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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Siemens AG
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Doerenburg introduced the differentiation between electrical and thermal failure mode and introduced ratios for fault gases with similar solubility. Halstead developed the theoretical thermodynamic theory. The ratios are temperature dependent. With increasing the hotspot the amount of gases increases in the order: methane-ethane-ethylene. The evaluation scheme of the modern Gas-in-Oil Analysis is developed by Rogers, Mueller, Schliesing, Soldner (MSS).
May 2012
Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Different phenomena in oil take place like: dielectric thermal dynamic chemical ! Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA = Dissolved Gas Analysis)
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Change/Ageing
! ! !
of event
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Sampling
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Sampling Container
! Perfectly cleaned & Dried ! Free from dust & moisture ! Airtight ! Glass or Metal cans, syringes
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
! Protect sample from direct light ! Avoid moisture & dust contamination ! Use the sampling containers exclusively for transformer oil sampling
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
1 Handwheel 2 Sealing cap 3 Safety chain 4 Polyamid gasket 5 Nut 6 Drain valve 7 Hose and screw connector 8 Sampling bottle 9 Overflow vessel
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Sampletaker: Date Lab information: Consecutiveno.: Datesamplereceived: Datesampleanalysed: Typeofsamplecontainer: Nameinblock letters Company/Department specialfeatures: Phone
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Page 12
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Page 14
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Page 15
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Gaschromatographic Analysis
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Gaschromatographic Analysis
Sample injection
Detector
Carrier Gas
Detector gas
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
! Partial discharges ! Electrical discharges ! Charcoal coating of contacts ! Accelerated cellulosic degradation ! Local overheating ! Untightness of OLTC tank ! Catalytic reactions of materials ! Additional information from BHR gas
Siemens AG Energy Sector
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Interpretation Schemes
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Duvals Triangle
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Patterns
Electrical Discharges Thermal Problem Partial Discharges
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
MSS Scheme
Ratio ranges [C2H2] [C2H6] 0 1 1 2 2 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Ratio numbers [H2] [C2H4] [C2H4] [CH4] [C2H6] [C3H6] 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 3 Number sequences 0 0 0 1 1 2/3 2 1 2/3 3 0 n.i. 3 0 n.i. 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 2/3 1 1 2 3 1 2
<0.3 0.3 to < 1.0 1.0 to < 3.0 3.0 to < 10.0 ! 10.0 Diagnosis Normal ageing of insultans Discharge of high energy Discharge of low energy Partial discharge with high energy Partial discharge with low energy Local overheating up to 300 C Local overheating from 300 C to 1000 C Local overheating over 1000 C Local overheating and discharge Local overheating and partial discharge
n.i. = not indicative
[CO2] [CO] 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2
Siemens AG Energy Sector
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
IEC Scheme
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
In case of quotient information it must be clear, that quotients are only representative, if following values of the fault gases (in ppm) are exceeded: C2 H 2 H2 " [CXHY] x=1;2;3 CO CO2 !1 ! 15 ! 50 ! 80 ! 200
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
00120
ppm H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C3H8 C3H6 CO CO2 O2 N2
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1967 8008 2013 8323 57 401 4824 253 1903 18222 61662
Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein Siemens AG Energy Sector
MSS-Code
Fault gas Hydrogen Methane Ethane Ethylene Acetylene Propane Propylene Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Oxygen Nitrogen
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00120
ppm H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C3H8 C3H6 CO CO2 O2 N2
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21121
ppm H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C3H8 C3H6 CO CO2 O2 N2
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4973 1758 243 2813 8236 58 1320 1196 2431 6743 44120
Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein Siemens AG Energy Sector
00101
ppm 1060 2481 703 2187 4 450 995
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
?3??0
ppm H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C3H8 C3H6 CO CO2 O2 N2
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22122
ppm H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C3H8 C3H6 CO CO2 O2 N2
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Ratios
Absolute Values
Trend
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Absolute Values
C2H6 20 " 90
No OLTC
Communicating OLTC
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Ratios
a) Eliminates the effect of the oil volume b) Eliminates some effects of sampling c) Especially interesting is the ratio formation for fault gases which exhibit similar solubilities, but their development is temperature dependent e. g. the thermodynamic considerations of Halstead.
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H2 0,36
CH4 0,33
CO 2,9
CO2 27
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Trend Analysis
Development of the Fault Gases After Two Months of On-Line Monitoring
600 100 90 80 70 60
500
400
Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Methane Carbon Monoxide Ethane Ethylene top oil temp C
ppm CO 2
300
50 40
200 30 20 100 10 0 1.7.08 11.7.08 21.7.08 31.7.08 10.8.08 20.8.08 30.8.08 Sa m pling da te 0 9.9.08
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Trend Analysis
40
35 5 30
25
Top
20
C2H
CH
15 2 10 1
35 5 30
40
0
25
0 11.7.08
Top oil Temperature (C) C2H4/C2H6 CH4/H2
1.7.08
21.7.08
31.7.08
10.8.08
20.8.08
30.8.08
9.9.08
Sa m pling da te
20
15 2 10
! Trendanalysis is important not only with absolute values, but also with the ratios.
1 5 0 0 1.7.08 11.7.08 21.7.08 31.7.08 10.8.08 20.8.08 30.8.08 9.9.08 Sa m pling da te
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
On-Line Monitoring
# Early failure recognition # Diagnosis is only possible with the sofisticated types where IEC ratios can be built Cigre TF 15 DGA did a comparison between On-Line monitoring systems and Off-Line analyses. The brochure is on the way. Evaluated are: " Precision " Longterm stability " Repeatability In case of " Routine concentrations, d.h. 5 * Detection Limit " Low Concentrations, d. h. 2-5*Detection Limit
Page 40 May 2012 Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein Siemens AG Energy Sector
# Necessary in case a problem has been identified # Often, however, difficult to maintain # Interfaces can lead to problems # Able to deliver important information in a short time # Does not automatically lead to higher reliability
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
! Temperature ! Current, Voltage ! OLTC ! Oil level ! Gas-in-l Analysis ! Humidity in oil ! Bushings ! Acoustic Signals ! Magnetic Circuit ! Coolers
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More Data does not mean automatically more Information Data Explosion1) (Total Exabytes)
200 150 100 50 0 2002
1) Exa = 1016 = 10 Mil of Billions
2003
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2004
2005
2006
2007
Siemens AG Energy Sector
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
$ Failure rate
Failure at Comissioning
Aging / years %
Siemens AG Energy Sector
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Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Future Developments
# Further development of the On-Line analysis with decision criteria # Gas-in-oil analysis in OLTC # Gas-in-oil analysis in alternative insulation fluids and high temperature insulating materials
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May 2012
Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Siemens AG