................. ............................pnndG ................. ...........................On nhCr G ................. p np pH k p n r eo p n oG n Hn n pc o Yp CG `7
p oJ psdG V
p oG V
prndpH o
kIn p roe GQk nTCr G prndpH p n
n Qr CG n Sr n nZ n Qr CG nSr n nZ `
p sJCG ufEG{ :onr p dG nnb `
kIn p roe GQk nTCr G mpar nJ n nSp hn pfPo oCG rpe o
p dG
p rdCoG
....................................- .p
s p Gn rfCG soc on Sn
r a p VQr CpH n o
..................................... pcn n M
r
n ndEGp hn ,p pQGn nG pa pes dG pn s dG ndEG p UG
..................................... o n SCr Gh .pQ
n pdG pn Yr CG pa p
n pHdG
s pn SCr G
..................................... ,Ap Gn L
n oG p pa
n n dG p
n pL
r CG
n p M
n
r CG pa pnu
p
p
p
p
p
..................................... .n er CG n e r Ho nYn
n Ku
n n oG S
n s dG o n Sr nCGhn
..................................... (UdG eCG)
............... n nbr CG..............

............... ppgn p pH.............
.............. noodG...............
........... p pa
n n dpH...............
:ln nr oe n go n pH kp nr oe p n oG n nHnpc o Yp CG `8
ppH
o o rjn p dG
n Qn Rr CG n nn dG o n M
r CG
n VC
n GAm r Tn
u co oIn M
n ppH p dG ppFn pH Ao n dG
s n o js GC Op L
o orYn onrHCG orco p dG nnp dG or nLhn r n nd ?onJr nUG
r p dG Qp o
r o dpH nrn an GnPne 162
q SSCG IqcG
n op r n r SnCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
ASCG H KdG dG e TCG
............ nnp dG ...............

............. V
n u n oG ..............
?.............................
n rfnCG nCG
...............
s s dG ...............
............... u Yn ...............
````q HdG
:
l n n r eo n go n pH k p n r eo p n oG n Hn n pc o Yp CG `9
pnnrnG npe n oJn nSG
r pdG n
s p dG or nd nW p n en An n rKCG
n V
n pH
r n n Yr G pdG n V
n u n oG r oTr oCG p rfnCG nCG ?n n nr G Gngn pr Sn Qn pdG
n n r n cn pdG n js p r dG
u n n rp dG
o rp M
n pIQn ph
n oG pjn r n dG pa
o onr J pdG ps Yn
o Qr Ro p n jo n pH nGn n dG rCer G `10
:pnp pH k p n r eo
o S
p Yp ndG o SG
r
o Yo Qp
n eo
o r p dG
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
n s n nJ
On Os n nJ
n s n nJ
n gn n nJ
n an Gn nJ
ngn nnJ
n nnrfG
n nn rfG
n n n rfG
n n n ar G
n n n br G
in n TG
r
n
n r n SG
r
Yn r nSG
r
s n n SG
r
163
q SSCG IqcG
n op r n r SnCGh
ASCG H KdG dG e TCG
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
n hn r nG oCer CGhn p Yp ndG An n SCr G

u s dG
n pe
o p
r n SCr G `11
C G nYn kpdn r eo
p jpndG ndGE p
C G
o nr sdG
n n br GC n U
n hn s M
n n r dG
s hn n ns dG kbp n r eo pn Yr
n r Hn kun n eo p VQr
n Yp Ou n eo hn
n jppan eo
n r Hn p Ss dpH
t o jn Ao n p G nnc o r pe
p Yp ndG o SG
s o Tor G p dG
o r p dG
......................... .........................
......................... .........................
......................... .........................
......................... .........................
......................... .........................
p np pH k p n r eo n hn r nG oCer G `12
p Yp ndG o SG
r
l Tp r eo
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
o Yo Qp
n eo
l o Tp r jo
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
164
o r p dG
n Tn Qr CG
nn SCr G
nrdCG
n sbn
n snf
n s cn
n
n nrfG
nnrdG
nn nJQr G
nn rfG
nn n rfG
n n n rfG
On nn SG
r
SG
n nn r
s n n SG
r
q SSCG IqcG
n op r n r SnCGh
ASCG H KdG dG e TCG
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
mS
p n eo m Yp na p Sp
r H p r Sn nr b n r Hn On Qp Gn dG n r p dG V
o u Yn CG ` 13 n
pGnP pIn Yp dG
r pe .......... (
n bn nnJ)
t p oJ
o r dG
s pnfnc
n jn n sdG in M
r GE pa nnchn ,pn n nJr oG Ap GQn hn
nc .mn p Yn mn p Sn pa o np J m n TCr G o nKnnK p n nG
n EGp .........(iOs nCG) ...... (in n rdG) ppdnn G
p
o Qp ndG
o n rN
n hn ,pp r nX nYn .......... (
n jn n nJ)
o L
n Qr Cnn jn
o prfu dGhn nIn rdG
s V
n Qr CG
o n r jn Qo n G
........(nn reG) p SrCGs dG ........(Cr nWCr nW) o n p nM n p pFGQn hn rpehn p SrCGs dG noar ne o p nj psdG o rYn
.Sk qCan nr odG pndpH
p noe m o r ne p Sp
:p rnS
r H hCr G m Yp na p Sp
r H p rSn nr b nrnH On Qp GpdG nr p dG V
o u Yn GoC hn
u sdG n nHnpc o Yp CG ` 14
p n pa ppf
o res n an ,pH (
o s n n nJ)hn (po p r n nr J) TG
n pH Ao o nJ mIs pg pr U
n nYn m r jn
n GnP
o rnr n SG
r
o or nJ
n p n rnJ rnCG nhOo ) o r cn n n an Ak en n nd
o er s n an .o r Yn (
r an n q
n fG)hn o r an n an ek n nW n nd
r n N
n CnGhn ,pr ndEG (
p r n r jn )hn (op n r jn
en hn . noG (
o p or J) pr n pn an ,
n n dG n nd
o n aG
o Yr n Sr nCan (o
r en ) mGn nnf s ndGE p
.pQp n dnc ho r nJ
r n n nqfG s M
n Ap n dG
s n L
r hn
r CnGQn rCnG
(1 ,GdG ,WG)
165
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
q FG cGdG H UY q JCG
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
` Il n pcn ` nhpcn ) : pn pJBG pGOn n r o rdpH k p n r eo mn cs n en oIOn n r o rdG An n Sr nCG

o n L
r nCG `1
.(U
n ` A
n r Hn ` GRk
o Yn ` lIn p U
n
o p nJ
r nf cn ............kIn u Sn snCG n
r jo
n r bo ............m r Hn pa
p n pr Hn
,..........lGn L
n pe por dpH o
r jn nr dhn pn HBr G pIu
s pd nnchn ............mHnn Z
p nJ n oJn Sr oCG
.men n M
n hn .............mho N
n pn
r U
o pa n pbr hn n nr eo r
r nfnan
(AdG dG S ,hQdG j)
p L
:msn cn eo nIn sn ro dG An n Sr nCG kY
n pJBG
u dG
s n Hn n pc
o Yp oCG `2
.ln p Sn o r nnrn dGp rnCG ndEGp e
k js nCG p
r rn dG pa opQnrdG Qn Sn hn .n go o o rjn Qo ho dG
t hn pGn peno rdG n
n Hr nCG
(hRhc HhQ)
.(mQho
r en m SBr Ghn x L
n pr M
n
r pe ons n j)
n u r
n dG s
n cn eo o uSn oCG `3
p n pn H o an r jn ku
.pnrp dpH k nn reo k js p bn n YG
n n eo k pFHn
r nCGnn a pInpadG
s
r pe n Sp rCGpn H p
o Q s
r nWnCG
p Qn mr p
o ns n an w pU
o r jn n
n bhn hn An
n rrn dG nSs nn J
n in
n an .m N
n H n r nYn q njo hn o n pcGnn a o
.ppM
n n en rnCG n r Hn k Ms
n oJ
o nYr nCGhn
n so pH M
k p an ppJn er Ro ndEGp
o r udG n L
n Qn hn ppYn n r en p rjnpH n
(q H ,jN dG)
.pnp rdpH k p n r eo pn pJBG p n r
o dG pnZGnn a
o p cr oCG `4
.pgn s dG
n pe k nJN
n
o jr n n Tr Gp ..................v oW
o sn rdG
n Hn ...................
l rWQn psdG
s pa ........... Sk rCcn pJs L
n pd
r en ns b 166
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pnp rdpH k p n r eo pn pJBG p n

o rdG pnZGn an
o p cr oCG `5
p pa
.T
k n bo Gk r pe pYn n r en p nWn N
o nn r n Sr Gp ........GQk Gn Sp pn es oCG pYp pa eu oCG
o jr n gr nCG ................. p rSn rCcn m nU
n sco on Tr nCG .mIOn rn po H nIn sn ro dG n n n r ro dG Op n rn dG An n Sr nCG po es oCG `6
...............
n p r N
n p
s rp dG
n pe
o r nd nW n nr a ...........
n pKnnKhn k r Sn eu oCG o o Yo oo r jn hn ........... nIn n Yn r n rn KBG po Yo oo r jn .................jp
n r Yp hn m r p
n H pfo ro nJ
.pnrp dpH k p n r eo mIOn rn eo m pnr J ndEGp u r
n dpH s
n cn ro dG p
n r dG
s
o u M
n oCG `7
.kMsoJ kIn
.p st dG
n Tn jp
n r Yp u L
n S
n nn Z n pe kIn
n Tn
n jpr Yp u L
n S
n nn Z .p n sdG
n pe Sk rCcn
o Hr p Tn -
........................... -
........................... - .pjr s dG
n pe Gk r pd
r n nn a psct dG ndEGp o Qp
r n gn Pn ........................... - .pn pcnrdG
n pe mspn H
o r o an ps Yn pn r V
n ndGE p
o r gn Pn ........................... -
.p n rn dG
n pe Sk rCcn m n U
n o
s c
o n r jn pHnCG nnc -
........................... -
.M
k soJ nIn
n Tn
n jpr Yp u L
n S
n n nZ 167
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.(u dG ,udG) : pnx dG nnen

o o cr nCG `8
p GRn o
orn fEp G n e
r isnn jn .............pn Sr nCG
o Wp en n nr a :pGn r r
n dpH l N
r rn dG `
.pn rKnCG p naQr nCpH
o n oJ .............p pdqdG Qo n
r en n gr hn
?
n n p rdG n N
n nCG ..........
r en p o jr s dG
p Hn nZ
!p
n n rdG in en nYn t n r nJ ............
n n L
r CnG en p P
p o
p o So
n n L
n J .......... n s p n r
n dG n n nr rp dG lo
r en t rn dG n n
n br Yn nGrn ZRn
p hn .p
p
nYn n pa n or jn rnCG
n U
n hn
n M
n dG
o en rCjn nnc ..............pIn Yr rn dG pn nr rp dG ndEGp
p
.p VQr nCG nYn Arn rn dG s
n N
n hn n
v pe ppHGn L
r pe
n n N
r nCG .Yp nanCG
(b gdG)
.(njsp dG ,pJsdG) : p Gnn dG oorcnCG `9
.
n r ndEGp no p
r jo ...............ndEGp
r p M
r nCG .p rnG ndEGp
Ap n dH
s o r Yn O..............
n
u eu oCG
r n M
s Qn p dG
non r jn ne r no d
n nr d.................p W
n p L
n dG
u n
o BG
r Q
r j
o oo f pjn pen pa .pIn pndG pn jpnG pp gn
(f Fe)
.n pdp r en
n nCG p r jn
s co
o n rdnCG r pe n jpbn
s or jn ...................pJnjpU
n n en mM
p n o rdG
.
n S
n U
o r n rdG n Sr p G p Gn n rdG pa
o o cr nCG `10
p nn dna .ppcr dG
n pr Hn pa oIO
n L
o r rn dG t SG
s hn
u r
n dGhn p n
r rdG
r Yn o
t jn n pHnCG nnc
p nn b oCr nj ........n go
n go prnYn
o p rLnCG orco ........ op nrdG onrn rdGhn n
u rdpH gn n YG
o ndBG
r f .......... o sdG
t
n pdncn hn ,o
o p
r jo ..........
n pdn cn hn .p rdG
s ndEGp pr nYn o n n
168
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p nJ ......... p nWn
p rdG
.
r n sn nJ n sco gn s Sp
o p r jn pHnCG nnc n pn Hnen eu oCG n r nYn o
(q H ,dG Y G Y )
.phn r
n rdG pa n n pJBG
n n ar nCG
o u U
n oCG `11
n
n
n M
n ` n n n rfGp ` nn M
n ` n n jr nCG ` n L
n ` s
n N
r Gp ` s L
n ` s n U
r Gp `
n nWn nJ ` n s L
n ` nSn ` s L
.
n Qn Sn ` Yn Qn ` s n n Sr Gp ` n n L
n `
n nKnnJ `
lIjp
n en l s pKnoK
l rn anCG
lIOn s
n eo l s pKnoK
l rn anCG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
.phn r r
n dG pa nn u U
n oCGhn m
o r po H nIjp
n nG n s pKntdG
n rn anCG o uSn oCG `12
r ``np c kn L
n pr nYn nrdnCan ***
r ho ordG
o n L
n An n
n rdG
s nXnCG p Tn *** m n````````````L
o
r nZ m p L
n p
x bn m
n
r pe k sM
o o n rn dnCGhn
(HdG SdG HCG)
.
n ,p n sdG
n n rL
n
o r Tn jn pbu en n pcGnn c V
n Qr nCG Yp Qn Rr BGh ,
n pd
n sdG p gn p u L
(OU jdG Qf)
(f M) .pnGp n as nM
n nen bn rn nen snM pnLnr G n rnf or nN
n m
o ro pH o jpn rdG t pKntdG or rp dG
n ar nCG
n s an
n Yn na
.......................... .......................... ..........................
.......................... .......................... ..........................
169
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n Yn pnKnnpH nIn jpn rdG n s pKntdG

.phn r
n rdG pa n o u U
n oCGhn n U
n n ar nCG uSn oCG `13
r n SBr an ,o bo u n oJ o nBGhn mnr nd

n GnP nn r n Sr Gp `
t pjn
n n N
n s oK prp nf nYn
n en
n nJhn o Gon b n n
.k pHOn
(L H G Y)
.onnXp hn nnnSG
r hn ,onnpaYn jp
o rn dG O
n n nSr Gp p n jo pn H oCer nCG `14
.pnrp dpH k p n r eo
o S
p n Yn pnKnnpH jp
n rn n Sr Gp :n U
o rn dG t pKntdG
o r p rdG
..................................................................................
p rdG n Sr Gp
p Yn
o Ypo Q
n eo
o r p rdG
p
ol r eo
p
o r jo
n rn bnCG
n rn cnCG
n n Tr nCG
n n Sr nCG
n
n rfCnG
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
170
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p n jo n pH nGn n rdG oCer nCG `15

.pnp rdpH k p n r eo
o S
p Yp nrdG n Sr Gp
o Yo Qp
n eo
o r rp dG
lpHnoe
opHnoj
n Hn nb
n an U
n
n an GOo
n Q
n Tn
n ndYn
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
p n jo pn H nGnn rdG oCer nCG `16

.pnrp dpH k p n r eo
o S
p rdG n Sr Gp
p Yn
o Ypo Q
n eo
ul n eo
uo n jo
o r p rdG
.......................... ..........................
sn Yn
S
n Qs On
n s bn
sn Sn
.......................... ..........................
n s bn
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
:phn r
n rdG pa n o u U
n oCGhn
u s dG pa p Yp nrdG An n Sr nCG o uSn oCG `17
nYr nCG k paGQn
n rdG
n r Hn Hk n r eo on r tdG nJnCG
n
n rn fBan p jpnrdG ndEGp n rn fBG s M
n pn Yr nCGhn p pFn
Gk p U
n eo ppfn Hn
n Gk u
n ek ,o L
n GOn hr nCG
k panf Ap n
n rdG pa
n s M
n hn .V
n Qr nCG ppH Hk Qp V
n o n fr Pn kcu
.Pp nordG
n pe o
n p U
n o sfnCcn
k rSn in Hr nCGhn
n nSn hn o jpnrdG n s
n n an .k sn eo
(H
,OVh Qf ,b gdG)
q
171
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
Op s
n ro dG u pKntdG p r p rdG
n pe p Yp nrdG o Sr Gp
jpn rdG u pKntdG p r p rdG

n pe p Yp nrdG o Sr Gp
....................................... .......................................
o r pe p ro rn dG o Sr Gp
o Ypo Q
n eo
Qn r eo
p
o Qr jo
n hn r
n rdG oCer nCG `18
o r p rdG
n Qn Or nCG
n n Hr nCG
n n Sr nCG
n
n aQr nCG
n Qn Or nCG
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
p a m SBr G o
: mjpen m r pa
r pe
x n r eo m Yn
s c pJBG
u dG
s o uSn oCG `19
on tr dG nnchn .kn Tp hn k np K o Sn rCGQn kp eo ,k p Hn knp d vbOn so aOn
t o jn ln
r en t rn dG nnc
p n r eo
p pfnb pncn M
Gk U
o p jo k
u n n eo n NB
n G ndEGp o or jn n gno pchn ,p
n k u n n eo
k jr nCG n go o Sn rCGQn
.pnr nrdG n n
r nd
(OVh Qf ,b gdG)
r pe
s o TBr G udG jp
o rn dG
o r p rdG
p Yp nrdG o Sr Gp
....................................... .......................................
....................................... .......................................
....................................... .......................................
....................................... .......................................
172
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pnp rdpH k p n r eo mcs n eo ndEGp nIOn n r o rdG n pr s dG

o u M
n oCG `1
.pgn s dG
.k gn Pn GQk Gn Sp pN
n pe GQk Gn Sp pN
r oCG
r n n Tr Gp r oCG
r n n Tr Gp ............................. - .kjs pgn M
k soJ kbho r U
o Om o
r en nfQp L
n ndEGp
o rn M
n .k jr Rn Gk r pd
............................. n jpr Yp pIs
n rdG pa
o r n U
n ............................. .kp nM Gk rpd njpr Yp oIn jpnrdG noJn n nH p r oJ .T
k n bo pGn r pe peo n rjn p oCG -2
.nIOn n r o rdG n pr s dG o uSn oCGhn mes nJ m n
o pH pn pJBG pnp Sr nCG
r Yn
o L
............................. -
...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... -
?ko Yo pnfGn n
n rdG
o n rWnCG n go en ?jp
k Q Qp o tdG
o n L
r nCG n go en ?kJr U
n p pa
n n rdG
o n Yr nCG n go en ?ksL
o pn Sr nCG o n cr nCG n go en ?Gk ren pnfGn n
n rdG o ncr nCG n go en -
p oCG `3
.onn Xp hn ouYn oCGhn
s p pr sdG ncs n o rdG o uSn oCGhn msenJ m n opH pnp Sr nCG rYn oL
.............................p n dG
?p n dG
s ap Gk r Tn r cn s ap
?pn dG
s pa Yk o Sr oCG r cn ?p r nrdG pa ker nj rcn -
.....................................
.....................................
?pYn dG
s pa n n pbOn r cn p n eo
:mS
x p pr nJ mcs n o pH
o p cr CoG `4
nrfnCGhn V
k Qr nCG .........nnd nonj rnCG nt o njnCG{ : ............. p r o rdG npe oornj m rp pd npb
z?
o n M
r nCG
p Qr nCG o pHnCan p r M
o gn r jn hn V
o s nYn p
r jn rnCG
o N
n nCG{ :
n nb ,z?n pd ph{ :o nd
n p an ,zn{ :
n nan
.zp r M
o s nYn nr jn hn dp en
....................................
173
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
.pn pJBG p n
o rdG pa p U
o r n rdG n SBr G o uSn oCG `6
n Hr nCG n pH nop n
r jn hn nM
o sn dG n o bs n n jn u dG p js CG
n pe n gr hn ,p n nrdG pGn U
r CnG u L
n o r jn n go .p n sdG p Gn br nCGhn prCdG
s p
r npH op or rdG
n pe kIOn Yn oojn iudG Qn onrdG Ao n u dG t p oJhn m npM
r BG
nJp n roM pa udG t pFnHo r nrdG Qt u dna : p ho rpdG npe npU
o lAr Tn n s nan nan r nW ou on J n ornM .pho r prdG
r pe
n pdPn tco ,
n nJn
n r pe ppH
n Tr n an udG Ao np rdGhn
n n r Tn ppH
o u on J udG or o rdGhn
p n an
p r nJhn
udG p Ho d
s pH
n s eq CnGhn An n rdG
n r ndEGp n naOn udG n go
n ho r p rdG sCnG o
n n L
r hn
o
...pho r prdG
n pe o s pgr t dG o Ot Gn en
r L
n p
r o SBr G
.pGn Yr Ep G pen nYn ndEGp o pn rfnCGhn (pn sdG ,pGnsdG) : pnu dG nnen
o o cr nCG `7
?n o rYn pprKs nM .............. pnn jpU
n prnSG
n Qn rgn ?m oSr oCG o roe n Sn Qn r n rdG GQn On nZ ............ pGnp rudG rne .n o n r nrZCnG ................ p r nJn ap s dG
r n ar Gp `: s pdU
o r n rdG
n cs n o rdG o uSn oCGhn (
r en ) hr nCG (en ) ```pH
o u cn oCG `8
.z?
o n p rdG
n gn Pn
n jr nCG ,o qdG jn { : mn gr n pH Oo Ou n jo n gr hn prn rdG jn Ghn Rn n p L
n
n u n jo u L
n
n GQn .Am r pn H ond nrYp n ........````nc o gn nnJnCGhn ,prnj ..........o n Tr nCG orco hn
( ,S ,f Fe)
.dp n udG n p Sn no dr G
n n nW ............. .n
n M
n
n Qn Rn .........hn ,n L
n hn s cn ........... .phn r
n rdG pa n o u U
n oCGhn p jr n
o r o pH nIn jpn rdG n s pKnudG
n n ar nCG o uSn oCG `9
.k rn
n a k rTn op rnnr Jhn oInnrdG n pa o sn nnJhn onAnnnJhn on rn nnJ o njr n rdG rnfnc .pho ordG n
r nf Qo p
n r nJ
o r dG
s
r nfnc 174
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
.SCGh
````q HdG
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
p nf
?o L
n Gn nJnCG r nCG o s n nJnCG
r gn : r
o pFSn oCG nfnCGh kp bn
o Or Os n nJ .
n n go hn n go
r n nn rfBGhn
r nnbnn Jhn Qp
n Tr CnG
o GQn hr CnG
r s n U
r Gp `p jr n
o r o pH o jpn rdG t pKntdG
o r p rdG
n n n ar Gp
n n n rfGp
n s n nJ
s n ar Gp
n Yn nnJ
................ ................ ................ ................ ................

................ ................ ................ ................ ................
n hn r
n rdG oCer nCG `10
o r p rdG
Qn On U
n
p o r n rdG o Sr Gp
o Yo Qp
n eo
Ql On
n eo
Qo Op
n jo
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
p o r n rdG o Sr Gp
o Yo Qp
n eo
n gn Yn
Hn L
n
.pnp rdpH kp nr oe nhn r nrdG oCrenCG `11
o r p rdG
Qs n eo
o Qu n jo
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
175
n gn Tn
On Qn nW
n Qs On
On s Hn
nscn
n s Yn
s U
n
q dG Iqce
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
ppH
p nCG Gk n
p b n
o r bo en ppa
o U
v f
o o cr nCG .pnp rdGhn p
n
o rdG
n pe k sSn
o rCn an
n dG
q
o r n
n b `1
.(Op n n rdG pn n pd ,p r s dG pn n pd ,ppcrCs pd) k Yn u n n eo oonJ
u bn nCG nYn mjs p pr nJ mn cs n eo n nKnnK
o p r n Sr nCGhn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
:pndU
o r n rdG Ap n Sr nCG npe m SBr G uopH k nr oL ocu Qn oCG `2
.......................................................................... (udG) ........................................................................... (udG) ............................................................................ (rne) .......................................................................... (
n judG) ......................................................................... (pJsdG) ......................................................................... (pGnsdG) ............................................................................ (en ) p b n
.pn pJBG pfn n rdpH k p n r eo k s qdU
o r en mn cs n eo ppa
o p r n Sr nCG Gk n
v f
o prfoCG `3
o p r jo p s
s p pQnpH n npa
n rdG nho p n r jn S
o s dG nnc/.p Ss dpH p s
n n rdG o nprcGp
n n rdG o jpeo /.pr dG
p
n rdG o ho bo /.p pFnbs dG

n r Hn o N
s nCn n Sn n npa
n rdG snCG
n jpV
n rdG
r onJ r nd n s p nd/n r ndEGp pscs dG
o Gn Sr EGp /pnpa
p nCGh/
..... o npanrdG rnJnCG Gk N
n rpgpYp nne ndEGp p SsdG oIOn r Yn /nIn p nro rdG n npanrdG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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176
q dG Iqce
.SCGh
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
````q HdG
p nCG Gk n
p b n
n nKnpK kp r n r eo ,mIOn nph po
r en p Gn
r pSr p pjs pnn rdG pa ppH
o r bo en ppa
o U
v f Qo u M
n oCG `4
.
o r eo mn cs n eo
u bn nCG nYn ps pdU
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p noe m Yp na nSBr G p rSn nr b nrnH Op Qp Grn dG p r p rdG npe oU
:
u sdG nInAGn pb o Yp oCGhn kS
o nCG `5
....... (nn nSr Gp ) pn Yq nCG nrnH ......... (nsnn J) p VQr nCG nYn ........(nndn rfGp ) ono sdG nnbr nCGhn
(nnnH) pSp rCGn pH ....... (nan On ) Ap n rdG pa on an
s
n n nan ,pjpnrdG ndEGp nU
n hn snM n nsdGhn nr dG
.n pF
n rdG o n rHn n pH
o p r jo mnn Sn
r Yn ...........
(q H ,OVh Qf ,b gdG)
.Gk jpL
n n
v f
o o cr nCGhn pn pJBG pfn n rdpHhn p pHdG
s
u s dG pa pIOn Qp Grn dG ppcGn s dpH
o p n Sr nCG ` CG `6
o o p n
o ns dG o jpnr J/p SrCGs dG o ar Qn /pn M
r nC ppar Yo
o jp
r nJ/t go t dG) pju dG o ho bo
r J/pQn r n qdG ndEGp o odU
o h/(p
p n
.(pr nL
r p pH p VQr nCG
o r nf/
o n dG/
u pr M
n pH
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
. 6 p jpr sdG npe zCG{ Ap r oG pa n orn r nSBr G udG p Yp nrdG nAn Sr nCG o uSn oCG `
.pIOn s no rdG p n ar nCG ndEGp opnrfnCGhn ,po r n rdG nSBr Ghn p Yp nrdG nSBr G tnTr nCG `7
p o r n rdG o Sr Gp
p Yp nrdG o Sr Gp
o r p rdG
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
n nrZnCG
iOn nf
neQn
Qn On nH
177
q dG Iqce
.SCGh
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
SOdG IMdG
dG YGb SG
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
````q HdG
Qn s bn
s nL
Yn r nSr Gp
nCn er Gp
n n n rfGp
n L
n hn
s n n Sr Gp
n
s n nJ
.pn pds dG p n ar nCG

n pe ms n r eo m o r en Ap n Sr nCpH hr nCG m Yp na Ap n Sr nCpH nGn n rdG oCer nCG `8
.
n ,n bn n nJ ,nHn n nJ ,
n jn n
n J ,
n n nV
r Gp ,
n
n U
n
n nrJnCG ,n bn hn ,
n sM
n ,
n s U
..........
r n s
n nJhn ................ ..........Ap n rdG p rSn
n nr a S
n Qn r s dG
o Gn Sr CnG
r en s M
n
p
p
p
p
............in N
r oCG kfn M
r nCG ............ k M ............A
n r n rdG n
n L
r nCpH ..............
p Q rpe
.n pnZRn hn n jp
(G jdG Y)
p n eo m Yp na p SBr pH p r Sn nr b
.mS
n r Hn n go en V
o u Yn oCGhn pJBG
pjr n
p rdG gn Gn jn
n r pe (o an r jn h)
n pr nfPo oCG (t o jn h)
n o Sn rCGQn
o u
n o an p p dG
s pIn
r p pH pr nYn (
r nn br nCG r bn h)
n Qo n
p p r nJ nYn n n p o pd o r pe (
o p n r nJ) gn Gn jn en n r Yp o Sn rCGQn o Wp rC njo s oK ,mp Hn
r pe p p dG
s n
n pFGQn (
o p r n r jn h)
n
p.In
p
r rdG
(G ShdG )
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
.pn dG
u
n n M
n m o r en p SBr pH p r Sn nr b
n r Hn On Qn hn en V
k u n eo
p oLs dG nYn rnnMhn ,pjpdp
n nrdGp ) pIn p dG
s pndph sdG nYn pp nrdG nnrpa (V
n s ne)```rdG rn V
n hn
s H (
n
m
p
m
.zo nr bo jn p r
n rdG
n n U{
n : aN
n r p
n H
o onJ n gr hn (On s en )```rdG
(IOjR e)
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
178
fEG Gqce
```````HdG
q
q SSCG IqcG
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p oCG s oK Qn s
:pn pJBG pnp Sr nCG p Yn
o L
n o rdG n n r n rdG
o es nCnJnCG ` CG
.................................................................. ?Oo s dG
s n
n L
n
n jr nCG `
........................................................................ ?
o n r jn GnPe `
.............................................................. ?prdG
s ndEGp ngn Pn nne `
..................................................................... ?o n en n N
n nCG GnPen `
p oCG s oK pJBG Qn s
.pnp Sr nCG
r Yn
o L
n o rdG n n r n rdG
o es nCnJnCG `
?pr
n rdG pa Oo u dG
s n L
n hn GnPen `
p rdpH Oo u dG
?Ap Gn
s
o n r jn GnPen `
?o p n r jn Oo s dG
s n p Hn r cn `
?or
n rdG
n s
n nJ en n r Yp Oo s dG
s
n n an GnPen `
.n
s p rdG ppH prfoCG Gk n r en o So Qr nCG `
180
q SSCG IqcG
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
.p r n nr L
o pa o o r Sn Qn udG pn r n rdG
r Yn o u Yn oCG ` O
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p r n pJBG p jr n n r n rdG
o es CnJGn `2
p oCG `
:pn pJBG pnp Sr nCG
r Yn
o L
.o Qo n
r nJ k Sr Gm p r nr udG
n pe m rWp
u opd pYr nCG `
........................:.qdG qdG SEG...........................:hCq G qdG SEG
?pnr udG
o n rjn
n jr nCG `
...................................................................................
?pnn rnj GnPne `
...................................................................................
?nn M
n GnPen `
...................................................................................
p b n
E p Ghn p jr Qn s
.m n
n o rdG p jr n n r n rdpH
o p n Sr nCG `
x f p jp
r nJ pa n r nYn
o r
n M
n u dG pHn L
n
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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181
q SSCG IqcG
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p pFs dG nIn rp rdG

:pnKnsdG
u s dG p r
n bnCG
r pe m r pb
u opd n s
o o cr nCG-3
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
o V
r hn
pjn Gn prdG
........................
........................
Sp
........................ p o n
dG
........................ t n s
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
o V
r hn
pjn n u dG
p nf N
p nCGhn
n ep p jr n pFYn
l
o r co n pHs dG p js nCG
r pe m r jn pa
s n rdG
n jp sdG n rnHn rEGp en hn .p Gn br nCG nYn k r en p n nrdG
p rdG o M
pa
n L
s n n an .Sk n an p n r jn pGn
n nCG n cn Qn Or nCG s M
n
p
p
p
n rdG
o r V
n hn rnCG en sfnCG sEGn .p Sn n rdG
n nr a n cn Qr nCGhn
pIQn Yo r ncn S
o n n rdG
r s gn s M
n pcn u dG pa p L
r Qp
GM
o GQn m nr Tn
n rdnCG snCnna pnfo
r nnc ho r nJ
r nn nWhn
ppa o rnJ msn oe n rnZ ojp sdG nnchn Rm n r pe prdnCpH n nfho p r nj
p rdGhn
p paGn nrdG nbr hn on Sr nCG orco hn oIQn n
n nrdGhn o n ordG
p rdG n Yn
o snn n Sn n r pe
x nCG n Yn pQOr nCG n an pIQn n
pp jn
r Yn
o jr nCGn an p jp sdG pa k nn r eo
o rnHn .pn
o r L
o
p rdG
p
p r nd p rp pHhn .pr p rdG p
r pfhn m r pe ou o pH pIQn
n
n pe GQk Gn L
p rdG n
r nd n s p ndhn .pQGn
o jr n nd p
n n rdG
r nf p Sn nrdG S
n CrGQn
p rdG n r bn
gn Qo r U
n n nnJQr BGhn .pQGn
r ndh
n
n an
n bt n s dG r p n nr J
p U
p nCG
o M
n hn N
s nna V
k Qr nCG S
o n n rdG
r n gn hn m pcn m
n
n pH
pgn Pr nCGhn n o ngn Pr nCG en s nn dhn n nd
n en n
o rpbo ufnCG p Sn n rdG
r ndhn ,m Tr N
r pe
u bn nCG pa
n n rfnCG rnCG
n nhn m r L
o npH mn pbOn
p J
.m np Hn m VV
n o pH sEGp S
o n n rdG
r o
:phn r
n rdG pa n Hn o rn rdG pnfn n rdG
u s dG
n pe
o p
r n Sr nCG `4
udG on nrdG
n Gn p VB
r G
n N
n Or nCG
................
................
................
................
................
................
p n rdG
p
s
G k js pgn pn Tr nCG rnCG nIn N
n cn Qr nCG rnCG
n r bn pd n nN
n
r dG
s
p
m
n e m pcn r bo nYn
n n r Yn
r n bn nn a .eu oC
............ ........ Rp r n rdG
s
o r V
n hn hn .msSn pa o o r V
n hn hn .o o jr n n TBr an
............ ........ n en n sdG
p n rdG p r nX nYn
p pFGn M
n pe m js nCG n r Hn hn .pIn N
n pbHn
............ ........
p p
p
p p r hn kpbGhn
o r co p n dG
s
............ ........ In Nn rdG en u n eo n r Y M
p
n k njpnZ kJGn U
r nCGhn k n
n n
r b on Sr nCG pH GnPGE p hn
............ ........ .rN
n n nnj pGOn r pb nngo GnPGE p hn tn nrdBan
............ ........ ...pRr n dr pH pnTG
182
q SSCG IqcG
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p hn oCG `
:pn pJBG pnp Sr nCG p Yn pHn L
n Ep G pndh
n
n o pH p pHdG
s
u s dG n Hn n pc
o UG
?phGs dG on r nj GnPne `
...............................................
?oRn r ne Ot p nr nj rgn `
...............................................
?p jr On r p rdG n en
...............................................
o en n n jn
n r cn `
p
............................................... in N
r oCG ms
r
n pH nn n SG
r
r gn `
p U)
............................................... n pe
l L
n Qp ,p jr On r p rdG
o M
n
p
p
?(...n dG
...............................................
s
p
p
?jn n u dG a o er nCG
...............................................
n BG e ndEGn `
p nn rdG pnfndG p hn r nrdG npe Qo nN
s sdG n pH np cr oC n nS
r nCG `5
nYn l sdGOn lGn M
r nCG l sdGOn
l GQn n Yp hn
l GOn n r eo
p
onn rdG
os
r dG
s
pGn p VB
p
p
Gn VB
r G
r G nYn
kInC
kMho rne pnr sdG o njrDhQo
Ro on rdG oInCGr n rdG
r an
ojp sdG
p
pjn r n rdG pa
GnPEp a
.lIn pegn l sL
o o sfnCcn
o nr sdG
pdG
sEGp n pg en hn
t pa
....snM .....nCG nehn
p jp sdG p nn r eo pa
...snM.... r nnj rndhn
rp ndhn
n pdp rne ndEGp n n jp nW rn N
s p sjnCG rpe m pr j Ap n ne pa
n nCGhn pdG
t npe Ro on rdG
r On Yn pOp n rdG prdG
n pe n o rJn n TBr G p r n L
n L
n On in N
r oCpH
o p
r nJhn k s bo n jr n jn in rMEp pH
o p r oJ
r nfnchn .pjn r n rdG
n pe pjpn rdG
.p Gn p rdGhn p nLs dG p rnH p rnH rpe p nr nr o rdG pa oonHr nSn ne ap o un oJ rnfnchn .pdG
t
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
pnM
p ndEGp rn snnJhn .p rnnLnLs dG r
p nJ rnd n sfnCG n cn ,pnr spd Gk nKnCG r
p nJ rnd Ro on rdG rOn Yn s ndhn
.n p n nW nYn rnepnfhn pnr sdG
183
q SSCG IqcG
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p nn rdG pnfnnrdG p hn r nrdG npe Qo nN

.vjOp r Sn n
v f oprfoCGhn n nS
r nCG `6
nYn l sdGOn lGn M
r nCG
pGn p VB
r G
mZGQn o n bn n sn nJ
nRo Gn sdG oofGn r pa
o o M
r n s dG
oodGh
t
sdGOn
l GQn n Yp hn
l GOn n r eo
pGn p VB
r G nYn
kInC
r an
GnPEp an
sEGp n pg en hn
.......s M
n .....rEGp en hn
.....snM .....r nnj rndhn
rp ndhn
o s
r dG
s
onn rdG
l Op Yn p rnrdG p Wp Tn nYn
l Zp GQ p r s dG p Wp Tn nYn
on r So
p r prdG pan M
n nYn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
n n r n rdG
o es nCnJnCG ` CG `7
p n eo
.pn r n rpd mS
x Op r Sn n
x f pHn n p pd o uN
n oCG `
...............................................................pGn M
r nCG nnen Oo u M
n oCG `
.......................................................................n nfen Rn Oo u M
n oCG `
p pFs dG n s
p
............................................................ns
r dG
s Oo u nMoCG `
p
..............................................knpbr n oe hr nCG kIn Yp n oe in N
r oCG k s
r Tn Qo nN
r nCG `
p noe kIn rpa oocr nCG `
......................................................pnjGn prdG p V
r n pd k nS
184
q SSCG IqcG
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p n eo kIn rpa
.pjn n u dG p V
r n pd k n S
o o cr nCG `
p noe p rnJn rpa oocr nCG `
.mt nsdG pnp pd p rnnS
p n eo n
.o oJr
n rfnCG udG pp
r s dpH k p n r eo
n pHdG
s pn r n rpd k S
v f Qo u M
n nCG `8
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
185
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
n s gn hn
n Wp nn a
n nn bhn
n n r n pd m r jn Gn
n P s nn a
gn nn n Mn
p rdG p SrCGQn nYn
r a
r sM
n hn oIn os rdG
r Q
n nna
mY
n r pe
r nn nWhn
n n L
n ndEGp n
r an r
n fBGhn o nr cn nn a .gn On n rWnCGhn
.nIn Y
n n ro dG
.pr n r Yn
hn
n rp dG
r nCn an hn
o n L
n gn
ndEGp
Yn n Sr nCGhn
r Yn n Tn hn p rp dG p jp nW ap
n
s pa
n nn a nn Sn s M
n
n rn bnCan p nrn dG j
n pTn
o rp dG nnchn .p p dG
p n pa hn n
p r Hn nYn k n peBG
.n NG
r T
n Yn hn p pd qdG pn pd Qo tdG
r Mp
n an
dG
S
q
jp nW nYn v Yo lIn s bo
r n
n sJGp
pnr dEGp Oo Os n n jn
Vh
jdG
p p rpd nnchn .ppa

r V
n Hn hn
Vh
jGdG
p n jo en pIQn dG
:
o S
t nnen
o o cr nCGhn pJBG
:
u bn nCG nYn p r n nr L
o pn pJBG ppgn n rdG
n pe mn r en
u co
n
r nJ
o o cr nCG-CG-2
.......................... .......................... ..........................

.......................... .......................... ..........................
.......................... .......................... ..........................
.......................
........................ ........................
186
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
````q HdG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
p b n
.pn pHdG
s ppgn n rdG p Yn ppa o u Yn oCG m n
x f p n rfEGp pa n o r n cn u dG p n
o rdpH
o p n Sr nCG `
................................................................
................................................................
pnjGpn rdG oV
n hn
................................................................ p
t
n dG
s
n n Sp
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
.n
x f pHn n pc pa pJBG p hn r r
n dG pa On Qn hn pn H
o p n Sr nCG `3
GMCG gCG
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
o s
r dG
s
o n peRr nCG
r
o udG
p r sdG Sh
o n Yn
p n nn dG
o s
u dG
s
o n dG
s
oAn rn dG
p r n rdG
n penc
eCG
p
o r rn dG
ojp sdG
o r s dG
................................................................ p
jn Gn prdG o V
n hn
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................ p
t
n s dG
n n Sp
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
187
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
````q HdG
pJBG
n V
o r n rdG oCGn br nCG `4
n n nVn
r a ,p SQr dG
s pYn
n b ndEGp l pF nW
n N
n On kInCn
r ahn ,p SQr dG
s pa
n p p n r eo p r p rdG pa r o or c
pa o er nCG pnr dEGp B
n G en hn nn bhn en ppa phnr J jv Op r Sk n
v f
r ro cGo .V
n nr rdG
r s Yn hn
o ndG
u
.pjn n u dG
p anCG ` CG
.po rn rdG rYn nr ro dG
o r
o
o rrn dG
or G
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
p n jo en pn pJBG Qp nar nCG

.
n n rn ro dG
n V
o r rn dG
o S
n pe Q
o n N
r nCG `
p s dG Q
pYn nb ndEGp m pF nW
o
n prfG/pp n n dG pa p n rWnCG
o n p rfGp
o N
o Oo /pM
n dG
s pa p pe
p pens dG Oo Gn r pSr G/pp SQr s dG
p n rWnCG
o Gn U/
o mGn p VB
r G ndEGp Ao ho o rdG
o t
n nJ/pn r
o rdG unn pd
pIOn Yn p p un o rdG
p VB
o nhn
n eo /ppF sdG ndEGp p n rWnCG
o tnnJ/ppF sdG
o Gn
r G/r o
o jo
n nJhn
p GOn QrCnrdG An
n N
o pNG
r /h
n o
o rdG p pF sdG o ndh
n
n eo /pp n
r o rdG p
r p rdG ndEGp Ap ho o rdG
p rdG
pGQn r opH F
p sdG o nJp Qr G/m Inp a
p s dG ndEGp hr nCG pn rdG ndEGp pF sdG Ap Gn p gr Gp o n Y/
n p nfGn
p r s dGhn p r dG
nYn
n t dG
s hn
n r nqdG p n rWCnG o ndh
n
n eo /p
s pa p u n o rdG
o n p rfGp /pIQ
pa p pF sdG pIn Yn
n o pd p paGn s dG
o r an /pTn Qr n rdG ndEGp
n n rWCnG p u n o rdG o n an Gn eo /p pF udG
.p r p rdG ndEGp Ap ho o rdG oIOn r Yn /p ho
o rdG ndEGp p pF udG Ao Gn pgr Gp /
n ho
o rdG
188
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
.pJBG p hn r
n rdpH k p n r eo pnKnudG
u s dG p rn bnCG nYn n oJr n N
r BG u dG Qn nar nCG
o Ru hn nCG ` O
................................................................
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n hn
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n dG
s
n n Sp
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r hn
................................................................
p b n
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v f
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n hn
p
.................................
e
n
n
c
n n n
p nCG ,ks
p
(on U
c
o
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o nN
r nCG)
s
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s
o
n n o nr
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p t
n s dG
n n Sp
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n GnPhn
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n o co Pr nCG)
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p
pd
n
r
n
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u
s
r
s
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p M
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r en bn en
r nCG)
.....................................................
p
r G u dG o s
r dG
s
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..................................................... npe n nu neoCG rnCG
n rfnCG nhn
.....................................................
p
r oCG ms
r pn H pnfn pSr p G
..................................................... in N
.....................................................
189
(nr n rdG n nd o u n oJ
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
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q HdG fEG
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6
pjn n dG
u o V
r hn
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Se mjpf Y onrHnCG)
..................................................... n n o n n r n
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u s pd
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n V
o nr G oCGrn bnCG ` CG `6
pp
r nJhn n nd u
n sdG nYn psdG
t op nL nhn n nan l nKQp nc ropnjr bn hr nCG ropnjpn rsnM
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r nCG
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r pe pdgn nCG ppH n nb en ppa p
r nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr Go
.n
u f Hn n p pd o uN
n oCG `
ooSo ,
l M
n :pjn ppn H hr nCG pjn nr pH
n n M
r nCG udG n nr
n dG Oo u M
n oCG `
l jn Qp ,
l nf
n n an ,jp
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p
/pGn M
n oCG/n pfen Rn hn pGn M
r nCG p obho nnen Oo u M
n oCG `
r nCpH o p n
r n Sn dG
u ps
r dG
s Oo u M
.onKQp nrdG o r n bn hr nCG en s gn nCG Oo u M
n oCG .pho n dG
n b en s gn nCG Oo u M
n oCG s n pg nen hn pdgn CnG ppH n
.pdgn nCG n pH n nb pqdG p n Yr nCG n
n pnf o co Pr nCG .pnKnsdG
n M
n dG
u peo
n nr G n
n n
r eo
t p n Sr nCG u dG
s p rn bnCG pp n
r J pa n nr Yn r
o
pjn n dG
u o V
r hn
p t
n dG
s
o n Sp
pjGn pn rdG o V
r hn
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190
qLdG IqcG
(1 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
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.o oJr
n rfnCG p qdG pp
r s dpH k p n r eo
s s dG Qo u M
n nCG `
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................................................................
pjGn pn rdG o V
n hn
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n s dG
n n Sp
................................................................
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191
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p n eo mjn Gn pH n V
pa On Qn hn n pH k p n r eo n o nd k S
n hn
o o cr nCGhn pjn n u dG n V
r hn hn p t
n s dG
n n Sp oCGn br nCG `1
.pnpJBG pbn nprdG
sco m pQ ocr nCG/kN
n r N
n m pQ ocr nCG/nn nn rdG m pQ oN
o Oo /oonr Z/m n nW pa oo V
r h/p
n r
n rdG oAGn Tp
.p n rn rdpH mnMCp On oLho n/ro rnj rnd k rTn snCcn pp spd m pQ oho N
o /p r
n rdG
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
pjn Gn prdG o V
n hn
p nJ r nan p n rWnCG nYn

o r pe r
n r
n rdG
n Ru on J rnCG t oCG
r On GQn nCG Ap n n rdG n r Hn hn
n nf r nd{ :k p L
n GHo L
n Cnan p r
n rdG
r Yn r o r ndCnSn hn gn An n Hr CnG
r On n an .k r Tn
.o oco rCnJ r nd r osfnCG pspd o r
n rdG{ :
r ndnan .zN
k r N
n
o co rCnf r ndhn N
k r N
n
Sp
n o rnZ nr
n rdG Gngn snCG Go nYr Gm
n rZnC ppH ornJnCG r n ndhn ,p rcnCpd m pdU
p t nsdG nnSp
p oCG
pa mjpTn m nn pH
n U
l
r Tn oncn nCG GnPGE p hn .pn jpnrdG pa in sdG
pIn r
n rdG
o en n Yn n r n Yn
r n Hn hn m pQ o L
r hn s n M
r B an .zp pJn p en
.n n rHn
o p r oJ
r Yn n Sr CnGhn pGn p VG
r hn
n rndEGp n seoCG rYn n Sr nCGhn ,n rnYn n oJn N
r EGp n
n na n rndEGp op nrdG n snnJ
.n o Jp n oJhn n o p r noJ
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
p n eo m t
.mS
n nJ pn Sp p jp
r nJ pa n pH
o p n Sr nCGhn n n pJBG nGn M
r nCG
o uJQn oCG `2
p n oJ
.
n cn r n rdG o L
o n Sr nCG .pGn
r p pH
n n Sr CnG
o p
r jn
o n jEGp -
.ppHnCG
n Qp nb o n M
r hn
o cn r jn
o n jEGp .
n Gn
r p rdG
o u
n jo
o n jEGp -
.m pcn mcn r en Qo o oX .nn jEGp oIn rnf -
.Am ho o pH o s n n jn
o cn r n rdG .p Tr p rdG pn Sr nCG rpe mYn o rne Qo o oX -
192
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p o r eo n
p jo
o nd
r
n n Sn n sco pr ndGE p
o gn r jn nnchn ,pp nU
r n rdG
t
o n jGE p nnc
mnM
r p pH o ojn o sfnC pH o o
r jn hn p Wp dG
s nYn
o p n an pjr n pdGhn n en hr GnC ppN
r GoC n en o U
n r o rdG
.mjs p
r Hn
pjn Gn prdG o V
r hn
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
p t
n s dG
o n Sp
r Yn hn orYn nonrnj onN

r oCGhn onHnCGhn oseoCG n nLnn a p Wp dG
s ndEGp on jEGp nU
n hn
.nIs n rdG pp gn o
o pen jo rnCG r o r pe
n n nWhn ,n bn hn en r o nd n
n an .pQp nrdG
n sco pr dG
s pnM
n Qn pa o n en o n N
o rCjn rnCG o Ho nCG o n Yn hn hn o p nrdG o
n en n
n a
.oU
n r o rdG
r
n n Sn
pnjn udG oV
r hn
:pJBG
n V
o r n rdG oCGn br nCG ` CG `3
p hn ,nnpa
r nU
n hn
n M
n rdG
n r pcQn .ppjn r bn hr nCG ppn jpen pa ppJQn jn p pd
n o jpU
n
n Yn On p no rdG in M
r EGp pa
p nJ rnd
...nQp nprfBG pa nn jpU
n r
.npnrMQp pa nan On U
n ne sco ppa o
t nJ vjOp r Sn n
v f rocr Go
.kIn p Sn o n jn n fp
o n L
r CnGhn n
u f p Hn n p dp o uN
n CoG `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
193
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
6
.n
u f Qo u M
n oCG `
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
pjn Gn prdG o V
r hn
p t
n s dG
o n Sp
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
.JpBG
n V
o r n rdG oCGn br nCG ` CG `4
.p jp sdG pa mGn n M
n nYn
n r nn an p pr n rdG ndEGp Gk pFYn
n r co pIOn Qp n rdG Ap n dG
u p js CnG
r pe m r jn pa
ndEGp
n r Yo m r jn
n GnPhn .nan n jn nCGn Hn s M
n ppH Ap n pYr G pa
n r n n L
r BGhn p pr n rdG ndEGp
n n en o nJr N
n Cnan
p nJ rnan p prn rdG
...nGn nnrdG r
.pnjn udG pa o renCG prndEGp nBG ne n co r nJ rnCG
n rnJ nhn nn nM ne sco ppa o
t nJ vjOp r Sn n
v f rocr Go
.kn jpM
n o n jn n fp
o n L
r CnGhn n
u f p Hn n p dp o uN
n CoG `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
194
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
qOrq dG s dG pnHpd ou NCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
6
.n
u f Qo u M
n oCG `
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
pjn Gn prdG o V
r hn
p t
n s dG
o n Sp
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
:pJBG
n V
o G
r oCGrbCG `
...
n et CG
n rJOn nf kIC
r an hn ,
n pHUC
r G
r pe m r L
n
o n rnJ
n r co
.ppH
n r bo en ppa hr nJ jv Or S f
v
r o cr Go
:n
u f pnHnp pd o uNn GC `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
195
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
p eo m t
.pjn n u dGhn pjn Gn prdG pa An Ln n pH k p n r eo k S
n nJ
n Sp
o o cr GC
n r n
n rfG .n pdp r en
r pe pn jpn rdG Ap
n rn dG pa pp spd pM
n nCG n r jn pbnaQp n en
o r n n L
r G
.pp sdG pa nYr n Tn hn .p n n rdG pIn opd mIGQnoe p rn jpan ndEG
pjn n u dG
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
p t
n s dG
p nCG nan Yk p r eo A
o An nn JnCG nfnCGhn p pr n `rdG ndEGp

o r o an ,Gk M
n nCG r L
n rn rdG ndEG
o r L
n Qn
.pIGQn n o `rdG n
n pnf
r Yn
pnjn udG
.
n V
o nr G oCGn br nCG -CG
pa gn o M
n G o o r nJ o pa
n nCG n bn nn a
s
n n rdG
r An L
n ...o o bo r nJ
n p Hn hn p pa
n n rdG pr
n pd
v an
n r V
n hn
...
r p ndhn ppHr
n nd pr ndEG
n Yr n Sr nCan ...
u n rdG
.pnjn udG o renCG prndEGp nBG ne pa ounoJhn n nKOp nG ppa o
t nJ vjOp r Sn n
v f rocr Go
.no rnGh nr oG Oo u nMoCG -
o rnG
nr oG
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
196
qLdG IqcG
(2 iG)
qOdG q dG Hd qNCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
Qo u M
n oCG s oK o uN
n oCG -
Qo u M
n oCG
.............................................. ..............................
.............................................. ..............................
.............................................. ..............................
.............................................. ..............................
p t
n s dG
n n Sp
.............................................. ..............................
.............................................. ..............................
.............................................. ..............................
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
.............................................. ..............................
.............................................. ..............................
.............................................. ..............................
pjn Gn pdG n V
r hn
o uN
n oCG
197
q q dG Iqce
q Or q dG s dG pHn pd ou NCG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
pjn n u dG o V
r hn p t
n s dG
n n Sp p jn Gn pdG n V
r hn
.
x Op r Sn n
x f p nrfEG pa p nj n pH op nSr nCG ` 1
nYn
o t
n nJ
o p n r jn phGs dG / .kbn n U
n
o o rjn m
r Tn nYn o Qo oYo / .pn jpn rdG p pQGn Tn pa phGs dG
p n
ndEGp nu n no rdG o
r nj phGs dG /.np Sn ne ou
n oj Oo nnj n ou n no rdG / .on ne is nnnj rnCG p u n noG
p Op sdG Qo
p na m n rne
o oM /.p n sdG npe oAn prfG /.msp Tn mncr oCG on nW /.p n rn rdG pa So
o ordG /.mN
p nj n phGs dG /.pn
p rdG p h
p rdG oan r nj ou n no rdG /.phGs dG oIn rnM /.pOp oof n np nM o
/.nn
o nnpd
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
198
p t
n s dG
n n Sp pjn Gn pdG n V
r hn
p Ghn
p Sn nCG Qm nar CG onK g ` 2
n pH
o p n Sr nCG ,
u Op r dG
s
u s dG p r
n bnCG
r pe k r pb n r pe mIn M
t co
o
u noJ ms S
.p r
n bCrdG pRp Gn n eo n
x f p n rfEG pa
.n
E G p n nW Op Gn Yr EG pa u oCG oIn Yn n eo ` CG
n en Qn p js nCG
r pe m r jn pa Qp nra
.p n sdG pa p rp rdG
n en mIn pcn mq u cn o V
r hn `
.p r sdG pIOn Yn EGp pa pIn r dG
s Ao n
n b`
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
pnjn udG oV
r hn
q q dG Iqce
````q HdG
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
.n pJBG nV
o r n `rdG oCGn br nCG ` CG ` 3
n r sn nan ,nrnrYn rpe nr sdG Qn nWnCG kJr U

n nr p n
n a npan r oZ pa k pFnf nrco ,pdnsdG rpe mnrnd pa
...pQp n
r en n an p r en
n rdh
n M
n hn
p Jhn n nKOp
.n r nYn ptns p d o n rn an en hn pr
n rdG n pg nen ppa
o n
n `rdG ppa o
t nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr Go
.nu f o uNn GC `
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
p t
n s dG
o n Sp
pjn Gn prdG o V
n hn
..........................
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..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
199
pjn n u dG o V
n s dG
n n Sp p jn Gn pdG n V
r hn
r hn p t
.nu f Qo u Mn GoC `
q q dG Iqce
hCG IMdG
q HdG fEG
````q HdG
ndEG nr nLQn s `ndhn ,nrnnYr CG k np nL k nr od nrjn Tn hn pGRn nnG in rMEG ndEGp nrgn Pn pp dG pnS
n no pH ` 4
...knZQp a n nJr L
n
r n an p pr n rdG
n nn a n n ro dG
.ppH nr bo ne prMG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
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nOr Qn nCG p j sdG pahn ...nr n nrfGhn nnnLGQs On nrpcn an ,phoDdG
t npe mrCTn nAn
n b nteCG nrdEG rnn nW ` 5
...Yk orne nnc nrdG
u sp ndhn ,p nrn `rdG nn r pSG
r
.nnKOp
n `rdG ppa o
t nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr oCG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
200
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
.
x Op r Sn n
x f p nrfE in N
r oCG Qm nar CH prZoCGhn pnpJBG Qp nar nCpH op nSr nCG ` 1
p r s dG
n pe onpSG
r
pSQn r n rdG ndEG pgn s d Oo Gn r pSG
r
p njq dG Ap GnG
p nYn Qp oo dG on Yn
.p jp sdG prnrdG pe p rZs dG nYn V
...................................................................................
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p Ghn
p pFQn Ql raCG pp gn ` 2
.
x Op r Sn n
x f p n rfEG n pH
o p n SCr G .kbn Sp mIn M
t co
o
u noJ lnK l s
.....................................................
p dG ndEG
o ho oG
..................................................... p r s
pd
n n
`rdpH pr
n
s
.....................................................
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prdG
.....................................................
s o sp n Yn
.....................................................
..................................................... m
nfBen mspn H oIOn r n `rdG
.....................................................
kn Sn
.....................................................
201
o V
n hn
pjn Gn prdG
o n Sp
p t
n s dG
o V
r hn
pjn n u dG
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
p noe kpJr nJ Qo nN
p pFQn lGn rMCG pp gn `3
.
s sdG oocr CG soK ,pGn rMnCpd kS
r nCG .zonr sdGhn o nen n`rdG{
u npd l s
.p nn `rdpH o o nr J o nen nrdG
np r npd op rnJ o nr sdG
p Jhn p jpndG pa o n nJ o nr s dG
.pn nrdG nYn
.p nn rdpH o o nr J o r s dG
o To
p nJ o en n
.Qn q s dG o phnoJ n nr s dG in nJ o en n
.Am en n jpnZ o
n `rdG
n rdG
.pnr s d nIn Yn n o rdG o u n oJ o en n
.Am en p jpnZ nYn o or nJ o nr s dG
n `rdG
.p p
.
n `rdG Ou n pH gn o p nJhn n en n
n `rdG o onr J o nr s dG
n n r n pd
o p r nJ o en n
n `rdG
...................................................................................
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kp nr oe pnen n`rdG ndEG nho r n `rdG Ot o nJ n nr sdG ppa on rLnCGh zOo qdG
s hn o nen nG{ oofGn rYo n
v f rocr CG ` 4
:p nj n pH
.Op s dG
.n u Yo pa n
s
n pe k jpbn t o nJ o nr s dG
n r Hn
o
o
r nJ o en n
n `rdG
.On s dG
.pHn n`rdG pa kJob o n
s U
o o r nJ o nr s dG
r nJ o nr s dG
o U
Hk
n U
n s dG
o p nr nJhn oCL
n njo Oo s dG
s
o
r en n Hn n`rdG
o
o jn Oo q dG
q
.Ap Gn n `rdG pa k n pF nW
.pr dG
s prnpH
.p nnG
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n pe
o r nJ o en n
n `rdG
n `rdG
o n rjn Oo q dG
q
.nnr sdG o onr J o nen n`rdG
.pnen n`rdG n rnf onspbo roH ou
n oj Oo qdG
q
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
202
q SSCG IqcG
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
.
x Op r Sn n
x f p nrfE in N
r oCG Qm nar CpH n prZoCGhn pnpJBG Qn nar nCG ouJQn oCG ` 5
(...
o r nG ,o r s dG ,o r
n `rdG) p en u dpH
o p sdG
pgn s dG
n pe mn p nK mn rpb nYn Qo oo dG
p Wp dG
s ndEG ogn s dG
...................................................................................
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.
x Op r Sn n
x f p n rfE in N
r oCG Qm nar CpH n prZoCGhn n n pJBG Qn ranCG
o uJQn oCG ` 6
n p jpU
n ndEG n pH
n rn Hn psdG pndSn u dG r
o nf n sfCG
o n pcr G
pjpn rdG Yp Sn o ho bo
mndSpn Q nYn Ou s dG p ho bo Qo nprfG
.pndSn u dG otnn J
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
203
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
p n o `rdG pHr s dG pGhn On nCpH

.pn S
o p cr oCG ` 1
p pa oroc
pa ppn sdG p n npH orn fnCG .........pjdG
q ndEGp ngrn PC n n rro dG opnrZCG pnU
An
r pe o nfCG
o r co .pL
n GndG
s hn p nWn n dG p
n Yp pa pIOn n dG
s ........p pd
n `rdG podG
t
n pdnP
pp M
n hn p pHnn rdG phr Tn nYn knp f p
r n rdG n r Yp op r n SCr G........p r sdG Ap Gn n `rdG pa pr L
n
p n n rdG n en Gk pFSn .........p rnG kpeYn es EG pfGn nJ
.pn jOp rn dG TG
n r co ........p
n dG
s
(q H hdG MCG Y)
p n ro dG pGhn On nCpH n n r Hn oHo QCr Ghn n n pJBG
.o o ro cnCG n
x f nYn
n
o M
r nC pn S
n n `r
o dG u
o JQn oCG ` 2
.np ar oZ ndEG
.p jr n
o r L
n Qn
n pn H k nr nW oo r jn
l L
o Qn ppHHn nYn mrn pn H
o r
n Hn
.p rbs dG p Yn Gtcn s M
n pfhr nCGQn rCG en
.
o nr bn
.r o n en nfCnG GnPEG
pnfopfn jo hn pnft
n jo ns Yn Gorn bCG
p n
r `
n rdG nYn GnPEGhn ,p L
o Qr nCG p r Hn
r pe
o r s
n nJ
p
.no
o br nj mn N
n rpe rp pe lnrU
p CG nr d
.n
o cDr jo k r Tn r L
.pjpdG
s Yn
o nr rn SG
r
.
o r n rZCG
.mQn hn
r pe Hk n pK pnJQr CG ufCG
.o n SCr G T
l oHr oW Sp rCGQn nYn
ufCG o pFdG
s in jn en pa
o jCr GQn
.mn N
n
r pe w pU
n
(RG QOdG Y gGHEG

...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
204
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p n oG pHr s dG pGhn On CG o jpRCGhn n n pJBG nGn M
n p M
r nCG rCG n r Hn
s s dG
o o cr CG s oK n n S
r nCG
o uJQn CG ` 3
.Qn Gn ru dG
.p r dG
s oIQn Gn nM rs nTG
r .mjp
n Yn kp
o H p r nj kV
o lorne tn `rdG nn N
n
p
p nJ psdG n s p n nG n n nr nG n n
.V
nGrn ZRn
o Qr CG
r bn n n MG
n n L
o r
n b
r
.Ql
.p
n Ho n r pe n Yn n
n J
n p s dG p o So
r pe
p n dG
.n UG
o jn nnn J pGn n r
s
r M
n U
n
n dG n
o BG n
r n nrfG
p n dG
.pnpHGsdG pnJn dG
.nGnPBGo UG
s
r Yn n U
n
s nYn G
o n n `r
n dG obn n nn J
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.m r pb
u c Yobho p en Rn
n r M
n n n pJBG nGn M
r nCG
o uJQn CG ` CG ` 4
...pjp
n rdG o ho bo ` pGQn hr nCG Qo Gn p UG
r ` p r sdG n t nnJ p jn Gn prdG o V
n hn
p dG pGhn On nCG p sn rdG
` p n n `rdG pa p qn rdG
o n p rfG ` pYn GQn u dGhn pnKGn r
o r M
n
p sn rdG oIOn r Yn ` p rnG ndEG p Gsn dG oU
o ho ` Ap Gn ndG nn nW p sn rdG oho nnJ p t nsdG onSp
.ppcdG
n p n dG
s pa p rnG ndEG p sn rdG h
o o N
o ` mjpL
n
r pe p n dG
n EG
.Ap n n rdG o ho bo ` pIOn r n rpd Oo Gn r pSG
r ` pp n rdG EG p r dG
s onn en ` oIOn r n dG pjn n u dG o V
r hn
205
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
````q HdG
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
................................................................
................................................................
pjGn pn rdG o V
n hn
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................ p t
n s dG
n n Sp
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
pjn n u dG o V
r hn
................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
pjn Gn prdG
.n orsJQn nn c pGn rMCpH qjOp r Sn n

v f ooqfCG `
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
206
pjn n u dG
......................................................................
p t
n s dG
......................................................................
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
......................................................................
......................................................................
pjn Gn prdG
.m oSCr G pIn n Yn
r Yn
t p jn n
x Op r Sn n
x f p n rfEG pa pn pJBG Qp nar CH
o p n Sr nCG `5
p p rrp dG pp pd Oo Gn r pSG
,opcnn a ,lrjRn ,l nr J ,sl So ,lpbOn :psjnnG nRp Gnn d oAGn T)
r
(...
l Gn qn eo
Op Gn YEr G Cs G p n rWCG oIn Y
n n eo hn Vhro `r
n dG Cu G o r U
o
pr o dG ndEG p n sdG
o r M
n
p rWnCG
p U
o Gn pM
r Ghn pr o dG pM
n o r Sn
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
p t
n s dG
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
207
pjn n u dG
......................................................................
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
p no rdG n npeRr CGhn n np renCG p nj s pe Qo nN

.
v sdG pGrMnCpd n nS
r nCG ` 1
,onpan`rdG ,pQ np dG o nHn Yn ,lAnTp on
r rdG ,o`nforn `rdG oGQn sdG
s ,lrU
n on
r rdG ,Ol Qp nH t n`rdG
.Qw M
o rn SCr G
n nt G ,lYn Sn ,Ip n L
r CoG Io Qn s Sn ,Oo n Sr CnG
p CG n Oo ncnCG p M
Ak Gn gn o L
n u dG nSn hn nfnCGhn ,......................h.....................
n
....................rnnrbCG .njn rdG p
n nL p pa o VC
n G Ap
n n rdG n pe Gk r Tp hCr G o
o s n nJCG
mIn pcn mnHo p
o H n n jp nW tno J n gr hn k npbnnoe onLQr Cn nJ Qp nprfG npe ......................n r nH
n par L
n
n
n n `rdG r bn hn ,kbn Yn pn u
n n oG pL
o dp
o H l qn reo n sfEG ......................
n r Hn
p sct dG
............................
o
n n n br a ,o rs
n n nJ r nd
n ep Ol n Yn
r ep t p rnG gn Dho r L
.o o penjo On nchn
(q H ,Y hGQH)
p noG n s
p
:(Rl oYn / lInan ) :
u sdG pa pIOn Qp Grn dG pGn rMnCpd n nS
r dG
s p Gn n dG pa oocr nCG ` 2
p r o `rdpH
p Gn n s dG Os M
p n M
p nd n nap
jn Gho orfGo ?..
n u onJ
r gn { :u ep
n kJr U
n
o r p Sn
r hn
n `rdG sCG
pp nrdG pr dG
s ndEG
t n n rdGhn .zp oVC
r G o rp nJ
r On nc rCG n r Hn s ndGE o or nJ n sfEG ..psdG On n Yp
pppf
n pH
o jr nCGQn hn .p u n n oG pp na
r pe
o
n o dG o jn nn jn ............................
o jr CGn an
n gr hn .l r odhn lA cn Pn n r n r Yn r pe o o nj ........................n rLhn
p n oj n n r nH ..........................Qo p n r nJ
..............................o UG
p
.o M
n n U
(q H ,Y hGQH)
208
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
.pn pJBG pGn M

r CpH k p n r eo zx oCG o Yn
n T{
n o ofGn r Yo jv Op r Sn n
v f
o o cr Go ` 3
p
o s
r dG
s
p n Yr CG s gn CG
pGn n sdG nYn Qr pr nj rnd / prnMnnpH op ar n oj /
q o dG npe oodG
t
o odG
s Qo o
r o dG
/ o Do L
o nnJ / kInC
r an
o bq n n jn / V
n Qr nCG o s n n jn / pHn n`rdG pa ho r jn
.p p dG
s Qp o
r o dG p rcCG o ndh
n
n eo / o o L
o Gn nJ
o rnrdG
p n oJ
n rndG o L
...
tCG oIQn o
r o dG
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p an
.Gk jpTn kar N
n r o r
l jpnZ
l o
r en r or nYn
n n N
n kIC
r an hn ,pn jpnG pa no n rnJ r o r co ` 4
p CGhn
...n sn nJ r bn r opFnbpUC
r G o M
n CG o sfEG ,s dG
u r o ar p Yn Gk N
.phn r nG nAnL n pH kp nr oe n n pbGdG
n ppa o
t nJ vjOp r Sn n
v f rocr Go
209
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
(pQ
n TCr G o n pcn ) pn jp
n `rdG pa
onn `rdG
prdG
s pdnnd rpe mIn p r oe mnrnd pa
ones dG
ojpndG oo
r nG / on rWCG
ps
p
r dG
s tgn CG
op sdG
pjpndG po
r nG Qr o oX
o ho o dGhn
r jo
n s dGhn
o nr G
p rWnCd pjnrdG po
r nG oIn U
n
n eo
oGn M
r CG
r o n Yn
n ho o dG Op nhr nCG p r Hn pYn npSG
pYn r oG on pcr G
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
210
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
Qo u nMoCGhn n pH op nSr nCG .

u sd pnKsdG p rbnCpd o sYr n dG Qo nar nCGh o spFs dG Qo nar nCG p nj ne pa ` 5
p n oG
.
n S
s s dG
p dG
s pjn r n rdG nYn o u
n jo rr oG
............................................... ps p M
n Wp dG
...............................................
s pn Sr nCG oIn rpg
............................................... Qp ndG
u Ap n M
r nCG ndEG p
o `rdG
o t nn J
...............................................
p Yn pIn p dG
s pQp Gnn rdG o rYn
...............................................
pn Yr nCG ndEG p N
o t dG
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
r p pjn r bn Ap M
E nhOo s dG
r
s ppH n nb en
pnjr n dG p
s p pH on r nj poodG o nMCG
o o rjn
r p nd V
k r bn r p r nYn Vp
o r jn
.mnfn V
n r o r pe
p pr nJ rYn njOp sdG
s o rYn
pnfn dG
s
s p u p
o pd
s o o r Hn hn pjn r n dG Ap n pf
o N
t n nJ
p nfn dG
s neo u n jo pjn r n rdG pdgn CG

.pr n rpd pen Rp qdG
mrU
p nH nYn no
n pIn N
o rnj pdgn CG
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
pnjr n `rdG ndEG pInnG oIOn r Yn

pn Sr nCG oIn ar hn
p rdG
t p Wp Gn nehn pRr u dG o panr J
211
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
.m oSCr G pIn r Yn rYn tp nj n

x Op r Sn n
x f nrfEG pa npJBG Qp nar CpH op nSCr G ` 6
phoDdG
t p r nH Ap n
n pd mnLGQs On EG noLnprMG
pGn G
p hCr G Ap nbpU
r nCG pM
n CG
r pe k L
n GQq On
n oJQn n pSG
r
pL
n
n `rdG Ap n
n pd
n bo np rfG
Qo u M
n oCG
o uN
n CG
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
....................
....................
....................
....................
pnjGn prdG
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
p t nsdG
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
....................
....................
....................
....................
pnjn udG
...pnrp dG
u
o np rfG ,pSG
n hs s dG Qo n p rfG ,pn
n n dG
o np rfG) pL
n GQs s dG
o tn nJ
212
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
m oSCr G pIn r Yn nYn

t p jn n
x Op r Sn n
x f pa n ppJr nJ n r Hn pn pJBG Qp nar nCpH
o p n Sr nCG ` 7
.k pFL
n pSn Qn r n `rdG
n pe oIOn r n `rdG
.p n rn `rdG pa nnd orcn n nJ m jp nd m n nW ndEG no Tp r oJ nteoCG
.kZQp na Ap nfEG Oo L
o ho
o ncn nCG r bn
o n pcr G
n pJn N
r EG n M
n CG s CG
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
m oSCr G pIn r Yn
r Yn
t o jn n
x Op r Sn n
x f p n rfEG pa pn pJBG Qp nar nCpH
o p n SCr G ` 8
p o rdG ,oSr s dG ,p pHGn sdG or nL) mnjGpn pH no tn nJ
(...oV
n nju dG ,nS
.pIn Sr oCG p raQn
r pe kar N
n Gs Sp pjn Gpn rdG o Sn Qn n eo
.n er CG p jr n Hn nCG
o n pcr G
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
213
pt n dG oIn uceo
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
m oSr nCG pIn n Yn

r Yn
t p jn n
x Op r Sn n
x f p n rfEG pn pJBG Qp nar nCpH
o p n Sr nCG ` 9
pp spd u
p G o
p nr J
n `rdG Ap
n rHn pa p n rWCG
o n pL
n jpVn
r G
pp sdG onp rfG
...pn rWCG pnMCG o nHUE
n G
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
m oSr CnG Ip n n Yn
r Yn
t p jn n
x Op r Sn n
x f p n rfEG p n Jp BG Qp nar CnpH
o p n Sr CnG ` 10
.ps peo o dG pn n rn `rdG ndEG
o gn s dG
.pjs p en s dG pIQn hr s dG
r Yn m
r Hn Rp
n rfE mn pc oIQn n pSG
r
.l
n pbnf pnp rdG pnn U
n nnrZnCG sCG ndEG no tnnJ
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
214
pt n dG oIn uceo
fdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
:n pJBG
s s dG GoC n br GnC ` GC ` 1
:kIs en ps odG o M
n CG
n nb
p
nnchn ,pFr u dG
n pe ppa o pn
r jn mnen
r Yn p
n r jn p dG pnfQr nCG p Yn k jn nM
o o cr nCG
o rCGn Hn
p lp nK Sp rCGQn snCpH or o Tn .pr njhn onAGQn hn n
r cn p jpdG
s nYn orn rnSn
r a Gv L
o cr nj oFr u dG
p hn .mnp n reo n r nZ o jn n
p `rdG
pds dG p r n `rdG p n U
o
r n nf
n M
r n p Hn hn
o r n rZCG .
n nJQr CG
n pa Gk pcHn
p `rdG
p Yk
n r Hn .Gv L
s pn Hr G
r nfnc ,knpenc n jn n
o r L
n hn
n To
o Fr u dG nnc{ :
r n n cn r bn oIn p dG
p Hn mjn r Sp pIn
p nd mGn n an pIs Yp
n
n n Tn s oK pnp sdG ppn pH o Hn n V
n ,mn S
n Tn
n r bo pnfQr nCpH
z.o o p n rjn
nYn onrnj nnfQr nCG orn nLhn p
s H or o Tn
s p dG pnHnpc or Yn CGhn p p dG
s pnfQr CG nY pn n dp
.pInsdG npe osn njhn pFr u dG
.
o r pdG n rJQn s n
n J n cn pFr u dGhn pnfQr nCG n
s pb
o o cr nCG `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.
o nCG gn Qn s n
n J n cn n
s p rdG
o o cr nCG `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
215
pt n dG oIn uceo
fqdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
,ihn r nL nhOo rp ndhn n np nr J nOr Qn nCG nr Yo s ndhn .kspFnHn r cn k ndBG pGn Sr nCG pnMCG rpe kIs ne nrjn nTG
r `2
p U
.pdGon G p oSr oCG pa n pM
n ndEG n Yn L
n Qr G
n Qr s n an
ppa ounoJhn p pbGrdG pa rn nL n cn k nsJn oe nGn rMCG ppa Oo Qp oJhn n n pbG`rn dG pa o
s f rocr Go ` CG
u nJ vjOp r Sn n
.pjn n u dG pa o er nCG pr ndEG
n BG en
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p L
n Qr E p Fn rdG ndEG n pa
n r Yo psdG p n
r sdG
n pe kFppr eo n n pbG`rn dG pa o
u nJ jv Op r Sn n
s f
r o cr Go `
.pnjn udG pa o reCG prndEG nBG ne n co r nJ rCG
n rnJ nhn pndBG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
216
pt n dG oIn uceo
fqdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
pdG
t nr nj n n rnHhn n rpe t
n
n sdG nQr s n an npcn n rdG
n r nH nnd rnsSn n sp ndhn mnen nM nrsHQn ` 3
...
n `rdG no un jo nho n or G n nWnnJhn pn M
r s dG pa n pH
n r bn hn .ps Yo Sr oCG
n n sdG no pbn jo hn pen n
...onen n`rdG rQn nW kICrahn
.o renCG n nrfG nrcn ppa o co r nJhn nn nM ne ppa phr nJ vjOp r Sn n
s f rocr Go
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
Yn l n r oe ,Rl oYn ,lp cn ) p jp sdG Rp nprL on Yp n oj rne ndEGp mnLnM pa koLQn kIs ne nr gn Tn ` 4
.ppH nr bo ne ppa phr nJ vjOp r Sn n
s f rocr Go .ppnpH nr N
n CGhn nrN
s n na ,(..mu nnoe x Sp r co
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
217
pt n dG oIn uceo
fqdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
jq OS q f rfCG
````q HdG
nnnrZQn ppa o co r nJ vjOp r Sn n

s f rocr Go .npJnnZQn rpe mnrZQn p p rnpd p nG npe m nrne p r nL pa nr san ` 5
.pjn n u dG pa o er nCG pr ndEG
n BG en hn p n `rdG p r L
n pa n nJr n n Yr G pdG n n jp sdGhn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
218
q SSCG IqcG
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
:n pJBG
s s dG GoC n br GnC ` GC ` 1
p rdG n n p n r eo kInCGn er G o
n Qn On o n rnJ n gr hn ,pOp n r o pH n r pe Am r L
o
t co
o s
n n jn ,p r
n jpN
n o nd
n `rdG
r nfnc
p Tn k npgn p sdG
:gn Gn nJ rCG
o r bn
r pe n pN
r oCG n n Hr G k n Yp Gn eo
o o n
r J n gr hn ,kbn Yn
o s
n n J kIn N
t
p
p
p
p
p Yn bo o jn qdG n
r dG
s Gngn o sdG
n n nd .
l n L
n Gngn .m spo H Gng en ?o jn r en jn rfnCG jr CG ?rfCG
n jr nCG `
.p tn s dG
r ndn nJ .pn rTn ojpojhn pojpoj p qdG o n r n `rdG GnP n go p n
s nJ ,pndN
n nj ponenSn ,pndN
n `
.prubn CG
.n p jprp pH n ppnL rpe nu
n noG nn n dG on r nJhn pn r n `rdG Yn o d
n `rdG
o p rnJhn n oun oJhn
(LYhdG Y Y)
:
t sdG prnYn n poH pqdG nU
r rn dG p nj s pe Qo nN
r CG `
.po Hnne ,obnN
r CG ,n tSp ,pInCGr nG or Sp
:n jn r en n nJn p M
n Qo ho nJ n gr hn Rp
o n dG pIs nG
r Yn kKu
n n eo
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
:n jn r en ppn Hr G pIQn jn p pd An L
n p dG p N
u n oG pCG
r Yn kKu
n n eo
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG ` O
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
.pQ nWEG pa pIOn Qp Grn dG pU
n hr nCpH kp nr oe n s
r dG
s nU
r hn op cr oCG ` 2
pGs n r eo ` npcn ` r js p n dG ` pcn `
p hn ` nb ` nraCG ` p nZ ` npYn ` n Sn
p b
r V
n ` SG
p
,p r n pfnGhn p en nCG
n pe ................o n L
n an ,...................L
o s dG
n ep nen
r nfnc
................nnch........................
o o nahn ...........................o o rfCGhn
n
..........pr Yn GQn Pp hn o Qn r U
n o r dG
s unjo sjpQoZ o sfCc psoG ..........p
r nG ..........pen ndG
(9 U ,GdGh UdG ,HU )
219
q SSCG IqcG
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
.s p U
r `rn dG n nrnG op cr oCGhn pIn SCr G Op Gn ar CG nYn Qp nWEG pa nIOn Qp G`rn dG pndG
u oRu hn oCG ` 3
...........................oHn o
r en nfnc
p SQr s dG pa n Wp nn f sco oo rnJ pIQn t dG rpe ro nd on
r nJhk pnjr ndG p gr nCpH o onJ
p sdG p NBG pa gGnJ oan ,poG pe Ynf
p
kIn p U
n kJo Ho p udGhn pIQn
n G
n pe o p jo r r n pJ hCG Qp Gn n dG pn p r pHr k n p k r e
r s
n
s
o
p
p n dG o npb pn jpdG
p
p
s gn npH o joJ Qp n s dG p hq nCG pa gn Gn nJhn ....................
p n eo ................,.....................
k VG
.................h....................
n
p
p
k
Vn
f
g
O
n
J
n
n n n t nr
..................soK...................
...................
p Hn k n VG
p Qn n jr n Hn CG
p r Hn ndEG Ap n n rdG ap Oo o nJ
k n S
,........................kAsnH onr Tn nnchn
p n r eo kInCGer G .........`na ,...........................
p o o dG p
......................
p n dG o un oJ
n
p nJ n r na in r odG n o o n Hr G o
o r
n jp N
n es CG
p
kp N
k
a
r
b
n
Q
p
dG
n
d
G
E
a
o
r
J
n
n
s
n
,p p or G p r dG
t n ne m r nj s co n Sn Qn r nG
mIn penZ mIOn n pn H o o r nj .....................................`à
..............................h........
n
p r o dG n en CG k n dp L
n
.......................................
p n n eo
k VG
n p r jn hn n Yo Qn r jn hn o n Hn r oJ o
p U
o r jn
r rn dH pprZoCGhn pJBG
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG ` 4
.pVh
n o r nG pnb npdH k p n r eo
mn pFnf m p U
n
n u p n reo
n p pfgn An Gn So
nSn hn kp r en
o p r nJhn mjn r bn m p Sn o npFYn
o p nJ
Ap Gn n
.pn r o dH pn r jn
n n nZ
r G p o dG
t nSn hn kIn p roe GQk nTCr G S
o CG nnchn ,mn r Ho
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
220
q SSCG IqcG
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p .lpdCG lGnnM nnd ` 5

:p nj n pH kp nr oe or U
........o o rfCG .............n ao n rWCGhn kn L
n ...............o n cr CG n go .............. pd
o n rjnCGQn ................GnPEGp ...........onfPo CGhn ,...............on r Yn hn ,.................hn
..............................osfEa..................GPEGhn ,...................`nc o n
r nnnj
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p o
p hCn G ` 6
.p r n M
n G p jr Qn nWEG pa On Qn hn n pH k p n r eo p r n p U
r hn r n nrn pH pprZoCGhn pJBG
u s dG n Hn n pc
o UG
,
l jpnZ
l L
o Qn n pdp r en n en CG
n bn hn pIOn Qp n rdG Ap n dG
u pdn nd
r pe mnr nd pa
........................................r
o sdG nnc
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
p Qr CG
n L
o s dG
o res nCJ .ppr nG
n pe u V
n pH sdG pan r oZ ndEG
n L
o s dG pHnCG
n N
n Or nCG
..................................GnPEa
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
p M
......................p L
o s d n
r oCG rCG pHnCG q pe
n n nW
..................................................................................`n à
....................................................................................
221
q SSCG IqcG
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p nCG p ne or N
onMu dG nnchn ,knr od ond
n p nTr nC n p dG
s N
n CGhn psYp oSr oCG pdG
t ndEG kIs ne orLn N
n `7
p CG ns nn J .Gk jpTn
...gAn Gn Tp o n SCr G n mnr opH N
p hn n nKOp n`rdG o
.onjn udG rnfnc nrcn r co Pr CGhn Ap Gn dG
u hn p rnrdG n cn n nMhn ndG
t kUG
t bCG ` CG
.n
n hr nCH op nSCr G `H
v f p jprnJ pa pIOn Qp G`rn dG pU
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
pa osn `rdG n pH nnb pqdG p n Yr CG np n
r oe ppa on
u aoCG x p U
r hn m nrn pH
s Op r dG
s
s sdG prZCG ` 8
.ppn r
n Hn pjn n p dG
p r pgp an hCr Ghn kWnn f p
p U
o sdG o bn Rn Qn .pYn GQn u dG ndEG kr en r pgp ncr CGhn Gv L
n UC
r G p nYr CG
r pe n go
l M
n n nd
p n UE
p hn k n r V
............................nC rfC a : M
r G
n s n nJhn n nd n nn rfan k n SG
n
....................................S
n n nZhn ...................................
n Qn Rn hn
..............................in L
r nCGhn ........................................n nfGRn h
...............................
r o r jn r ndhn ............................... n M
r CGh
kfo Yo
o np Jhn n o r nW t njn GQk n rKCGh
o jpQCG
o ojn GQk gn Rr CG
o p nJ ps nG p Vjn Qp
r pe k V
n hr Qn
r
n n UC
r a
.
l nRo
l r Yn gn Dho e
(WG)
222
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
q SSCG IqcG
SGrZCG
n r M
n
qc
o n p G
pn rdG
q qc
npe lGdC
n G+
Qp gn Rr CG
pn n rdG oAnrMGE +
pr nJ o n Yn +
nhn mHn r L
n mn r Ho
mnrU
o m VQr CG
p hn k r pb
n pe k SG
pn r dG
s
k noJr Ho
kfo r ndhn
M
k soJhn
p nfhn
k
223
````q HdG
n pe n N
n BG
l pfL
n pdG pe pfL
nrs n l n
pn r dG
s
k n p n
r eo Gk
n N
o
s nG
n ro`rdGhn
n n
n dGhn
q LdG oIn ucoG

(1 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p n jo n pH mIn r an
.in N
r oCG mnaU
o r n pH n prZoCGhn pn pJBG pU
n hCr G
n pe
o S
s co
o p cr oCG ` 1
p oe / lIn p r oe / w nr oe / oAGOn r nL / mnne uc pa l p nroe /pIOn ho odG oIn jpT)
/ l pFnK / l n M
n
(k pnd
o Sp r oJ / lpFb / l ndp rdn eo
......
o r dG
n hn .........
o jn dG
u hn ..........r
o sdGhn ..........nt Ghn lAn Tp
o n
r rdG ` CG
...............p
o QGn dGh
s .......................Q
o neCr Ghn ............o Yr dG
s hn
...........o p s dGhn ..............r
o sdGhn ............Ao n da
s l pHQn
o n
r dG `
................ h.............
n
o r dGh
s ............Q
o n sda lrU
n on
r dG `
.......................................................... ,jp
l N
n
o n
r dG ` O
...........................................................................
:n pJBG
s dG
s oCGrbCG ` CG ` 2
p rdG
p rdG
p N
o ns dGh u ndGhn phr n rd
o nU
r nCGhn Gk nr en
o
n M
r CGhn Qp n `
n pe kn L
n o nrcCG o
n
(G ShdG Y)
.pgn dG
s hn
p CoG G
m n n M
p U
p dG
p
m r Sn nr b
n r Hn On Qn hn pn H k p n r eo o t M
n
r hn ap p r
s o nU
o p r n SCr G `
.(...
o r
n aCG ,
o n M
r CG ,t TCn G ,o n cr CG ,
o n SCr G ,
o n rWCG ,no cr CG)
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p
.
u sdG pa p rnJOn Qp Grn dG p rns
r dG
s nYn n npJBG nU
n hCr G oRu hn oCG ` 3
l n pbn AnbQr Rn ndr Ho ,p penn `rdG
o GqL
n ,x p nf
n n Hr nCG m ofr Ho pa vn reo ,k jpHn ,pen ndG
n jp nW
.p r n n pesdG pr r Yn ,p n Hr CG pprbpp H ,pGn rWCnG o bn s n eo
224
````q HdG
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
q LdG oIn ucoG

(1 iG)
pr s dG
p r bn ......................pp o Yo
p bn n cn
s
r pe
n pKn s dG
l S
o n s bo n V
n hn hn pnpa
n `rdG pIn N
u Dn eo pa mn r en nYn n
n L
n r b .......................pnJr jn
k pdL
n ........................................
k r Tn o n ndon b n
n HCr G .pr n rn cQo
n r Hn
k jOp hn p r dG
s o L
r hn nnc .m en n n pH v n r eo .......................................
...............hn ................. GQo
k bhn
(dG e S ,LYhdG Y)
p nCG Gk n
p b v p U
:p jr n
u on G pa An L
n pn H k p n r eo GRk
o Yn ppa
o U
r hn k nren
o ro cCG ` 4
...............................................................Ro on dG nnc
o rn j......................................................................
n
p p e
n bn p oWhn ppQ bn n pd o sfC chn ..............................................
p n o `rdG p r nG p L
.
n jpYn
n Qp
r pe n pdGn pYr Ghn
p rdG
o r
SC
o Gs dG
on n rdG
o en ndG
o L
r dG
n
o r dG
s
pn r n dG
l pcn
p nf
l
p n r eo
l n
l p n r eo
o n Hr CG
pFn Op gn
pn nn T
p N
n
S
o n udG
p dG
o n T
s
p
Ao GnG
o n rG
l sjp per pb
lp N
n
lp nf ,
l nrHCG
225
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
q LdG oIn ucoG

(1 iG)
````q HdG
p n oG pU
:p
s on G pa An L
n n pH k p n r eo pn S
n hCr H pJBG
s s dG prZCG ` 5
p pa kan oOn
p `rdG nnc
p Gnn `rdG no r ne nnc osp ndhn ppHCG pnr d p rpe pahn pp o Yo rpe njpr dG
p rdG nYn o n pbs dG o
o n en n an ..............pnJr jn nnc .pn s dGhn pIs o o dGhn pr
o penen
t o nJ
p M
E G p r n pH nho pnrdG
n
n en hn o n nTn o s p ndhn pIn r n rdG ndEG o o jpU
n o Yn On hn p
n Yr
.ppp Sn
(18 U ,G bbR , )
S
o n udG
p
Ao GnG
o n s o dG
oo nr n dG
o p n dG
l p nK
u p dG
n pe oIOq nG
pfGn L
o Qr CG ,osr dG
l U
o oIOs nG
o Qn Rr CG ,sr dG
p n eo mnp
p H pJBG n u
.p r ndG Ap
n Yr C mn S
n oG
o p cr oCG ` CG ` 6
S
o n udG
oho o dG
osr dG
o soG
o dG
t
o dCG
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............
226
q LdG oIn ucoG

(1 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p so
p hn pJBG
p hn oCG `
n G pa o o r nn c en Y Op n pYH
r
n nr rdG kUG
u dG
s n Hn n pc
o UG
.p pHdG
s
...................k r cn in n Ta
r n s Yp o SCr G
n dG
t pHCG n n
n b ,r Yn o SCr H pp dG
n r bn
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p n eo mU
.Q
n nWEG pa On Qn hn s pe mn S
n hr nCpH pJBG
s dG
s
o rp coCG ` 7
.m gn r of pa
o L
r n
n an p pHs dG
o
r an
s M
n
p
p
Ao Gn
N
l
M
O
l
a
n
Q
p
G
h
l
j
O
T
r n
n n
n n n
.................................
o ooG
p V
p Hn Ao GOn r L
l nM
l n S
n Ao Gn r U
n
n
Q
oGn SCr Gh........
n
o o tdGh.........Q
o nTr nCGh
lIn p rnr oe
pn sda ,..........................p
r dG
s
.........................................
.(CG) p nrnG p Gn r pe nYn p r s dH ()h () r n nrnG

o p cr oCG ` 8
p qdG T
n o nrdG njOp rn dG npeCG nSo s dG npdPn op r nj n rorpe rnehn !pjpndG oRu n oe (CG)
l bn p
r eo
l r Tn pproJ n Gk peU
n
t njn o sfEG !pQn N
r CnGhp pFSn s dG s Tn m r jn
u co pa r or ndEG
o p
r jn
.
l ooK nhn
l o So ppps po H p n p rdG p Yn o o p r oJ nhn ,ln pJYn jp
l Q nhn
227
q LdG oIn ucoG

(1 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
............................................................ :(
o sdG) ()
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.............................................................. :(o un oG) ()
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p n jo pn H
.m oWoCG On Qn hn s pe mU
n hCr G
r pe
o S
s dG
s prZCG ` 9
...................... p SsdH nnMOn Rr G r bn oAnGp nnc
................................................
................................ o nn dG
s n
r fnchn
.............................................
`na
.............................................
hn
mn nW ndEG mn nW rpe no
o cr nj rgo hn ` pjpnM m nbn pa l SCn G n sfCcn ` m n r ne rYn onrnJ
n nrjPn oan r nJQsnG p r n pH
`
228
Ap n rdG nrLhn op n
r J
q LdG oIn ucoG

(2 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
s s dG GoC rbGC ` GC ` 1
p n n `rdG pIn p nM ndEG ls Yn nN
n Sh
o oDhQo hn n p pdn ne nneCG k UG
s n noe pnfGn nn`rdG inCGn an TG
n On
p p G
p
.pGh
n r Hn Oo Os n n nJ Sn
k rfCGhn k n
r bhn Tk n L
n n p Sn hn ,mgn Gn Tn
o co CrnJ l n p
n r eo
(q H ,QJ MCG)
:pIn p nG pa
l s Yn o BGQn en
o o cr CG `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
:pIn p nG on p Sn ne oocr CG `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
:p pHs dG p n
r a pa pHn nrdG ndEG mndr L
n pa
n L
r n N
n `2
:p
n n dpH o co Qp Or oCG en
n r Hn m n L
o pa
o o cr CG ` CG
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
:p r dp
o
o o cr nCG `
s H o co Qp Or oCG en
n r Hn m n L
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
229
q LdG oIn ucoG

(2 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
:udp
s H oco Qp Or CG ne
n r nH m n oL pa oocr CG `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p U
p n jo n pH k reo Jp BG
:
n hr CnG
n ep
o S
u s dG n Hn n cp o Yp CoG ` 3
pahn Yn r nJ o n rZCG o p n r nJhn mIn
n Tn
n
r nJ
o p
r n an Op G`rn dG pn nW ndEG o n p bn Ol o r en Oo ojn
p r o an n pH Oo o jn Ap n n rdG
.o o L
n hr Rn o rJs Yn CG en o p n rn an pIn pFn rdG ndEG
o p
r jn s oK pn jpQs dG ndEG n oN
p G Yn r n `dG /
/
o p n dG Ao Gn n `rdG /
o n
o
o `rdG pp
r jo /
o r dG
s
o p nJ en n r Yp / m n U
n
s co
... / k nHr Yn kfn`rdCG op r nj /pn udG oIn pcn / pr
n ZCG o an Qp Ghn / l n p Yn / on nrdG o nrn rdG
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
230
q LdG oIn ucoG

(2 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p p
p `rdG ppa oU
p nCG Gk n
p b k nrne oocr nCG ` 4
:pJBG p son H knr oe ppM
n H onbn nYn hn Qn n
...............................................................................
p
Qo n G
o obn nYn
ppM
p p
n H
ppH t n r jn
l sdn eo
o dG
t
l pfCG
o rdG
s
o SCo GQ
o o an
o en
n pd
p j udG nonjhn Ol or ne /snoe

opr jn ,or jn o p n o
ppYn On r nH EG
ZGq dG o nHs dG orpe
ppa
o n r jn n
k en hn n eo
prndGE ornj n
knr oe sGE
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
231
q LdG oIn ucoG

(2 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p
s n o rdG pa nAnL n pH kp nr oe x p U
r hn m nrn pH ppFnrZEG n r nH
u Op r dG
s
u sdG n nHnpc o Yp oCG ` 5
p `rdG nobo nj nht o nj onrdG
pnUC
n np dGhn nGn
u nnc
r H gn osjRn r bn hn pgnsdGhn n pH pp sd T
r eo u nG Ao n Hr CG n nWnnJhn .p ns o `dG p jp
n `rdG
r pe nojn rCG n Yn en n gp n o dp
l nnM
n
r nsnn Jhn njp p n
.m oannJhn m oWn nJ
(jRe OdG)
p
T
o np dG / onar G
o n r o dG
/ljs p bn / l n pen
mr o pH
n r nG
o p
r jn
o n r nG
oho o o dG
o r dG
s
l jp
n Yn
l js p b / l njp nW
l njp nroe /
orjn
o dG
t
Oo n SCr G /
o n Hr CG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
232
q LdG oIn ucoG

(2 iG)
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
.Ap ndG
u p sjCG rpe m r nj pU
r hn pa pJBG p sn o `rdH op nSCr G ` 6.
oAndG
u / on
r `rdG
Ao n dG
s
Qo ner nCG
o Yr s dG
o r n `rdG
o jn u dG
o r dG
s
Oo GdG
s
o oo dG
oIn
n er s dG
o pedG
n
o o o dG
o n p dG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p r sdpH kp nr oe p prn `rdG nU
:pQn nrdG nYn pIOn Qp G`rn dG pnV
r hn op cr oCG ` 7
pn o`rdG Oo n Yn
p hCr G
p n ordG o n cp
gn o nU
p
n Yo un JG hCr G n o V
mnKCG
r pe n pa en o cr Pp
pGQn r o`rdpH nuYo ne
...m p r nJ
r ep p rnYn en
.m n rn pH pnrnj m uV
n x n neh...................
n
rpe nornH ons nnj
......................................ndhoCG Ip n
r oG p an
.......................................................
.......................................................
......................................pnpfsdG pIn rordG pahn
.......................................................
.......................................................
233
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
q LdG oIn ucoG

(2 iG)
````q HdG
p nCG ,ls
p
:mn ar CG rpe Qp nWEG pa nAnL n pH kp nr oe n pJncn nM pa n o U
r Tn pJBG
u sdG pa ` 8
n sn nJ `
n n en ` n
n L
n ` On Yn ` n n bn `
n n gn `
n n an ` Qn nW ` Gn Yn ` in L
n
pg gn .nju dG Oo Qp noJ o N
p jp sdG Op n SCr G n pHnr K p njPr CpH ........h........
n s sdG m p Sn tCG rnfnc
n
prnMnnL .......n nenenCG ........oju dGhn .p rHs dGhn pr n `rdpH pju dG nYn Yo r nJh oonr Jhn on rnJhn
ndEG oju dG ........GnPEG snM .kndp rdn oe k n Yp GRn nngo hn ngo ........onLnLs dGhn ........Oo nnj
pnnYn nYn .......h ion `rdG nIn pFN
n k npgn m p Sn toCG.........................,pn jpn`rdG p nSp
.pu
n n o `rdG n ppL
n
r pe
n u
n n o `rdG
n n n `rdG n u opH ..................p n rn `rdG
p
p n jo n pH pJBG
.pM
n o `rdG pn r n `rdH k p n r eo
o S
s s dG prZoCG ` 9
p oJ ..............mn pHGQn nYn pSn Qn r en o n nJ
,pHn Hn pSn Qn r n pd ..............Qo
n TCr G n pH o
,...............................oensdG orpe oN
o r nj n go o nMCG
.........................................n p pfKhn
e
ol
Ec
,.........................................n oJYn nb
,.......................................gn o paGnn fhn
.........................................n oKnKCGh
.....................................ln rne n pHh
.nV
n nju dG ppa Sp
o Qn of
p oCG ufEG
..............................p Sn Qn r en
t M
234
LdG oIucoG
qq SSCG Iqn cG
(2 iG)
nhC
dsdGG IMdG
In Mr p dG
q HdG
fEG
IAGdG
ZCbdG
G jq OS Oq f
q MCGrfCG
mq pr Uhfn q pWeH
OdG
````q HdG
p noj n pH
.mU
n hCr Ghn mnaU
o r ne rpe oS
s sdG op cr oCGh n n r n rdG
o senCJCG ` 10
o o jn ...............................Yp Gs dG
n n N
n
nnc ...................ndEG ................k p nb
nYn
o p
r njhn ...............................
o prjn
..................ppn pHhn ....................pr n pnc
ndEG Yp Gs dG nU
n hn rCG nehn ................oorcn nnchn
n n Tn hn ...........nYn n
n L
n hn o jn nf h
n n nJ s M
n p r n `rdG
...........................................
o p r jn
.pQ nWEG On Qn hn n pH k p n r eo Op npH p n L
n n pg nen ppa Oo s Yn oCG n
v f
o prfoCG `11
p CG
p Sn o o n p nna ,v L
............hn lIn M
n v M
o p nWhn tM
,
o n
n `rdG ,Oo Gn per G :o Wp n dG
s
....,
o un JG
,oHn hoo dG ,Ao ndG
s :o n p rdG
...,
o n rp fG
....,obn Qr t dG ,Ao ndG
s :Ao n dG
s
p rdG
npe lAn pc ,oIn o
r G :on
....,pQ
n Tr nCG
....,oAnsdG :oAGn n rdG
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
...,ot nsdG ,oIn rn`rdG :Qo nKBG

,p n n dG nYn onbr EG :osdG
t
...,on nrdG ,oT
n n ndG
................................................
................................................
................................................
235
q dG In qce
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p o
p G .r
p n n pH
o `rdG pM
n CG EG n pH
o r bo mgn r of pa
n n
r rdG Gngn
o UC
o sdG n s nnJhn pp UG
o jpnG n pbn `1
,.p Wp dG
s ndEG hCr G
:n
u f pHn n pc pa n pH o nfn pSG
r po p r jo psdG p n oG
o r Hn pp gn
r n
n er Rn ` n eo js CG
r sdhh
n o Wp n dG
s
r n n br CG ` Qo o tdG
r n L
n gn `
o jp
n rdG
n n br CGhn
o r dG
s sdhn
p n dG
r n p ndhn o npHGsdG Qp
n Tr nCG
o GQn hCr G
r nnbnn J ` n n
r Z
o jn u dG
u
n GnPhn p p n rdG
n GnP
o jn u dG n pH
...gn Op Ghs Qo
r pe
o pF
n n rdG
r nN
n hn noa n
r o `dG s an ` pn pcGs dG p o o`rdpH Ao n dG
s
r n s nnJ `
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
m nrne rpe n ncr CH pprZoCG msjp rnH mnrMQp rYn vjOp r Sn n
v f oocr nCGhn Qp nWEG pa pIOn Qp G`rn dG p n o`rdH op SCr G ` 2
.x p U
r hn
pnM
r u dG o jn Gn pH
l n paU
n Ao n dG
s
p
l n r eo nt G
.
l Op g o
r n `rdG
.lp N
n lr nW op sdG
p rSn nYn opdn rnJ o np dG
s
p nreCG Ap n `rdG
no pr n r eo
o sct dG
r o
o r Hn ,p Gn er CG pIn gn n o pH
p n cn nYn nrn SG
oCGn r jn x SG
r
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
236
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
q dG In qce
m js nCG n r Hn
nu G o tn nJ
p
r n `rdG
o Gn p VG
r
pn U
p n dG Oo Gn pTG
r
l Gn er CG ,Ao L
n r gn o pHGhn Rn
n pH
o Yn nn nJ l n p Sn ,ln Wp n eo
psct dG
o r N
n ,
o Gn er CG
...ro oHGn p VGh
r
pnjn udG
p rfG
oIOn r Yn ,ps o`rdG oAn
pnrMu dG onr pSG
r ,Ap ho o dG
EG
o U
o `ro dG ,mn r p rWG
pen ndG
s p Wp Tn
````q HdG
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
p b v p U
Gk n
r hn k nren
o o cr CGh ,n n r n `rdG
o es nCnJCG ` 3
p rfCG p pa Oo u Yn CG
o p n
r eo n pH o o nJ p qdG n n
p
:p jn n pH k p n r eo ps
r dG
s
.....................................Gngn .....................................nGnP ................... `na ................seCG ...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
e
Ecol
237
q dG In qce
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
p G k nrne oocr CGhn pn r n `rdpH op nSCr G ` 4

nAnrKCG kp nW ppa oUC
p
.jp
k en p
r an
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.pn n
n rdH
n n dG
s Oo n
r jn kL
o Qn p Wp dG
s nYn
n n go
o jr CGn an p
r n `rdG ndEG mr U
n
n GnP
o r gn Pn ` 5
p Ghn n nKOp
:kpbOn kU
r hn On s dG
s ppa
o UC
n rdG ppa phQr CG js Op r Sn n
v f
o o cr nCG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
238
q dG In qce
ndsdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
jZCG jq OS q f rfCG
mq pr Uh n pW
````q HdG
.ljpnL Ql o
r Yo pan On U
n Pr EG p prn ndG ndEG Gk pFYn orco n nrnH ,pIn p r o rdG pjp
n `rdG p sjCG rpe m r nj pa ` 6
.pU
n `rdG ppa phQr CG jv Op r Sn n
v f
o o cr CG
r rn dpH pprZCGhn n nKOp
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
239
q SSCG IqcG
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
n V
o r en Qo s
n nJCGhn n pJBG n n
r n ` rdG
o s nJCG ` CG ` 1
:pnKsdG p U
n TCr G nrnH pIQn h
n no `rdG
..............................................
..............................................
.
n Grn bCG
o vJQn CG `
n jpQph
n n o `rdG
n r Hn Qo ho jn en
n p Yr C pn pJBG
.ppH Ql
o an ufEG .o jn r en jn pr n M
r CG `
.n jn r en
n rpe n L
n GQs s dG
n cn Qr nCG rCG o jpQCG u p nd `
.pn N
r oCG
o
r n an ,pL
n GQq On pcn Qr G
n pdPn Qp prfG pa `
p nH pnd
.k rTn p r oJ rnd l n
s nM sp nd .knLGQs On o jpQoCG
k rjCG nfCG `
.knLGQs On pnTCr Sn .kIn pcn GOk oof or n nL r n nd ,onnMr an Ghn `
.njprjnCpH n pa oo u
n of ne np r oJ n npeCG n nd
s nrdG sCG onrjRn nj r n rnJ n `
.mL
n GQs On nn rLnCG pnnr J rCG pop r oj pond
s nM o p nr nJ nen rYp hn .nnjr ne nrpe p n ar G `
p n eo m nr b p r pa p n r pSp
p nrn `rdG n Hn n pc o Yo CGhn mS
r H o nd nIn u n o `rdG n nr
o `rdG m nr b
u co
n r bn oUC
o G`
p
:pQGn G
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
240
q SSCG IqcG
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
:pnpJBG p Grn bnCpH pprZoCGh zonr sdGhn oju dG{ oofGn rYo vjOp r Sn n
v f oocr nCG ` 2
p :
.m pr eo m n
n Hn
n n u Hn C
o r L
o nr sdG
?n go nehn :oju dG
npe rp rfna ,m nSn hn m renCG pa
n p npd pnfn nnG nrnH o nndo
n G rs nJ r n an p jpU
n nj r p rHCG :onr sdG
.k ne nn rnpd pIn ndG
s
p oj osfEG ,nfn rnf keOp nb pYn Qn r n `rdG nrcn iQn nCG ufEp an knb r p nrfG rp nd ,op rfnCSn ,kn nM :oju dG
rCG t
.n n en
n n rjn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p n oG p Grn bCpH pprZCGhn pJBG
:pn S
s s dG oCGn br nCG ` 3
p pH k n pdL
o o rbn
s
n an ,mIn pcn mIn
n Tn Qp Gn
n GRk
o Yn kInCGer G
n On U
n Pr EG p pr n `rdG ndEG Gk pFYn
l Op Yn nnc n n r Hn
:kpFb gn s M
n hn n r pe
n n n br Ban ,mIn Yn n eo ndEG
o n
r nJ kIn p an n s Xhn n r nYn
..................................................................................:m pgGhn mr p
n H Ro
o n dG
r Os n an
..................................................................................:
l Op Yn
n nan
..................................................................................:rndnbhn Ro on rdG rn n nrHa
.nn rod n ncr CG ne pndhn j nnd Gk rTo (dG MGq dG ,dG dG Y)
241
q SSCG IqcG
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p
p noe m Grn bCG EG pJBG
p no `rdG n rnZ nGrn bnCG ou nMoCG ` 4
.pq
r dG
s pn pd nYn mIn T
u sdG pIn T
p o nd Gho Hu n jo rCG r p r ndEG
o r Yn
n n nWhn An s Wp CG n n
n an p
r dG
s n pcn nnc kp en sCG n
r jo
o u
n oJ k nM
p n oj Am Ghn On rYn ond nnrnnd Ap nn G ndEGp onp r oj rnCG rgo o nMnCG onLn an .knb
rEG mIn pcn mIn pFnpH om nG on Yn nn a ooS
p an m r Tn rpe n ncr CG
op nG nn
n p nj rnd osfCH np n `rdG nnYr CGhn kjpnM op sdG AnL p ndG
s pahn .nnar CG
p npH nN
n sco nnan .kjpbn ppH opr nSn nr n `rdG sCH kpeD oe s nroe r
n hn np sdG nnSn hn Gk jpTn kn
n Z
np n an .np sdG n
n rMCG ro nj rndhn l r Tn
n ne q ndhn .oo rTn nGnP snM v nZhn v gn On GOn Rr G lr nj s ne
p Oo s
.pp
r Tn
r pe pp
r s p d mnM
n eo sfCG o n nYr CGhn ppfRr hn
r pe Gk pcn n n an r bn
n p n `rdG iCGQn s `nd
o p sdG
p Yr oCan
.mn u bn mIn pF
n pH o nd n en CGhn ppFncn pH
o p n `rdG
n
(q H ,jdG dG)
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
.n pJn p U
n hn u oCG
n r Hn Qn GOn p qdG Qp Gn H
s s dG prZCG ` 5
p s dH Qo s dG nPn BGh p r dG
p hn .pen u dGhn Ap n `rdG
p M
s U
o r bo s n M
r BG
n M
n r Hn k pr eo ek r jn oIn SCr G
r n
n b
:n pdn rWnC t CG
r ndnb
..................................................................................:Ap n `rdG pn Yn Gn o pH o n p n r o rdG o nr udG
r ndnb
p CG n .nHr nCG rnCG o jpQoCG `
.Ap n `rdG
n pe
n o N
r CG r CG
t M
:n rnen bn onp `rdG rn n nZ r bn hn uoCG or U
n nn nJQr a
..................................................................................:mIQn Gn ne pa rndnb soK ,Ap n `rdG n rSn k nHQp V
n rnnHhn o nr udG rnYn n rfna
..................................................................................242
q SSCG IqcG
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
:rnMU
n hn uoCG o rU
n n n nf
..................................................................................:kn p r noe orp`rdG rOs n an
p oe prco GnPEG `
.ueoCG nj n rndG n N
o Cnra nBG pgn s dG nY kIs
:rndnAnn Jhn tCG rn pgn an
..................................................................................:n Yn eo Oo
o n r nJ n gr hn Qp Gn UE
r G
n pe Am r pn H
o r p`rdG
r Hn LCG
!pan r oZ ndEG p en o np M
r CS?n
n n pd `
p o o u VC
.ppJn rdG n r Yn pp sdGhn u oCG
n r Hn Qn GOn GQk Gn M
n G jv Op r Sn n
v f
o o cr CGhn p r nJQn dG
t
o es nCnJCG ` 6
..................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................p k nrne os
:pJCnj n pH kp nr oe vjQp Gn M
n nnj vjOp r Sn n
v f oprfCG ` 7
p
:
o s
r dG
s
(
o hr s dG) pl M
n ,(oIQn nG) o
n jpN
n ,(oL
n hr s dG) oIn p Sn
243
q SSCG IqcG
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
:
o Grn bnCG
p nr `rdG
p U
o nr `rdG
o M
n
p
m
p
.oIn Sn jn Yn r po H r ndn nJ ,oIn Sn ..............
p Ghn k n
k bn s n eo
n Qp Gn L
n p rJn pH l ndor en ufEG ,pr M
n jn kIn M
r nd ..............
ppJQn L
n pn pe
r pe
n p nZ p qdG npF
n `rdG p orfGhn r ndn nJ ,o o br hn Gngn CG ,psdG n
n r So ..............
.nnjpN
n qdG
u
?ppFn`rdG nYn pqdG o n r o`rdG pp gn ne ?oonJ GnPne ..............
.n ns To nnpH orp nJ o njpN
n tdG
u ..............
p nr oe ?pnp `rdG pp gn uopH
on dG
s ppa oo nj m rnH ndEG n ns To rnnbn n sfEG !l
..............
.opcGn nGhn
p Ghn k n pbOn nfn rYp pdp rfG ,prn Sn GPEG ,njN Sp ,njpN
.kIn M
n Sp ..............
.pp sdG nne l Yp r ne prYp ,lnLQp N
n nfCG ..............
pp n
p Gh k n bOn ..............
r a
r pe kIn M
t sdG
en o ndn na n er CG o p rn
r jn
n n
n an Ap n `rdG
n pe kIn p cn k n r Ho iCGn an p r dG
s ndEG p r M
n n nnf
.............................................................................iCGQn
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
244
q SSCG IqcG
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p k nrne os
:p nj n pH kp nr oe Qp ssdGhn pprHGhn pnCG nrnH Qo ho nj vjQp Gn M
n nnj vjOp r Sn n
v f oprfCG ` 8
:kpFnb prndEG pn sSn hn on ne pHCG pfn N
n Can .kfscOo npdp rne n ndnbo wTn Ql snf n nLrCSG
r
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
:Qo
s s dG pndnCSn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p
p M
p s M
o nrU
n hn Qp
n r p pH
n
n `rdG n
r nfhn Op n r p `rdG n Gn
r pSG
r
o
r oCG
o r U
n pGn r Tn
n en n an
.pYn n r p H pYp r nfhn p ho n dpH Qp n r p G
s On
o p M
r oCG n cn p
n r p rdpH
245
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p n en pa n o o cr nCGhn Qp nWEG pa nIOn Qp G`rn dG n o ndGrn bCG oCGn br nCG .p r L

p
n p VG
n hr Rn
n r Hn Ql Gn M
u s dG pa ` 1
p n o `rdG
.
u dG
s
n pe pn S
/?n n n nK
n jpQu n oJ r npH ,nrpe s M
n nhn n r pe
n n L
r CG pJn M
n pa Qn CG r nd ,ln jpHn n sfEG vM
n
rCG Qo pr jn
r en hn ?mQjn Op r
n dCG /.?o n pdonJ en l cn Qp r eo prfCG
r gn /?mQn jOp
n rdCG ?
n pdonJ GnPen
?mmps HQr Rn pa Qm jn Op r
n dCG nn ar jn
p n r Gp nYn k ns r eo n p n Yn pa ppL
n hr Rn ndEG n or n pdm r jn o
s c pp n Yn
r pe O
o o jn o n MC
r G
o hr dG
s nc
pbs Op hn pnn cQr dG
s p n L
n hn nGrn dCG gpn Qn pNG
r p r M
o hn n pJQ
n n pn H prp nf pIQG
n nn b pa
o
n r jn hn
o r nn r n Sa
r m r nj Gn
n P
n N
n On hn .ppfn p
r n Sn qp dG
n sn dG Qo nu jo n gr hn p nn `rdH
s MC
n Ghn .p r dG
t
:knpFnb orJQn n nrHGhn op nrnJ n gr hn oonLhr Rn
?kn jpHn
r n r ndCG ps pHQr s dG pp gn ndEG r orfG .
o r n n rfG r bn gn `
:
o hr dG
s n
n an
.........................................................................:oL
n hr dG
s n
r dna `
.mQjn Op prdCG
r pe
s bn CpH n r pnJ nhn pdG
t ndEG n s pHQr s dG pp gn r N
o .s ndEG r p n SG
r `
.r nn f `
.........................................................................n
n d o ro bo en o
o bCG en k cn Qp r eo o
r cCG nr d nr d .r nn f
.........................................................................r bn p n n `rdG n Yn Sn snCpH o n pfGn L
n oCr jn
o en nCGhn pp pcn nYn n s pHQr s dG n V
n hn r bn hn
o hr s dG n N
n
rCG pnr dEG oo rnj oVp
o nr nj rne tochn ,pp pcn nYn o spHQr dG
s hn pnjprn dG pnbo oW pa Q
n Sn .rnfnM
246
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p pbs dG p r dG
E G pIs Tp
t Gnn H p
n Yr
r pe S
o q dG n hs nCnJ n nn Hn en GnPEa ,gn Gn n pd n no r jn
.n pnn K p raOn nYn pr pJQn r bo p n n pd GoSCs nJh
(q H ,M q )
:mjpM
n
r pe gn pp M
n hn pIs nG
n r Hn Qn GOn e
n p Yr C n n pJBG
n Grn bCG
o uJQn CG ` 2
C
r n eG
r GnPEa ,q per rn dG
n paho
r en
r pe GAk r L
o m r jn o
t c
n pa o n
n J /?pJs L
n jn n pg en hn
/.pnr dEG o n
r J en AGn n Tp nYn
n o p jo p `r
n dG
n pe GQk nr b
o p nr J
n rn nf
n r L
n hn o ndn
s G
p
p G rCG oLQr CG /.lsjpgn gn n r nH
nehn /.nU
n rnd msjppn H noL
s
n rdG pJnn nW unoj ne n pa n LC
en rp pn H o
n M
r nCSn hn pho
r rn dG
n pe Qm nr b n rn cCG
n pa o n
n J rCG
n nr Yn /?pJs L
n jn n ro nf
p dG
/.p
n L
s pIn `r
n dG S
o SCn G s n Ho jn n gr hn Q
n N
n OG
u
n uo n o Sn ,lnd
s M
n sn fEG /m r jn o
s c o n n
r J
.oIs L
n jn
o n ar CSn
:pd
r ndnbhn
w phn co Al r Tn gn pjn pahn pJs L
n ek r jn prJAn L
n
.........................................................................:n o rdCnn a
.........................................................................:rnHnLCa
.........................................................................:kn pfnK n ro dnCS
.........................................................................:p pcn nYn
o Hu n oJ n gr hn
r ndnan
.........................................................................247
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
:kpe
n eo n nd
o rbo
.........................................................................:m r M
n pa
r ndnbhn m nr d pIn rn pH pr L
n n
n an
.........................................................................p rp nJ o r jn An L
n s M
n mL
r hn p r N
n nYn Qo eo CoG
r
n en hn ,pJn
r M
o ndEG n nd
s
n `rdG
o r N
n CG
.pnd
s r
n dG
p `rdG pk Hn eo
n pe pIOn
n pSG
r
n r M
n gn pp M
n hn pIns G
n r Hn QG
n On p qdG QG
n n
u dG
s n Hn n pc
o p cr CG ` 3
.r
n dG
o udG o n n L
n p qdG p nr `r
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
p noG p nr dG nn ar CG o jpRnCG ` 4
:pJBG
u sp d n nS
...................................àn ,kIn os b O
n n
n a pjs u dG
n ndEG m r jn Gn
n P
l L
o Qn
n n N
n
?pH n n n
r J rCG o jpoJ GnPen `
..........................................................................poco BGhn p
o Hn Pr CG `
..........................................................................rp cCG
r ep
n nd l r N
n n gp
n Fp n
n f nnnK
n p Yr CG u np dhn ,m L
o
r ep o pTr CoG
o nr d sp dGhn `
248
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
................hn mIn
n Tn p o
r Z nYn
r sM
n
r n n n Hr G s na .pIn s o rdG
n Gn Sn
o L
o s dG
n n rWCan
pnrnHnP nr d t p Tn nj ,oonj osfCG oonj n pn H ru o
n J nhn nna ne nY r s nnJ n `
p Ghn o
.knrpe noKnnK mIn M
u c oRr hn p nr JQs Oo pnU
n r M
n
r pe
n L
r n NC
r
.....................................................hn pjr n jn nYn oL
o s dG
s n an
.nnpdsdG n
n s dG pJgn `
...........................................................................
?pnpdsdH o n n
r J GnPnn a p r n rn KG
n np f nr b r
n fnCG `
.
r n gnn Phn oIn os dG
r Q
n nW os K
(q H ,eOh c ,qG HG)
p n `dG
:
n n dG
u Gk p n r eo n n S
o n
n pbdG
s G
n rn bCG
r rp cnCGh p jn en oCGbC
n G`5
p nC
p b mrbhn n r Hn
:n N
r ndnbhn M
k n an o np J Oo nnJ n gr hn pr n rdG EG oIn p Sn
r O
n Yn m n
.o Sn nj nnd ........................................................ `
p nCG ?oICL
.mYn r po H pL
n noG pp gn n pg en hn `
.....................................................................nr nd `
.............................................................?
n pdonJ GnPen `
p jn hn gn pjn
n jr CG ?On ot dG pYr Qn Rn
n jr CG{ :
o
r pe o n n p Tn t
o jn n gr hn pn jpnG EGp l p Sn
n n N
n
?n pJrCsN
n
249
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
.kn sJn eo
s s dG n pH prZCGh p hn r
n `rdH pIOn Qp GdG
n p Grn bCpH
o p SCr G ` 6
p n rWCG G
o rn bCG
nGhn r en
o Grn bCG
nrn fEG Oo s n n jn en noap r nJ nCG ?sM

n mIOn n Sn pa r o rfnCG CG `
p rJ n
en noap r nJ nCG ?n pKnpLG
r hn Qp
n TCr G p
n nf
p U
n pe n p
r nJhn n Hn r q dG
o M
n
n rfnCG nCG `
o u noJ n sfEG ?
o pan en
r pe pIn
n
s p d pp gn
p rfG
?pIn ndG
kIpn cn k nr pf
s
t nnr Jhn p nedG
u nrMRn t n
o Jhn pGn
...p n
r rn nf rn cro JG `
r dG Rp nZ
r pe nhn Ao nn f en
p U
.nn JO
.n pfr
n n Sn n nr Yn u
r on J
n ZCG p rp pn H
o n SCr G n u p nd ,n n M
n
o nr d `
Ro
o jn n so fEa ,Q
n sn dG Godhn n nn J rCG or u M
n
r pe nnc
r np d `
!p
n dG
s Gho nu oJ r CG or nd
p n nXn nJ r bn moJ pIn
n Gn UC
r G n p nn a ,n ofr
n ZCG
r s n er Gh n Yo r L
n Tn
r pe oGhn r en
n n rn bG
p dG
n pe r no pSn Vp
o n r jn en nho rp jo hn p
n V
s Qp un dG
r Yn no
n r jn r so fEG .nn bnr a m n rWCG
oICL
n no `rdG r o r ngn Pr CG
n jsp dG p n rWCG
n r Hn
n bn hn hn nIn
n dG
s nnJQr G s oK k n r n go n san .pr
n ZCG
:ro nd nnbhn
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................250
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p p r n nren
n r Hn pJBG p hn r
n `rdG pa pIOn Qp G`rn dG p Grn bnCpH k p n r eo p r js Qp Gn M
s s dG
o u VC
n G`7
.n ppJr nJ
m p Sn u Yn
o Grn bCG
m p Sn t CG
o Grn bCG
m p Sn
o Grn bCG
r n nd ?kjn npc
n pdnP o pn r nJ CG `
p
o dG
t
n r Hn s
o n nn J
n o jr kCGQn
.n r pe
n sM
n
n nn J rCG nhOo
n u Yn r
n pe o
n crCJ rCG p nr jn `
n p n r jn r cn p ndhn jn
p
.k
r Tn hn k
r nd
n o r L
.xnM nYn nrfCG `
.pjpYn jn l pgL
n
o cr CG `
n Qp nprfG pa
n t n an ,r bo
.pIn pFnG nYn
r
n fnCG nCG ?
o p Sn jn n
n d en `
?mr p
n H
o pa en
o rdh
n n nJ r n nd `
.u Yn nj pnjnp `rdG
ufEG . eCu G jn An
r Tn `
.oYn r L
n
Am
r Tn
u co
r pe r
o NC
n G`
sCG
o Or s n nJ n
r bhn .mn npH
,p r s dG
n r bn pJn p en nC er CG
E a
o p
r jn p rcCG
n pe Qo ncr
p
n Ypn r ro dG nn MC
r G ppM
n pd
.p
n HGnn dGhn
p J mjn nYn m n U
:podnCnr J s nYn l n pfM
n eu oCG GnPEan s n r Yn
o
r nn a .pr Tn
o YGo
n Gn
n P r
o an CG
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................o un jo nnc .m
t n pn H u Yn ndEG o orfCG nfCGhn
o nr L
n .
n nWhn s nd n pH k npaM
n oIn pFnG
r nfnc
gn Or Qp On r jn hn mYn r po H n co ojn s oK n o n r n an p
r sdG n n rpb o N
o rCjn hn ,pp an pa n pH p rjo hn n n r tdG
:pd n
n bhn pQp hr pn H k
u n n eo u Yn ns dEG n nnf .GOGk Qn Op Rr G
.......................................................................251
q LdG IqcG
(1 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
:
o rbo hn
o r n n Hr a
.......................................................................p M
:
n nbhn p r snrdG pr n L
n n an n an
.......................................................................:r
o bo
.......................................................................:o
o jn n gr hn m
n YEr H o SCn GQn
o u
n jo
n n L
n hn p rcnCG p Yn u Yn s
n bnn J
..........................................................................j
l pL
n l rp pJ or p r pp H
n
n rn dG ` 8
.o un oG pr ndEG n pH n L
s nn J pqdG pnp SCr G pHn n p pd o jp
n rdG o rp u dG n en s bn psdG pHn LE
n H
r p n SG
r
..........................................................................Qr
o r en r pHU
n ,r pHU
n `
..........................................................................pGhn n r n rdG
n pe `
.........................................................................
n pHn pH p n n rd pHnCG
n n n rfG
..........................................................................lGs nL lp nW osfEG
.........................................................................n Yp Qp Gn Tn
u opH
r oWCG r nd ufCG
r pe p rZs dG nYn Gk pcn pr n
n Yr CnG
252
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p
.m oWCG pa pYn V
o nr G ps
r dG
s p Grn bCH pJBG
s sdG prZoCG ` 1
Gv Tn sCG
s pp M
n
n N
n On hn pan r oZ
o Hn
n pao
o r n nna ,k pdDr eo
k np f
o o r jn ,p r n r n dG s n
r eo o p dG
:o odCSCr G
o r nKnn a ,o Hn U
n nCG
.............................................................................:kpFnb o SCn GQn s n an
.............................................................................:orbo
.............................................................................:
n H
n L
n Ca
o Gn an s dG o o unoJ mr p
.............................................................................:oseCG ordCn
n a
.............................................................................:
r ndnan
.............................................................................:
o rbo
.............................................................................n r U
n nn U
n npdPn np Sn s nan
orn nLhn ,nnSn snM ooJr Yn hn hn ooJCGs n an ,lnrnf orn nn d rne n N
.n r pe kar N
n p r nf s co
n r cn o co Pr CG
o rdRp en nfCGhn ,pSn Qn r nG EG kbr Tn p r jn Pr EG o r pe
o
n Yr nCG
.o r H pSG
n Qn u dG sSp rornJ rnd ?pSn Qn r nG p rLCG rpe p rnJ hCn G ?noHn V
n rgn ?nr bn hn rgn ?nndne
....pf ...en ....CG
?GkPEG
n p r jo en
.pfneCG nne pSn Qn r nG ndEG ngn s dG o jpoj osfEG
?pfneCG n pH ne ?l pdN
n o jpoj GnPne
253
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p n eo p r n s
p
.kIn T
r dG
s
n Grn bCG kYp L
n
u s dG n Hn n pc o Yp CG ` 2
:ljpU
n kIs ne pd nnb
...........................................:
o ro an
..........................................:b
.....................................:pd nnb Ap n `rdG nYn nr bn hn s ndhn ,nrgn Pn
.....................................p `rdG p
Ap n `rdG nYn m ho ren p r
r V
n m L
o Qn ndEG Qn TCn Ghn
.mjpSn nYn o qfCcn
p n SCr pd
pa s
l jpU
n kIs en pfYn On
n M
n n dG
u
o n L
r CG ufCG o o r nYr Cnan p
r n dG
p rMoCG r n an n o rHs nL ufCGh
sEG r
pYn n nj rCG prndEG orn nWhn ,U
n nr dG
s nYn s UC
n G o s p nd ,o n M
r hn
n gn r jn hn
ap n M
n n dG
u n un jo rCG pfn Yn hn hn
.p
n n `rdG p r `nd
Ap n `rdG nYn n r bn hn s ndhn ,n r gn Pn
pr nX nYn n p rnSCr G rCG s ndEGn nn nW
s eo CG rCGhn p r s dG n r Yp
o n ar CG n cn
sCGhn p n dGh
u p p ndG ndEG s Yn GQn Pp
r nna n obQr nCG rCG Qk Gn pe

o rdh
n M
n hn ,
r
n rfCG r n an
o Hr s L
n
m L
o Qn ndEG Qn TCn Ghn ,
n n n`rdG
n N
n CG
p
p
p
p
p
n
o
GnPEan An `rdG nYn r L nropH orn `rdCG Gk NCGh .ras hn CG
p `rdG p
n Yn m ho ren p
r
r V
n
p
p
n
kIQn nJ o rWC an ,AnG a s n rLQp hn
s n n pH o p N
r CG pH
.mjpSn nYn oqfCcn Ap n `rdG
.in N
r oCG
o So Qr nCGhn
o rdh
n nMhn ,r n rfCG r n an o rHs nL
p CnGh .
Gk N
r as hCn G r nan n bo Qr CnG rCG GQk Gn ep
p pnr opH
Ap n `rdG nYn p r L
o r n `rdCG
pa s nL
r Qp hn
s n n pH opN
r CG pH GnPEan
.in N
r oCG oSo Qr nCGhn kIQn nJ o rWCan ,Ap nG
254
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p no `rdG p nr `rdG p n ar nCpH Qn Gn G

p op cr oCG ` 3
.pnS
p pH t p pfnp `rdG Qn Gn nSG
p `rdG noLs dG nseCnnpd ms
:np n Yn unne ndEG pu npd nN
r
n On p sdG njpn`rdG n n
?
n p L
r nCG
r pe
n n ar CG rnCG pfner EpH GnPen ,pu Sn
n Dho n en
n nW `
...............................................................................
?pJn Yn n eo
r H
r gn .n go
r Yn mp Hn n r nZ pJQn s Sn
r n sn nJ r n nd `
n pYn npSp
...............................................................................
?npjrCGQn pa n nHU
n nCG p sdG on
n rdG ne `
...............................................................................
p u
.p jn u dG
n
n eo
s p nd o np nr J
o rdh
n M
n r n nd .
x Tn nhOo
n o `rdG ap
o nnG `
n GQn Or CG
r n gn Pn Jp nh
...............................................................................
?Op obrn dG nGq N
n
n
r
n an
r gn `
...............................................................................
E p rjn en p jpr p`rdG
.p en q gn
r Qp p n rJ
n pe ppH
o r L
n hn hn o o
r
n an r n nd ,pu Sn r n nf `
n L
o Qr CG .pnM
...............................................................................
.pndBG ppg ppcr nJ rpe on ar nCG n n rjQn kp bn pfr p nrfG .kn nM `
(q H 146, U 457, OdG zHdG{ q)
255
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p n ne pa p rns
p
.
u sdG npe n p V
r dG
s nGrn bCG oocr nCG ` 4
:
n nbhn pbn Qn rn dG nYn n nn dG
n Op s dG
n s nK
mp Sn
o Grn bCG
.GkPEG kp nM ` ..............................................p dG
:nnLCGh pndph sdG nYn n n
s l p Sn nV
n hn
p M
.jv Rp nZ Hk ho r en pd r
r CG `
..............................................o L
n jo GnPen !o L
n jo n Am r Tn
t co `
:kpFnb o SCn GQn
o Op s dG s gn
?GkPEG
...............................................
n
r n Sn GnPEG jk Tn `
:
n nbhn l p Sn pr ndEG n nnf
p Yn GkPEG `
.l
..............................................:
n VC
n Ghn mjpL
n
r pe o SCn GQn
o Op s dG s gn
..............................................p Op s dG
o Grn bCG
p dG
:
o ojn n gr h pn
s pn nd no pd l p Sn On Yn
.
l Tn o nLoj n `
p Yn nhn ` ...............................................l
:m unnoe ml U
n pa nnbhn in N
r oCG kIs ne oSCn GQn oOp sdG s gn
.
k jr CG Gngn o L
n jo nhn `
?puSn nj on nr J GnPne ` ............................................... `
:mQGn UE
n nbhn pIn jp
n `rdG Yn pp pHU
n nCpH l p Sn
n n V
n
r G pa
.
l p M
n o L
n jo nhn `
............................................... `
p p bn pr L
:kau Ceo
n nbhn p
n pa n nn `rdGhn n bn Qn dG
n
o Op v dG n V
n hn
..............................................:GOk Ou n oe
n n nfhn mIs pp H ppnpH n ndph sdG l p Sn nn n
n a
...............................................-
256
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p pH pprZoCGh pJBG
.pp paQn hn phGs dG nrnH Qn GOn Qm Gn
s sdG oCGn br nCG ` 5
s nYn T
r G GnPEGh ,p SQr s dG ndEG m r nj nGnP m
r o nd ufEG
o u on Jhn s nfPo oCG o o rna FGQn hn rpe op nrnJ lGn UC
p r dp
p a ,p un eo
.pndG
s p Yn sojn rCG r p r ndEG
o r n nWhn s p ap Qn ndEG
t n n `rdGh
s H
o r n
n r U
n
,pH nn
r jn r nan in N
r CoG kIs en n o o r L
n GQn hn .njp
n `rdG nfp Cn r n dp sEG p n or jn n nfnc n o s p nd
.m
n a p un oG ndEG n o oJnr n
n a
n en nYn n nn
p Z p jp sdG pa pfGn nnrfa p r p `rdG npe nrLn N
.p rnVn
n hn S
o Qr s dG n nrfG
............................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................. p Ghn rpehn S
,unM nep nrnj rnCG n p pL
n Qr s dG npHnJCG rCG unM rpe osfCH n o rn nbr CG pnjn udG pahn
.n p rnYn o o r nj ne p r an pa n go n Yp Sn oCG rCH n o oJr Yn hn hn
257
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p pHn n p pd p hn r
.o p dG
s o o Hr Gh
o CG o nan nW Qm Gn M
n `rdG
n pe p n jr CG Op o n rdG pa On Qn hn n pH
o p n SCr G ` 6
............................................. ...............................................
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...............................................
258
o nd
n p n r jn rCG ppHCG
r pe
o o rjn
o Hr EG
.pQncn Qn o
r Yo
p nr nj onCG
pa oruZn oj s Yn onrHG o o
.pQo
r o rdG Ap Gn Tp
o ojpU
n :
n n Sr nCG o ocr jn
o Hr G
p en
GQk o
r Yo in n TG
r l L
o r Yn ,
l p L
n l pF nW pQn n`rdG `
pcn n nG opFGOn ,r dG
s
.mn r od An Gn Tp ppHr G nYn
o p n r jn
o CG
kun eo p pHCnG
n Gn p rbG o
o ar jn
o Hr G
r o nJ r nd
n n tdG sCpHhn n o cn o sfCpH o r
n aQn
.pjproJ
onrnJ n pa
n n dG sCG o cu nDoj oCG
pa n n V
r hn sCGhn mIn pnc mnjn Yp ndEG
.n p js u M
o nYn Al Gn p Yr G m Unbr CG
p jo
t o jhn p p n nW n Yn t
o Hr G
.Ap no dpH
sCpH ,op nrnj n go hn ,onrHG o cu n oj oCG
.pQnp rdpH op nj n nAnordG
q LdG IqcG
(2 iG)
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p Yr oCan ,n teoCG n nrU

p a mIRn nn pH o njpN
rOn GQn nCan p n sdG p
n pgnH mnr opH rn
o mnn
n ran nW ` 7
.n p pbr n pH
n r pdG
s p nd
n pdPn
r Yn n proJ rCG t oCG
r ndh
n M
n .gn An Gn Tp
r ns n nJ
p rdG
p pH pprZnCGhn n n pbGdG
Qp Gn
r pe Gk p n r eo n eu oCGhn n
n jpN
n
n r Hn Qm Gn
n ppa o
t nJ jv Op r Sn n
s f
r o cr oCG
. 6 p jpr sdG pa onrU
o p sdG
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
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259
q dG Iqce
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
.n n
n `rdG op rnnr J nYr n SCr an ,pnjnpdG in rMEG rpe o Yn
n nnj kfnNOo hn Gk jpTn kenMRp mIs ne nGnP nrjCGQ ` 1
p k nren hn v p U
:p jn n pH k p n r eo js Qp Gn M
r hn k nren ppa
r Qp Or Gh n nKOp
n `rdG ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr G
o Grn bCG
...Qn s dG GhQo n M
r G`
...pfho Yp Sn `
...Gho p n Hr G `
ndEG
n pH
n o `rdG
n o r nf rCG n r nYn `
...nr n r o `rdG
.... `
o naU
o r n `rdG
o n Yr CG
n
n eo hn p Ss dG o t
n nJ
Qo s dG r o oJnh
p jp
n `rdG An n rWEG
n r n `rdG o ndM
n
p p
p p p
p Ss dG o ndM
n s fn n `rdG jn n `rdG Gn Yr CG o ho bo
Ap n `rdG p Wp Gn N
n t ne
...
p pdndG
s o V
r hn
psdG
t
o Gn N
r GE
....
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
260
q dG Iqce
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
p oou V
.ubr CG nYn p r
n
r Tn nrnH Qn GOn GQk Gn M
n oCGhn onnHnpc o Yp oCG soK pJBG
s sdG oCGn br nCG ` 2
o jpgn nodG
n hr Rn
r nfnchn ,p rdG
s pa kbp rn r eo
o sn dG nnc
t n nnan ,p np rdG pa k np n r eo o o L
p dG
rpe on nnb ne pr nj nAnL p sdG m pdU
n un rdpH nsMQn hn pnM
s n rnf oonLhr Rn hn osn rdG nnsJG .mu noe
rn paQo hn ,mnj ndEG mnj rpe o sjpr sdG oGQn hCr G rnn nrfna ,pn r dG
s pr n pH n nrfG ljpnM ro nrnH Qn GOn .mnoJr oH
p dG
...pnM
s ndEG ojOp ndG
s
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.n ns n an
l p nK Al r Tn
n pjn
r pe nn Sn kIC
r an hn .pr n rdG pp r nJ pa
n pJn Sr oCG On Gn ar CG
o Qp on J
n r co ` 3
p `rdG o r u V
n r Hn hn
n n rHn Qn GOn p qdG Qn Gn
n hn n pH neo onJ r o r co pqdG
n n Yr CG ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr oCG
.
n pn pH nnc en poSo n rKEG
n pnpFYn Op Gn ar CG
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
261
q dG Iqce
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
.pp pU
E nrN
n rYn unrdpH pYp nbr
s n nan ,mn jpnM nnSp ntnn J op noj m rp pH m rj nGnP nQr n ne ` 4
p rdG
pa o er nCG pr ndEG
n BG en
r u Hn h ,p r udG
n r Hn hn
n n r Hn Qn GOn p qdG Qn Gn
n n
s f
r u V
n hn v pHn pc n nKOp
n `rdG phQr G
.pnjn udG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
mn
n Z pa p paGs dG prn`rdG nQp N
n o n p sdG rnfnchn ,nSh
n Qo Oo t p oJ Ap ndG
u pdnnd rpe mnrnd pa nrco ` 5
.pGn p VG
r npe lAr Tn prnrdG pa sn an ,t pFnHo r n`rdG Qo ssdG n nnrfG kICran hn .mooLhn
p `rdG
.u pFHn o r nrdG Qp s s dG p np rfG n r Yp pnpFn rdG Op Gn ar CG
n r Hn Qn GOn p qdG Qn Gn
n n
s f
r u V
n hn nn M
n en phQr G
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
262
q dG Iqce
pHGs dG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
js pQGn M n pW
````q HdG
on br CG
l rcn nn nnf nn nd .npHCG n nrU
o n sYp oSCr G ndG
t nr n
n b nVE
r G pYp pnS
n no pH ` 6
...
n pHCG
n r Hn Ox Qn hn m N
r CG n r Hhn .o jn p n r jn rCG
n pHCG nYn
n
r
n `rdCan
n n r cn Oo onJ
n r Yo p pFn dGhn
p `rdG oru V
.p pFnrdGhn npHCG nrnH Qn GOn p qdG Qn Gn
n hn nn nM ne ppa phr nJ vjOp r Sn n
s f rocr G
...................................................................................
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263
q SSCG IqcG
eG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
pnfnu o pH
p nJ k nren
p n oG pGhn On nCpH n n r Hn oHo Qr nCGhn n n pJBG
o u n jo jv p r
n prfoC pn S
n n
o `rdG
o uJQn CG ` 1
.prn fEG prbn
p hoP l p U
.
r jr Pn CG s n jo hn ,m pbQn Qm Gn L
n hn
w p rYo
o hCs G
o j
r s dG
p nM n o or
p nj p rjQn phnnoe p rjnCGr L
l L
o re prn fEG orbn ons nnj
.lp Sn w p
n Yn
n pH l nran prn `rdG
r CGr oL rpe Am r oL uopd p r nodGhn p rjPn oCG nrnH o nLoJ
.Ap GQrn dG ndEG pIOn r n rdG rpe ns dG onr nj ls U
n
.pQn n rdG nYn o N
n BG Ao r
o rdG o n jn
p hoP l pcn hn w p r So pfsdG
.
n r no `rdG Yn r jo hn ,mp Sn Qm Gn L
o jp
r s dG
p Ghn
.p r n jp
r nJ
r pe o r pe mM
t co
o cs n n jn
.pp nrdG nYn p rjCGr oG o nMCG on nj
p nJ m nrne pnHnpc pa pnpJBG pn nr o `rdpH op nSCr G ` 2
.zGn pdo`rdG V
o n ne{ oofGn rYo
x p r
.....................................
o p nJ l en oKr L
o p Vn n `rdG Ggn
o n Sn
p pa
.p jpn rd u p
.....................................
r n dG Rp n G
..................................... p jpn `rdG Rp Gn pH n en o en oKr
o rdG
o o
r nJ
..................................... pjn p rZCG p jp nW

o n SCr G
o
o
r n an
r Yn ihn r n `rdG
.pnKns o `rdG p Vn n `rdG
.....................................
..................................... mn pe
n r To n r Yp ihn r n rdG
o
o
r nJ
..................................... hCr G ps pfGn n
n `rdG pn
n n rdpH m nKs n eo
.....................................
.pjs p n n `rdG
..................................... p r sdG pa mIn jpTn m nBH Qo o dG
t
pGn rWCGhn
.....................................
VGYCG
.....................................
Do t n s dG o o n r
.....................................
Qo u nnoG on SEr G
.....................................
.m n pHhCr G Qp n p rfG ap
o s n n jn
p nJ o o Wp
..................................... pBG pInM nYn o n pHhCr G r
n en
.....................................
.mn pFna mYn r po H
264
q SSCG IqcG
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
````q HdG
ppcGnn rdGhn p
n
o `rdG
o
r nZ
k L
n Rp nW n p cr CG
n r bn Gk u L
n
o p r nJhn pp
n `rdG o n p r nJ
pn p `rdG o r pe o jn nbp `rdG
Gk u L
n k r nW p
o tdG o r nW
prM
p hn pna nsdpH o njnp rdG
pnjp rZCG
E V
r n Hn hn o nu dG
n n nVa
r ,p p rs dG ps p n Yn Ap Gn L
r
o u n o `rdG n pn an ,p SQr s dG pa
n p p n r eo r o r co ` 3
o n pFGnn ahn p p rs dG n s u gn CG r ond
n s Hn hn o un o `rdG r on
s Tn .pr
n `rdG
o en nYn p pes dG p r Hn nYn
.ns
u dG
u
p
p
p
p
k nren o r u V
n hn ,n rWCG n ar CG On hOo Qo hn V
o u n o `rdG n pH n nb qdG
n n Yr CG GOk u n eo jv Or Sn n
v f
r o cr G
.orYn p VGn Yr EG rYn n nuJn no G n Wp
n nGhn on pannehn p p rsdG no r ne ppa on nr J vjprnJ
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
265
q SSCG IqcG
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
p pIn n rs dG pa
.n p jo n nJ ps p r cn hn pjs
r n `rdG pnfGn n
n rdG
r Yn k s p rYp k
s M
n r Hn nJ `4
p nJ k nren
.
n r p Sn hn
n r gn Tn s pe Gk p n r eo jv q
r o cr oCG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
p ,
.Ap n
n dG EG prn fEG pnM
r Qp
r Yn m
r Hn Op Gn Yr EH ,
n pbnaQp
r pe m jna
n r V
n r uco ` 5
.pJBG p hn r nG On Qn hn n pH knr oe nprnH
n
s noe ppa Vp
o r nJ vjrnJ k nrne rocr G
p u
p jpQGn dG
s Op obho hn p hQo dG
s
n eo
r Yn m SG
n Qn Op o nr f
p hQo r pdG
p jpQGn d
s Om obnn c p pFdG
s L
o Gn pbr G 1903
p Gn n `rdG
p M
n GnP p jpQGn dG
s pa o p r s dG
p nJ lnHn M
p n pH psjphn dG
l sp r
s p Gn rLCG ndEGp p U
o `ro dG pspfnreEG rYn mSG
n Qn Op o nr f 1925
.pspFn
n dG pncn r nG pGQn n n pd
p pFdG
s Op pbrn dH o p nj ondn rdG oan n Yn m hQo U
n ohCs G o rWEG 1926
n r Yp
n en o s p ndhn
x Op o Yn m rpn H ms NhQo U
n mIn pF nW pa m L
o Qn
o hCq G n pfn `rdCG pa
n n nrfG 1945
.p VQr nCpH ppeGn p UGh
r ppJOn r Yn
p Qp nG Ap nrd m hQo U
.p VQr CG p rS
n nr a ke 244 n n nJQr G Pr EG q L
n p hCs G
o U
o ho 1949
.m
n Hr CG p jpQGn U
n pa mnpc pn rWEG pa
o
n s dG
p m n bn p hCs G
(rJr S)
o p VQr CG
n r M
n x Yp n U
o n rWEG
1956
.1
r o So
r a ppn cn r n pH p VQr CG
n r M
n Qo ho jn Am n
n a p L
o Qn
o hCs G jpQnbnb pQjo
1961
.kIQn hr On 48 p VQr CG nr nM Qo ho nJ 6 roSo

r a pa Ap n
n dG pa mICGn reG ohCs G naoj
r pJ nprndna
1963
266
1957
q SSCG IqcG
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
rfrfoeQr CG rpfhn rpdoc rp rjne :pn n dG p rSn nYn opr nJ msjp n nH mnr nH ohCs G
.rjpQrdCG rjhOr EGhn
.( QG QGO ,AdG GS Y ,1971 ,dG Y )
````q HdG
6
1969
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
267
q LdG IqcoG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
,(...
n r cn ) `pH oCGn r jn n go o M
n nCG :pH pnsn n jn p r ndGDn So
o o cr nCG s oK ,pbn npH
u co pa On Qn hn en oCGn br nCG ` 1
.(...GnPn pd) `pH oCGn r jn pfsdGhn
?.................................................................
n r cn
?..................................................................GnPn pd
m en n Yn p
o Sp r s dG :pn pJBG pnsdG ps p n n rdpH o onf pGn

s p d m pdU
n A
o
o r pd
.
o p r dG
s hn T
o r dG
s hn
?.................................................................
n nr c
?..................................................................GnPn pd
ppH n
p n r jn
r
n `rn dG p p dp
s H lIn pF nW lIn n M
n
r n nnJQG
r GnPEa .ppr Hn prbn pa
o no r dG
n
o
.kLp
n nd kIO
s en po `r
o dpH sCpd o r pe s
o dG
n n nr Yn
n
n n SG
r hn
?.................................................................
n nr c
?..................................................................GnPn pd
p dG
n n Hn n jr n nd
r np d ,ln SCr G n nd
n r nd k js p
r Hn r CG
r nfnc k js u Hn x Yn m rpn H
n Mn
s sGE
p n SCr G
.no jprhn p n sdG p rndp Im O
s M
n G
s n M
n hoP w fp nr b Qn
l r ep
?.................................................................
n nr c
?..................................................................GnPn pd
mnr d
p L
p p r dG
s co snCpd pn r dG
s ppfGrn dCG ndEG
o q
n n jn q L
n Ro Qm To r en
n nN
s Ao r V
n s en GnPEG
p n r jn
,gnn YCr G o n rnn a GQ
k
n p rfG gn o n UC
r G o n MC
r G Ao r dG
s hn .m n p n
r eo m jphGn pH o
p rn n rn dGhn
Ap r V
n Qp n p rfG p Yn m n bo S
o nr b
o o r jn hn .nn n SCr G o n rnn a GQ
k n p rfG gn o rn cCG t
.pQTo r n `rdnc
o n r nJ pdG p nnG pGn nnb jnen nYn p r dG
s
268
q LdG IqcoG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
p Gn n en pjs p rp nJ pn nren p jn en pa ` 2
.pnN
p n `r
o
x cp n L
o
n r Hn pHr s p d n n S
o dG pGhn OCn G
o p r n SCr Ghn pdGn `r
o dGp hn r
n `rdG pa n o n p r nJ o Yp CG
.n o r ep
p jo n s pe
.ljn u neo lIrn M
o n pg .Am en nhOo
n r n `rdG o o p r jo n x M
n m pFnc
t co ?n nWnrdG
t
t
r en
pFn p `rdpH no r N
n hn l nKnnK ?n nWnrdG
t nYn
o
o n
r f
n nr c
r p nd .pIn r
n d p
w Qho V
n Ao `r
n dG
p
p r L
n n r Yp .in NC
r G ndEG mjps o Yo mn pa
r pe o n r dG
u pp gn
o p n n
r J .Al en prn fEG p r L
r pe
Q
o un dG
o rn oJ hn
r cn`rdG p
o
r en
p n U
p On S
n r Yp n r pe o rn cCG p VdG
s n r Yp n pg .gpn p
r n pd j
n O
n
n NG
o ns oJh
o o r
o dG
o n o
r Jhn
p p
m
r Yo
r pe
k jr CG
o p n
r nJ n pg .n
r n pd Gp
k nr J p r dG
s ps TCp G
n n
r J s
o o
n J .p r dG
s
n o oG
o
n rnJhn Qo oo dG
o Gn oJ p p
r s dG ps p n Yn n r Hn .prn fEG Ap
n YCr G
r pe n NB
n G ndEG
p pa Ap `r
p n jo .m Yp nf m
sn co .o
u G pa pw
n Yn nl cr en p r G
n dG
n p nr J o T
o r en ndEG
n s
n n n pd
in n gG
r rCG ndEG HGk n Tn n
o r n r jo hn
r cnrdG nnc .p n`rn dpH orn fEG n n Tn Ap `r
n dG o n r pf
r s
n n nJ
r pd mnjp nW ndEG zrpJhr gn rna{
t prnd`r
o dG
npdnpH n s ne .ppHooM rYn hn
r cn`rdG pIn rHRo p n
p Qp gn Op Rr
.p nWnrdG
t pYn n U
prn fEG p r L
p pa Ao n `rdG
nWnrdG
t
269
q LdG IqcoG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
p n o `rdG pGhn On nCpH n n r Hn oHo Qr CGhn pn pJBG p n

m nren nYn
n
o M
r C pn S
o `rdG n p r nJ o Yp CG ` 3
z?o nZp dG
x p rp nJ
s Qo r p dG on nr J nrnc{ oofGn rYo
.u dG
s p n
r eo Am np pH lIOn hs n eo o nZp dG
s Qo r p `rdG
p GOn n n cr CG mYn r po H o n sdG
n n cr CG mn pdYn mL
n Qn On pa Ol L
o r en o fs C p nZp dG
s Qp r p rdG
n N
o
n r jn
p Yn Qm r pb pa nnc nr d s pe
.mjO
p j
p dG
p On Ao `r
kIos b
E G Qo
o o
r n an
n nar
n ro dG
o
r n p nZ
s Qp nr `rdG
n NG
n dG rp jn en n r Yp
p V
.k nZ
n
p on
p p n r `r
.
r G Qp
n `ro dG Ip QG
n n M
n o L
n Qn On
o dG Qp
n `ro dG Ip QG
n n M
n p L
n Qn On
r ep o rn cCG
p p
.Gv L
u n dG prdG
s pndM
n pa
o rn jo meCn G
o s U
n p nZp dG
s Qp nr rdG Ap np pH
p dG
p On
.Ap n `rdG
n pe lIpn cn l s nu c pnr dEG
o o
n Jhn p nZ
s Qp r rp dG
n NG
o n sdG o V
n jo
pYn r So nYn o Y
p n jo mn np Jr eo mIQn Gn M
p r dG
n pL
n Qn On GnP GQ
k
n Ho onu no a Ao `r
n dG p rjn p
s n r Yp
.p r sdG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
270
q LdG IqcoG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
pn jpM
n
r pe m rcQo pa n Yn Qn r n pd p S
n jn pIQrn Hn
r Yn p
r `rn dG pa GO
v L
n
n NC
n G
n r L
n hn ` 4
en ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr CG .pQhoo dpH o nKnn jn n
n p S
n n `rdG sCG o nd
n r s n an ,ppr n `rdG
pn dG
p nC ppa
s n r Yp p
q o
n G p oKndG
s
n o oW
n N
o n nr J jv p rp nJ k nren o r u V
n hn ,nn M
n
.pJBG p hn r n`rdG pa On Qn hn s pe G
k p nr oe
o pbr dG
s
p
r oZ
r pe Am r L
o o r nW
rCG ndEG pHn r t dG pa mIn
n Tn
p GOn GQho
nn N
k L
o s o jn
pIn
n dG
s p Yn p o
r rdG o rnb
o n par G
p nMCG r pe m r an o r bn
p dG pr
p
u
n `r
o dG Rp n r
n ZCG
pn r s d
Gn gn
n p
r jn rCG s H
o
k Yo r Ho
o nr `rdG
uCG
m H oJ pa p r n rdG oOr Qn
no Knnn J psdG pnJn dG
s
n pe n r
mn pFneo
p
p
p
....,
dG
:
dH
o n n
rs
no Knnn J pqdG pnJn dG
s
n pe
o u dG :p
n p ar pH
o r Hn , nW nn rdG ,t pcr dG
s
...pjn dG
u Qp
n TCr G
o p rdG
s
n pe m p U
n m nr a
o nprbG
u oCG pIn
n dG
s
mn pfnK mn nr f pSn nYn o po rnJ
n r Hn (n pf
n rZCG p MC
n G hCr G)
n pJn r pb uTn
n r Hn mHGn nn b pbn nYn

r pe s Hno
pIn
n dG
s hn Cu G pIn
n dG
s
` p UpQGnn dG o nFYn ) pn pfsdG
.(` knen
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
271
q LdG IqcoG
(1 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
psdG QG
n n VC
r G no d
n u on J rCG GQG
k n pe r
n dhn M
n .oo bQp njo n
n n UC
r a m p U
n xpp H
n NC
o G s
n nn J ` 5
keRp noe s nX osnp d ,rndEG n oo rnJ pqdG p VGn renCG p jp nW rYn prn fEpd onfGn nnrdG
n pa osn nnJ
...mIs en
n GnPhn .pGn n
n rpd
,
o p n nr J pqdG p VGn er nCG p Yn jv p rp nJ k nren o r u V
n hn nn M
n en ppa phnr J jv Op r Sn n
s f
r ro coCG
p pnjEG p
p pa
.q rp dG
n M
n Sr Qn On s pe Gk p n r eo prn fEG ndEG ,Gn n r
n dG n r Yn
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
272
q LdG IqcoG
(2 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
p sdG n nrn `rdG oCGn br CG ` CG ` 1

:pJBG
s r
p nj ,pdGSCr Gh jpar GE pa pas n`rdGh pIQs n`rdG p Wp nn `rdG pa
o
o Yp CG ,pnHh
r n`rdG oIn nTn nfCG
p pfo Yp n jo hn .ek n bn
Yp r L
n ndEG p robhn ek n bn
n p r Sn hn mn r N
n ndEGp Yp npJQr G
n pfn nKhn mn r N
p
n rp fCG o onJ Qo ner CG
o or nJ en n r p an .pn p rd mGs
n cn o eo p
r n SCr G ufC Ap nn rdG nYn o
r dG
s
p o p n r na p
kar N
n per H o s pn rp dG
n Am ro pH o op r n SCr G p qdG Ap n `rdpH Yp r L
n r n SG
r
n rpe Ap n `rdG p U
.mnSn pBG n n r N
n
o Yp CG r bn hn ,Am ropH o rfCG npdn pdh ,pOp nnf rpe
p an ,Q nreCG p Sp r ne sEG pGQn hr nCG o npYn nfCG
o nu nW p
l H Ql gn Rr CG Yp ho ao nYn o n rnJ n
p q dG pJn r nK
p jn hn .ln pen l
Im Rn r en p oW ndEG o
r pe Ql n pKhn p
n pFGs dG
n V
o oW
o
r N
o
l GQn hCr Gh l s p n
.pIRn r n `rdG p rob p ner CG pnKnnK ndEG gn o robhn mIn pcn
p rfCG `
k p n
r eo pIn
r nd
t H
o u n jo k nren
o o rcCGh p pHdG
s p nr n `rdG p Gn r pe n Yn
o
.pnpHno `rdG pbn nprdG pa pIOn Qp Grn dG pneor n `rdpH
oInrndG
t :oSEr G
p Ghn s dG :onn
p rdG
o GnP o n p n rdG
o M
p GUC
r G
.............................................
,Hs hQo hCG ,SBp G ,n p jp ar GE :

o Wp r n `rdG
.............................................
Qp o oG
o r Hn ,njpen CG
.............................................
pIn ordnc l jpnr oe

o nrHCG
l rnH :o oKnsdG
.............................................
.p VQr CG pa oan r oj
.............................................
........................ :ojn p rs dG
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
273
q LdG IqcoG
(2 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
:p jn en oCGn br CG ` CG ` 2
:n n
t f jn en pa mn Hn n eo nYn n pa n nn an ,n rWCpd k s
n en peSn
n s n
n J
p `rdG Ap n dG
Qp o tdG pGn n Yn nne pnn
s pa n r dG
s Gngn Gho p nJ rCG ror Tp rEG ,nAGs Yp CG pFnbpUC
r G{
p no `rdG pIOn n r o `rdpH G op nrMG n p ndYn nYn Goas n nnJ rCGh
:mnr oL uco pa p rSn nr b nrnH On Qn hn s pnS
.(ppfYn s dG ` j
o u dG ` ppd
n n `rdG)`pH Ap n M
r CG
n pe gn p r nZ
r pe Qo o tdG o s n nJ
.(TG
n n n `rdG ` o ro `rdG ` n s dG)
n rpe nGn sdG o n nr J n s p nd l
n pL
r CG n nd Ql o oW
n n go
p s oG oen oCG
.p nd
s Gk er Qn (oen n
n `rdG `
o Gn o`rdG ` o r dG)
s oIn
r n
n sJG
p nM) s n oj n
.(Gk roL ` v Yo ` kIn
u rdG npe krnH Qo o tdG prnJ
` Ts
o oG ` on dG)
t n u gn CG rpe ond kAGnZp n re n au n opd Qp o tdG npe kanUC
r G orfEG nsLOn
.(
o L
n s dG
.(p n p rfG ` p r n `rdG ` Ip On np `rdG)`pH Qo o tdG
o nrZCG o nKnn nJ
p nJ k nren
p n o `rdG pHr s dG pGhn On CG kp r n r eo
.nn S
o rCGn bn s pe Gk p n r eo Qp o tdG p Yn jv p r
o o cr CG `
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
274
q LdG IqcoG
(2 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
n pe Gk pnc r o r
s Sn hn k pr eo ek r jn r o r n
s na ms Sp Qn r en m n M
r Qp pa k js p nKCG k n jp en r oJr
n bn ` 3
n
n `rdG pa mjs p nKCG mn rpb Op L
o ho ndEG r oo un eo
n snnJ pIOn r n `rdG n r Yp hn .p nM
n no `rdG
v f
r o cr CG .pnpa
p nJ k nrne oru V
:pJBG p s
n opH kp nr oe Qp nKBG pn pb rYn vjpr
n hn nn nM ne ppa o
t nJ vjOp r Sn
........................................
........................................ o n ` rdG ,o e dG) p n M dG n p rfG
n
ns
r u o
........................................
n o rdG ,p onndG o nSp hn ,Oo r
o n `rdG
........................................ ...,nocQp
........................................
Op r
o n `rdG pnn `rdG ndEG
o U
o ro dG
pjs p nKCnG pn jpn `rdG pa
o t
n s dG
........................................
........................................
........................................
Qp nKBG p Yn men or en
o n pcr G
........................................
pbGn ne ` psjp nKCG pn rp rdG ndEG o tn s dG
o
........................................
.pnrMu dG pa npcQp n o `rdG

........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
Qp nKBG p Grn fCG

r Yn o un o `rdG n eo u n jo
l en or en
p pF
o pFnKh)
n n p pF nXhn hn n
n N
n p r Hhn
pIn pcGsdG nYn on
p `rdG ,lnHorne ,lnpeU
n
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
275
.(..,pn pHdG
s pGQn
n nrdG o SG
n Qn Op ,psp nWrn dG
?pjs p nKCG pn rp rdG pa

o t
n s dG s nJ
n r cn
q LdG IqcoG
(2 iG)
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
pnHnpc pa k n nHn oe p n rWCd pn sLn o `rdG psnn `rdG in rMEG rn snf p nr pSG
r pYp pnS
n no pH ` 4
p
.q rp fn p `rdG Qp n r pSG
n pe nfOp npH p jp
r nJ pa
r n gn Sn ms p pfoJ ms
r pn H
o u n jo n
x f
r
p
p pa nSr Qn On s pe Gk p nr oe gn Qo n
.p jpQsdG p
r nJ mq
r pn H ppa ou n oJ n
v f rocr CG
n M
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p G o sfCG r o ar n Yn On Yn
p hn .ek js CG pSn Qn r n `rdG p Yn r oo jpU
k
n r òd
n cn CG o sfC m t n n pH
n UC
n M
n
n s nnJ ` 5
p nrnj m pFnH rpe gn Gn nTG
.pSn Qn r n `rdG nneCG
o
r
p nJ k nren o r u V
n s p r cn ppa
v f
r o cr oCG
o n nr J jv p r
n hn o nd in L
n en
n o jpU
n ppa phr jn jv Op r Sn n
.o n Wp
n en hn pjn p rZCG pnt nJ
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
...............................................................................
276
q dG In qce
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
p nJ k nre
.zpn s p d o q pFGnp rdG o n p dG{ o ofGn r Yo jv p r
o o cr CGh pn pJBG pen or n `rdH
o p n SCr G ` 1
....................................
.p p dG
s pn dG
s
n pe
n r
n aCG
n r nd o pn`rdG
o n dG
s
....................................
npe n nrcCG mn
r pf nYn pnrnj o p dG
s on dG
s
p nn `rdG ....................................
.p pn`rdG pn dH
s k nfQn noe psFGnp `rdG p U
p n `rdG ....................................
:pn dG
s pa oIn uan n o `rdG o s pFGn p rdG o U
....................................
...,Qr o rdG ,QoSo
r `rdG ,r o rp nrdG
....................................
p n n rdG pp gn
jn nN
o N
o r nJ
n hn p np `rdG p jprnJ pa o U
p pa o pgon J n cn ,
.p St n s dG
n pe pn SCr G pjn n M
u oG ....................................
.ps pgr t dG
o p bn
o n dG
s ....................................
pa kIOn njRp pfn oj m jpne uopd l pdU
n o n dG
s ....................................
.p s dG pa p rdG
s pnr pf pa hCr G pRr rn dG ....................................
.pGn rjn o`rdG op bn on dG
s ....................................
.p
o n dG
s ....................................
r n dG
o r Sn
.Gk s
n eo nnc GPEG pn dG
s o n pb o s nJ n ....................................
p p dG
s hn ,p pnrdGhn p p dG
s o ncr CG
o n dG
q ....................................
.p jpn `rdGh ....................................
oN
n CG sp nd ,p paGn sdG pnrZEH nn SCr a ,pQGs dG pbnH ndEG s nr nj rCG lpdU
n n
n an ,l p U
n ljpnM nndn rfG ` 2
p rn pH prnYn Qn TCn G vp Yn
.n
p C lpdU
n an r o`rdG pp rnZ nnSn pN
n pa o n
u oj k nrne ppa oQp r oJhn n nKOp n`rdG ppa o
t nJ vjOp r Sn n
v f rocr CG
.pQ nWEG pa On Qn hn n pH kp nr oe p jpn`rdG pnehn
n oe n sp rcn hn
.Ap Gn n dG p Yn n pdr n pH
o pFGn
n `rdG o nr nJ
.Qn sdG o p roj pbn p nro `rdG p n rLCG nYn poHr n`rdG rcoCG u pFoK T
u n pd pInCn rp G on r nSG
r
p r
p cCG
hCr G p er s dG hCr G Ap n `rdH n Tu n pH Ap Gn n `rdG p
r Yn o bn p n
r o `rdG o n L
r CG
o n r oJ Qp s dG Qp n prfG p `r n dp
p pd m pHnb p rnZ m snoe Am np pH n u npH
.pGn prM
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
277
q dG In qce
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
jq p rJ n pW
````q HdG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
n cr CG o
o ar jn o sfC o s
u dG o o ndM
n
r An Sn m rWp
r Yn r oJrCGn bn ` 3
p
p pa r oo un eo r or ndEG
s M
n n nna ,p
r sdGhn p
n
o `rdG
p nr Jhn ps pFGnp `rdG pYn o
nV
r `n `rdG
n r Tn p rp `rdG pnjEG
.pRp Gn n o `rdG Ap Gnp `rdG ps u gn CG
k nren o r u V
n hn ,nn M
n en ppa o
t nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr Go
p nJ
.p Vho r n `rdG p Sr s dG
n pe Gk p n r eo jv p r
................................................
................................................
................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.z
n nWr bn
o Sp rCJ{ o ofGn r Yo n
v f
o o cr nCGh pn pdGn o `rdG pbn nprdG pa An L
n n pH
o p n Sr nCG ` 4
?Gho n n TG
r n pHhn ?nt p p p rdG r go
r en
p G rgo
.(kjpr J t pdn`rdG nrod) ppa GoUC
.kU
s N
n psjp rnrdG pIQn nqdH GonnTG
r
278
q dG In qce
eG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
pSu n n o `rdG p
p Gn Sn nYn mjs Qp
r n rdG
n M
n pJ n pcGn en
o SCp nJ
?oIn jp
n `rdG o n jpn `rdG
p sdG pr n dG pnjGn pH pa (vpdnM
nrbn p S
n pfoJ op N
n ) nqpHtdG Op npH np N
n nup pp `rdG on pcr G
Op n`rdG
p M
.p p
n `rdG pa m
n mnen Qo n NG
.. 814 n nSn (Tr n nM r bn ) n nWr bn oAnpH @
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
279
q SSCG IqcG
SOdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
p n sdG npe l nr oL pp gn ` CG ` 1
:gn oDhn br G .pn L
.mns eo Qm n
r en
r pe An n `rdG
o n TCr G n `
.Ap n `rdG prn`pd kp nf kAnfEG op r nSr nCG `
.lA nZp prnYn hn m uV
n m oYo Pp mp nf Am nfEG pa sEG nAn `rdG op N
r CG n `
p Or oCG n `
.Ap n `rdG pIs nL pa pnj oN
.n ndr nM pqdG pnMdG
s hn Ap n `rdG On Qp Gn ne op nrMnCG `
p
.m o SCr G
s co p r L
o rp ZCG `
.o n r Hn hn p rcCG
n r bn k pFGOn
s n jn
o rp ZCG `
.
l p nK o sfC Ap n `rdG p n r pSG
r pa nGn ar EG n `
:pJBG p hn r
n `rdG pa n o u UC
n G`
l n n reo
l n p r nJ
s p r en
l n p r nJ
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
p nYn bp naQp n en
zAp n `rdG pnpe{ pnZn U

n n n `rdG nfr
n rfCG .pn pHdG
s pn p r s dpH pnfn pSH
r
o r n sJG `
p nr J k nren o o u VC
.p Vn ndG v p L
n Gh n bn hn e ppa phQr CG jv Op r Sn n
v f
o o cr CG .n p un eo nYn o n V
r n Yn hn
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
280
q SSCG IqcG
SOdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
ppFn reCG pa n nnfhn ,on rnH sTn hn ,pp rnd rYn on rL

p nn
n chn nho nG pHCG nnHPn nVE
r G pYp pa ` 2
p o gn n prfG
k jpbn p pHGs dG prnrdG ndEG o n per jn rCG On GQn nCGh o n
s an ,
l jpnZ l r L
n n nan .ppFYr CG pp n
r eo hn
.u pFn `rdG p p rdG Qp nN
r CG ndEG on snfhn pnpFn `rdG Op Gn ar CG o nMnCG nN
s n na spe
p noj ne oou VC
:pnpdsdG pn p r sdG npe oS
n Ghn n nKOp n`rdG ppa o
t bCG vjOp r Sn n
v f oo cr CG
n oeOr Qn hCr G n bo r nM osn nnj rnH ,pnp rd k V
n r Yo pjp
n n `rdG Ap n rMCG pr nJ on Yn `
prn`rdG orHQn `
.o nd pan`rdG p rcCG o panr J `
pn p rWCG jn nHn
r Yn p
r n rdG hCr G p tn s dG
n pe o n r en `
n pn Yn Gn eo hCr G pnp `rdG p r nd n r Hn p jr n n rdG
o nr Z `
.pnp `rdG p phn n eo pa ps pdp r n `rdG pfGhCn G pr nJ o n Yn `
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
281
q SSCG IqcG
SOdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
,np sdG rocn Qp oj rCG On GQn Ca ,non rnJ rorfCGh m r nj nGnP rpH nnn`rdGh ,l jpnL lr Wp rounH snM ` 3
k nren o r u V
v f
r o cr Go .pn r udG n Yp Gnn b o nd
n n r n pd o r pe
n er s n n an
n hn nn M
n en ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
p nr J
.p r ud n nrMn Tn pqdG pnr tdG pYp GnpH osn nnj vp L
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
n pFSn `
n rdG r o r n
n na ,r oZp Gn na pnbhCr G pa n pH nr s
n n nJ mn r od p r U
o nYn
n nbnaQp hn
n rfh
n n nJ ` 4
p Yr CG .mHn o U
r oJQr s bn hn r oJr nrfCG n pH r o r
o pIs Yp Rp h
o
n nJ
r pe r o r sn nJh ,p n n `rdG pa r o Yr n Tn hn pGhn On CGhn
.pIn pFn`rdG p p r n pd pSn Qn r n `rdG ps
n en pa o n nr f
pn jp npH hCr G p r dG
p nr J k nren o r u V
t ps p r npH
o sn n jn v p L
n hn n Hn p
r s dG ppa o
t nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr Go
.pn r pSG
r
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
282
q SSCG IqcG
SOdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
pa
n N
o t dG o
o ar jn Gk p U
n kr Wp
n jr CGn an ,p Wp dG
s nYn
n r co pIQs
n `rdG pr dG
s p js CG pM
n CG pa ` 5
.pM
n n dG
u n Yp Gnb o nd ou n oJh o o
u on J o et oCGhn Ap n `rdG
p J m nrn pH pprZnCGh nn M
n N
v f
r o cr Go
n BG m nrn pHh o On Ot n nJhn p r udG
n r N
n ppa
o n
.pM
n n dG
u n tn nJ o nd n u n o pd n p r p pd t CG n r en s bn pqdG pn p r s dG ppa
o Qp r oJ
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
283
q LdG IqcG
(1 in G)
SOdG IMdG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
.Qn Op
n n pH pIAn ho r n `rdG pn p r s dG
n pe l Yn o
r en p jn en ` 1
p jn en o nu ZCGh ,kr Wp k Wp
p H kFOp H n nHn n pc o Yp CG
.o r
o nJ
o
n eo p eCr G pnp
p dG
pgu
n JG pa pen Op nrdG pGQ
n s dG
s p p jn nYn p jp sdG pas M
n nYn hCr G pU
s nYn o r dG
s
ppQo Yo
n r bn pGQn s dG
s
n pe ps n n `rdG ou N
o
r pe
o t ns dG
pU
p dG
s n en mpen n eo xN
n pa p jp sdG Q
o o Yo
p dpH hCr G p nn
p Q`r
n r Yp AGnp r
r Gp nY hCr G q Lp
n dG p Sun dG nYn AGp n V
r nCd mn pcYn
o n r pSG
r
.kr nd p r dG
s
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
p nL ppJBG p
(n)`pH keho rne Ypk Q
n oe kr pa n rpe xoc n njGpn H kY
n p r sdG n nHnpc
o YCp G ` 2
p
.
n pW
n o `rdG ndEG Gk pr eo n n pgs dG
mn SG
p Qn mHn n Yn p eCn G
r pe p jp sdG Qp o Yo
o n pLG
r
pHn n n `rdG p N
p nJ
u D o pH p tn s dnc pIn p
n `rdG pn rdCG On
pu n `r
o dG nYn p r n `rdG o n Yn
pSn Qn r n `rdG pHn
r pe p ho
o `rdG n r Yp p jp sdG n
r nf p naprfG o n Yn
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
284
q LdG IqcG
(1 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
ppH
p nr J k nren pJBG
o Wp NC
n G ms p r Tn mY
n Sn p r p
o H s
o n n jn pv L
u dG
s
n pe oUC
o G`3
.pn p r sdG ppJr nJ ndEG opnrfnCGhn ,p jpU
n
js pjpM
n GQ
k n r pehn inv eo kbQn hn hn k n p nf k nZQp na n Wp n nW n rn Yo hn k ps n N
n k M
n nr d o jn r en
r s YCn G
o r n
k r bo ins o `rdG pQn rn dG nYn
r n Sn Qn s oK ,kbo
n dhn U 5 o od oW
s bhn U 60 o o rob js p pFGOn U
U
n or `rdG nn bnr a n
r r
n dCG pps n r
n dG pM
n sr dG nYn n nZQp n`rdG n rn `ro dG
r n ns K rCG n r Hn hn .mjn n p pH
Ap nn a pa n r n n U
n pqdG n s p r dG
s n n Y
n Sn
r n V
n hn pn`rdG
r pehn .Q
n n r rp dG ppcn r en pa
r n ns Khn
n tco
r nfnan ,n r Yn mp nH n nr Z m p nX mnen pa Q
n n dG
s
r n
n bhn p r dG
s pho To o r eo Qp GdG
s
p dG
p G ap k en nYn
.p Ur o `rdG nYn Qp n r `r
u Xp p NB
r n Sn Qn l Y
n Sn
r s en
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
.
n p sdG n n
n an
r nr jo r nan o r pe
n p
r s dG
n hn M
n .pSp r p
n H m L
n hn nYn ek r jn o n M
r CG
n naCG ` 4
p L
r CG
r pe n n M
r nC
o p sdG n pH n L
s nn J
n pFn
n f o o u V
n oCGhn n bn hn en ppa phQr CG jv Op r Sn n
v f
o o cr nCG
p nYn p nna
.pQ nWEG pa pIOn Qp G`rn dG pfn n `rdpH k p n r eo ppfn SCr G p
s U
n o `rdG
pn p rZCG
o r nf ` pn p rWCG o
r en ` pn Sr nCG
o nr Z ` pp nG
o r To ` pjs p n
n `rdG
o cr CG
p dG
.pGOn s n o rdG
o ho n nJ ` pn rdG
t Ap n Tr nCG o rp nJ `
o N
s o n sdG ` p jpQGnn rdG
285
q LdG IqcG
(1 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
286
q LdG IqcG
(1 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
n bn hn s oK k n r od Qn n N
r Ghn n pFL
n Qr CG pa
n L
n .pn tdG nIRn nen n n
n bhn o n nd
s M
n l p Sn n ns c ` 5
....
n HndG n en nCG
r np d ,
n n sdG n an r n pd pp
k nren hn (m p Sn pnd
n pd) v p U
r hn k nren o r u V
n hn nn M
v f
r o cr oCG
p
.op
n HnrdGhn o p Sn o nan nW jv Qp Gn M
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
...........................................................................
287
q LdG IqcG
(1 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
ok or c n o rdhn n nJ s oK n pH n o r p an ,pYn Qn r n `rdG pa

n u L
n pr Hn ndEG w pn L
r CG
l jpU
n
n n an GQn ` 6
p Yr oCan ,mnrJEH noJs nL orJs Yn CG
.nojpU
n ppH n
pYn Qn r `r
p J k nren o r u V
n dG
n pe Gk n r en ppa
o n
n hn ,on nn dr L
n ppa o
t nJ jv Op r Sn n
s f
r o cr CoG
p nr J k nren hn
Op Gn Yr EG ps p r cn
n r M
n
n p jpU
n p GDn So
r Yn Hk Gn L
n
n pJs L
n pn pd nYn v p L
.p oor rdG
...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
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...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
288
q LdG IqcG
(2 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
p Gn ne ouJQn oCG ` 1
ndEG n pH osLnn JCG m renCG p n ar CpH oCGn rnJ mn p r nJ n rpe oU
o nCGhn pn r dG
s p rU
o nM
.p jpU
n
p dp n`rdG ap p p
n r o `rdG p r dG
s
t U
n
ins o `rdG pQn `rn dG
r pe p rdG
s u pfGn oSr oCG mpdnb o r U
o
x pfn r en m
r U
n pa p r dG
s o r U
n
p r dG
s pt nnJ n r nH ppdn`rdG oran
p dp n`rdG nSn hn p np n `rdG o V
r hn
n pdn`rdG p oW nYn n od oW o jpjn mnpan Oo Gn Yr GE

...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
..............................................................................
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...............................................................................
ppJr nJ ndEG o pn rfCGh ,p r dG
p nr J k nren pJBG
o U
s
n pe m n r pe p r p
o H
o sn n jn v p L
u s dG
n pe
o CnG ` 2
.pn p r sdG
p hn k r Tn Ol njRp s Yn CG
pa nn Tn hn ,Gk pbr nehn k spn N
n k nMnr dhn vpfn r ne krU
n hn kMnr peph krjRn hn k rL
p n n eo k n
p Yn p r
p `rdG
o n nW r bn nnc M
k n r ep n ap
n n nZ s oK ,knS
n ep n n n
n a ,p Yp ho r en Rp
n rfEG
p n `rdG
o nfnen
n n r p `rdG
n n N
r CG m
r U
n pa n r dG
s n n U
n rCG n r Hhn .pjr s dpH
n nSn hn p n
n ep
p hn .n p
m pH neo m n r pe p rTn pa n go GnPEa m rap pH Ol jn Rp o L
n n N
r CG o r dG
s
n sn
n J
n M
n r o `rdG n r dG
s
.u pfn r n `rdG p n r p rd
289
q LdG IqcG
(2 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
:mQn
r n pH oCGn r nJ
o n p r s dG ` CG
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
p H oCGn rnJ on p r sdG `
:preCG pnp
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
.pnt s dG
n pe AGnp `rdG nYn p nna
n o rd pen Rp sdG pYp Gnn `rdG t gn CG p jn en pa ` 3
p pa n
p nr J m nren pnZn U
n r Hn hCr G n tco n op r n SCr G

n pdPn hn ,n pn Hr
n pFn
n f w oCG ppa por J x p L
p
.z....p oor rdG orU
n ns n nJh...{
n
oofGn rYo
x Op r Sn n
x f nr V
290
q LdG IqcG
(2 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
Gk unL n
o r nWhn pnjp rZnCG op rnJ
Ik n T
n n eo p r sdG n r Hn p jn p rZCnG
o h
o n nJ
p nr J
p p cr CG
n r bn p n sdG
n ep n p Hn en
o
pjpr s dG p nSG
p pn H pjn p rZnCG or M
p
pnt sdG Qp Op
p hn pnjp rZnCG o np rnJ
n nehn pGn n n`rdG p Yn Gk p nH n orM
prjnCGhn pfGhn nCG pan nnfhn n pan nnf nYn o nnano `rdG
.ps ep r n `rdG pL
n
n `rdG Qn r bn pjn p rZnCG Op Gn Yr EG nYn Qo
n p br G
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
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...............................................................................
...............................................................................
n r n n Sa
r ,oIQn dG
t
r n n N
r G kICn
r an hn .n n rdG Ip n co ap kIGQn n eo nho gp on J p pr n `rdG ap r o r co ` 4
p pa mu n opH
.pIQn dG
r CG pnfn U
t
n L
n Qr EG
n rdh
n M
n hn ps pfho r rpdEG pIn p L
p nUE
t nJ jv Op r Sn n
s f
r o cr Go
r G pndh
n
n eo pa
n n Yn Sn v p L
n hn in L
n en pap o
.p nn rdG
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
291
q LdG IqcG
(2 in G)
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
p Ap Gn rLEH nrs nnJhn ,msnne p nrfEG nYn ,p r p `rdG p ho r ne Qp nWEG pa ,ror n sJG ` 5
p jpoe nne Qm Gn M
pGn rHCG pnMCG pa Qo Gn
p rdG nQn r oj rCG nYn n n p rnJ o Sn Qn r n `rdG prnJ pdG pnrMu dG nr nM ropSn Qn r ne
.ps
n n `rdG
p nJ k nren o r u V
r op r pb p ho r n pH ppa
n hn n pFnb`rn dG ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr CoG
o u n Jo jv p r
p k nren hn
p n pH
.p
n en r n o `rdG pnM
r u dG p Un
o sn n jn jv Qp Gn M
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
292
t s dG oIn qce
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
n pYp sdG o nMnCG n sn nJ kInCran hn .pu To nCG nYn op sdG nnan ,p n n rdG pIn co pa k nnHnoe nbn naQp ncr Qn Tn ` 1
p oCGhn nn n
p
r Yn lIQn Op U
n l js p ren r co pM
n CG pIRn r
n pH
r nfnc rCG u
n `rdG p r M
o
r pehn .
n U
n a
s dG
u pIQn GRn hn
.p
n o `rdG pn SEr G pa n rpe roJr n nSa
r
p nr J k nrne oru V
kp nr oe pn SEr G psp n Yn nr nM vp L
n hn nbn hn ne ppa phr nJ vjOp r Sn n
v f rocr oCG
.pJBG p s
n o `rdpH
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
` oen s dG ` onn `rdG

p
`
o s
r dG
s
pp sdpH onr pSG
r
p oansdG Oo Gn pTG
r hn
..............................................................
..............................................................
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..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
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pOp
n `rdG
o obho
pndM
n
o U
r hn
p
n o `rdG
pnau dG pndM
n
o U
r hn
p nrnG
o p n
r J
p l s dG
p un n o `rdG u p L
pn SEr H
..............................................................
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..............................................................
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o
n nf :o
n ps dG
o on
n a hCr G pn SEr G
n pdPn
r Yn
n sJn nJ en hn
293
t s dG oIn qce
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
o r
n nf V
o u n jo On nchn Qp ho o `rdG pGQn TEn G o p n
r jn n kr Wp
n jr CGn an p jp sdG pa m jr
n GnP GQv en
n r co ` 2
.p pF
o o nd
n er s bn hn
n rN
s n n an ,pnn r`p d
n s dG
n pe k nr L
p r up d n n er s bn psdG
n pF
n s dG ppa
o Qp r oJ v p L
n hn n n pbGrn dG ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr Go
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
m
n pFGQn ndEG n n n rfna ,r opHQp nbCG o M
n CG r or nYn
n n br CG .nhDo as n n nJhn nho en n n nJ r o r co hn ,GOk Qp Hn r
o sdG nnc ` 3
p GOn Gk pcn kfofnc oCr jn p qdG p r
.pan r o`rdG
n N
n `rdG
n pe mnp n r eo mn jpcn
p nJ k nren o r u V
n pe pp n r o `rdG Rp n`rdG p Wp
n n pH
o sn n jn jv p r
n hn n bn hn en ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr Go
.pofn`rdG
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...................................................................................
294
t s dG oIn qce
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
ZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
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n n br GE
n h
n M
n hn o r
n nf
n ndn nJ en nYn r So
r p nd ,
n n n rfna
o N
u n jo nCGn Hn n n cr CG
n N
n CG snCG
n Ho nCG
n n n cr G ` 4
p CG
.pn u dG
s pIOn n `rdG pp gn
r Yn
u n`rdG pIQn ho p
n H
n N
p r s dG Qs
p nJ k nren o r u V
k nren hn p N
n en ppa
o u n oJ jv p r
n hn n bn hn en ppa phr nJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o cr Go
p CG pIn Yn n o `pd v p L
p nr J
.o r Yn p nbr
E G nYn
n N
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...................................................................................
295
t s dG oIn qce
SOdG In Mr p dG
q HdG fEG
jZCG jq OS q f rfCG
.Yu n n eo n pW
````q HdG
Qp oYo nAnrKnCGhn ,pnjpn `rdG nQp N

n pnLGs Qs s dG nYn mndr npH nnp `rdG Am n ne nGnP ppbnaQp nYn ls nM nn nbr G ` 5
.pIOn r n rdG pa Gho N
s nCn an ,kjp nW k br hn n M
o nUE
r G
n s nnJhn pL
n GQn s dG in M
r EG
r n qn nJ mIn Yr hn m jp nW
p n N
.
x Qp Gn M
n BGhn x p U
r hn m nrn pH pprZnCGhn n n pbG`rn dG ppa phr nJ vjOp r Sn n
v f rocr Go
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296

Arabe 6

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Arabe 6

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q fq dG jq QG

fu - wubO wMu edLK WuH uI lOL

(1 iG) q LdG GqcG

(2 iG) q LdG GqcG

HH Y UG jdGh ShQdG JJ GqcG g jJ CG Y UM bh

e ed GOGSG GhHCGh fGbC e J GQb GhHCG qG e OY L HSG `

o nnchn k paGOn k paU

n r Hn pdG pnbnn rdG Qo s n

p oCGhn n n r n rdG osenCnJnCG `1

n rdG nYn Hu Qn Gk pcTn pr n rdG ndEGp

pGn rMnCG onne

pGn rMnCG onne

pGn rMnCG onne

?(pGn r o rdG pa On Qn hn n cn ) kIs en

(2) kIs ne npKnnK on r oj or sdG

................................. ............... ............... ...............

n pKGn Mr GnC t gn GnC

: m oSr nCG sSp pa p

:Am ho o pH u nL nnb ,pn n

................. .................. .................. ............................

u s dG n r nYn o qdGs dG o n jpn dG

ppH pIOn Qp GdG

```````kH nnr oe vp Tn ```Yk s nd nn

```````gk Ghn s oK n r nYn gk Ghn ,

``````````` sn nnJ Gngn nrbn gn Gn nJ nr d

```````````s nn nJhn ho r nJhn Qo ho nJ n gr hn

````````gn n nH pa rOn Gn an Ap n rdG o n r nd

o o cr nCGhn n sdGs dG n n jpn rdG

psp ooG u nG pnU

p noj n pH n nr ordG op cr oCGh nIQn dG

n p rfG n r Hn p jp sdG nSn hn

`````````````ker nj o nr sdG rndnb :phGq dG

k ```r Sn hn kgr nCG k M

pa p r p rdG p obho nYn pr

p pFs dG nIn rp rdG Qo s n

u sdG Gngn pn pJN

p oCGhn nGn r o rdG oCGn br nCGhn nIQn dG

?Oo npYr m G Gngn Yp Ghn On n pg en .

p oCG hn nGn r o dG hn nIQn dG

s sdG op ncr GnC

o pH Ol hs n eo n r an n o rHn es nCG .pjs p n

?ppcn n rdGhn pQp nn rdG

Gngn nrp an .prnrdG p rSn rYn onpJQr m G On GOn Rr BG n sco

Sp rCGQn nYn Ao n rdG Vn

p oCG soK pJBG n nrn rdG oCGn br nCGhn nIQn dG

p snJ udG pho dG

p r s dG p nrn rdG n Hn n pc o Yp oCG `7

p oj ne oocr nCGhn nGn ro dG oCGn br nCGhn nIQn dG

?GnPn pd ?ppJr s dG Gngn o p rnJ

?pn Yr nCG pp gn uopH oonj l pg nW tn rdG nnc nrjnCG `7

.QG Anr SCG e IqdG ASCG qneCG

Gjeh GOq qKdG dG q UCG

........................... ........................... ...........................

.QG An r SCG e Iq dG ASCG q en CG

Gjeh GOq q KdG dG q UCG

.................... .................... .................... ....................

.QG An r SCG e Iq dG ASCG q en CG

Gjeh GOq q KdG dG q UCG

.QG An r SCG e Iq dG ASCG q en CG

Gjeh GOq q KdG dG q UCG

p jn en Gk u neo p jn en n Hn n pc o Yp oCGh (`dG) pjpr s dG nIGOn CG

.QG Anr SCG e IqdG ASCG qneCG

Gjeh GOq qKdG dG q UCG