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PSUs are government-owned corporations or state-owned enterprises created by the Government of India to undertake commercial activities on behalf of government. Several Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) under the aegis of Government of India regularly provide tremendous employment opportunities in various technical and management areas.

PSU companies are divided into three categories: MAHARATNA PSUs:

Maharatna is the status given to top public sector enterprises where the companies have the authority to make foreign investments of upto Rs 5,000 crores without taking any government approval. To be qualified as Maharatna, the company should gain an annual net profit of over Rs. 5,000 crores, net worth of Rs. 15,000 crores and turnover of Rs. 25,000 crores over past three consecutive years. List of Maharatna: Coal India Limited Indian Oil Corporation Limited NTPC Limited Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited Steel Authority of India limited

NAVRATNA PSUs:
To be qualified as a Navratna, the company must obtain a score of 60 out of 100. The score is based on six parameters which include net profit to net worth, total manpower cost to total cost of production or cost of services, PBDIT (Profit before depreciation, interest and taxes) to
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capital employed, PBDIT to turnover, EPS (Earning per Share) and inter-sectoral performance. The Navratna status gives privileges to enhance financial and operational autonomy and empowers to invest up to Rs. 1000 crores or 15% of their net worth on a single project without seeking government approval. The number of PSEs having Navratna status has been raised to 16,the most recent addition being Oil India Limited. List of Navratna: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Bharat Electronics Limited Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited National Aluminium Company Limited National Mineral Development Corporation Limited Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited Oil India Limited Power Finance Corporation Limited Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

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Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited Rural Electrification Corporation Limited Shipping Corporation of India Limited GAIL (India) Limited

MINIRATNA PSUs:
In addition, the government created another category called Miniratna. Miniratnas can also enter into joint ventures, set subsidiary companies and overseas offices but with certain conditions. In 2002, there were 61 government enterprises that were awarded Miniratna status. However, at present, there are 68 government enterprises that were awarded Miniratna status. Category I This designation applies to PSEs that have made profits continuously for the last three years or earned a net profit of Rs. 30 crore or more in one of the three years. These miniratnas granted certain autonomy like incurring capital expenditure without government approval up to Rs. 500 crore or equal to their net worth, whichever is lower. Category II The Category II kind of PSEs has made profits for the last three years continuously and should have a positive net worth. Unlike Category I PSEs, these PSEs can invest up to Rs.250.cr or up to 50% of their net worth whichever is lower. There are 15 such PSEs as on April 2011.

For More Information On PSUs and their Recruitment exams kindly visit: Engistan.com

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