Experiment No 2

Title: To plot various frequencies of DTMF using matlab.

Estimated time to complete this experiment: 2 hours

Objective: To understand the call processing technique involved in DTMF.

Books/ Journals/ Websites referred:www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com

Pre Lab/ Prior Concepts: Signaling and switching techniques.

New Concepts to be learned: DTMF

Requirements: Computer installed with matlab software. Theory: Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) is used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center. The version of DTMF that is used in push-button telephones for tone dialing is known as Touch-Tone. It was developed by Western Electric and first used by the Bell System in commerce, using that name as a registered trademark. DTMF is standardized by ITU-T Recommendation Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4.

Date of performance: 29/01/2013

Experiment No 2
The DTMF keypad is laid out in a 44 matrix, with each row representing a low frequency, and each column representing a high frequency. Pressing a single key (such as '1' ) will send a sinusoidal tone for each of the two frequencies (697 and 1209 hertz (Hz)). The original keypads had levers inside, so each button activated two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for calling the system multifrequency. These tones are then decoded by the switching center to determine which key was pressed.The Frequencies expressed with the above keys are given in the table below:
697 Hz 770 Hz 852 Hz 941 Hz 1209 Hz 1 4 7 * 1336 Hz 2 5 8 0 1477 Hz 3 6 9 #

Table1.1 DTMF keypad frequencies

Program code: symbols={'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0','*','#'}; lfg=[697 770 852 941]; hfg=[1029 1336 1477]; f=[]; for r=1:4 for c=1:3 f=[ f [lfg(r);hfg(c)] ]; end end f' fs=8000; n=800; t=(0:n-1)/fs; pit=2*pi*t; fortonechoice=1:12; tones(:,tonechoice) = sum(sin(f(:,tonechoice)*pit)); subplot(4,3,tonechoice),plot(t*1e3,tones(:,tonechoice)); end

Ans = 697 697 697 770 770 770 852 852 852 941 941 941 1029 1336 1477 1029 1336 1477 1029 1336 1477 1029 1336 1477 Date of performance: 29/01/2013

Experiment No 2

Conclusion: Introduced by AT&T in the Touch-Tone system using the telephone keypad gradually replaced the use of rotary dial and has become the industry standard for landline service due to use of DTMF. Real Life Application: DTMF is widely used in push button telephone systems.

Date of performance: 29/01/2013