MAGNETISM A. Magnetism of an object Magnet derived from the word of magnesia.

Magnet is a material (metal) which have ability to attract certain other material (metal) like iron and steel. B. Magnets properties 1. Magnetic pole types Magnet always have 2 magnetic poles : north pole and south pole. The strongest power of the magnet is in the magnetic poles 2. Earth magnetism Earth as a giant magnet where its magnetic north pole lies in the earth magnetic south pole and the opposite. Declination is an angle formed by the north-south directed by the compass needle direction with the real earth poles north-south direction Inclination is an angle formed by the horizontal earth sorface direction with the compass needle direction 3. Attraction and repultion force Between 2 magnetic poles can happened attraction or repulsion force. Attraction force happened when 2 poles with the same type brought close Repulsion force happened when 2 poles with different type brought close 4. Force between magnetic poles The amount of attraction or repulsion force can be calculated by : F= Where : F = attraction or repultion force, Newton (N) Q1,Q2 = magnetic pole power, Ampere-meter (A.m) k = constant 10-7 Weber/A.m r = distance between 2 magnetic poles, meter (m) 5. Magnet produces magnetic fields around it Magnetic field is magnetic force lines having direction from north pole to the south pole of the magnet 6. Magnet can attracting certain materials Ferromagnetic materials are materials which can attracted strongly by magnets examples : iron, steel, nickel and cobalt Paramagnetic materials are materials which can attracted weakly by magnets examples : manganese Nonmagnetic materials are materials which cannot be attracted by magnets examples : cooper, alumunium, rubber and plactic 7. Magnetism theory Magnet consisted from small magnets called elementary magnets In magnetic metals can easily formed as magnet because the position of its elementary magnets is regular

In nonmagnetic metals metals cannot easily formed as magnet because the position of its elementary magnets is irregular C. How to make magnets 1. Rubbing A steel or iron can be formed into magnet by rubbing it repeatedly on a magnet bar on one direction. The magnetic poles resulted between 2 poles at the end of the rubbing always opposite 2. Induction Induction is an event of a steel or iron formed into magnet by brought close into a magnet without touching the magnet. The magnetic pole of induction resulted always opposite with the main magnetic pole 3. Using direct electric current (electromagnet) Magnetic pole can be made by using direct electric current and can be determined with right hand rule : if the the thumbs points up and the other four fingers grip, the direction of the four fingers indicate the direction of the electric currect and the thumb indicates the north pole How to lose magnet properties To lose magnet properties can be done by heating or beating it (made the elementary magnet to be irregular) D. Magnetic field and lorentz E. Magnets application in daily life