TYPES OF GATES

There are three types of basic logic gates which follows Boolean expression. i) ii) OR gate AND gate

iii)

NOT gate

THE OR GATE
The OR gate is a two inputs and one output logic gate. It combines the input A and B with the output Y following the Boolean expression. Y=A+B

The Boolean algebra, the addition symbol (+) is called OR (i.e. OR operation OR operator).

The various possible combinations of the input and output of the OR gate can be easily understand with the help of the electrical circuit. In this electric circuit, a parallel combination of two switches A and B is connected to a battery and a lump L.

The following interference can be easily drawn from the working of electrical circuit is :

a)

If switch A & B are open lamp do not glow (A=0, B=0)

b)

If Switch A open B closed then (A=0, B=1) Lamp glow.

c)

If switch A closed B open then (A=1, B=0) Lamp glow.

d)

If switch A & B are closed then (A=1, B=1) Lamp glow.

As we see truth table we found same as it is observation.

THE AND GATE

The AND Gate is also a two inputs and one output logic gate. It combines the input A and B with the output Y following the Boolean expression. Y = A.B The Boolean algebra, the multiplication symbol (.dot or x Gross) is taken to mean AND. Y = A. B means Y is equal to A AND B. The various possible combination of the input and outputs of the AND gate can be easily found with the help of the electrical circuit. Here a series combination of the switch A and B is connected to a battery and a lump L. The following conclusions can be easily drawn from the working of electrical circuit: a) b) c) d) If both switches A&B are open (A=0, B=0) then lamp will not glow. (y=0) If Switch A closed & B open (A=1, B=0) then Lamp will not glow. (y=0) If switch A open & B closed (A=0, B=1) then Lamp will not glow. (y=0) If switch A & B both closed (A=1, B=1) then Lamp will glow. (y=1)

As we see truth table we found same as it is observed experimentally.

THE NOT GATE

The NOT gate is a one inputs and one output logic gate. It combines the input A with the output following the Boolean expression. Y=A This means Y not equal A. The way, the NOT gate gives the output it is also called inverter. It is represented by the symbol. The Boolean algebra, the negative sign (-) is called NOT. The equation Y= A called Boolean expression. The possible input and output combination of a NOT gate can be easily discussed with the help of electrical circuit. Here, the switch is connected in parallel to the lump of the battery. The following conclusion can be easily drawn from the working of the electrical circuit. a) If switch A is open (i.e. A=0), the lump will glow (i.e. Y=1) b) If Switch A is closed (i.e. A=1), the lump will not glow (Y=0). It follows that in the given electrical circuit, the lump glows (or output is obtained), when the switch A is not closed. For this reason, the electrical circuit is called not gate. The two possible input-output combinations can be written in the form of the table. It is called truth table of NOT gate.