History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 1: Early Efforts at Reconstruction, 1863-1867 Questions: 1.

. How did early reconstruction policies attempt to deal with the problems and opportunities that grew out to the results of the Civil War? I. Introduction: Key themes in the history of Reconstruction II. The South in 1865 A. Physical destruction B. Human casualties C. Economic turmoil D. Emancipation E. Fears and expectations F. Key questions: 1. Political issues: reunion and who would rule the South 2. Social and economic issues: Race relations and labor relations after emancipation what will the new southern society look like? III. Origins of Reconstruction A. Defining the era B. Conflicting northern visions: Radicals vs. Moderates C. Lincoln and wartime Reconstruction 1. Ten Percent Plan 2. Radical response: Wade-Davis Bill 3. Freedmen's Bureau 4. Black voting rights 5. Assassination IV. Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction, 1865-1867 A. Johnson's version of Reconstruction: 1. Mass pardons 2. Moderate conditions for restoration 3. No land redistribution 4. Vetoes "radical" measures B. The southern response 1. Black Codes 2. KKK C. The Radical Republican response 1. Southern Congressmen 2. Civil Rights Act of 1866 3. Fourteenth Amendment 4. 1866 elections

History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 2: Congressional Reconstruction, 1867-1877 I. The Rise of "Radical" Reconstruction A. The Radicals: leadership and ideology 1. Free labor ideology 2. Powerful national gov't and individual rights B. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 1. Military Districts 2. New conditions for readmission C. Johnson's Impeachment & the election of Grant D. The Fifteenth Amendment II. The Reconstruction State Governments in Power A. The old view: Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and Freedpeople B. The reality of Reconstruction Governments Mississippi as an example 1. Leadership 2. Policies 3. Flaws C. Resistance to Reconstruction 1. Colfax Massacre 2. Ku Klux Klan Act III. The Collapse of Reconstruction A. "Redemption," one state at a time B. The Compromise of 1877 C. Why did Reconstruction fail? 1. Violent resistance by white southerners 2. Clashes among Republicans 3. Northern loss of will

History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 3: Revitalizing the South I. The Reconstruction of Southern Agriculture A. Background: the old slave labor system B. Planters' preferences 1. Yearly contracts & wage labor 2. Gang labor under white supervision C. Freedpeople's aspirations D. Sharecropping as a compromise E. White farmers and tenancy F. Financing agriculture 1. Country stores and local merchants 2. Cycles of debt and dependency for individuals and the entire South Breaking the cycle: The New South vision A. Henry Grady and the "New South Creed" 1. The critique of the Old South 2. Industry as the savior of the South a. Prosperity b. Racial harmony c. Reconciliation with the North B. Boosters 1. Incentives to business 2. Fairs and expositions The New South reality A. Impressive accomplishments 1. Urbanization 2. Railroads B. Cheap manufacturing and extractive industries 1. Cotton textiles 2. Lumber C. The colonial economy 1. Real economic growth and diversificationbut 2. Still lags behind north 3. And still dependent

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 4: Industrializing the North I. The North in 1860 and the basic nature of the coming transformation II. Becoming an industrial giant: by the numbers A. What these numbers tell us B. What they don't tell us III. Transforming production A. New technology B. New organization and management 1. Corporations and the rise of "big business" a. Organization b. Centralization c. Examples: Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil 2. The new managerial class and scientific management IV. Transforming labor A. Farm to factory B. Urbanization C. Wage labor D. Immigration V. Critics of the new industrial order A. Jacob Riis: Social criticism B. Henry Demarest Lloyd: Political criticism VI. Industrialization as a trade-off A. Disadvantages 1. Less autonomy and upward mobility for workers 2. Increased political power of concentrated wealth B. Advantages 1. Abundant, cheap goods rise of consumerism 2. In long run, higher material standard of living

History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 5: Conquering the West I. The mythic West A. Elements of the myth 1. Rugged individualism 2. Fresh start B. Reinterpreting the West II. The Mining Frontier A. Early years: rugged frontiersmen placer mining B. The rise of corporate, industrial mining hydraulic mining 1. Changing technology and labor 2. General Mining Act of 1872 III. The Cattle Frontier A. Railroads, eastern demand, and cattle drives B. Cowboys C. Decline of the open range, mid-1880s IV. The Farming Frontier A. Land Homestead Act B. Access to markets railroads C. Adaptation to new environment 1. Dry farming 2. Bonanza farms V. Subjugation of Native Americans the Sioux as a case study A. Wars B. Destruction of buffalo C. Reservations and Dawes Act D. Schools E. Wounded Knee

History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 6: Organized Labor and Populism I. American workers in the era of industrialization A. Diversity of the working classes B. Some common issues 1. Low wages 2. Working conditions 3. Job insecurity 4. Political powerlessness Labor unions: varied responses to industrial capitalism A. Craft unions 1. Some post-Civil War leverage 2. Declining influence of after 1877 3. Industrial violence and the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 4. American Federation of Labor (AFL) a. Accomplishments by 1914 b. Limitations B. Knights of Labor C. Industrial Workers of the World The Populists: a partisan challenge to industrial capitalism A. Origins 1. Rural problems, 1865-1890 2. Granges and Greenbackers 3. Farmers' Alliance B. Organizing the People's Party 1. Constituents 2. Omaha Platform and election of 1892 C. The fall of Populism 1. "Free Silver" 2. The election of 1896

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 7: Building an Empire I. Background A. Definitions and characteristics of U.S. imperialism B. Traditional American views of imperialism, to 1865 1. Hostile to idea of empire, but 2. Long history of continental expansion Roots of imperialism, 1865-1896 A. Economy: Overproduction and foreign markets B. Culture: Teddy Roosevelt and the strenuous life C. Strategy: Mahan and sea power D. Ideology: white man's burden Edging towards empire, 1865-1896 A. Alaska purchase B. Latin America investment C. Hawaii towards annexation McKinley's presidency a turning point, 1896-1901 A. The emerging "imperial presidency" B. Hawaiian annexation C. Spain, Cuba, and the Philippines 1. Background to Spanish-American War 2. The "Splendid Little War" 3. Cuba and informal empire 4. The Philippines and the burden of empire D. Anti-imperialism and the election of 1900 Roosevelt and embrace of empire A. Expanding presidential powers B. Roosevelt Corollary C. Panama Canal

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 8: Disfranchisement and Jim Crow I. Flexibility of race relations after Reconstruction A. Some segregation 1. Segregation as voluntary 2. Segregation as custom B. But also persistent integration C. and continued voting by African Americans in the South Swift reaction, 1890-1910 A. The end result: segregation and disfranchisement by 1910 B. Why the change? 1. Scientific racism 2. Economic turmoil 3. Changes in Southern society 4. Changes in the African-American population 5. Populism vs. Democratic leadership Disfranchisement A. Techniques B. Williams v. Mississippi (1898) C. Loopholes D. Effect on lower-class whites E. The "Solid South" Rise of Jim Crow A. Segregation as a response to social and economic change 1. Key aspects of the change 2. Case study: railroads B. Spread of segregation C. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) D. Lynching and its critics

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 9: The Progressive Movement I. Understanding Progressivism and its origins A. Who were the Progressives? B. What were their concerns? 1. Potentially radical lower classes 2. Selfish and oblivious upper classes C. What were their goals? D. Defining "Progressivism" E. Key features: 1. Promoted active role for government in economy and society 2. Believed in expertise professional, scientific approach to reform Progressivism in action: on the local level A. Reforming individual behavior: Prohibition 1. Effort to make 'better' middle-class-style citizens 2. Starts local, grows to national campaign 3. Women heavily involved B. Addressing urban poverty 1. Settlement houses 2. Political activism Progressivism in action: on the national scale A. Protecting consumers: Food safety and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) B. Regulating big business: "trustbusting" 1. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) 2. Bureau of Corporations (1903) 3. Northern Securities Company 4. Gentlemen's agreements Progressivism's dark side: eugenics

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 10: Wilson and the Great War I. Wilson and the culmination of Progressivism at home A. Progressivism and the 1912 election B. Progressive legislation under Wilson 1. Taxation 2. Banking 3. Regulation The European background of World War I A. Origins and outbreak of the conflict B. Course of the war, 1914-1917 C. U.S. neutrality to 1917 1. The Lusitania 2. "He Kept Us Out of the War" D. Desperation on both sides by 1917 Wilsonian America at War, 1917-1918 A. American entry into the war 1. Unrestricted submarine warfare 2. Zimmerman Telegram 3. War declared, April 6, 1917 4. Progressive support for the war B. Over here: Mobilizing the country for war 1. Propaganda 2. Mobilizing the economy 3. Conscription C. "Over there" 1. Pershing's plan 2. The AEF in action 3. Victory: 11/11/1918 Wilson, Versailles, and Progressivism's decline A. Wilson's Fourteen Points B. Making the treaty Wilson in Paris C. Debating the treaty at home in the U.S. D. Postwar reaction, the 1920 election, and the downfall of Progressivism

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 11: Cultural Conflict in the Roaring '20s I. Key issues continuing in the 1920s A. Contested relationship between business and government B. Trade-off of industrial capitalism: less autonomy, more goods C. Cultural conflict Two views of the "mainstream" 1920s: A. Economics: The 1920s as the "New Era" for business 1. New image for big business a. Business as sacred b. Businessman as public servant c. Henry Ford as an example 2. Economic boom 3. Business and politics a. Wave of mergers b. Decline in regulation B. Culture: The 1920s as The "Roaring '20s" 1. Consumerism a. A world of goods and credit and brands and ads b. Automobiles as an example 2. The rise of Hollywood 3. The "New Woman" Cultural diversity: African Americans in the 1920s A. The Great Migration B. The Harlem Renaissance Cultural backlash: traditionalism vs. modernism A. Nativism 1. Resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan 2. Immigration Act of 1924 B. Culture wars of the 1920s 1. "The Fundamentals" (1909-1915) 2. The Scopes Trial

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 12: The Great Depression I. Background and Causes of the Great Depression A. The trigger: stock market crash, October 1929 1. Warning signs 2. Continued speculation 3. Crash 4. Immediate effects of the crash B. Deeper roots of the depression 1. Unbalanced economy: the "sick industries" of the 1920s 2. Skewed wealth distribution a. 1920s government policies b. 1920s business practices c. Lack of purchasing power d. Underconsumption The deepening Depression, 1929-1932 A. By the numbers B. Daily life in the early '30s 1. The Depression in the cities 2. The Depression in the country 3. West from the Dust Bowl Hoover and the Depression A. Hoover's interpretations B. Hoover's policies 1. Achievements a. Public works b. Reconstruction Finance Corporation 2. Limitations a. Balanced budget and tax hikes b. No direct public relief C. Popular discontent and growing radicalism 1. Bonus army 2. Communism 3. Fascism The election of 1932

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 13: The New Deal I. Historians and the New Deal A. Conservative critics B. Leftist critics C. My view FDR takes the helm A. Background B. First Inaugural Address Launching the First New Deal A. FDR's view of the Depression 1. Domestic reform and recovery 2. Flexibility B. The First New Deal begins: The "Hundred Days" 1. Emergency Banking Act 2. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) 3. National Recovery Administration (NRA) 4. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) 5. Public works throughout the New Deal C. The First New Deal's lasting legacy 1. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 2. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) The Second New Deal and the quest for permanent security A. Wagner Act B. Social Security Act Critics of the New Deal A. Critics on the right: Supreme Court vs. New Deal B. Critics on the left: Father Coughlin and Huey Long C. FDR vs. the critics: the election of 1936 Assessing the New Deal A. What it did not do B. What it did do

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 14: The Gathering Storm I. American non-interventionism in the 1930s A. "Isolationism" B. Roots of non-interventionism 1. Traditional arguments against European "entanglements" 2. Disillusionment after WWI a. The Nye Committee b. Merchants of Death (1934) 3. Influence of the Depression C. Roosevelt's opposing view: internationalism D. Neutrality Act (1935) Global unrest in the 1930s A. Post-WWI clash of ideologies 1. Rise of Italian fascism 2. Stalinism in the U.S.S.R. 3. Global Depression increases the tension 4. Rise of Japanese militarism and German Nazism B. Germany and Japan on the march, 1931-1939 C. Managing Japan: Quarantine and economic sanctions D. Managing Germany: Appeasement economic and political The shift towards internationalism A. Outbreak of World War II, 1939-1941 B. Arguing for internationalism 1. Political arguments 2. Military arguments 3. Moral arguments 4. Four Freedoms C. Arsenal of Democracy 1. Conscription 2. Lend-Lease 3. Atlantic Charter D. American entry into WWII 1. The road to Pearl Harbor 2. 12/7/1941

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 15: World War II: On the Home Front I. Mobilizing the country for war A. War production: an economic miracle 1. The results by the numbers 2. America's economic advantages a. Size and self-sufficiency b. Distance from fighting c. War and the Depression 3. War Production Board 4. Big business B. Mobilization and the consumer economy 1. Rationing 2. Price control C. Mobilizing the population 1. Armed forces 2. Women Tension and conflict behind the lines A. Civil liberties and Japanese-American internment 1. Executive Order 9066 2. The 442nd B. Social Tensions 1. African-American protest a. March on Washington and FDR's response b. "Double V" campaign c. CORE 2. Race riots The lasting impact A. On the American people 1. Social impact 2. Economic impact B. On America's role in the world

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 16: World War II: The Grand Alliance I. II. Grim prospects for the Allies in early 1942 Forming the Grand Alliance A. Shared strategy 1. Germany first 2. Continue Lend-Lease B. Persistent conflict 1. Stalin: Invade France ASAP 2. Churchill: Encircle Germany 3. The American public: what about Japan? 4. Roosevelt: The balancing act The Pacific War A. Midway the tide turns in the Pacific theater B. Island Hopping The War in Europe A. The air war over Germany 1. High hopes for air war 2. Mixed results B. Early invasions, 1942-1943 1. North Africa 2. Italy 3. Soviet criticism and the Teheran Conference C. Opening a second front, June-December 1944 1. D-Day 2. The war in northwestern Europe The Endgame A. Closing in on Germany, 1945 1. Battle of the Bulge 2. Fall of Berlin B. Closing in on Japan, 1945 1. Air war over Japan 2. Atomic warfare The world in 1945

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 17: Onset of the Cold War I. Setting the stage A. Wartime background: Yalta, 1945 B. Competing goals and interests in Europe 1. Soviet interests a. Buffer zone b. Punish Germany 2. U.S. interests a. Limit Communism's spread b. Open trade c. Rebuild capitalist democracies C. Rivalry over the "Third World" D. The "Iron Curtain" E. Comparative strength in 1945 Early Cold War policy A. Kennan and "containment" B. Putting "containment" into practice 1. The Truman Doctrine 2. The Marshall Plan C. The militarization of containment 1. NATO 2. NSC-68 Asia as a Cold War battleground A. China B. Korean War 1. Background, 1945-1950 2. U.S. intervention, 1950-1953 3. Continued division Nuclear weapons and the arms race A. The H-Bomb and the "New Look" B. Massive retaliation C. To the brink: the Cuban Missile Crisis

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 18: Affluence and Anxiety I. Affluence A. Postwar economic boom B. Emergence of modern consumer culture 1. Consumer demand unleashed a. End of wartime scarcity b. Availability of credit c. New products 2. American life in the age of the automobile a. Cars b. Interstates c. Motels d. Fast food 3. Suburbanization C. Critiques of the suburban consumer society 1. The Lonely Crowd (1950) 2. The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1955) Anxiety A. Cold War politics and the Red Scare 1. Roots of the Red Scare a. Overseas factors 1. Soviets get the Bomb 2. China turns "Red" b. Domestic factors 1. HUAC 2. Hoover and the FBI 3. Truman and loyalty tests 2. McCarthyism a. Senator Joseph McCarthy b. McCarthy's rise c. McCarthy's downfall B. The Cold War and American culture 1. Seeking shelter 2. At the movies

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 19: Challenging Jim Crow I. Understanding the origins of the Civil Rights Movement A. Postwar Jim Crow B. Civil rights activism before WWII 1. Early protest against Jim Crow a. Boycotts b. Anti-lynching efforts c. March on Washington (1941) 2. Early civil rights organizations a. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People b. Southern Tenant Farmers' Union c. Highlander Folk School C. Rise of the Civil Rights Movement why the 1950s and 1960s? 1. Impact of WWII a. Migration and urbanization b. Job opportunities and spending power c. Growth of black unions and the NAACP d. Black military service e. Ideology 2. America's Cold War image 3. TV The first wave: desegregating the schools A. Schools and segregation in the 1950s B. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) 1. Background and the decision 2. Slow implementation and Brown II C. Massive resistance 1. Southern Manifesto 2. Citizens' Councils 3. School closures D. Showdown in Little Rock a case study E. Achievements and limitations by the 1960s

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 20: Realizing the Dream? I. Prelude to the 1960s movement: Montgomery, Alabama A. Rosa Parks B. The Montgomery bus boycott, 1955-1956 1. Local organizers 2. Churches 3. Running the boycott 4. The emergence of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. C. Success and stalemate D. Key lessons from Montgomery 1. Not just King 2. Centrality of black churches 3. Diversity of white responses 4. Media coverage The second wave: integration and voting rights A. Direct action and its results, 1960-1964 1. SNCC and student activism a. Sit-ins, 1960 b. Freedom rides, 1961 2. SCLC and mass protest a. Birmingham, 1963 b. March on Washington, 1963 3. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 B. Demanding the vote 1. Freedom Summer, 1964 2. Selma to Montgomery 3. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 A third wave? A. Beyond the south B. Poor People's Campaign C. Memphis, 1968 Assessing the Movement A. Achievements B. Limitations C. Rising disillusionment

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 21: The Limits of Domestic Reform I. The Kennedy years in the U.S., 1961-1963 A. 1960 election B. Kennedy's persona as president C. The "New Frontier" 1. Proposals -- not enacted 2. Late support for civil rights 3. Limited results D. Assassination in Dallas, November 1963 The Johnson years in the U.S., 1963-1969 A. LBJ B. Review: Johnson and civil rights 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964 2. Voting Rights Act of 1965 C. The "Great Society" 1. Grand expectations 2. Legislation a. Revenue Act of 1964 b. Wilderness Preservation Act (1964) c. Immigration Act (1965) d. War on Poverty 1. Underlying philosophy 2. Economic Opportunity Act (1964) 3. Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) 4. Appalachian Regional Development Act (1965) 5. Medical Care Act (1965) 3. Federal spending 4. Impact 5. Flaws a. Partisanship b. Superficial reforms c. Deficits d. Exaggerated promises D. Backlash 1. Conservative criticism 2. Disappointed hopes and urban unrest a. Wave of riots b. Kerner Commission report

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 22: The Limits of Overseas Influence I. Vietnam background to 1960 A. French and Japanese colonial rule B. Ho Chi Minh and the declaration of independence C. Anti-French War of Resistance 1. U.S. support 2. Dienbienphu D. Geneva Accords E. Diem's regime Kennedy and Vietnam A. Rationale for U.S. involvement 1. Containment in Southeast Asia 2. Domino theory B. Continued aid C. Advisors "Johnson's War" A. President Johnson's view of Vietnam B. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution C. Full commitment in 1965 1. Operation Rolling Thunder 2. U.S. ground troops D. Fighting the Vietnam War the view from the top 1. General William Westmoreland 2. Strategy a. Counter-insurgency and nation-building b. Strategic air campaign c. Conventional forces E. Fighting the Vietnam War the view from the ground 1. The soldiers 2. The combat experience F. Fighting the Vietnam War the view from the States 1. Initial support 2. Growing doubts and mistrust a. Casualties b. Draft c. Distraction d. Tet Offensive e. My Lai Massacre

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 23: Radicalism and Conservatism in the 1960s I. Why so radical? A. Example of the Civil Rights Movement B. Prosperity and high expectations C. Demographics and youth culture [1/2 pop. under 18 in 1960!] Women's movements and generational divides A. Women in the 1960s U.S. B. Liberal feminism 1. President's Commission on the Status of Women 2. Betty Friedan 3. NOW and the ERA C. Radical feminism 1. Frustration over other movements 2. Women's liberation Black power movements and separation rather than integration A. "Black Power" and the radicalization of SNCC B. Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam C. Black Panthers Student movements and the radical critique of the liberal consensus A. Students for a Democratic Society 1. Tom Hayden 2. Port Huron Statement B. Antiwar protest 1. In the streets 2. On (some) campuses The conservative side of the 1960s A. Mobilizing a conservative movement, 1960-1964 1. John Birch Society 2. Young Americans for Freedom a. Sharon Statement b. Conservative student activism 3. Failure in 1960 4. Partial success in 1964 a. Barry Goldwater b. Mixed results B. The politics of "backlash," 1965-1968 1. Response to apparently rising radicalism 2. George Wallace 3. Nixon, the "Silent Majority," and the 1968 election

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 24: Hope and Disappointment in the 1970s I. Hope and controversy in the early 1970s A. A continuation of 1960s reforms and conflicts 1. Desegregation and the busing controversy 2. Women's rights 3. Environmental protection B. The end of the Vietnam War 1. Nixon: escalation, Vietnamization, and "peace with honor" 2. Fall of Saigon 3. The mixed legacy Disappointment: America's "limits" and "decline"? A. Watergate 1. Nixon's abuses of power 2. Break-in and cover-up 3. Resignation 4. Impact B. Economic crises 1. Oil embargo and energy crisis 2. "Stagflation" 3. Deindustrialization 4. No remedies C. Carter and renewed hope? 1. Continued economic problems 2. Iranian hostage crisis D. A sense of decline by 1980

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History 112 Lecture Outlines Lecture 25: The Reagan Revolution and the 1980s I. The election of 1980 and its significance A. Revolution or culmination? 1. Recap: growth of conservatism in 1960s 2. Continuation in the 1970s a. Watergate and mistrust of government b. Economic woes c. Religious Right 3. The "New Right" on the issues a. Strong (and expensive) defense b. Antielitism c. Family values 4. Reagan a. Background b. As a candidate B. Measuring the "Reagan Revolution" The Reagan years and their meaning A. Domestic policy 1. "Reaganomics," recession, and recovery a. Do see economic growth b. Also see growing inequality 2. Shift in government priorities 3. But government not smaller B. Foreign policy 1. Anti-Communism a. Grenada b. Iran-Contra affair 2. Reagan and the Soviet Union a. First term: aggressive rhetoric and policies b. Second term: negotiation C. Assessing Reagan's presidency 1. Flexibility 2. Clear shift in the terms of political debate

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