SPECIFICATION Document Classification: Controlled Disclosure Title: Distribution Specification Part 13: SAFETY SHOES ELECTRICAL TESTING SPECIFICATION

Unique Identifier: Document Type: Revision: Published date: Total pages: Review date:

34-232 DSP 1 DECEMBER 2009 13 DECEMBER 2014

COMPILED BY

APPROVED BY

FUNCTIONAL RESP

AUTHORISED BY

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M RAPAPA Engineer DATE: .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ H GELDENHUYS Corporate Consultant DATE: .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ V SINGH for TESCOD DATE: .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

MN BAILEY
CMDT for MD (Dx) DATE: .

Content
Page Foreword........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Normative references........................................................................................................................... 3 3 Definitions and abbreviations............................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 3 3.2 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 4 4 Requirements....................................................................................................................................... 4 5 Tests .................................................................................................................................................... 4 5.1 Test specimen ............................................................................................................................ 4 5.2 Test equipment .......................................................................................................................... 4 5.3 Test procedure ........................................................................................................................... 5 5.4 Pass criteria ............................................................................................................................... 5 6 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 5 6.1 Electrical Safety Shoe Replacement.......................................................................................... 5 Annex A - Safety calculations ........................................................................................................................ 6 Annex B - Impact assessment ..................................................................................................................... 10

B Morrison / Dec 2009 / Rev 1

DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: CONTROLLED DISCLOSURE

SAFETY SHOES ELECTRICAL TESTING SPECIFICATION

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34-232 DSP 1 2 of 13

Foreword
This specification is mainly based on the Substation Earthing Standard SCSASABK2

Revision history
This revision cancels and replaces revision no 0 of specification no DSP 34-232 Date Dec 2009 Mar 2009 Mar 2007 Rev. 1 0A 0A Clause 3 6 Remarks Compiled By: M Rapapa Document approved. Clarity made regarding the number of shoes to undergo electrical testing Personal Protective Equipment Specification DSP 34-323 (previously SCSSCABF4) added to the list of Normative References. Yearly replacement of safety shoes/boots for Eskom field workers and private contractors personnel doing Eskom field work stipulated as a requirement to prevent electrical safety hazard due to shoe sole wear or sole damage. Document approved. ASTM F 1116 and ASTM F 1117.included in Normative Reference, in Technical Schedules and in Sections 6.3 and 6.4. Document re-formatted, new reference number issued, changed from DSP0019 to 34-232. SANS 1224 referenced in Technical Schedules & SABS references replaced with SANS Compiled By: M Rapapa First draft. Specification required to address electrical safety around live installations.

Sept 2006 Jun 2006

0 (C)

2 -

Oct 2005 Mar 2005

(B) (A)

2 -

Authorisation
This document has been seen and accepted by: Name Designation MN Bailey Corporate Manager Divisional Technology V Singh Power Plant Technologies Manager H Geldenhuys Corporate Consultant (IARC) This specification shall apply throughout Eskom Holdings Limited, its divisions, subsidiaries and entities wherein Eskom has a controlling interest.

Introduction
Safety shoes have in the past been acquired based on their apparent mechanical characteristics only. Where workers are exposed to touch and step potentials, suitable shoes can contribute to the safeguarding against electrical shock. This specification sets out requirements for safety shoes used in Eskom to provide additional degree of safety for workers exposed to step and touch potentials.

Keywords
Safety shoes

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SAFETY SHOES ELECTRICAL TESTING SPECIFICATION

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Scope

This specification sets electrical safety requirements for shoes or boots to provide protection against step and touch potentials when worn by personnel in substations and around distribution lines.

Normative references

Parties using this specification shall apply the most recent edition of the documents listed below SANS 1224:1994, Footwear Electrical Resistance Properties: SCSASABK2, Distribution Standard Part 2: Section 3: Substation Earthing: DSP 34-323, Personal Protective Equipment Specification DISASAAT8, Provision and use of Personal Protective Equipment. SANS 1114, Industrial Boots (including safety boots) with Stuck-on moulded Soles and Heels. SANS 1167, Industrial shoes (including safety shoes) with stuck-on moulded soles and heels. Pre-moulded or Direct-injection-

pre-moulded or direct-injection-

ASTM F1116, Standard Test Method for Determining Dielectric Strength of Dielectric Footwear. ASTM F1117, Standard Specification for Dielectric Footwear.

Definitions and abbreviations

Definitions

Earth electrode: One or more conductive parts embedded in the ground for the purpose of making effective electrical contact with ground and to act as a path for the discharge of either lightning currents or fault currents. Earthing system: A system intended to provide at all times, by means of one or more earth electrodes, a low impedance path for the immediate discharge of electrical energy, without danger into ground. Earthed: So connected to ground as to ensure at all times an immediate discharge of electrical energy without danger. Earth grid: An earth electrode consisting of a large rectangular arrangement of conductors buried in trenches and divided by longitudinal and transverse conductors into a number of smaller rectangles having mesh dimensions of the order of five meters or greater. Earthing lead: A conductor including any clamp or terminal by which connection of equipments earth terminal or conductor to an earth electrode is made. Electrical safety shoe: Safety shoe or boot designed to protect a person from dangerous step and touch potentials found in electrically live environments (live work). The description excludes safety shoes or boots that are not certified for electrical safety. Grid potential rise (GPR): The maximum voltage that a substation earth grid may attain relative to a distant earthing point assumed to be at ground potential.
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Ground: The general mass of the Earth. (terra firma). Peak value: Maximum of a sinusoid voltage or current value Step potential: The difference in surface potential experienced by a person bridging a distance of 1 m with his feet without contacting any other earthed object. Touch potential: The potential difference between the grid potential rise (GPR) and the surface potential at the point where a person is standing, while at the same time having his/her hands in contact with earthed structure.

Abbreviations
RMS or rms value: Root Mean Square of a sinusoid voltage or current value

Requirements

The safety shoes/boots shall comply with SANS 1114 and SANS 1167. Manufacturer or supplier of Electrical safety shoes to Eskom shall produce electrical test certificates prior to Eskom receiving the products. High voltage tests shall be conducted in accordance with clause 5. The electrical tests required for acceptance of electrical safety shoes are the following: Type tests : The smallest and largest pair offered in the contract (ie both shoes of the largest size and both shoes of the smallest size) are to all be tested and pass the tests in clause 5. Sample tests : Tests on the smallest and largest size shoes on offer shall be conducted in accordance with clause 5 on every 1000th pair of shoes supplied to Eskom.

Tests

The aim is to subject the shoes soles to a voltage of 20kV ac rms to verify that it withstands the voltage.

Test specimen
The specimen chosen to perform the test shall be a pair of new safety shoes/boots manufactured to SANS 1114 and SANS 1167.

Test equipment
A variable sinusoidal AC test source capable of producing up to 20 kV rms is required. Measurement of the voltage is required accurate to 1% accuracy. The inside electrode is established by filling the shoe with 5mm diameter stainless steel balls weighing 4 kg total mass. A wire is to be inserted into the balls as a contact electrode. The outer lead shall be connected to a horizontal metal plane surface on which the shoe is placed free standing, making contact with the outer part of the sole. The metal plane shall protrude at least 100mm beyond the sole of the shoe in all directions.
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Test procedure
The ac voltage shall be raised gradually at 5kV(rms) per minute up to 20kV. The 20kV shall be held for 60 seconds. The test method as outlined in ASTM F 1116 applying 20kV rms is an acceptable alternative for the test method outlined in this document.

Pass criteria
The applied voltage shall not breakdown on both the larger and smaller size pairs, (ie no breakdown on all 4 shoes).

Maintenance

In the light of the fact that safety shoes are an additional measure to provide electrical safety in electrically live environments, which are normally designed to prevent step and touch potential rise hazards, it is therefore not advocated that regular testing of shoes during a pairs life be performed for maintenance in the same way that live-line tools would be maintained.

Electrical Safety Shoe Replacement

Electrical safety shoes must be replaced with new ones on a yearly basis for Eskom field personnel. Private contractors must also ensure that they replace safety shoes for their field workers performing work on Eskom projects. This requirement replaces the need for testing of shoes during service life.

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Annex A - Safety calculations

The substation environment is deemed to be the most likely environment at which electrical shocks of a significantly high voltage and duration can be experienced by service personnel. Experimental data has yielded an equation (Eskom Substation Earthing SCSASABK2) showing the relationship between the upper limit of body current and the duration of current flow through the human body as follows:-

Ik =

0,116 t

where Ik = current flowing through the human body and t = time (duration) of 0,03 sec < t < 3 sec. A 5kV maximum voltage can be experienced between a persons two legs as a step potential and touch potential across the body between a hand holding an earthed metal structure and a persons feet. The average human body resistance of 1 000 Ohms is too low to impede current to a safe level of 1mA at 5kV GPR. It is clear then that, a pair of electrical safety shoes with insulated soles and uppers must be worn in order to increase the insulation level of the feet to avoid galvanic current through the body.

Electrical safety against step potential

The limit of safe step potential is calculated from the following formula:-

I k ( Rk + 2 R f ) =
where

0,116 t

(1000 + 6 Ps )

Rk = Human body resistance = 1000 ohms Ps = Surface layer resistivity in ohm-meter (resistivity for substation ground covered with crushed stone is 3 000 ohm-meters). Rf = Resistance under feet = 3 x Ps t = Time Equating the maximum GPR voltage of 5kV to the left hand side of the above equation gives:-

5000 = I k ( Rk + 2 R f )

for unprotected feet, and

5000 = I k ( Rk + 2 R f + 2 Rsh ) with electrical safety shoes worn (protection on)

where Rsh = Resistance of each electrical safety shoe.
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Annex A
(continue) Solving for Rsh gives:-

Rsh =

5000 Rk 5000 1000 Rf = 3 x3000 = 2490500 2 xI k 2 2 x0,001 2

Therefore, each shoe sole must have a minimum of 2,5 M as measured between foot contact inside shoe and ground contact to limit the step potential current to 1mA.

Safety shoe design looking at step potential resistance value

The above result of the above calculation for step potential needs to be compared with the following result for touch potential and then take the highest result to be applied for safety shoe design.

Electrical safety against touch potential

The limit of safe touch potential is calculated from the following formula:-

I k ( Rk + 0,5 R f ) =
again where

0,116 (1000 + 1,5Ps ) t

Rk = Human body resistance = 1000 ohms Rf = Resistance under feet = 3 x Ps Ps = Surface layer resistivity in ohm-meter (resistivity for substation ground covered with crushed stone is 3 000 ohm-meters). t = Time Equating the maximum GPR voltage of 5kV to the left hand side of the above equation gives:-

5000 = I k ( Rk + 0,5R f )

for unprotected feet, and with safety shoes worn (protection on)

5000 = I k ( Rk + 0,5R f + 0,5Rsh )

where Rsh = Resistance of each safety shoe. Solving for Rsh gives:-

Rsh =

5000 5000 Rk R f = 1000 3x3000 = 9990000 0,5 xI k 0,5 x0,001

Therefore, each shoe sole must have more than 10 M as measured between foot contact and ground contact to limit the touch potential current to less than 1mA.

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Annex A
(continue)

Safety shoe design looking at touch potential resistance value

From the calculations above, it is found that, the safety shoes to be safe for step and touch potential, the resistance of each shoe must be more than 10 M to limit current through the body to less than 1 mA. For a GPR of 20 kV, the resistance of each shoe must be more than 40 M to limit the current through the body to less than 1 mA. Graph 1 below shows the relationship between earth fault current passing through the human body and duration. It is important that installed protection equipment must be designed to clear an earth fault current within the specified duration for a given current limit as per graph to prevent an incidence of ventricular fibrillation A typical safety shoe sole resistance as measured between the inside and the outer side using a mega-ohm tester shows a sole material resistance of 26 793 M which is very high compared to the minimum safety requirement. From the above calculations it is clear that by wearing the safety shoes; the current path through the human body essentially becomes an open circuit for as long as the voltage across the shoe sole is below the flashover point, therefore the shoes are very safe for substation working environment

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T im e - C u r r e n t Z o n e s o f E f f e c t s o f A C c u r r e n t s 1 5 H z t o 1 0 0 H z . [ IE C 4 7 9 -1 ,1 9 9 4 ]
10000

L in e b

Duration [ mSec ]

1000 L in e c 1 - 1 0 0 % S a f e b o u n d ary 100 L in e c 2 - 5 % R is k o f V e n t r ic u la r F ib r ila t io n

10 1 10 100 1000 10000

B o d y cu rre n t

[ mA ]

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ELECTRICAL

TESTING Unique Identifier: Type: Revision: Page:

(Normative)

34-232 DSP 1 10 of 13

Annex B - Impact assessment

Impact assessment form to be completed for all documents.

1 Guidelines
o All comments must be completed. o Motivate why items are N/A (not applicable) o Indicate actions to be taken, persons or organisations responsible for actions and deadline for action. o Change control committees to discuss the impact assessment, and if necessary give feedback to the compiler of any omissions or errors.

2 Critical points
2.1 Importance of this document. E.g. is implementation required due to safety deficiencies,
statutory requirements, technology changes, document revisions, improved service quality, improved service performance, optimised costs. To improve safety of personnel in environments with step and touch potentials.

2.2 If the document to be released impacts on statutory or legal compliance - this need to be very
clearly stated and so highlighted. OHS Act compliance

2.3 Impact on stock holding and depletion of existing stock prior to switch over.
Existing and new suppliers of safety shoes to furnish Eskom with electrical safety reports

2.4 When will new stock be available?

On going

2.5 Has the interchangeability of the product or item been verified - i.e. when it fails is a straight
swop possible with a competitor's product? Supply of stock not confined to one supplier.

2.6 Identify and provide details of other critical (items required for the successful implementation
of this document) points to be considered in the implementation of this document. Same as 2.3 above.

2.7 Provide details of any comments made by the Regions regarding the implementation of this
document. Document accepted and to be published.

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Annex B
(continued)

3 Implementation timeframe
3.1 Time period for implementation of requirements.
On going.

3.2 Deadline for changeover to new item and personnel to be informed of DX wide change-over.
On going.

4 Buyers Guide and Power Office

4.1 Does the Buyers Guide or Buyers List need updating?
No

4.2 What Buyers Guides or items have been created?

None

4.3 List all assembly drawing changes that have been revised in conjunction with this document.
None

4.4 If the implementation of this document requires assessment by CAP, provide details under 5 4.5 Which Power Office packages have been created, modified or removed?
None

5 CAP / LAP Pre-Qualification Process related impacts

5.1 Is an ad-hoc re-evaluation of all currently accepted suppliers required as a result of
implementation of this document? Same as 2.3 above.

5.2 If NO, provide motivation for issuing this specification before Acceptance Cycle Expiry date.
Changes pertained primarily to frequency of safety shoe replacement.

5.3 Are ALL suppliers (currently accepted per LAP), aware of the nature of changes contained in
this document? Yes.

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Annex B
(continued)

5.4 Is implementation of the provisions of this document required during the current supplier
qualification period? Yes

5.5 If Yes to 5.4, what date has been set for all currently accepted suppliers to comply fully?
On receipt of goods

5.6 If Yes to 5.4, have all currently accepted suppliers been sent a prior formal notification
informing them of Eskoms expectations, including the implementation date deadline? N/A

5.7 Can the changes made, potentially impact upon the purchase price of the material/equipment?
No

5.8 Material group(s) affected by specification: (Refer to Pre-Qualification invitation schedule for
list of material groups) N/A

6 Training or communication
6.1 Is training required?
No Comment: (If NO then 6.2 6.6 will be N/A)

6.2 State the level of training required to implement this document. (E.g. awareness training,
practical / on job, module, etc.) N/A

6.3 State designations of personnel that will require training.

N/A

6.4 Is the training material available? Identify person responsible for the development of training
material. N/A

6.5 If applicable, provide details of training that will take place. (E.G. sponsor, costs, trainer,
schedule of training, course material availability, training in erection / use of new equipment, maintenance training, etc). N/A
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Annex B
(continued)

6.6 Was Technical Training Section consulted w.r.t module development process?
N/A

6.7 State communications channels to be used to inform target audience.

Regional Technology & Quality offices.

7 Special tools, equipment, software

7.1 What special tools, equipment, software, etc will need to be purchased by the Region to
effectively implement? N/A

7.2 Are there stock numbers available for the new equipment?
Yes

7.3 What will be the costs of these special tools, equipment, software?
N/A

8 Finances
8.1 What total costs would the Regions be required to incur in implementing this document?
Identify all cost activities associated with implementation, e.g. labour, training, tooling, stock, obsolescence Comment: None, unless existing stock fails prescribed electrical tests. Impact assessment completed by: Name: Monyane Rapapa Designation: Engineer IARC Primary Power Plant.

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