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NONLINEAR COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS

Fall 2011 Instructor: Prof. Jacob Fish, 212-854-5275, email: fishj@columbia.edu Office Hours: TA

Course comments
1. The material in this course is based on the book entitled Nonlinear Finite Element Method by J. Fish. The book is currently in preparation. pdf file of the book can be found in the directory below 2. Introductory courses in Continuum Mechanics and Finite Element Method are required. 3. Grading: 20% for class assignments and 80% for the project. 4. The project topic should be relevant to the course material and should include at least some portion of programming. A progress reports and a final report are required. The progress report is due on October 30. The final report should be submitted by December 10. 5. Guidelines for project write-ups will be given later.

Course outline
1. Introduction 2. Solution procedures of nonlinear system of equations 2.1. Solving nonlinear equations with one unknown 2.1.1. Newton method 2.1.2. Convergence of Newton method 2.1.3. Secant method 2.2. Nonlinear solution methods for system of equations 2.2.1. Newton method

2.2.2. Local convergence of Newton method 2.2.3. Globally convergent Newton method 2.2.4. Line search 2.2.5. Continuation methods 2.2.6. Secant method for system of nonlinear equations 2.2.7. The Broydens Method 2.2.8. The BFGS method 2.2.9. Quasi-Newton method 3. Selected topics in continuum mechanics 3.1. Preliminaries: tensor calculus 3.2. Particles, Configurations, Deformation, and Motion 3.3. The Material Derivative 3.4. Deformation Gradients Tensor 3.5. Polar Decomposition 3.6. Velocity Gradient, Rate of Deformation, Vorticity 3.7. Deformation of surface and volume elements 3.8. Lagrangian strain measures 3.9. Stress measures 4. Stress update procedures 4.1. Additive decomposition based rate of deformation theories 4.1.1. Rotational stress update

4.1.2. Material Stress update 4.1.3. Material stress update for rate independent hypoelastic-plasticity 4.1.4. Material stress update for rate independent hypoelastic-plasticity 4.1.5. Extension to hyperelastic-plasticity 4.2. Multiplicative decomposition based theories 4.2.1. Hyperelastic materials with damage 4.2.2. Hyperelstic-plastic materials 5. Consistent Linearization 5.1. Linearization of internal force 5.1.1. Linearization for additive decomposition of rate of deformation 5.1.2. Linearization of incremental rotation from polar decomposition 5.1.3. Linearization of internal force for hyperelastic materials 5.2. Linearization of external force vector 5.2.1. Linearization of a traction term 5.3. Implementation issues 5.3.1. Matrix and vector notation 6. Special topic 6.1. Linearized buckling analysis 6.2. Nonlinear dynamics 6.2.1. Linear Momentum Principle, Equations of Motion 6.2.2. Implicit Time Integration Scheme

6.2.3. Explicit integration schemes 6.2.4. Contact

References i) Books
J. Fish,Nonlinear Finite Element Method in preparation, pdf file of the book will be provided J.C.Simo and T.J.R. Hughes, Computational Inelasticity. H.Kardestuncer, "Finite element Handbook." Mcgraw-Hill, 1987. K.J.Bathe,"Finite element procedures in Engineering analysis," Prentice-Hall, 1982. L.E.Malvern,"Introduction to the mechanics of a continuum medium,"Prentice-Hall, 1969. J.T. Oden, "Finite Elements of nonlinear Continua," McGraw-Hill, 1972. Owen, D.R.J. 7 Hinton, E., "Finite Elements in Plasticity-Theory and Practice," Pineridge Press, Swansea, 1980. M.A. Crisfield, "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures," John Wiley & Sons, 1991. J. Lubliner, "Plasticity Theory," Macmillan Publishing, NY, 1990. Belytschko, T., Liu, W. K. and Moran, B., Nonlinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000. ABAQUS Theory Manual, HKS, Inc., 1994. J. E. Dennis, Jr. and R.B. Schnabel, Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1983. J. Nocedal and S.J. Wright, Numerical Optimization, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1999.

ii) Journals
Park, K.C.,"Partitioned Transient Analysis Procedures for Coupled-Field Problems: Stability Analysis," J. Appl. Mech., Vol.47, p.370, 1980. Argyris,J.H.,and Kleiber,M.,"Incremental Formulation in Nonlinear Mechanics and Large Strain Elasto-Plasticity - Natural Approach. part 1," Comp. Methods in Appl. Mech. and Eng.,vol. 11, p.215, J. 1976. Dafalias, Yannis F.," The Plastic Spin Concept and a Simple Illustration of its Role in Finite Plastic Transformations," Mechanics of Materials, vol. 3, p. 223-233, July 1984.

Hecker,S. S.,Stout,M.G.,and Eash,D.T.,"Experiments on Plastic Deformation at Finite Strains, "from: Plasticity of Metals at high strains, eds. Lee,Mallet, pp.162-169. Kleiber,M.," Kinematics of Deformation Processes in Materials Subjected to Finite Elastic-Plastic strains," Int. J. Engng. Sci.,vol. 13,p513,1975. Dienes, J.K.,"On the Analysis of Rotation and Stress Rate in DeformingBodies," Acta Mechanica, Vol. 32, p. 217, 1979. Simo, J.C.,Pister,K.S.," Remarks on Rate Constitutive Equations for Finite Deformation Problems: Computational Implications," Computer Methods in Applied Mechnics and Engineering, vol. 46, pp.201-215, 1984. Prevost, J.H., Hughes,T.J.R.," Finite-Element Solution of Elastic-Plastic Boundary-Value Problems," J. of Appl. Mech., vol. 48,pp. 69-74, March 1981. Reed, K.W., and Atluri,S.N.," Analysis of Large Quasistatic Deformations of Inelastic Algorithm: Apllications," Comp. Methods in Appl. Mech. and Eng., vol. 40, pp. 171198, 1983. Aifantis, Elias C., " The Physics of Plastic Deformation," Int. J. of Plasticity, vol. 3, pp. 211-247, 1987. Key, Samuel W.," A Finite Procedure for the Large Deformation Dynamics Response of Axisymmetric Solids," Comp. Methods in Appl, Mech. and Eng.,vol, 4, pp. 195-218, 1974. McMeeking,R.M., and Rice,J.R.," Finite-Element Formulations for Problems of Large Elastic-Plastic Deformation," International J. Solids Structures, vol. 11, pp.601-616, 1975. Needleman,A.," Finite Element for Finite Strain Plasticity Problems," from: Plasticity of Metals at high strains, eds. Lee,Mallet, pp.387-434. Tseng, N.T., and Lee,G.C.," Inelastic Finite Strain Analysis of Structures Subjected to Nonproportional Loading," Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 21,pp. 941-957, 1985. Simo, J.C., and Taylor, R.L.," Consistent Tangent Operators for Rate-Inde-pendent Elastoplasticity," Comp. Methods in Appl. Mech. and Eng.,vol 48, pp. 101-118, 1985. Crisfield, M.A.," A Fast Incremental/Iterative Solution Procedure that Handles SNAPTHROUGH," Computers and Structures, vol. 13,pp.55-62, 1981. Crisfield, M.A.," Snap-Through and Snap-Back Response in Concrete Structures and the Dangers of Under-Intergration," International J. for Numerical methods in Engineering, vol. 22, pp. 751-767, 1986. Bathe, Klaus-Jurgen, and Dvorkin, Eduardo N.," On the Automatic Solution of Nonlinear Finite Element Equations," Computers and Structures, vol. 17,No. 5-6,pp. 871-879, 1983. Riks, E.," An Incremental Approach to the Solution of Snapping and Buckling Problems," Int. J. Solids Structures,vol. 15,pp. 529-551, 1979. Crisfield, M.A.," An Arc-Length Method Including line Searches and Accelerations," Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Eng.,vol.19,p.1269, 1983.

Crisfield, M.A.," Accelerated Solution Techniques and Concrete Cracking," Methods in Appl. Mech. and Eng., vol. 33,pp. 585-607, 1982.

Comp.

Crisfield, M.A.," Local Instabilities in the Non-linear Analysis of Rainforced Concrete Beams and Slabs," Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs., part 2, vol. 73,pp. 135-145, 1982. Borst, R. de," Computational of Post-Bifurcation and Post-Failure Behavior of StrainSoftening Solids," Comp. and Strucs.,vol.25,No.2, pp.211-224,1987. Simo, J.C.,Wriggers,P.,Schweizerhof,K.H.,and Taylor,R.L.," Finite Deformation Postbuckling and Contact Constraints,"from: Innovated Methods for Nonlinear Problems, eds. Liu,W.K., Belytschko,T., and Park,K.C., Pineridge press, U.K. Yokoo, Yoshitsura.,Nakamura, Tsuneyoshi and Uetani,Koji," The Incremental Perturbation Method for Large Displacement Analysis of Elastic-Plastic Structures," Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Eng.,vol.10,pp.503-525,1976. Tracey,Dennis M., and Freese, Colin E.," Adaptive Load Incrementation in ElasticPlastic Finite Element Analysis," Computers and Structures, vol.13, pp. 45-53, 1981. Bathe, Klaus Jurgen, and Cimento, Arthur P.," Some Practical Procedures for the Solution of Nonlinear Finite Element Equations," Computer Methods in Appl. Mech. and Eng., vol.22, pp. 59-85, 1980. Powell, G. and Simons, J.," Improved Iteration Strategy for Nonlinear Structures," Int. J. for Num. Methods in Eng.,vol.17, pp. 1455-1467, 1981. Bergan,P.G., Holand,I., and Soreide,T.H.," Use of the Current Stiffness Parameter in Solution of Nonlinear Problems," Energy methods in finite element analysis, John Wiley & Son publication, chap.1,New York. Nayak,G.C., and Zienkiewicz,O.C.," Note on the ALPHA-Constant Stiffness Method for the Analysis of Non-Linear Problems, International J. for Num. Methods in Eng.,vol. 4, pp. 579-582, 1972. Zeid, Ibrahim," Fixed-Point Iteration to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. Part I: Mathematical Theory and Background," International J. for Num.Methods in Eng., vol.21, pp. 2027-2048, 1985. Zeid, Ibrahim," Fixed-Point Iteration to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. Part II: Formulation and Implementation," International J. for Numerical Methods in Eng,. vol. 21, pp. 2049-2069, 1985. Benallal,A., Billardon,R., Doghri,I.," An Itergration Algorithm and the Corresponding Consistent Tangent Operator for Fully Elastoplastic and Damage equations," Submitted to: Communication in Applied Numerical Methods. Nagtegaal,J.C., Jong,J.E. de," Some Aspects of Non-Isotropic Workhardening in Finite Strain Plasticity," from: Plasticity of Metal at high rated, eds. Lee, Mallet, pp.65101. Halleux,J.P., Donea,J.," A Discussion of Cauchy Stress Formulations for Large Strain Analysis,"from: Finite Element Methods for Nonlinear Problems., eds. Bergan,P.G., Bathe,K.J., and Wundelich,W., pp.61-74, 1986.

Hughes,T.J.R.," Numerical Implementation of Constitutive Models: Rate-Independent Deviatoric Plasticity," from: Theoretical Foundation for Large Scale Computations for Nonlinear Material Behavior., Nemat-Nasser,S., Asaro,R.J.,and Negemier,G.A.,pp. 29-57. Nemat-Nasser,S.," Theoretical Foundations of Plasticity," from: Theoretical dation for Large-Scale Computations for Nonlinear Material Behavior. Foun-

Johnson,G.C., and Bammann,D.J.,"A Discussion of Stress Rates in Finite Deformation Problems," Int. J. Solids Structures, vol.20,No.8,p.725, 1984. Lee,E.H.," Finite Deformation Effects in plasticity Analysis," from: Numerical Analysis of Forming Processes., Pittman,J.F.T., Zienkiewicz,O.C., Wood,R.D., and Alexander,J.M., John Wiley & Son Ltd., 1984. Lee,E.H., "Finite Deformation Theory With Nonlinear Kinematics," from:Plasticity of Metals at high strains, eds. Lee,Mallet, pp.107-121. Simo,J.C., and Taylor,R.L.," Consistent Tangent Operators for Rate-Independent Elastoplasticity," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Eng.,vol.48, pp.101118, 1985. Kleiber,M., Konig,J.A., and Sawczuk,A.," Studies on Plastic Structures: Stability, Anisotropic Hardening, Cyclic Loads," Comp. Methods in Appl.Mechanics and Engineering, vol.33, pp.487-556, 1982. Nagtegaal,J.C.," On the Implementation of Inelastic Constitutive Equations with Special Reference to Large Deformation Problems," Comp. Methods in Appl. Mechanics and Engineering, vol.33, pp. 469-484, 1982. Hughes,T.J.R., and Winget,J.," Finite Rotation Effects in Numerical Integration of Rate Constitutive Equations Arising in Large-Deformation Analysis," Short Communications, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1980. Pinsky,P.M., Ortiz,M., and Pister,K.S.," Numerical Integration of Rate Constitutive Equations in Finite Deformation Analysis," Comp. Methods in Appl. Mechanics and Engineering, vol.40, pp. 137-158, 1983. Simo,J.C., and Ortiz,M.," A Unified Approach to Finite Deformation Elastoplastic Analysis Based on the Use of Hyperelastic Constitutive Equations," Comp. Methods in Applied Mech. and Eng., vol.49, pp. 221-245, 1985. Simo,J.C., and Pister,K.S.," Remarks on Rate Constitutive Equations for Finite Problems: Computational Implications," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.46, pp.201-215, 1984. E.Stein, D.Bischoff, N.Muller-Hoeppe, W.Wagner and P.Wriggers, "Five lectures on nonlinear finite element method," CISM Courses and Lectures, No. 301, International Center for Mechnical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, 1988. J. Fish and K. L. Shek, "Finite Deformation Plasticity Based on the Additive Split of the Rate of Deformation and Hyperelasticity," Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng., Vol. 190, pp. 75-93, (2000).

J. Fish and K. L. Shek, "Finite Deformation Plasticity of Composite Structures: Computational Models and Adaptive Strategies," Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng., Vol. 172, pp. 145-174, (1999). J. Fish and K.L. Shek, "Computational Aspects of Incrementally Objective Algorithms for Large Deformation Plasticity," International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 44, pp. 839-851, (1999).

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