Guideline for final exam of MIS-308 1. --When receiveing & giving instructions which guidelines you will follow?

2. ==What is drafting? What are the tips for successful drafting discuss. 3. --What is the writers block .what are the strategy to overcome writers block? what are the causes of writers block. 4. --What is Revising ? how can u effectively revise?. 5. ==What is Proofreading ? discuss the major steps of Proofreading.

1) *Giving and receiving instructions: There are two types of instructions 1. Direct instructions are to the point and indicate who, what, when, where and how a task will be completed. 2. Conditional insitructions explain the objectives, provide background information and describe the intended outcome.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

When receiving and following instructions follow these simple guides: Listen carefully. Focus on the person giving the instructions. Avoid thinking about something else or daydreaming. Avoid jumping to conclusions. Ask questions about the standards to be reached. Paraphrase to check your understanding. Double any safety issues. Ask for help if you feel you do not understand or are unable to follow the instructions. When giving instructions follow these simple guides: Determine what needs to be accomplished- the intended outcome. Give reasons for doing the job. Use concrete action words rather than abstract words. Have the other person paraphrase the instruction back to you. Demonstrate the skills in the task if your instructions involve machinery or equipment. Encourage questions. Ensure your timing is appropriate. Follow up as the person does the task on the job. Offer timely and specific feedback.

2) * DRAFTING: After planning, you are ready to begin drafting that is, composing a preliminary version of a message. * Following there the Tips for successful drafting: Do not combine drafting and revising. They involve two separate skills and two separate mindsets. Do not begin writing too early. Avoid the rush. Probably the most important thing to remember about drafting is to just let go let your ideas flow as quickly as possible onto paper or computer screen, without worrying about style, correctness, or format. Most find it easier to first get their ideas down on paper in rough-draft form, then revise.

3) *Writer's block is a condition, primarily associated with writing as a profession, in which an author loses the ability to produce new work. The condition varies widely in intensity. It can be trivial, a temporary difficulty in dealing with the task at hand. At the other extreme, some "blocked" writers have been unable to work for years on end, and some have even abandoned their careers. It is the inability to focus on the writing process and to draft a message. The causes of writers block typically include: Procrastination (Putting of what we dislike doing). Impatience Perfectionism (believing that the draft must be perfect the first time.

*Strategies to Overcome Writers Block: Choose the right environment Schedule a reasonable block of time State your purpose in writing Engage in free writing Avoid the perfectionism syndrome Think out loud Write the easiest parts first.

* Causes of writer's block

Writer's block may have many or several causes. Some are essentially creative problems that originate within an author's work itself. A writer may run out of inspiration. The writer may be greatly distracted and feel he or she may have something that needs to be done beforehand. There are 3 causes of writing block1. Procrastination 2. Impatience 3. Perfection 4) Revision is the stage in the writing process where the author reviews, alters, and amends her or his message, according to what has been written in the draft. Revision follows drafting and precedes editing. Revising is the process of modifying a document to increase the effectiveness. Revising involves several steps. Most writers revise first for content, then for style, and finally for correctness. All types of revision are most efficiently done from a typed copy of the draft rather than from a handwritten copy. * I can effectively revise on 5 steps: Revising for Content: After an appropriate time interval, first reread your purpose statement and then the entire draft to get an overview of your message. Ask yourself such questions as these: Is the content appropriate for the purpose I have identified? Will the purpose of the message be clear to the reader? Revising for Content (continues): Have I been sensitive to the needs of the reader? Is all the information necessary? Is any needed information missing? Is the order of presentation of the points effective? Revising for Style Read each paragraph loud, if possible. Try reading your message aloud to friends or colleagues, and have them read your revised draft. Ask them what is clear or unclear. Can they identify the purpose of your message? What kind of image do they get? Securing feedback will help you identify areas of message that needs revision.

Revising for Style (Continues Make sure the readability of your message is appropriate for the intended audience. Calculating the readability of your draft is often a useful first step in the revision process. Revising for Correctness The final phase of revising is drafting, the process of ensuring that writing conforms to standard English. Editing involves checking for correctness, that is, identifying problems with grammar, spelling, and word usage etc. 5) Proofreading Proofreading is the final quality-control Check for your document. Dont depend on others assistance in correcting any mistake; become the proofreader yourself. Take responsibility for ensuring the accuracy of your communications; just as you take responsibility for your other managerial tasks. Following the major steps of Proofreading is Proofread for Content= First, read through your document quickly, checking for content errors. Was any material omitted or duplicated unintentionally? Check to be sure that your document makes sense. Proofread for Typographical Error= Next, read through your document slowly, checking for typographical errors. Watch especially for errors that form a new word; for example, I took the figures form last months reports. Such errors are difficult to spot. Also be on the lookout for repeated or omitted words. Doublecheck all proper names and all figures. Professional proofreaders find that writers often overlook errors in the titles and headings of reports, in the opening and closing parts of letters/memos, and in the last paragraph of all types of documents. Proofread for Format Errors= Visually inspect the document for appropriate format. Are all the parts included and in the correct position? What will be the receivers first impression before reading the document? Does the document look attractive on the page? Do not consider the proofreading stage complete until you are able to read through the entire document without making any changes. There is always the possibility that in correcting one error you inadvertently introduced another.