Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
December 08
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Source: Adapted from Three Paths, One Journey, Steve GibbonsThe Principal Financial Group, Journal for Quality and Participation (October/November 1994); articles by Armand V. Feigenbaum in Journal for Quality and Participation (1988 1996).
1
W. Edwards Deming
Quality is continuous improvement through reduced variation. Demings Five Principles: 1. The central problem is the failure of management to understand variation. 2. It is managements responsibility to know whether the problems are in the system or in the behavior of the people. 3. Teamwork should be based on knowledge, design, redesign. Constant improvement is managements responsibility. 4. Train people until they are achieving as much as they can. 5. It is managements responsibility to give detailed specifications.
2
December 08
Philip B. Crosby
Quality is conformance to requirements
The Four Absolutes of Quality Management: 1. The definition of quality is conformance to requirements. 2. The system of quality is prevention. 3. The performance standard is zero defects. 4. The measurement of quality is the price of nonconformance.
Joseph M. Juran
Quality is fitness for use The Quality Trilogy: 1. Quality improvement. 2. Quality planning. 3. Quality control.
December 08
Cost of Quality
There are 3 types of costs that are incurred: prevention costs, appraisal costs, and failure costs (internal and external).
Cost of Quality
Cost of Conformance
Cost of Non-conformance
Prevention Cost
Appraisal Cost
Internal Failure
External Failure
5
Before
After
Failure Costs
December 08
Marginal Analysis
When considering the cost of quality, marginal analysis help to define the point where incremental revenue from quality improvement equals the incremental cost to secure it.
December 08
Pareto Chart
A Pareto chart is a specific type of histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, which shows how many defects were generated by type or category of identified cause. The Pareto technique is used primarily to identify and evaluate nonconformities and guide corrective action.
Paretos Law A relatively small number of causes will typically produce a large majority of the problems or defects (80/20 rule)
10
December 08
11
12
December 08
13
December 08
15
-3
-2
-1
+1
+2
+3
16
December 08
Summary
Review Questions
17