Organizational Behavior

Pedro Neves

Consultancy report: Data analysis

Consultancy report: Data analysis

Topics
1. Dataset; 2. Reverse-coded items; 3. Reliability; 4. Create composite variables; 5. Descriptive statistics; 6. ANOVA; 7. Correlations.

1. Dataset
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Insert the data in the dataset provided; Always DOUBLE CHECK data entry - IT WILL BE EVALUATED IN THE FINAL REPORT After you complete the data entry, save the file with your group name (e.g., Group.T42.G1) check the pdf file with group names in the course application page Provide that dataset WITH the paper surveys - All the analysis and recoding you do - save under a different name Make sure you triple check employee-supervisor codes - If they dont match, results will be wrong!!!

1. Dataset
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CODES FOR VARIABLES IN THE DATASET:

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ACO affective commitment to the organization CCO continuance commitment to the organization CWS perceived coworker support HUM humor in the workplace (team) OST - ostracism SA abusive supervision TO turnover intentions TS trust in the supervisor CSE core self-evaluation POS perceived organizational support IRB in-role behavior OCB organizational citizenship behaviors CPBO counter-productive behaviors directed to the organization CPBI counter-productive behaviors directed to individuals IMP - improvisation RT risk taking behaviors

2. Reverse coded items

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In some cases the items are written in the opposite direction to most items; List of reversed-coded items: - ACO3; ACO4; ACO5 - POS2; POS3; POS5; POS7 - CWS6 - TO2; TO4 - OST11; - CSE2; CSE4; CSE6; CSE8; CSE10; CSE12 - IRB3

2. Reverse coded items

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WHAT TO DO? Transform - Recode into different variable Put the variable in the box (input variable -> output variable) Create name for output variable (e.g., qe1_1R) - Click change Old and new values - Old value 5 new value 1 add - Make sure to put all values: 5-1, 4-2, 3-3, 2-4, 1-5 - Repeat the procedure for all the variables that were reversed coded that you will need for the analysis In ALL your analysis you should use the reversed items and not the original...

3. Reliability
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RELIABILITY - the consistency of a given instrument (measure) - Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) - assesses the consistency of results across items within a test - Does the measure measure what it is supposed to? - So you need to calculate for each variable that you use Analyze scale reliability analysis - Put in the box all the items for a given variable (e.g., SA) - Do not forget to use the reverse-coded items when they exist - Acceptable values should be above .70 - To see if you should get rid of some items you go to statistics scale if item deleted

4. Create composite variables

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If your reliability has a good result, the next step is to create a composite measure for the variables E.g., Affective commitment to the organization ACO = (ACO1+ACO2+ACO3R+ACO4R+ACO5R+ACO6)/6 Transform compute variable - And you add the equation for the variable in the numeric expression box

5. Descriptive statistics
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For your sample (and/or sub-samples) you should provide descriptive statistics It is important to know the characteristics and distribution of the sample - Frequencies, mean, standard deviation - You can ask for bar charts too - You should ask them not only for the variables you will use in your models BUT ALSO demographic variables like gender, age, tenure, etc. Analyze descriptive statistics - frequencies - Statistics / charts

6. ANOVA
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ANalysis Of VAriance between groups - Allows you to compare multiple groups on one variable - E.g., are there differences between departments in job satisfaction - IMPORTANT: There is no item for departments so you have to create and give them a code (e.g., 1 HR; 2 marketing; 3 production) Analyze compare means One-Way ANOVA - Dependent list - the variable you wish to see if there are differences in - Factor the groups you wish to compare - If you have more than 2 groups ask for post-hoc multiple comparisons and chose Bonferroni it will give you comparisons for all groups

7. Correlations
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Correlation - describes the strength of the relationship between two variables - E.g., is job satisfaction related to in-role performance? Analyze correlate bivariate - Put the variables you want to test in the variables box - See if the relationship is significant (p< .05) - i.e., determine the probability that the observed correlation occurred by chance.

FINAL REMARKS

In the report you are supposed to describe your sample and explicitly state which participants are from each organization/department