'M0'NlT0R THECMFR

COVERAGE
201.0 OFTHE NATIONAL ELECTIONS

NEWS MEDIA

National EndowmentDemocracy for

MEDIA THE CMFR MONIIOR NEWS OF COVERAGE AND OFTHE CAMPAIGI{ ETECTIONS 2OTO for Freedom Responsibility bytheCenter Media and with grant theNational from Endowment forDemocracy a

Copyright @2010 By Center Media for Freedom Responsibility, Philippines the and inany or Allrights reserved, part thisbook bereproduced form by No of may means, and syselectronicmechanical including or information storage retrieval permission who without inwriting thepublisher, bya reviewer from tems, except quote passages review may brief ina -9 lsBN978-97 t-93724-7

ELECTIONS THE CMFR MONITOR NEWS MEDIA OF COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE tr

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Center Media for Freedom Responsibility and published study a grant the (CMFR) from with this (NED). National EndowmentDemocracy for

Editors: Melinda de Quintos Jesus luis V.Ieodoro Editorial assistance by: John Reiner Antiquerra M. lara Q.deJesus Hector Bryant Macale [. Rupert Francis Mangilit D. Kathryn Roja Raymundo G. Ruby Shaira Panela F. Garol Paragele M. MelanieY. Pinlac Martha Teodoro A. Photos by: LitoOcampo Cover layout and design by: Design Plus Printed by: Design Plus

THE CMFR MONITOR OF NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE tr

TABTE CONTENTS OF

l,

Introduction: Hopes Fears and

7 17 .....................39 49 ............. ...........59 67 73 ...................... 85 .....L07

ll. Overall Findings lll. Automation CivilSociety and Initiatives lV. PoliticalAdveftising V. Election Coverage Day Vl. Radio Goverage ......,....... Vll. Tabloid Goverage Vlll. Cebu Newspaper Goverage lX. Conclusions Recommendations and

Listof Candidates

.. LLI

Aboutthe Centerfor Media Freedom Responsibility.....................119 and

HOPES FEARS INTRODUCTION:AND tr

1 Chapter

INTRODUCTION: AND HOPES FEARS

over elections disappointment theresults, and offraud ESPITE SUSPICIONS in past period, the2010 For in numbers election each Filipinos goto thepolls large still predicted 85 percent the (COMELEC) of that onElections the elections, Commission day, voters vote registered would onelection 50 million failed vote to Many of it did to iVhile 75 percent manage vote, wasnotforlack trying, only protection from without lines hours for to in difficultieshaving wait long as cecause such of where were they voters' inability findtheprecincts heat, some and to summer therecord go, largevoters, elections is stillsignificantly registered. 75 percent 50 million But of as percent usually in USelections, example, for votes larger factthan 40 that in the from which ranged Philippine elections, have and in The 10, May 2010 turnout that previous percent, Filipinosa means as among not faith suggest only continuing inelections 80to 95 premtothe lt indicates commitment democratic a stubborn their ofchanging leaders.also who in a isethatit isthevoter canmake differencethelifeof a nation. fonruard Filipinos looked were in The2010elections especially significant thisrespect, president a graft-ridden and to an as to theelections an opportunityreplace unpopular they to someone as But at administration,theyalsolooked the exercise a chance elect Aquino in President Corazon The of identified democracy change, death former with and "Noynoy" heir lll Aquino asthelogical 2009focused citizen attention hersonBenigno on by confirmed theresults, Aswas to and of hercommitmentdemocracy transparency, later development $ood and hopes reform, for Aquino became repositoryFilipino the of Noynoy governance.

tr

ELECTIONS THE MONITOR NEWS MEDIA CMFR OF COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE

were 2010elections significant ButtheMay offer, Not did in another respect. only they Filipinos,alternative an minds many inthe of years misrule. were the They also of to many in elections Philautomated firstnationwide history. ippine

9,

ambivalent the over were Filipinos notably the While theywelcomed latterprospect. :'' prepolls possibility automated would that irregularities that fraudand other ventthe past because had characterized elections manual they ofthenear-interminable count, system, and feared theautomated also that would themselves, therefore elections the to theincumbe fail, would manipulated or bent President's advantage.

Thepresidential candidates a at forum

was to Gloria The of fears theperception President Arroyo preparing was that context these a failure elections of orchestrating remain office in through, among number options, of a lead thatwould to theextensionher of term. and asof in the a Civil society engagement campaign preventfailure elections, to help to was the would honest fairaswell meaningful, among indicators as sure these that be and groups worked also closely media were Insome felt. cases, of how eKensively fears these preparations for as withnon-government the as organizations to monitor campaign well the glitches theoperation in and addressing like issues election spending possible automation, (Precinct Optical machines. ofthePCOS Count Scan) press the of reflected theirreporting particularities in ThePhilippine andmedia dutifully period As approached, in would thecontext which elections takeplace. thecampaign the players-the biggest broadsheets-correct media networks theleading and themajor two and of anticipated need notonlyhelpassure success honesty the elections, the to the it the butalso armtheelectorate thewisdom could to with that enable to make needed these in leadership. early a year As as before elections, media the changes thecountry's groups watch election over were reporting reservations of some organizations already the preparing initiativesthetraining of while such as theautomation system, atthesame time journalists. citizen media of camGiven particularities May the of the 2010elections, coveragetheelection paign as itselfneeded, promised be,many lt to and to things: needed bethorough well pro-active, focused the issues rigorously of the context-the larger but aware as and on picture-in proceed. which campaign the would

HOPES FEARS tr INTRODUCTION:AND

monitor The Backgound: CMFR

(CMFR) Freedom Responsibility Ttre for and Center Media performance 2010campaign in the and monitored media in of circumstances elections thecontext boththespecial place, theopportunity imfor in which were taking and they proved meaningful repofting analysis exercise and the and media. offered thePhilippine to monitoring media coverage Philippine of has CMFR been instance made has recsince and elections 1992, in every of media coverage, towards ommendations theimprovement in These have unrewarded. Changesmedia efforts notbeen ofthe incorporating oftherecommendations some coverage in for monitor 2004were in evident, example,themeCMFR diacoveragethe2007elections. of projects made some Both 2004 and2007monitoring the period themonitor itthe of recommendationsduring even but when campaigns stillongoing, reserved were self, the others thefinalreports. for 2004 monitor, major the As recommendedthe CMFR by players themedia exerted effort promore to in community both on, as vide public theinformation aswell theconthe was in text the2007elections.Thisevident thepro-active of, and candidates of media organizations to broaden coverageindependent efforts leading by programs parties, to provide public of and/or informationtheadvocacies the on small and individual candidates, programs of deepened discussion the focusing elections on Intelevision, public the affairs program t0 talk fora, candidates special inviting issues. alsoadded their W to schedules with feedback interaction, and about platforms advocacies public their and had their in media organizationsminimized past CMFR observed2007thattheleading personalities were who media reporting.Their coverage criticized also emphasis celebrity on platforms and about but clueless running office the basis theirpopularity were for on of programs. asa result thiscritical for media of Partly of stance,number celebrities,thefirst a post it lost .Among who to a those failed make to anelective timein over decade, in 2007 popular "Manny" in Emmanuel Pacquiao, ran congressman who for was extremely boxer the hishome town General of Santos. of the on Another in of of change thecoveragetheelections 2007was emphasis thepart developnetworks monitoredpresent discuss and and to thebroadsheets thetwomajorW

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL COVERAGE 2O1O MEDIA NEWS MONITOR OF THE CMFR

from straight thecampaign come to seemed have the cases reports In issues. some ment but this advocating orthatpolicy, thenetworks and ofthe headquarters individuals parties and candidates by issues on to managed getdiscussions development going prodding that observed programs. CMFR public affairs in groups discuss programsspecial their to series, and from gettheratings competition sitcoms crime despite to managed thelatter coverage' election in efforts future these to the encourage networks continue which should islaws electoral anddevelopment of basic understanding the Noting lackof background training andother seminars of in also CMFR suggested2004the holding in-house sues, prepared 2007to in better were players the media in that CMFR activities. found thebig activities. and seminars training in-house partly of elections because these cgverthe to 2010 challenge the nedia The ofthe coverage campaign noted then CMFR even thatthe challenging be would especially forthe 2010elections the sustaining others, among demanding, to themedia, level that of reporting an exercise at the national alone president, eight for nine involved candidates eventually and 61 for vicepresident, for senators, 187 party-list sophistication the groups. thesame time, increasing At esparties candidates, and of handlersthe ofthemedia exactthe demanded most pecially most moneyed, the into manipulated unwittingly being against ingvigilance others' over candidates certain favoring
Independent presidential candidate Nicanot Jesus "Nick" Perlas

has reporting been Biased care take pitfalls that demanded media thesame in2010. Other thempersonalities practitioners and possibility when elections, media during a constant and and of machines parties candidates, use into recruited thecampaign are selves often columns. and the to with links themedia feed news opinion their peril the has the Forall its advantages, lnternet alsoposed additional of theoldmedia's inon arebased unverified cases that reports in some echoing (print broadcasting) and lapses such obsolete "traditional" not have made new These arguably perils formation. colnews in the editorializing reports, sourced assingle (whether or intentionalothenrvise) side the and umns, ignoring other of anissue'

scope Project
perils, monitored: CMFR these had the To outwhether media avoided andother find o o o (ABS-CBN 2) 7V PatrolWorld 24 )ras (GMA-7) NBN-4) (ofthe PrimetimeTeledyaryo government-run

HOPES FEARS INTRODUCTION:AND tr

pages thebroadsheets: were Also monitored thefront of t o t Bulletin Manila Philippine Dailylnquirer Philippine The Star

dailies, and the have circulation among Manila These broadsheets the largest combined pages moniwere with reach. their Only front for the are, thatreason, newspapers thewidest pages, are news stories where major the most read the tored because readers only front placed.The team, intheinside articles however, take did note exceptional of CMFR usually pages provided themspecial among which information the campaign elections, on and of regular section. such sections asthelnquirer3'TalktheTown" and instruments analysis a timeallotment analysis consistinga discourse of Using content (UP), Scholastica's volunteers the Universitythe Philippines St. from of student analysis, (PUP), inwith UniversitythePhilippines together summer of College thePolytechnic and staff Manila as from these other and colleges universitieswellas CMFR memand terns pages thethree programs Manila of W news mentioned thefront and bers, monitored the broadsheets. of which content comthe is in research through Content analysisa method communication questions bias reporting, bescientifically estabmay such in munication, them among as issue determines much is allotted a particular how to lished.Time allotment analysis time Discourse analysis, a This the and of or event. detemines fairness balance thereportage. the to method analyzing useof language, of the enables researcherdetermine focus, the establish to and of first emphasis, topics, subjects thenews.The is needed quantifiably linguistic Vice-presidential is refine validate and through bias lack it,while second needed further or of the to candidate Jejomar indicators findings thefirst. the of
Binay

Ihetime analysis was team headed Prof. by Ma. allotment Aurora LomibaoManilaSt. Lolita s Scholastica's of College, while discourse analysis washeaded Prof. team by the A. Danilo Arao the UPCollege Mass of of Communication. Prof. V,Teodoro the UPDiliman Luis of College Mass of was supervisor editor. Communication overall and members were: Iheteam From Polytechnic the Universi{of thePhilippines

t. 2. 3, 4.

Lou Garcia Ann Ramirez Reynald MarkLouis Baltazar Sayat Princess Ubofrgen Rocel

tr

THE MONITOR NEWS ELECTIONS CMFR OF MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFIHE NATIONAL

FromSt.Scholasticab College 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10, Zipporah Antonio Josette DeJesus Emily Princess Flores Ann Reggie Madla Anne Angelene Marciano De Jenny Venecia

From University thePhilippines the of

Lt. 12. 13, t4. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

JonLindley Agustin Reiner Antiquerra John Marie Alexis Bahillo Myra Cabujat Karl Jan Coballes Mely Cristobal Ann Ma. Patricia Bea Cruz Maria Ernica Guzman de Rae Ducut Royce Lyssah Malabonga Ann Cherrie Ongteco AnaMarie Angelica Pascual Kimberly Pauig Ann Laurice Claire amante Pefr Abigail Robles Thomas Benjamin Roca Christine Sarmiento Joy Janet Tan Mario Urrutia

The interns helped theproject CMFR who in were: From Lyceum thePhilippines the of University

30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

MariaKhamine Kianah Amil Kristina Noelle Andaya Bandiola Jedidiah Amalia Casta Airiz Debbie Nufrez

From University thePhilippines the of

12

35.

Monica Cantilero Joy

HOPES FEARS INTRODUCTION:AND tr

by: 0f monitored coveragethecampaign the CMFR periods programs during selected *leded AMradiostationnews o t c (dzRB) Boses si of )ne on )ne withlgankasama LalaRoque (dzBB) (dzMM) Tambalang at Sanchez Failon

period over Selected tabloids a six-week o o ) Abante/Forward BulgarTReveal People's Journal

i n Pu ic affars progra s bl ' ' . ' . ) ) ) . . (ABS-CBN 2) me Correspondetfs (ABS-CBN 2) HalalanTElection 2) Today Failon N{ayonTFatlon (ABS-CBN OIT(ANC) Square (ANC) Politics Stictly (ANC) with Palma Talkback Tina (GMA-7) Notebook Reporter's (GMA-7) I-Witness (GMA-7) )Fl{ Dianes (GMA-7). Kandidato/Candidate

Eledionspecials ) . t ) ) . . "Hot Bandila) Sear'(ABS-CBN's HarapanTFace-off(ANC) (ANC) The Platform you (GMA-7/QN/dzBB) lkaw ba/Are theOne? na (GMA-7) lsangTanong/OneQuestion (NBN Hatol BayanTltation's n{ Judgment 4) (W5) Timbangan/WeigningScale

newssitesandhlog sites Seleded

t a t a a

101Araw.com abs-cbnNEWS.com BIogwa h/ PhiIippine 0nIine C ronicIes(POC) h tc Bulatlat GMANews.W

13

tr

ELTCTIONS NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NANONAL OFTHE THE MONITOR OF CMFR

o o o . o o o . O

lnquirer.net Mb.con.ph Mindanews NBNi.lV Newsbreak Journalism for Philippine Center Investigative Philstar.com Weekly Pinoy Fi|es VERA

looked political into advertising: CMFR (6 programming - 10 p.n.) fromFeb.9 to May7 primetime tetevision During (excluding and Saturdays Sundays) . ABS-CBN 2 o GMA-7 o NBN-4 from broadsheets Feb.10 to May8: ln thefollowing o o o Bulletin lnquirer Star

dailiescomuni of at also CMFR looked thecoverage the Cebu of (CCPC)to with monitor, theuse thesame Press the Citizens Council CMFR engaged Cebu print elections. and of by instruments, coverageCebu media thenational local the research members of team composedfaculty monitoring was with the Inpartnership theCCPC, Cebu (UPVCC) St. and Visayas College Cebu of of andstudents the Universitythe Philippines professor Manticajon. lan (STC) by Theresa's College headed communication

2010 Forthe and of with did The CCPC itsownmonitorin2007 thesupport UPVCC STC. vice-presidentia project, Cebu-based reviewed coveragethepresidential, of the the team monitored three 10. team party-list, local 10 from and elections Feb. to May The senatorial, dailies: English twoBisaya-language and t Banat News o Cebu DailyNews o Sun.Star Cebu o Sun.Star SuperBalita o The Freeman
14

HOPESAND FEARS tr INTRODUCTION:

press solidarhas a levelof forseveral reasons,The community achieved was Cebu chosen prepared positions.The media better seemed itythatallows totake institutional Cebu them in which function, they because themore favorable context formeaningful coverage, of partnership of ofthe The CMFR geta sense thecharacteristics coverageone to of enabled press, in had been which largely ignored developed sectors thecommunig of 0fthemost past emin to the media of efforts monitor to coveragetheelections,contributing political powermentitsconstituency. of

limitations Proiect
and becausebudget manof media nationwide did allthe organizations CMFR notmonitor power of coverage While the engaged CCPC analyze 2010election the to constraints. CMFR print print is ofthe this that ffire Cebu media, didnotmean thecoverage Cebu media typical press thePhilippines. in by of community ofthecoverageelections theentire '[he purposive covered only lt indicative of howmedia study used sampling.is therefore Philippine of the but enough represent coveragetheentire to tre elections, notextensive rnedia.

Presidential Joseph candidate with Estrada hls padymates

15

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

2 0hapter

FINDINGS OVERALL

players:among'the 0F OME thefindings the2010monitor of suggest themajor that media organizations, in keeping thefindings the 2007monitor, m0re with were of pro-activetheircoveragethe2010elections. onlydidtheyholddebates in of Not ard forawhere presidential the candidates present platforms wellastheir could their as *'EilS suchissues Charter o0 as Change, reproductive bill, Visiting health the Forces the xg'eement theaccountability and of Gloria Macapagal in thecorruption and Arroyo cases -rnan rights violations occuned that during herwatch.Their reporters also were focused policy rr extracting during interviews thecandidates latefsviews intended with the and aeproaches issues land to critical like reform poverty. and public programs primetime, 3otirABS-CBN GMA-7 aired 2 and also special during in affairs .flntrast their 2004and2007practice airing programs those to of hours. such after CMFR programs radnoted in2007 it didnotmake primetime, that sense airsuch to beyond when 'e,t'er viewers would from benefit theinformation provided. they .lfile pro-active same approach evident thecase some thebroadsheets, was in of of which providing cpened pages articles their to background information the candidates, on in,depth interviews, panel and discussionspublic on issues. Complaints overthe alleged of themajorW bias networks broadsheets to have and seem impressionistic. some been mostly Despite instances biased reporting, were of these the exception than rule. theother rather the 0n hand, government the network favor did administration candidatestheirreporting, hardly in and covered candidates either other for the presidency, Senate. oresidency,vice the orthe
17

tr

ELECTIONS THE MONITOR NEWS MEDIA CMFR OF COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

Scope printmonitol of
rewere t,294election-related From 10to May there Feb. 10, ports thefrontpages the Manila Philippine Bulletin,the of on Philippine Star. DailylnquiretandThe Number reports of number elecof had Among three, lnquirer the most the the (540,or 4t.73 percent) followed the by reports tion-related had with The Star(470,or 36.32percent). Bulletin the least percent). (2L.95 284reports (for the Many reports notjustononecategory example, were presidential such butalsoon others, asthevicecampaign) presidential at time, campaign,thesame orsenatorial elections in of Someold problems the coverage previous persisted. focus the included extensive provided These the presidential of at the expense thepublic's candidates, often candidates, and knowledge the about senatorial party-list and related thesenatorial to ofthe andunderstanding issues party-list elections. mostly focused thepresidential on elecIhe newspaper reports percent). (55.26 Reports about electhe tions candidates and plans the in in asalleged to rig electionsfavor tions general-such Top: Lakas-Kampi of theincumbent preparedness presidentto prevent altogether, country's in conthe or them presidential GMD bet (42.8L a close second ducing nationwide last among others-were automated elections May, Gilbefto Teodoro Jr. percent).
Above: Richard Gordon Bagong of Bayan-VNP

percent) (25.97 (25.66 elections Coverage vice-presidential percent) senatorial ofthe and period, reports wasconsistently duringthe low Exceptfora instances, few aboutthe entire reactions controversies vice-presidential were to to andsenatorial candidates limited their presidential in orstatements made behalf their they candidates. of in were local issues the campaigns candidates running local elections reSome and of ported thefront page percent). more (23.80 focused on on But often not, coverage than the prominent (such congressional former candidates thecontroversial or more candidates as "Manny" president Arroyo boxer issue a had Pacquiao)if a local or Gloria Emmanuel and (such allies bearing thenational of of on elections asthewithdrawalsupport Arroyo's from m ad inistration nd ca idate iIberto G Teodoro). Jr.

18

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

furcnge of theparty-listcandidates r:t-list election issues candidates a dismal and had (9.81 despite ::a'e rnthecoverage percent), serious congroups :;:nsonwhether the187party-list all accredited by aswell of nominees :: COMELEC assome their actuallv "marginalized" =: resented sectors. ffiial rcports

were meaningful 3; ffiere clear efforts provide to reports. notablethecoverage in wasthe lnquirersin-depth %tcularly 'n nklssues" series discussed thecandidatesissues that public-shouldaddressing remembering be :-d the and this :::mrng elections.The which series, appeared thelnquirels on -Trt page, problems, flagged some thecountry's of biggest poverty, of development, lack :*0ng themcorruption, and in urban ancestral and land, fish:"rbiems theagrarian, land, programsthegovernment, =i,'sreform of --r Vote Stals"The 20L0"reported profiles presithe of :ertialcandidates stand issues.The front-page and on said vice-presidential -<ia'. special gathered also candidates on position various issues, :-: r on

AN:AK
PARTYLISi
FAR* sA p12S AC-sAHcs

PAWTS

-e inside . pages notcovered theCMFR were by monitor. But be were reports, including : s[rould noted there that spepages thenewspapers LP's : aisections, theelections thecandidates inside on and inthe of Top: vice- cnitored. lnquirefs oftheTown" bet "Talk puttogether positions presidential The for the section, example, Manuel Roxas ll population :f thepresidential candidates various on issues shortage, such the power as and change. i'Etfth, climate Above: AnakPawis Covenge thepresidential of candidates
Paftylist

tsenigno Aquino high lll's survey ratings, religious celebrity and endorsements,reactions and presidential io various controversies asHacienda such Luisita made themost him covered Aquino, Liberal (LP) Party candidate, thesubject 424reports. :andidate. the was in The Nacionalista (NP) Party's ManuelVillarJr,second, 388,Hefigured various was with in isperiod ashisreligious celebrity sues duringthe such his lavish and supposedly endorsements, project his rankings, theC-5road campaign spending, survey and extension controversy. (PMP)Joseph Third fourth and most were covered thePuwersa Masang ng Pilipino's Estrada presidential and times) Lakas-Kampi Gilberto CMD's Teodoro (248times), I. Other 1254 were far candidates given less coverage.

tr

THE MONITOR NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS CMFR OF COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

Fei11y.lo',M*,10,2010
t ' ,, ' '

Martild:

Phitw
540 304

adwn
284

'DailJ :l6quinr

. ,, I,fte Puitiiffie :,r:Shr. 470

Total reports numberelection-related of I ,' ,, P deniialeteetions Vice-presidential elections ebitions ,senatorid Party-list elections 'nectionsingeneral' , Local elections : : : 'l :

r37
65
b2

:,r7'4.
134 , ,139r' 52

1294 . . :. : . . ' .715

JJZ

55126Yq 25.66V0 25-57% 9.81% 42.8t% 23.8Yo

133 . 135 52 201 L7L .r:,1193 45.26Y0

23 :. 134 65

zri'
72 '.,,1949 l 49.53%

Tbtal,nurn,ber,or,reportsinewshole) . .' (election-related %share reports/news hole)

*Note: Election-related may n1rcthan category rcp1rts have one

76r
37.32Vo

336 r27 554 308 2s03 M.57"/,

February- Mry10,2010 10 Aquino, Benigno lll(LP) (NP) Villar, ManuelJr. Estrada, (PMP) Joseph Teodoro, Gilberto (Lakas-Kampi Jr. CMD) (B.Bayan-VNP) Gordon, Richard Villanueva, (BP) Eduardo jamby Madrigal, (lnd) (AKP) De Reyes, Carlos los John (lnd) Perlas, Nicanor lesus (KBL) Acosta, Vetellano 87
OU

Ptdllppine Datry lnquher

,,rfttfhlti*tine:!! i
155 133 80 82 47 33 25 27 22 ,y&, , , ,:,

wr
424 388 254 ,'748,' 137 9:6, 79 ,13 66
10

,,..,,i80. ,'
114 . " : ' 1 ! , L ;.' 69 ,i , q : 37 ' t,'32,," ,',,, 29
. . t 1r '' I '

r82

2L 19 17
1A

,:4

Covenge the vice-presidential of candidates Among vice-presidential the it wasManuel Roxas whoreceived most ll the candidates, (127 (he the coverage was subject 169reports). Legarda insecond reports) in Loren came (104). while former Makati mayor eventual winner Jejomar was Binay third and

20

OVERALL FINDINGS tr

htO-Iry10.2010
Tffft: l'l:--3 tl (LP) rcglta. Lore{t(NPC)

Manila Bulledn

Pfrilippirc

IhePhilippine Star ' 7L 49

+z

Tohl
'i,,,.',. l

Itaily lnquircr '.. ::: . .:. : .: ::, 40 58 t,,',,.'.2,91,,..,','.'. 4 9 l

',Q7

l' - r, -r : -:' {PDP-Laban) (Lakas-Kampi @n. Eduardo CMD) (B,Bayan-VNP) ar*,;-,::3ar'ani EsA hrfrfr (BP) i:-- -.:= KBL) Dominador Orroeco. Jr. {AKP) ''

t.'.. ,..'t.:'.i0,..
t t,.,,t4,',..."', ,,;. .,.,.a.

30 8

32 32
ZY

4 ' :i .r:'. :i..:,..,.. t,,

T2 7 I

20 18 T4 '.. ',,,',,. :,,, : " ',,:,:,:,,,:,;12

t04 '62,
66

,.fl
26 :'f{.;,::

Wnge

of the senatorialcandidates

--:"e's,as scant focus thesenatorial on candidates'positions on development or p0licy s,-e.sdespite factthatthese the issues impact heavily legislation, thatthere 0n and were :1 :.a"ldidates fort2 senatorial vying slots. --:- Ponce Enrile themost was covered (he senatorial candidate wasthesubject 89 of Er'l't"s). reactionsvarious His to controversies, asthePhilippine Exchange such Stock coninvolvingVillar, quoted T3reslr' were several times. *-: 12 most covered senatorial candidates either were incumbent former or senators. or i[,*er' memberstheHouse Representatives. of of

l; :he lnquirer devoted fewfeaa :": articles suchrelatively to un{r :'iln candidatesLP as candidates I er Lacson Martin and Bautista "Jun" :- I PMP's Apolinario LoJose -"ra. a namesaketheNBN-Z|E of :::*,ptionwhistleblower.

LPsenatorial candidate Hontiveros Risa Baraquel

2t

tr

ELECTIONS THE MONITOR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL CMFR

lamano Pimentel, Adel and Defensor Lizn Gwendolyn candidates Mldam Santiago, Maza, Senatoriaf

'::a.'.,.:

1 t-'.1

(PMP) Enrile, Ponce Juan Remulla, (NP) Gihert Marcos, Ferdinand Jr,(NP)
' l.Re Pia Cayetano, (NP)

19
,l:::,,t1

J'

Rq

L1 r.r8,' 10
i1.Ii

tt,l2,l 19

$
28
'|

t{-: 6

,.,::!2.,;.
16 t,a:W
IO

2'7,
18

:l ..

59, 58 ,4i:
44 $ 44

Defensor Santiago, (PRP) Miriam (PMP) Estrada, Jinggoy

i,
19

,,.., mion;iriniiiuMf,. Ramon (Lakas-Kampi I Revilla, Jr. CMD)

,,::.1"',,;,;;;:'.,..:.$.t;;,',t,,,,:.;t1,..,;.,:,

'&
T4 22 t4 T7 ,,1.S

J'0.,,'@tIdei{{s t;;,,,,.,.,': ;1.;,';-',,.:.,]

II De Venecia, lll (PMP) Jose

iiiti

10 ::,:.;;.:':: ;,t;;t,1, 7 ',.-..:.t]l '::::a,

4!. 41 ii '''-'

;.1t:

'&

Lo

36

Covenge theparty-listcandidates of groups/candidates to beadministration-backed most among were the covered The rumored grou rty-list ps/ca ndidates. the pa

"Mikey" (AG) Arroyo's Miguel Pampanga Juan Rep. Ang Pinoy nominee former and Galing questions hislegitimacya representaas being sonofthen President Arroyo, over the Gloria nominee as that tiveof a marginalized andspeculation hewasrunning a party-list sector, give to hismother thecongressional district Pampanga of for way in elections thesecond to party-list nominee group. and made Mikey AG most and the covered (1-UTAK) nominee Koalisyon Transport They were followed close by Arroyo and l-United ally (27 Angelo Reyes times) I-UTAK (17times). itself and

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

'flfrne -enspapers groups and monitored covered controversial andcandidates reportthese --Tos thatthese House Repreof were efforts install all to Gloria Arroyo the next as oc intent of reports substantive on Speaker. these But lack discussion theoriginal ser'lr:l'rs (the 7941 Party-list Act), COMELEC-accredited System andonwhetherthe fur,-! cActNo. gror-lsn factmetthe law's did requirements, issue media notsuffithe Another urgent group party-list nominees, was of address theprocess selecting {DtrrT\

Rlrry

10- ilay 10,2010

Madla Builqi 7 5
v

sh
T7 25
44 L1

.t,'i Galing Pinoy/AG's MiguelArroyo Juan fg Gaf Pinoy ing {AG) ,,r.:. nsport Koalisyon/ I-UTAK'S Reyes Angelo 1--:itedTra l-{lnibd Transport K0allsyon:{i'U ,..,'.,,t.. ' ,'.,,1 .l'.,,' Womens (GABRIELA) Party 3ariela Pinoy/AGls Aq Galing Dglilis'pif, 11',,,,,, 3.a,an Muna Hayaan YumaOong,t3Uf &rlray $ lfiayan Citizen's Party ! Action (AKBAYAN) friUf*irfuOplO.li ,.''1,',.,.'t.,,,,' BapnMuna/BAYAt( af,,ocacy for Teacher Empowerment Action through iooperation Harmony and towards Educational Reforms ATEACHER) Ladlad Palr{ANG,iWLADI Ang LBGT Transport Koalisyon/1-UTAK's 1-United Vigor Mendoza ll Anakpawis lrrn$nW$, r,, AngatAting Kabuhayan Inc. Pilipinas,(ANAK) li. artue cilizens' agqi* r,ffi n tergAel . .'.r. ..,,,l (MBATAAN) Ka n Part/ist bataa Kasangga saxauntadn tiiCr{*1m.6ngn666g1...'1,.,,1

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hrcnge of the local candidates prominent were -:"cal candidates generally covered were ifthey nationally, controversial, were parties. r' &ere reacting anissue t0 involving presidential the of candidatestheir rmong local former the candidates, President now Pampanga District Gloria 2nd Rep. and lroyo wasthe mostcovered times). far second boxer Sarangani (76 was Rep, A and "Manny" Pacquiao, Emman uel
23

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL THE MONITOR OF CMFR

Garcia Cebu Gwendolyn was were controversial. Gov, most covered candidates also Other reports that despite forTeodoro page times her when affirmed support she 15 onthefront Soledad, Shalani councilor Villar. Valenzuela politically powerful haddefected to family her girlfriend, thesubject 13 repofts. of was former Aquino's

10 10,2010 February- May I 2 4

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Arroyo, (Pampanga) Gloria (Sarangani) Emmanuel Pacquiao, (Davao) Nograles, Prospero (Cebu) Gwendolyn Garcia, Shalani Soledad, (Valenzuela, Ljlia Pineda, (Pampanga) Dominguez, (Sarangani) Miguel de Rodriguez, (Cagayan0ro) Rufus (llocos Sur) Luis Singson, Chavit (llocos Nofte) Marcos, lmelda (Pampanga) Panlilio, Ed City) Matias Defensor, (Quezon (Davao Rodrigo City) Duterte, itito*e) Ar;oyo,.Diosdado t0amarines (Manila) Alfredo Lim, Salceda, (Albay) Joey Amelita Villarosa, (Mindoro)

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Background (719 rep0rts 0r provided material outof 7,294 background More thanhalfof thereports information. background percent).There 508reports didnotprovide that were 55.56

background that papers, theBulletin more reports didnotprovide had 0nly Among three the 117 (145 had information of itsreports nobackground; did). photos merely page "stand-alone" thatwere were items electign-related onthefront Some 0n informationthose background provided capti0n independent infographics.Thus, with 0r percent). (5.18 items "N/A'(not were 67 applicable),There such items marked were

24

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

F*!-y

10- Mry10,2010

,&lletHn IL7

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Ptdlip$ne Daily Inquirer 369 ,,r.tgg, . :,

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FCness/balance :i *'i' andbalance among professional are the standardsjournalism, refer of and to -::J t0 present orallsides any :i both in controversy or issue, well to devote as as com:':-:: e amounts timeandspace forexample, accusations asdenials. of to, both aswell - :;:*laignandelection reports, absence presencebias the preferential (meaning or of l"i:::'t n favor a candidate political of party) bedetermined or can through evaluation presented or every withequal :r ur::'er therepofts each side emphasisterms time in of 3-: ::,:e, whether reports judgmentalpejorative andlabels the used "a (e.g., or terms ' :'- s:'col dropoutj') tendto predispose that listeners readers or against subject the ':rort,or whether report i:: the (e.g., ened its emphasis ABS-CBN's in emphasizing .t*:--: s alleged psychiatric problems putting inthelead itsreport). by it of S':*: reports contained thanoneslant or against candidate, more for a institution, or g t ': -: C \ l F R i n c l u destolri e s/i te msfo ro ragainstanyofthecandidates,gr oups,or inda l fl:---l"s. lt is thuspossible a report have that may been slanted someone/something for --ne i-,r ii same slanted time group, against another candidate, or institution, -= :!,3rage generally was (89.47 percent). didnotdetect neutral CMFR institutional bias l f i - , o ft h e t h r e e p a p e r s m o n i t o r e d f o r o r a g a i n s t a c a n dtim a tse o r g ro tu p . d u tben o ed l -:r*5,er. theBulletin's practice publishing that of single-sourced continuedthe reports in l - 1- eLections.

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25

tr

THE MONITOR ELECTIONS CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE

February - May 10 10,2010

Sulb&

Philippine Daily lnquirer 19

The Hdllppine Star 18

Presidential nquino;:EenignolUt fm,' (PMP) Estrada,Joseph (NP) Villar, ManuelJr. Teodoro, Gilberto (Lakas-Kampi) Jr. (B.Bayan-VNP) Richard Gordon, (AKP) Delos Reyes, Carlos John Madrigal, (lnd.) Jamby Villanueva, (BP) Eduardo Vice-presidential Roxas, ll (LP) Manuel (PMP) Binay, Jejomar Senatortal De Venecia, lll(PMP) Jose Langit, (Lakas-Kampi Rey CMD) (LP) Lim, Danilo Marcos, Ferdinand ir. (NP) Ocampo, Saturnino Recto, (LP) Ralph (PRP) Midam Santiago, Defunsor Farlftist "Mikey" (AG) Anoyo, Miguel Jose Local (Samngani) Pacquaio, Emmanuel Marcos, (llocos lmelda Norte) Montano, (Bohol) Cesar
J

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26

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

Ihe Hdtlffie , Star t7 Presidential Vittar, f*argfirli$,','l Aquino, Benigno lll(LP) ,; , , ,,,,;;,.;,,,,, fice-presidential Roxas, ManruetJl,itP)','', Paily-tld, ;,;:';,';1:,,,,.,.:;' : Uendoza, (1-UTAK) Vigor
' .:. . l''t'li' ''

Local

ga) Anoyo, ctord:tPatit*

3olante, (Capiz) Jocelyn . Luna, Ryan'165i4)'i "1

Scope broadcast of timekeeping monitor

{ll three broadcast programs news (NBN-4's monitored Teledyaryo, GMA-7's )rasand 24 ABS-CBN W Patrol 2's Worldl extensively covered elections the during entire the election period (excluding lampaign Saturdays, Sundays theHoly Week with and break), election'elated reports comprising 38 percent thecombined hole allthree almost news of of news percent itstotal N shows. Patrol covered elections with the most, 41,59 devoted of airtime percent itstotal :o theelections. Teledyaryo 38.55 allotted of airtime theelections, to while 24 2ras allotted 32.36percent. )espite dominant the impression, three the broadcast programs news monitored covered justthecandidatesthemajor positions. all election-related not issues, for national To these election issues general, in Teledyaryo devoted t7.I8 percent itsairtime, while Patrol of W percent 24 )ras,t1.83percent. 15.85 allocated and fte number election-related most them of reports, of focused theconduct theelections on of ather than thecandidates, increased last weeks theelections. on further inthe two of This problems thePC0S 'vas apparently to thenumerous due with machines thecompact and gave (CF) flash cards, which added credibilitythe"no-elections" to scenario journalsome groups ists, oppositionists civilsocie$ and feared. Teledyaryo, hadpreviously which been percent averaging 35.21 only election-related in itsdaily reports news increased coverage, it

27

tr

E|ICNO\S OFTHE NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL THE MONITOR OF CMFR

weeks thecamof percenttotal in airtime theflnal of t0 57.64 jumped 54.79percent to paign. 2ras'eleclion coverage 24 0f to compared an average in of totalairtime thefinalweek, dedicated percent theprevious lT weeks. Patrol in 28.23 only an percent itsnews to coveragetheelections, of 76.99 almost of average36,64percent. increase itsprevious from candidates of Covenge thepresidential during the coverage the however, mostextensive 0verall, period stillon the presidential elecwas entire campaign presidential most, elections with coueredthe tf Iions.W Patrol * i.u percent itstotalairtime devoted thepresidential to of L9.24 percent itsnews to thecoverhole of 16.73 hand, )rasallotted 24 the campaign.0n other percent' tL.24 allotted while campaign, Teledyaryo age thepresidential of

i;

lll Benigno Aquino LP's

candidates of for allotment thecoveragethepresidential the Aquino topped totalairtime topped airtime programs. came second, Teodoro Aquino third. in and Villar news of allthree given was while Patrol, Teodoro thecandidate the most in allotment both24 )ras and7V from allotment all three airtime highest Villar the in airtime Teledyaryo received second programs. news from candidates the presidential in of was coverage skewed favor thetop three However, parties-Aquino, and political Villar, more mostestablished presumably moneyed and to given thebottom candidates almost was equal thetotal six The airtime to Teodoro. total Aquino. devoted topnotcher to airtime

Aquino, Benigno(LP) lll

:,:,:i:lll:li:la1:11r:_1:ll:tr'a::rr.::.::r,t :1.:.,r.::::,.;:..,:l:ii::i:l:i

CMD) Teodoro, (Lakas-Kampi Gilbert

10.26

28

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

Covenge the vice-presidential of candidates In contrast, vice-presidential the campaign received little programs. vicepresident coverage all three from news The isconstitutionally thecountry's second-highest executive ofpresidentterms succesficial, is next line the and in to in of given sion.Butscant attention nevertheless to thecanwas didates forthispost, vying indicating a major shortcoming in media coverageelection of campaigns elections. and W Patrolallotted 6.85percent its totalnews only of hole to thevice-presidential candidates, 24 Oras while allocated 5.19percent itsairtime, Teledyaryo 2.37percent of and only period,The forthe given Roxas only entire campaign airtime was vice-presidential to 25o/o theairtime of al- NP's Legarda otted hisrunning-mateAquino,Legarda to while received around of theairtime bet Loren only 20o/o ofher running-mate Villar. Among vice-presidential the candidates, received most Roxas the airtime during entire the period. campaign Binay came second, Legarda Legarda in and third. received most the airtime fromTeledyaryo,while gave 24 )ras Roxas most the W Patrolallotted airtime. the Tostairtime Binay. to

cmarl!:.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

w7,4w
Roxas, ll (LP) Manuel

!inq*

32.27 i r'.;.;,,,,,;,,,;,t;t, 19.27 201 : 8.18

22.19

L:;,,::1,, 3.09

tint
LL.O2 ':lrt. 8.30 4.34

1;*g,,
12.04
:taili:t.f,lt.:

Legarda, (NP) Loren (La y.1yno,Eduardokas-Kampi cMD) Fernando, (B-Bayan) Bayani

Sonza, (KBL) Jose

,,ai,,,h,,', 1,,,4tt.

57.55 46.2 42.33 32

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c.cJ

Covenge the senatorialcandidates of The senatorial elections notreceive much did as media coveragetheir as significance warranted. Patrol TV covered senatorial the candidates most, allotted 5.93percent the but only of itstotalairtime them. 24 )ras andTeledyaryo to But allocated less, only even with 3.79 percent 2.84percent their and of totalairtime devoted thecandidates, to respectively.
29

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL COVERAGE 201O MEDIA NEWS OF MONITOR THE CMFR

shows was, candidates thenews to allotted thesenatorial as Asmeasly thetotalairtime provided airtime and Bolh candidates, N Patrot 24 Oras all didtryto cover thesenatorial whileTeledyaryocovered32' candidates, to 50 ofthe61 officialsenatorial followed programs' was He news from airtime allthree the received most Enrile Asin print, both and Remulla AdelTamano, of NP byGilbert Jr' "Bongbon$" Marcos Bello to themost Teledyaryogave airtime Silvestre lll andFerdinand W Jr', Revilla while Patrolcovered and to airtime Enrile Ramon the 24 Orasallotted most the whoreceived most candidates Most thesenatorial of the and Remulla Tamano most, or senators representatives' were airtime incumbent

Februarv9 ean$d6te, ilq'7,2010 (PMP) Enrile, Ponce Juan 1.

4

WPakdhtld
J.I L

240ras 4.07 2.2t

lble&lp 3.15 2.01 3.02 3.41 2.14 3.29 2.15 0,10 4.15 1.23

Totat,atuU||le{i*mil|. , utesand oeconds| 12.43

3
+

Gilbert Remulla, (NP) (NP) Tamano,Adel (NP) Jr. Ferdinand Marcos, (Lakas-Kampi CMD) Jr. Ramon Revilla, CMD) Raul Lambino, (Lakas-KamPi (NP) Miriam Santiago, Defensor Risa Hontiveros,(LP) CMD) lll Bello, Silvestre(Lakas-Kampi (NP) Pia Cayetano,

I.2U

tr.42
11.06 8.51 8.2t 8.09 7.35 1.25 7.09
7n7

5.46 4.0 2.71 3,19

2.r 8
1.10 3.36 1.2! 3.06 1.51 1.39 1.01

6 7 8 I 10

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EnA

1.15 4.43

of Covenge the party'list candidates

Srio

.%'

YF"*q u,

by ignored were elections mostly Theparty-list TV programs monitored' Patrolcouered thenews but most, devoted the elections the party-list to airtime thepafty of 4.18percent itstotal only period. campaign for list elections the entire L a allotted measly 24 2rasboth Tetedyaryoand systo airtime theparty-list percent their total of to represent planningclaiming or those temand themarginalized. only airedreports on 53 of the 187 TVPatrol vying pafty-list organizations C0MELEC-approved even covered seats. forCongressional But24 0ras 18' at fewer 19,andTeledYarYo
30

ilffi

&13-$#-P

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

period, AGreceived most the airtime during campaign followed 1-UTAK the by and the party-list Alyansa Media Showbiz group (AMS). ng at gave Teledyaryo themost Party airtime AG, to which followed the Kabataan list.24 was by 0ras allotted most the W AMS airtime Aka0 to Bata 1-UTAK.Patrolcovered themost, and followed AG, by

: Februafy9.'- Cadldtf,o., r"' May 7,2010 Ang Pinoy Galing (AG)

'

W,Fet$:,Sb'dd 6.29 6.04 8.0 4.36

24:0t8 0,54 2.04 0.11 1.0 0.37 0.26 0.09 3.01 1.50

(in Tel6dyarts Toblailtime mlnub,andrseconds) 10.0 0.13 0.0 L7.23 8,21 8.11 6.56 6.25
F'17

(1-UTAK) 1-United Transport Koalisyon (AMS) Alyansa ngMedia Showbiz at Ang Ladlad Party I-ADLAD) LBGT (ANG (KABATAAN) Ka n Partylist bataa M,una Bayan (BAYAN MUNA) (BUHAY) Buhay Hayaan Yumabong (AKAP Akap Bata BATA) (For The Marcos True Loyalist God, Association Country People) and ofthe (BANTAY) Philippines, Inc. Kasangga lnc. saKaunlaran,(ANG KASANGGA)

t.2x
3.38 .09 .01 0.0
.JZ

2.r 0
4.42 3.1 0.15 1.18

3.20
J. IO

3.0

Scope broadcast of discourse analysis monitor

programs From (NBN-4's February May thethree 7, 9 to news monitored Teledyaryo, ABSCBN W Patrol, GMA-7's )ras)hada combined of t,647election-related 2's and 24 total reports comprised percent thetotal which 35.1 during 62days of number reports of the of monitoring, Number reports of Teledyaryo theleast had number election-related while Patrol thehighest of reports W had proportionsuch percent. means more of reports 44.47 at This that than outof every two five reports WPatrolwere theelections, was on about which almost same for the case Telepercent, Oras, theother dyaryo whose election-related accounted 41.40 reports 24 lor on percentthetotal hand, 531election-related amounting had reports, of number of t0 30,53 reports news hole, or

31

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL NEWS MEDIA MONITOR OF THE CMFR

camwere reports, 50.27percent 0n the presidential related out of the 1,647election accounted as little were campaigns given covera$ethey paign.The and senatorial party-list respectively. reports, election-related percent 7.65percent thetotal of and 13.18 foronly

tubruaryg-May7,20lO repofts of Total number election-related 656 .r.gf3:. LTT 531

Teledpryo
460

:*laliqintialreFcu ,.
elections Vice-presidential

,;.11g;.:
108 ..,.' .1' 19
tl.l,'.

liiatoortam1iqd'"-'
Party-list elections

.$.
70

205 85 .i,.
JT

i.,*,tll.i.. :,.:,,:' ,,,'::': r,647 .,lg 304

9,.
126

.lgii*s*,,inrdA*,'..:'r,
(news numberreports hole) of Total reportv number electron+elated of Total (news numberreports hole) of Total

:..i$
'&:4tk
1,475

249 T,LLI

,Az-*,,,t:,
4,325

1,739

,i

4t:4q96

3d:

*Numberreports (reports have than categ1ry) 1ne nay nore of

candidates of Covenge thepresidential

of of interms number recandidates, the Among presidential of in led ports (Aquino, noted earlier, hisrivals terms broadas couered ru by casttime,followed Villar), Patuland24 Oras ln by closely Aquino. Teledyaryo,Te followed Villar most, the followed presidential candidate, covered was odoro themost in news subject Telethird was Aquino a distant asa byVillar. biasof in dyaryo, one moredemonstrationthe program's of the or wittin$ly unwittingly' whether andin reinforcement, was thatVillar Anoyo's bytheLP claim and suspicion outright "secret candidate". to of in Thedifferencethe amount timedevoted the candiallotment of slight. results time relatively The was on Independent dates thenumber reports them of and presidential Jamby analysis discourse bet and to check validate serve of in of analysisterms number reports, and Maddgal the in media covering presidential of the isthat focus thenews What show both each other. Villar candidate, forthecontroverthe for on was candidates mostly Aquino being leading candidate. administration the for him, Teodoro hisbeing official surrounding and sies of as of amount timeaswell number reports of led initially interms thetotal While Estrada perception that given apparent media place the overall to devoted him,hewasin fourth Estrada's eventually despite subjects, newsworthy were Villar Teodoro themore Aquino, and placing contest. in second thepresidential
32

FINDINGS tr OVERALL

- . . . , . . :. : ' : .::" '::. . . : . ,.,.'...' . : (NP) Villar, ManuelJr. :',':' Aquino,!i@d111111P1 1',',", ,r,, CMD) Teodoro, Gilberto (Lakas-Kampi Jr. :t'',-"- : .: : : Estrada;:Jo PgPr Richard Gordon, (B.Bayan-VNP) Vittanueva,id ,PPl" ,.."' r'',., Madrigal, (lnd) Jamby oetos,nepq;tonn Ca*qs{AKp}.,'t',:,,, (lnd) Perlas, Nicanor Jesus lcosta;,vegll'aao:{iaL}':,,. ,',': .' , '. ,..,'t,':,,,' per Total Program

IV Pabol ttbrld (ABS-CBN 2)

,,l4,0ras:,

temmi
oo ,.,,t,ffi.''

Icte&ryo ,{'!!Btf4t,,
66 48 96 22 ,,: ,,:,lf:,..: IT
'.. ,,t ' ,

I4al, 376 341', 303

144 166 ',.,::,' ::*r,.:.;'.,,,.,, .:: ,'i[2:',,' 108

': .:,r,, .'.:::: ::l

,2r7,,
154 ,150' 118 110 104 ,':.24' 1,897

40
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',,,,,1g
79 ,',,'*0'.,, 74
: . :,1.:,:..:.

99

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7
n
' :. :tt t:' '

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681

930

286

candidates of Covengc the vice-presidential programs, was covered Legarda the most news For three the Binay's followed Roxas Binay. by and vice-presidential candidate, presidency hisranking themedia in despite winning vice the could animportant be that the coverage suggests while media factor. it is not factor voter in decision-making, theonly Covense the senatorialcandidates of programs' most candi12 covered senatorial The news three (PMP), Manuel Ferdinand Marcos (NP), were Enrile Jr, dates (Lakas-Kampi (Lakas-Kampi Bong CMD), CMD), Revilla Lapid (PRP), (LP), Estrada Defensor Jinggoy Ralph Recto Santiago Lakas-Kampi CMD's (Lakas-Kampi (Lakas-Kampi Raul (PMP), Querubin Rey (NP), Langit CMD), Lambino Ariel vice-presidential (Enrile, Revilla, (NP) (lnd). seven Lapid, Marcos, Maza Only AdelTamano andLiza CMD), Eduardo candidate had But were as Recto Defensor Santiago, andEstrada) elected senators. allseven a very Manzano subpresence advertisements as via in addition theiradvantage media to media strong jects, Covenge theparty-listcandidates of as The that used news was Theparty-list the coverage. groups were campaign given least Not them. surprisingly, mainly to thecontroversieshounded that were due subjects covered presidential Mikey party-list was whose nominee, group AG Arroyo, son first covered themost drivers security and tricycle forclaiming be qualified represent to to became controversial group party-list mainly guards, because itsfirst of was the most I-UTAK also second covered

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL ELECTIONS OFTHE

nominee, former energy secretary Angelo Reyes, wanted represent transport who to the sector, party-list groups Bayan The other most covered were Muna, Ladlad, Kabataan Ang Partylist. and BackgYound (or About 64.6percent close seven of every of thetotal to out 10) reports election-related o'fW Patrol, )ras, andTeledyaryo background 24 had information. percentagein This is providing contrast thecommon with observation background, is that 0rcontext,among the press leading weaknesses of Philippine reporting. Fairness/balance CMFR found thatmore thaneight of every election-related were 10 out reports neutral, positively negatively andwere neither nor or in slanted biased favor a candidate party. of or positively-slanted toward particular While there were reports candidates, were a these only percent thetotal number election-related The little more than10 of reports. reporting of by practhenetworks overallwas neutral, despite occasional the biased reportfrom individual Teledyaryo themostnumber positively titioners. had reports, which were mostly of slanted on presidential candidates Teodoro Villar. the number Teledyaryo But and of reports that could described biased slanted notenough affect overall be as or were to the neutrality of thereportingallthree of networks.

:tatt,,
Positive Negatirre
1R6
..4.:t....

,.,1;s;;
1390

'::&/:V9,.:,,:
84.2V0

it:ii
*Note: Reports have than slant. may nore one

i&16d,

lfVillar focused candidacyhisallegedly origins, poor his on Aquino launched candidacy his for president an anti-corruption platform. supposedly on His mediocre legislative record andhisalleged of hisparents' use names further campaign some theisto his were of "psychiatric which sues thrown him. it was purported questioned at But a report" openly his mental health capacity runthecountry. and to What turned to bea fake later out report first was circulated theWeb a blog (www by on site politicalamateur.wordpress.com, now inaccessible), 8, andlater onApril through and email social networking The sites, "rep0rt" alleged Aquino, leading the presidential that then in surveys, been had psychotherapy. clinically depressed1996andhadundergone in
34

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

program W Patrolaired so-called the report's contents itsApril episode.The in 8 claimed program, from thattwosources NPhadprovided informalion. Patrols news W rival 24 the program, (Witness), not Oras,did report Butthe it. network's night broadlate news Saksi cast report thewarning theInternet thesource thereport. the with that was of getW Patrolfocusedthealleged on report's contents before tingthe reaction Aquino Fr. of and Carmelo Caluag, althe leged author the repoft, denied connection of who with any psychology theAteneo Manila de University's department and principaltheAteneo School the said was he the of High when report supposedly was made,Bandila, ABS-CBN's night late newscast, reported fromthe sameangle the ru Paffol it as report,ButSaksi5 leadwason the reaction the parties of involved, said document fraudulent. who the was gaffe possibly Was ABS-CBN's a form bias? of While unintendit gave, ed, was impression that the was although network the being accused biasforralherthan of againsfAquino. print The media demonstrated restraint. reported more They programs. Sfar the claims the "report" daysafterit airedin the W news of two The reportedApril10,butfocused Villa/s it on denial the NPwasthe source the that of document. hadbeen Villar crying over foul alleged tactics dirty against weeks him earlier. The lnquirerreported same thatAquino asked onthe day had ABS-CBN an apology for foritserroneous on hismental report health. report" debacle, Despite "psychiatric the some columnists continuedwrite Aquino's to on mental health, anyway,

EduatdoVillanueva of Bangon Pilipinas

Coverage publicatfairsprograms, by election specials, online and media

programs Outside thethree of newspapers news and monitored, were there serious efforts onthepart thepress provide of in-depth to coveragethecampaign elections. of and Publicaffairsprcgnms programs track events a daily Iheusual news kept of from one on basis day ofthecampaign public/current programs provided in-depth to election Butit was day. the affairs that the discussions, analyses contextualization forthose and needed events be meaningful to to thepublic. programs asReporters Public affairs such Notebookand Pll7rcsshared Strictly a common effort explain to complex campaign election-related likethe party-list and issues system poll and first-ever the nationwide automation important issues system. equally 0ther such ascampaign finance thesubject programs as The were of such Correspondents.

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL MONITOR OF THE CMFR

Media programs asBandila, such affairs Regular andpublic news own )ff Square crealedtheir election Politics,and inFocus, Strictty issues. on views various pressing for candidatestheir specials, Election specials the shows, affairs news public and to In addition theirregular provide audito specials aired outlets election major broadcast as of laws well knowledge on with ences analyses a candidate's development to with as howhe or shestands regards various of freedom information, policy reform, as issues such agrarian rights, andwomen's energy, effort noted determined of the the CMFR Inthe2007monitor, isdevelopment and to present discuss organizations broadcast programprimetime 0r aired in specials during near sues election how and (lnthe2004monitor, noted news public CMFR ming. prime the timeandafter programs aired beyond were affairs less were viewers there shows-when drama entertainment and issues') election more educated about have been who could primetime. or during near yeat were aired specials also This election (and staprograms ABS-CBN GMA-7 theirsister in and Thenews reported issues the consistently respectively) ANC QW, and tions to efforts evident Ihere specials, were election in discussedthese year as as issues discou6e early a in engage public election the (Face-0ffl, of as before elections, inthecase Harapan the (Face-off), naba lkaw (Nation Harapan s Judgement), ng such Election specials asHatol Bayan grilled periodically (Candidate) you and (Are theone)? lsangTanong(0ne Question), Kandidato issues. and development policy on and stand various on thecandidatescontroversiestheir

Aquino

W5 noted therevamped (formerly that but monitored, CMFR not the Itwas among networks government and experts former which TimbangaA gathered 5), known ABC produced as on of the who officials examined platforms candidates issues. 0nlinemedia into has medium evolved a distinct the media landscape, online Reflecting changing the FiliMore more and for and source news information the2010elections. of andpowerful by participatedthe online of pinos followed even coverage the elections social in and the new These webtoolsbrought online and networking suchas Facebook Twitter sites to the and 2007presence contribution infornotches above Internet's the medium several needs citizens. of mation

36

FINDINGS OVERALL tr

journalists covering the inthe history, bloggers citizen and Unprecedented country's election given also Candidates realwere media accreditation bytheCOMELEC. lDs 2010elections ized power thenew media posted and advertisethe of ments sites such YouTube Facebookfor as and the on presence political spilled first The of ads time. online into thus their over theoldmedia, widening influence p u b l io p i n i o n . c im o a nd p a c tn Thenewest tool usedby mostof the websites web networking (SNS) as monitored thethesocial were sites participation. netizen Netizens nowameans soliciting of justlimited leaving but days not to comments can are photos reports can videos, and and interact also upload networkwithwebsite administrators thesocial through ingsites. to online coverComparedthe2007election gained age, online the coveragethe2010elections of participation awareness thecitizens-as from more and alterwhich initiatives BlogWatch l)0Aravucom became and in behind blogs seen thecitizen duringthe campaign elections. and native sources news information of and propaganda. spin medium alsobeen source image andblack has of Buttheonline the such out media which turned to befalse, Some thestories mainstream reported later of the psychiatric onAquino thealleged mansionVillar, started online of report US asthefake and Facebook, e-mail. like over and andspread wildfire Twitte| Onlinesitesof newsorganizations provided netizens Iheonline news sites'micro andspecial sites sections the2010polls on in-depth attheelections. look a broader more and graphic geopolitical automated maps, election Video representation ofsurveys, streaming, podcasts, of national guides, lists candidates downloadable election-related documents, profiles, external to media other with to links institutions relevancethe andtheir and and sections. were features themicro and election elections thecommon of sites their (PCIJ), example, for for criticized dirtypolitickthe The Philippine Center Investigative Journalism presidential lt candidates. ingintheelections theextravagant and spendingsome of campaign political and campaigns presidential looked theonline into candidates. also ads text ofthe reports Aquino and Bulatlattook an alternative about on approach focusing critical by on family's Luisita agrarian his Hacienda and reform controversies. Pinoy Weekly monitored possibility a failure elections wellas the of as closely the of political cultural media ignored other by different economic, issues mostly social, and organizations,

37

AUTOMATION SOCIflY AND CIVIL INITIATIVES tr

Chapter 3

AUTOMATION AND CIVI SOCI INITIATIVES L ETY

FIER MORE a decade, Philippines implemented than the finally a nationwide auphilippine tomated (AES) May 20L0.The election system last government 10, had planning switch a manual a computerized system been the from to voting since the 1990s. The Philippine passed Congress Republic (RA) Act 8436orthePoll Modernization in Law 1997, apparently forthe intime presidential ButRA polls. 1998 8436, which should have started computerized elections, notfully was implemented in 1998andinthe2004elections. delay allegedly to insufficient andconflict theimplementation The was due funds over andinterpretation 8436, of RA |n2007, 13th the Congress amended 8436through 9369.The RA RA C0MELEC tested theautomated election system theAutonomous of Muslim in Region (ARMM) Mindanao electionsNovember in 2007. ButastheMay10 polls neared, public the expressed thattheautomated fears elections would deferred,if implemented fail. be or questioned competence would Many the ofthe COMELEC t0 access useworking, and reliable Precinct (PCOS) Count Optical Scan machines paraphernalia ballot, and (i,e, secrecy folders, indelible ontime. society ink) Civil organizationselection and watchdogs criticized COMELEC'sofa back-up also plan the lack aswell itsincapacityproduce realistic onthemanner voting length/ as to clear, rules (i.e. of duration voting, of counting votes, of random manual audit, etc,).

39

tr

ELECTIONS THE MONITOR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE CMFR

themes preparationspollautomation oneof the most reported were for TheCOMELEC's provided accounts period. thebroadsheets television daily and Both duringthe monitoring of (i,e. and delivery testing PC0S of onthepreparations C0MELEC printing ballots, of the (or published stories a total 192front-page of monitored broadsheets machines, etc.).The programs print aired percent the1,294 while reports) thissubject, theWnews 14.84 of on percent thetotalL,647 (15.60 reports), 257reports of in in especiallythetelevision were Reports the PCOS machines frequently thepress, on programs provided public clear on to programs. television instructionshow with the Some day. machines election on use PCOS the

$ r,::[i&i|dr,' Campaign conduct finances Campaign race Contesflhorse Polls/surveys Personality Poll automation 215 ,85'.,
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for machines. 0ras, 24 reports looked other into issues related the PC0S to Other also would delivered the be to in 12 how example, explained its March report the machines precincts. possible But reports not did item The failure elections a staple in thenews. these of was lnstead tiedthe they fully discuss possible of such failure, a the causes implications and March 2010, recurring the In failure thesupposedly worsening energy ofthe crisis. early to failure elecof further fears a possible fed of blackouts inthe region especially Mindana0 votes, to be tions. Stories fears thealleged on that energy would used manipulate and crisis problem plan were this how C0MELEC its partner and the organizations to solve possible that in some thestories appearedthemedia. of

40

INITIATIVES AND tr AUTOMATION SOCIEIY CIVIL

guideunified failure Butthepress failed alert public theC0MELEC's to prepare to the on (BEl) pollautomationtheBoard Election lnspectors andto of lines theconduct of to on lack the who constitute BEls.The of necessary training theteachers would of conductthe day, reports showed, was on training evident election asmany

700
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elettions Ilection-r'plated vialeneelpear:e orderduririE; and The "Arroyo f"lctor" tiuil society and PIB{tione T7R Developmentlpr:licy issues tlther theme5

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181

:': ,: BULLETIt,i INQUIRIR # sfAR r TOTAL

Canpaign rules ad press reported C0MElEC-related (243reports W and273 in the in The issues also other officials, acthe like incumbent appointed broadsheets)thedisqualification against cases list, voters' theabsenof citizen the of creditationtheC0MELEC's arm, review theregistered resolutions. teevoting system, implementation and of election andCOMELEC laws ElecThe most reported COMElEC-relatedwas rule campaign issue the on advertisements. Villar leading Aquino andManuel Jr. lll tionwatchdogs criticized candidates Benigno like Resolution 8758 No. forallegedly violating Fair the Election asinterpreted Act in C0MELEC like Puliwhich promulgated 4,2}L).Accordingto was watchdogs Pera't onFeb. election for many airtime campaign tika(Money Politics), candidates used theallotted and had up published Feb. a helpful 11 matrix comparing the adsas early March.The as Bulletin on guidelines years campaign inthe 2004,2006 20L0. and COMELEC's 41

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 201O MONITOR OF THE CMFR

IN IHEMES TELEVISION
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ertt Arroyo's president reign spelled endofthenine-year offormer the clearly May The 2010elections to Arroyo. representative Shewaselevated Malacafrang 2nd andnowPampanga District president Estrada. Joseph power ousted against revolt 2001 a in February after people marred controversies by race, thenranandwonin the2004presidential anelection She to maVirgilio commissioner Garcillano election to then instruction including alleged her in favor. nipulate results her the in surfacedthe 2010polls the plans herterm manipulate May and Her alleged to extend t0 and of The press before campaign began. attempts Arroyo herallies season the long from 0f mode government presidenthe to change Philippine Constitution amend 1987 the martial and no-electi0n, even parliamentary consistently to a possible linked was tialto law scenario. reports in mentionedelection-related was Arroyo consistently leaving office, For president a in thethree theme reported period.The'Arroyo was most factor" the during campaign the percent the1,294 elecof on reports it (0r23.34 with monitored, 302 Manila broadsheets factor", on aired monitored 117reports the'Arroyo news tionreports).TheW programs

AND AUTOMATION SOCry INIIATIVES CIVIL tr

plans Her midnight alleged to extend term, Congress herallies' her her bid, appointments were andher relationship Teodoroand of to presidential candidates Gilbefto Jr. Villar some 'Arroyo in factor" thetopics the theme. Evident efforts With prospect Arroyo's the of leaving Malacafrang theautomated and system place, in many Filipinos believed 2010national the positive would elections bring changes. Discussions how candidates partyon the and groups to bring plan list changes goverin nance, if they would and can, have helped in thevoters choosing to vote who for. But programs, thepress, especially W news the inadequately reported platformscanthe of party-list groups, didates and Similar the to results the2007monitor, press of the coverage theelections mostly was of driven by thecandidates their and activities.The candidates' campaign dominated activities the programs 553reports percent the1,647 (33.58 three monitored W with reports).the In of broadsheets, campaign conduct thethird was most theme 267 reports. with covered platforms, When there were reports candidates' motherhood on often contained these For statements failed provide whys hows the proposed and to the and of solutions. exprograms in ample, theTV news monitored, opinion "development/policy on a candidate's issues" would mentioned in passing thereports presidential be only in on debates and fora."Development/policy wasstilltheleast issues" in covered theme W (only outof 80 (with reports the1,647 reports), was thefifthmost W and only in 182 covered theme print outof 1,294). But were there nevertheless efforts enhance capacity make evident voter to informed deto published "Think cisions, noted As earlier, lnquirer the lssues",series in-depth a of articles gets government-need which looked problems candidates-or into the whoever into to address improve country's t0 the dismal Among issues socio-economic the discussed state. were corruption, agrarian reform, urban development, povefty and alleviation, profiles thepresidential The published (except ofJamby Sfar of Madrigal refused who that profiles to beinterviewed) vice-presidential and candidates.The contained candidate's the personal professional and background, advocacy, his/her finances, most and, campaign impoftantly, his/her views national on issues theeconomy, like national security, education andforeign affairs.
43

tr

ELECTIONS MEDIA OFTHE MONITOR OF NEWS COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL THE CMFR

groups' and programs of reported state the candidates' party-list the W The three news she-said were reports in thehe-said, (212 these But finances reports). most0f campaign lack on Reports thealleged of financial the explained issues. format, inadequately and and Manzano on ad Eduardo candidate for and support Teodoro hisvice-presidential were overspending inthiscategory.

were elections during and on Stories peace order given in lessprominence boththe broadsheets reports) front-page (with I22 outof 1,294 the only re(only andW programs 153outof the 1,647 reports ports). in previous these elections, were As plan Police's of action, National onthePhilippine in of ban, the theliquor/gun and killing candidates provinces. the (103 on role society's in theelections repofts Civil deunderreported remained W and L74in print) participation pre-election and in the its spite huge periods. campaign and on of Thenumber reports the "personality" were There in "contest/horse remained similar a pattern established2007. to low, race" while broadsheets, W monitored race 72 on only repofts the contest/horse in thethree parties political of bailiwicksthe were on 168.These reports usually thealleged registered in andtherace lead thesurveys/polls. to

print delved stories of had113.Most these reports W had243 personality-driven while endorsers. families withcelebrity and with intothe relationships candidates their of the that Aquino suggested her L2lf'atKris Bulletin reported March on the For example, Manila value', hebecame as his'face facelift "enhance t0 undergo brother, SenatorAquino, a then for visible hiscampaign thepresidencyl' in more per(192 inthe regularly broadsheets or 10.74 results pre-election of surveys appeared The percent of 1,647 reports). (181 out reports) onW programs or 10.99 and of cent theL,294 Otherthemes broadin reports the monitored of number election 27 of Almost percent thecombined besides the programs outof 2,94t) reported other (789 themes on and sheets W news poll violence, etc. election-related of conduct thecampaign, automation,

reports monitored suchelection-related as the Lakas-Kamp had broadsheets The three phenomenon (tg), theElNino party (20 endorsements religious defection reports), CMD (from and (16), energy/power (16),andpolitical endorsements non-candidates crisis the (16). local officials,

INITIATIVES AND AUTOMATION SOCIEIY CIVIL tr

Ihe Bulle$n Philippine,Daily Philippine Hanila

Total 20 19 16
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45

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O THE MONITOR OF CMFR

and Givil society elections

reports (2tT outof and Two hundred seventeen or7.38o/o) 2,94Ielection-related inthemoni(CSOs) orpnizations society of were newspapers W programs ontheefforts civil and tored of on largely theconduct the focused The coverage fair elections. media to insure andhonest campaign. for been vehicles the and and have been in CSOs thePhilippines always vibrant active have and issues concerns. and economic, political in involvement ofcitizenssocial, thevoluntary promotion programs of in mostnotable their has society been Their value Philippine to development. relevant national to prior election day. to more activities thana yeat intensified election-related their The CSOs vote counts, as concerns quick and basic traditional from expanded such These activities electoral projects more forms of direct to registration education and watches, voter and governance. and participation campaign honest elections good for asthe Preparingfor the 2070 canpaign and elections with CMFR, thesupport t5,20L0, 0nJan. for EndowmentDemocracy, oftheNational with Discussion the organized "Roundtable inthe Engagement Civil theMedia: Society to and 2010Campaign Elections" raise of and of the level coverage awareness participation meaningin roles citizen and fulelections. Institute National In oneof the sessions, Mario President TaguiStudies for Policy in involvedthe walo cited complexities the The andelections: elec2010campaigns globally interests tenand people more there integrated, areprevailing is are torate larger, political players state He cited undeveloped of contending the within society. also our sions the Becausethese, public of of asareas concern. mandate theCOMELEC of andtheweak of onlymore the which offer and about hasexpressed disillusionment elections politics s a me .

46

and arena in the CSO engagement political behind the AccordingTaguiwalo, rationale to forknowledgeable, lies in ofthe theresponsibilities media the2010elections intheneed atto issues contentious andthedrive focus sources about independent, responsible and reform. for and choices push political influence issues could that on tention defining

AUTOMATION SOCIEIY AND CIVIL INITIATIVES tr

fte roundtable discussion involved around 30 carticipants national community from press and rganizations as wellas frommembers civil of society involvedelectoral in activities. group print, ifhepress included broadcast, and newmedia repofters Luzon, from Visayas, and Vindanao. Represented DavaoToday, were dyGB, GMA-7, Mabuhay MindaNews, Mindanao Daily Mirror, Newsbreak, Philippine Center Infor l,estigative Journalism, Philippine Dailylnquirer, Pinoy Weekly )nline, PuntoCentral Luzon, Sun. StarCebu, The and Philippine Star. Politics Change (CPM), Movement Movement for GoodGovernance (MGG), National Citizens'Movement Elections forFree (NAMFREL), theLegal Network forTruthful Elections Inc, (LENTE), Vote Youth Philippines, FirstTime Voters Project, BtogWatch, Rock Philipand Ed pines representedcivil the society sector. Rvote,district a initiative advocatesvoter which for education responsible and participated discussion. citizenship, also inthe A number CS0s thelargest of and media organizations country in the collaborated to assure meaningful (Eleksyon/Halalan The elections 2010). media thecivil and society sector agreed citizen that engagement should encouraged onlyduring elections be not the but periods thispolitical more in between so of exercise, CPM/MGC efforts CPM MGG and linked elections citizen-driven the political to reform, members CPM are development workers community and (http://www.changepoliticsmovement. orgnizers net/). MGG a coalitionreform-minded is of organizations, leaders, individuals business and (http mggphippines. :// iI com/). The groups two initiatedcitizens'draft, a primaries" developed or"people's and a scorecard fortheevaluationcandidatesencourage to choose leaders to provide of to voters new and politiciansequal nontraditional an chance winning elections.Their to encgurin the was aim age change thepolitical in culture thecountry of through empowerment leadervoter and ship development. The took different two very tracks their in initiatives. actively CPM supported Liberal the Party ticket byAquino. chose take non-partisan led MGG to a stance. Perhaps because its non-partisan of strategy, hada stronger presence MGG media than theCPM election MGG on day. representatives asresource persons thedifferent served in

47

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR NEWS OF MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE ELECTIONS

panels W networks discussion of ABS-CBNandGMA-7. developed 2 W5 a public affairs program present MGG's "scorecard"thecandidates' to the on adherencecertain to leader(competence, record, ship criteria track ethical compliance, etc.). CS0s sources as TheCSOs served major also as sources news analyses, of and since theyhold substantial andinformationsalient data ison prominentlyprint broadcast sues. These featured in reports and aswell commentaries. as possibility Their warnings thestrong early about offailed elections prompted ora no-elections scenario investigationstheprobinto pollautomation.The growing public's lems vulnerabilities and of anxiety forced COMELEC other the and concerned agencies to explain resolve following and issues: award the authe the of tomation contract Smartmatic to International lnforCorp.-Total mationMa gement na Corporatio(Sm ftmatic-Tl), malfu n a M nctions paraphernalia, anddelays thedelivery election in of discovery of other errors theautomated in system, theaccuracy elecand of tionresults. Several citizen watchdogs including Center People for the Empow(CenPEG),Automated erment Governance in the Election System (AES) Watch, Kontra 2010were theforefront proDaya and at of viding critiques recommendations election and about fraud and passing violence. these But were efforts reported in only despite problemspoll their calling attentionpotential to in automation, The Parish got Pastoral Council Responsible (PPCRV) mixed for Voting reactions thenew as COMElEC-accredited arm. fewgroups citizen A scored PPCRV itsdelayed incomfor and plete count election itself a fewdays vote on day and after. PPCRV earlier had raised the alarm irregularities bidding paraphernalia. over in the contracts some on election lt also initiated agreements to ensure peaceful a in election Mindanao. A pioneer election in monitoring, NAMFREL thattraditional of electoral found forms fraud such vote as buying process. remained rampant spite theautomationthevoting in of of lt reiterated need be more the to vigilant, continue voters' to education,guarantee to strict compliance election andlaws, to prosecute who with rules and those commit electoral offenses.

48

POLITICALADVERTISING tr

Chapter 4

POTITICAL ADVERTISING

MFR MONIIOREDpolitical the primetime adveftisements duringthe aired (six blocks to 10 p.m.) ABS-CBN of 2, GMA-7 NBN from and 4 Feb.9 May excluding to 7, saturdays Sundays, monitor and The political were measured extent which the to ads used before during 2010campaign, factors determined focus some and the the that the of of thecandidates' andtheextent which adsinfluenced of theresults ads, to the some of theelections. political CMFR monitored also advertisements Philippine Inquire4The inthe Daily Philippine Star,andlhe Manila Bulletin Feb. to Mav from 10 8,

Adsandcoverage "mosthelpful," but...

A Manila Standard Today survey conducted 20 to 26 found Feb. thatadvertisements 0n television regarded 51 percent thesurvey's were by of 2,500respondentsthe most as helpful means through which voters decide whom vote followed 46 percent to for, by who said television was most that news the helpful, These results validate candidates'focus the on political advertisements Philippine during election campaigns, help and explain they why allocate thana fairamount their more of campaign foradvertisements, funds particularly television, for2010wasestiover which matedbythe Philippine Center Investigative for (PCIJ) Journalism to have amounted to P4,3 billion during campaign period P1billion the and before campaign the officially began, a total P5.3 for of billion. theparticular of NPpresidential But case candidate Manuel VillarJr. political provide suggests thatthe edge ads candidateslimited among is by, other factors, critical commentaries bycredible columnists. 49

tr

ELECTIONS OFTHE COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL MEDIA NEWS OF MONITOR THE CMFR

Outof the ad:Outof mind

being between rememthe canmake difference advertisements equal, being Butallthings of A awareness'number candiout completely of voter day on bered election andbeing even advertisements before airing Villar, including hadbegun 2010elections, forthe dates ads these didnotaskfor 9, period Feb. 2010'while on campaign of thestart theofficial laws' of in were violation election thatthey charges to managed avoid and votes, therefore eye inthe helped the nevertheless keep candidates public andmind' they Suri$ao Sta' allowed Monica, Court the When Supreme in Panera NovemRosalinda mayoralcandidate delNorte and the during 2007elections to keep ber2009to run campaigning that complaints shewas herpostdespite the legalized useof such in prematurely,Court effect the Code' Election Sec' voiding 80 oftheOmnibus ads,thus foranyperbe that states "lt shall unlawful clearly which party' or or voter candidate,forany or whether nota son, camin to of persons, engage anelection or association the during camexcept political activity paign partisan or periodl' paign found Media Nielsen agency monitoring by A study media overABSof used to Nov. thatfrom 1,2009 Jan,3t,20L0,Villar up696minutes airtime of minutes ads 2L8'75 lll Aquino aired while over minutes GMA-7, Beni$no cBNand758.5 same duringthe period' in and inABS-CBN 136.75 GMA-7 or fide bona candidate registered that Act Election of 2000states "Each 6 Sec. oftheFair than to office be elective shall entitled notmore onehundred party political fora nationally 8758 Resolution of c0MELEC advertisementl'Although of (120)minutes television twenty via exposure advertisetelevision candidates' as this 2010interpreted provision limiting before even that had and per both to ments 120minutes station, Villar Aquino passed limit credit ruled eventually thatit would however, The period began. COMELEC, thecampaign the making 120-minute ineffect than rather thecandidates, for who to ads those paid them in Practice' meaningless rule

F*C=C*H

of Distribution printadvertisements
as these not numerous, were asmuch thenumin print political advertisements were While 9 from published Feb' was advertisements A totalof 616 political on beraired television. while section other in (565) of 8. to May Majority theadvertisements wasplaced thenews 46 At least pages thenewspaper' of and opinion business placed thesports, in adswere advisories while in of were thanr/+ a broadsheetsize percent theadvertisements less of in size' more groups mostly thanl+ of a broadsheet were and civil from society election
50

POLITICALADVERTISING tr

candidates Number ads presidential of for

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parties Numberads political of for 139

19 1018

with of groups up 37.50percent thetotalnumber advertisements 231 of took Party-list Some groups published advertisements. ofthese their out Forty-one of 187party-list ads. of the Philippines Accountants of groups, namely AssociationGovernment the however, candidates. endorsed Party-list Party (AGAP) Parents Parents Enabling Coalition (PEP) and with percent thetotalnumber advertisements of of took candidates up 25.LG Senatorial in print. advertisements NP's 34 candidates, hadtheir Out 155ads, of the 61 senatorial ng by followed Pwersa with number advertisements31 ads, of had AdelTamano themost Mitra 24 (PMP)Juan Enrile Ramon with ads. Ponce and Pilipino's Masang with percent thetotalnumber of made 17,69 in up on elections general Advertisements such organizations as by on These advisories voting media 109advertisements. include bythe publishedC0MELEC,forvolunteers call by ballot newspapers ABS-CBN, samples and stand candidates' on Voting, Council Responsible matrices presidential on Parish Pastoral among Force and byTask forFamily LifeVisayas, others. onissues adMost 84 totaled advertisements. of these candidates for presidential Advertisements presidential only candidates, 0f the came vertisements intheformof endorsements. nine While ownadvertisements. had Teodoro andVillar their Jr. CMD's Lakas-Kampi Gilberto were all in print, almost of hisadvertisements enadvertisements had Aquino the most Agunan National groups as Kabataan Korapsyon, Kontra such from dorsements different Advocates, and Kapampangan,Farmers CARPER and Ding with candidates 83 forvice-presidential is of Notfar behind the number advertisements in print. only had running thisposition, four advertisements for candidates ads, theeight 0f (20 Loren Legarda ads), by with advertisements44 adsfollowed NP's Roxas themost had (17 ads)andlastly, BagumbayanPilipino-Laban's Binay Jejomar Partido Demokratikong five (B,Bayan-VNP) Fernando only ads, with Bayani for Philippines' VolunteersNew
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ELECTIONS THE MONITOR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL CMFR

groups advertisements a candidate. early the As as against did have 0nlyin print s0me period, published Roxas ll, against Manuel People Against Poverty advertisements LP's third questioningcandidate's ontheCheaper Act, Medicines the claim

Distribution television of advertisements

lst presidential For candidates Forviee-presi,Cential candidates For senatorial candidates pa For rty-list candidates political pafties For in genenl About,elections Total numberpolitical of dvertisements
g

2nd
IJO

3l.il 138 164 204

{St 137 172 369

'h

5th 385 2A2 661

,00t' 701 492 1,085 235 17 107

z,zJL

tbtat 1,833 L:782 2,829 404 298 331 6,330

LzA
356

Lsl

2A 11
zz
IIV

r44
50 87
L,JZ L

101 41 798

zo 651

475

for block A total 6.330adveftisements aired theprimetime ofthenetworks the of were on period 9-May and 56 and of 7) took a total 46 hours minutes 10 up entire campaign (Feb. seconds airtime. of

of of Some senatorial candidates up44.69percent thetotalnumber advertisements took least 17 minutes, 45seconds,At and with 2,829 advertisements and consumed hours,41 primetime within 35 outof 61 senatorial candidates advertisements theweekday aired long, networks,which mostly seconds were 15 block three of of t9 and 15 Advertisements forpresidential candidates consumed hours, minutes, 15secof reachedtotalof 1,833 or 28.96percent thetotaladvertiseonds airtime of and a ads presidential PerJesus ments. thenine candidate Nicanor 0f candidates, independent only lasand Kapatiran's Carlos Ang Reyes notairany did advertisements. John delos

vice-presidential Roxas, and Four theeight of candidates-Legarda, Binay Fernando-aired nine and of a totalof t,282 advertisementstelevision totaling hours 28 minutes airover period, groups notair advertisements party-list monitoring they While in every time. did hours minutes 30 41 and which stillreachedtotalof 404advertisements tookupthree a groups fora seat theHouse in of But vying seconds airtime. only outof L87party-list of t8 Representatives advertisements aired ontelevision. parties theleast While political Political with the aired number advertisements298ads, of parties foradvertisements paid Pilipionly the and forspecific candidates, PMB NP Bangon (BP) nas aired advertisements themselves. extolling

POLITICALADVERTISING tr

voter camAdvertisements onelections, included ontheCOMELEC's education which ads jingles paign, people vote, network-initiated education voter and Bulletin urging ads to and reminders, recorded second lowest number ads(331). the of Trends A totalof 854 advertisements aired were during firstthree the weeks the campaign, twoweeks of Just after, candidates the started limit airing their to the of advertisements; numthetotal berof adssignificantly decreased 475,taking only to up three hours, minutes, 30 secondstheprimetime 35 and of block. given limit However, theairtime prescribed the Fair by Elections Actof 2000, found to some thepresidential of candidates ways rule it. circumvent 120minute without the seeming break to partylist adveftisements used Akap Bata aired Villar's camthat jingle "Dagat Basura of Garbage)", theadpaign (Sea ng While vertisement not exactly did feature Villar, useof hisjingle the him endorsed implicitly. "Naging (Once version Villa/s Poor)" Legarda a rehashed aired Mahirap advertisement of "Dagat Basura ofTrash)", featuringVillar which paid by (Sea was for thatused ng and also political theNPC, party, Legarda's Legarda a guest was in candidatetheNPslate. political parties their Atthesame PMP's na time, had ownadvertisements. "Tunay 0posi(True Meanwhile, Opposition)" syon advertisement featured thecandidatestheparty. all of percent the adsfor the NPreleased different two advertisementstookup 72.27 of and political parties. NPadvertisements Villar were "paid byhissenatoBoth featured and for" rial candidates. period, number advertisements Towards middle thecampaign the forsome of the of senawith, torial candidates to increase, time began withpresidential candidates appearing this andendorsing candidate. appearedtheadvertisements Ariel the Villar in of Col. Querubin Defensor andMiriam while was in candidates' Santiago Aquino featured allof hissenatorial who advertisements, also eventually started appearing with singly Aquino. gr0ups started presidential ByApril, party-list the had endorsing airing advertisements period. candidates, a trend Among thatcontinued theendof thecampaign until others, partylist (BUHAY) Akbayan Aquino endorsed while Buhay HayaangYumabong partylist and (PBA) Puwersa BayaningAtleta endorsed ng Villar.

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THE MONITOR ELECTIONS CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 201O OFTHE NATIONAL

The Villarcase
The Villar was lavish of use case instructiveterms howunpredictably themost in even of political popular in the medium thecountry helpreverse in adadvertisements most can publicity. verse inthe 2010 When announced he inSeptember hiscandidacy presidency May forthe 2008 political in 0ctober elections, almost Villar immediately airing that began advertisements, year.The were addition hisendorsement personalities coin as ads to bysuch television median Dolphy, show variety talk host Abunda, Boy Geronimo noontime and singer Sarah hostWillie Revillame. continuedairadsuntil He 2010, theapparent in conviction show to thatthey could spell difference the between victory defeat. and ng Estrada's franchise the "Boses as lf Joseph (Voice theMasses)" him earned tt milMasa of Villar further identiwent and lion votes 1998, in he fiedhimself thepoor. with 0fficially, launched presidency his"Pabafor with hiscampaign the gave (Housing)" in2009,which hay advertisement where his in thepublic tour thehouse Tondo a of which a timeproved for family used live-and to in his highly successful establishingsupposedly poor origins. Villar his'Akala (You Mo Thought)" Another ad, focused being advertisement, on hissupposedly poor hisbeing through "sipag his but able, once (industry patience)rise that and to from attiyaga" to hispresent status oneofthewealthias state in estmen thecountry,
Villar andLegarda

Ina pre-election conducted 16to May 2009, about year survey April before 2010 the 6, or a elections, hadledall candidates president, Villar for that disguised as suggesting hisads, presidential advertorials, working. adsor noads, theentry Aquino the were But with in of (SWS) race,Villar's in a subsequent rating survey dropped secto SocialWeather Stations ondplace, 37 percent at Aquino's ratings, however, were comparedAquino's percent. 60 to influencedtherecency hismother's by notremain levels. of death, did and atthesame Although Villar Aquino haunted recuning both and were by issues, initially Hacienda the Luisita Massacre Stock and Distribution issues more Option againstAquino seemed resonate with to thepublic theethics than controversy. complaint againstVillar from C-5 arising the extension Despitecomplaint conflict interest before Senate a for of filed the ethics committee Vilover larsalleged manipulation C-5project ratings in ofthe budget, Villa/s climbed 35 percent to

54

POLITICALADVERTISING tr

a Jan.2t 24,20L0SWS to survey 27 percent from in 5 Aquino's ratings, the the Dec. to 10,2009survey, on hand, to 42 percent 46 percent. other slid from Responding moreads with The number advertisements aired of Villar during the period November 2009to January survey 2010 hadmultiplied, Nielsen Media noted fromNov. that political L,2009 Jan. to 3L,20t0,Villa/s advertisements ontheair a total 24 hours minutes were of 14 2 and and30 seconds overABS-CBN GMA-7 alone. A fewdays before start theofficial the of campaign period, Asia Pulse released results itspre-electhe of tionsurvey ian.22to 26,which of Aquino's showed ratings down 37 percent Villa/s while rating to was meaning were upto 35 percent, they statistically tied.

ButVillar faced 12,2010, former senator issues other thantheC-5controversy. 0n Feb. grabbing lloilo. Franklin accused of land in During andLP senatorial candidate Drilon Villar in lloilo lastFeb. asreported NBN 4's-Teledyaryo,Villartoured a campaign sortie City 19 in grabin was themedia thesubdivision involved anattempt prove there noland in that to bing. That issue but died, others continuedhauntVillar, to (February) had114advertisements, Inthefirstmonth thecampaign limof Villar although "Panata (Vow)" itedto his advertisement toldthestory hisbrother, which Danny, whom of proper heclaimed diedwithout receiving medical for leukemia. majority his The of care were from advertisements aired Feb. to 26. 15 pre-election Theresults succeeding of surveys thrown himdid at showed the issues that notsubstantially hisratings thattime. voter affect at Villar received29-percent rating a comparedtheprevious to month's percent theFeb.2t 25 PulseAsia 35 in to survey,32 percent theFeb. to 26 Standard conducted 20to 26 comparedtheprevipolls in 20 Feb. to percent 34 percent theSWS ousmonth's 34 and in 24 survey Feb, to 28. of Hounded controvercy by 2, 0n Mar. Richard Gordon interviewedradio was by broadcaster EnriquezhisproMike in gram lkaw ba?:The na Presidential lnterview dzBB. over Gordon alleged Villar that triedto bribe into him withdrawing thepresidential from race. president This notthefirstbribery was allegation thrown Villar. Feb. former 0n 9, Estrada at presidential also claimed hehadbeenofferedbribe another that whom a by candidate, he implied Villar, withdraw therace. was to from
55

Villar(center) withhissenatorial Ocampo candidates andMaza

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THE MONITOR NEWS ELECTIONS CMFR OF MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

(March L2), number his Villar denied accusations during period both Lto of , But this the political adveftisements Within next weeks the two significantly decreased,only ads, to 50 (March to 26),more of thecampaign Villar theman 14 issues against emerged, among allegation oftechnical grabbing. land

Asearly Feb. as 2010, rumors a secret Villar former President Gloof alliance between and riaMacapagal Arroyo started from had via sources circulating textmessages anonymous who had 7,20L0. claimed thatVillar First and Gentleman MiguelArroyo metonJan, Jose While Villar Teodoro both and immediately thealleged thrived denied alliance, speculations party's of campaign (Teodoro notairany withnews his of lack financing. did advertisement forFebruary.) jingle While had one Villar only kind advertisement, ng which of hispopular "Dagat Basura" wasaired times, hadadvertisements NPsenatorial 48 he with candidates hisviceand jingle. presidential Nielsen candidate Legarda, also which used "Dagat Basura" ng Methe presidential diaResearch thistimealso during released report its announcing some that candidates, including hadalready Villar, limit their airtime forboth exceeded l20-minute ABS-CBN GMA-7, 2 and Arroyo secretcandi date? 3 0neofNP's adveftisementsaspart itscast had NP candidates identified of some senatorial with opposition, asBayan the Rep. such Muna Partylist Satur Ocampo,Tamano andGwendolyn Pimentel, daughter Senate Pimentel, reiterated who why of minority leader Aquilino part had they been oftheopposition. group in The claimed thisadvertisement thereal to be in opposition,apparent reaction theclaim Arroyo's candidate. to thatVillar was secret Villar himself boosted number hisappearances television 159 the of over through advertisements, astheMarch Io 22 SWS even his t9 survey showed ratings thepreferred as candidate presidenthave for to dropped 28 percent 34. from to "once poor" were Inthesucceeding weeks, Villar's by ads challengedseveral columnists as wellasbyanonymously His Danny's sourced documents circulated online: brother death certificate, showed theFar which that Eastern Hospital admitted treated had University and Danny, after days, of leukemia; theland who, 13 died and transfer certificate theVillar on home Moriones, in Tondo, Enterthe columnists poor Villa/s claims about Danny's without dying medical andhissupposedly origins help had questioned byWilliam been first EsposohisFeb.8 in forthe MannyVillar column Sfar("Was really poor?"), ever Esposo's have "owner-type" column claimed thatVilla/s family to used an jeep, claimed someone used beVillar's as by who neighbor inTondo. Esposo alleged to also "once poor" private incontravention ofhis had claims,Villar attended expensive schools.

56

POLITICALADVERTISING tr

picked Esposo's The [',lonetheprimetime program CMFR news of that monitored up expose. issue initially there. died Villar never but a denied Esposo's allegations, didrelease new proper receiving advertisement claimed hisbrother, that that Danny in 1962without died poverty. medical treatment to thefamily's due published 28, claimed 0nMar. Esposo another column two and usingthe documents further "once poo/'. was Monsod, thatVillar lying about being his such Other columnists asSolita Business Conrado Quiros Manuel de and lll, as as Quezon all of thelnquiret well Malaya lnsights Banayo weighed onthedocuments questioned only claim Lito in not his also and from poor family, also integrity. thathehadcome a but his 0n Mar. bothW Patroland 0ras 30, 24 aired stories quotbased these on claims. week A after, Patrol W edVillar admitting hissurvey as that ratings slid had disastrously because the issue.In a Pulse of Asia March 2tto28,Villa/s survey conducted on ratings had to 25from percentFebruary ina 29 in slid while poll Standard conducted 4 to 6, hisrating April had fallen 26 from percent, in February. to 32 also ViIla/s television advertisem increased more ents even percent, a totalol2LGadvertisements. by73.61 to While hadonly W advertisements as he 39 counted paid byhim, for most which of were seconds in 30 lengh, appearedother he in advertisements as such NPadvertisementsasanendorser theSenand of atecandidacyQuerubin.April abs-cbnNEWS.com/Newsbreakpublished of 12, 0n thestory Villarwithendorser "How Villar builthisbusiness empire deceit", with which described several malpracticessinger/actress Geronimo Villar's companies allegedly employedtheir in for The drive profits. article a complaint Sarah used filed Villar's by former lawyer, Restituto Mendoza Labor Relations before National the Commission againstVillarbribery, for corruption, andfraud. deceit 2L, reported 0nApril W Patrol thatVillar threatenedfilea disbarment against had to case part hisrivals' propaganda. Mendoza claimed allthese and that were of black propagandanot,hisratings Whether these claims wereindeed black or continued to decline, received26-percent in theSWS He a rating April survey conducted 16to 19, poll, down from28 in March, 23 percent the Standard down and in from26 percent i n March . AsVilla/s ratings continued slide, number hisadvertisements to the of continued into By crease. thistime Villar already had exceeded airtime and wasusing his limit Legarda's political theNPC, hissenatorial pafty, and candidates'airtime.
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ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O MONITOR OF THE CMFR

in appeared period, April which covered tl to 24,Villar fifth During CMFR monitoring the and including of Legarda Querubin, those 198advertisements, Villarkin claimnedia bias appeared and mother sisters Villar's of Toarrest decline hisratings, the as burst tears shedenied 26, April Hismother into on before media the poor, accused while sisters his had that allegations thefamily notbeen bias againstVilnetworks, of the specifically twobiggestW themedia, lar. on a 24 day, Onthesame however, )rasaired report theVillarfamily and quoted Mary anthropologist Racelis historian The finances. report was family undoubtsaid Nunag, ofwhom thattheVillar both Angelito middle class. edly pre-election survey of the released results another 28, 0n April SWS ratings had that showed Villa/s from conducted April16 to 19,which percent. another In survey, 29 to dropped more, 26 from once slightly from ratings 20 percent 25, to of Asianoted decline Villa/s the Pulse of the released results its last,pre-election while May Standard on 3, Villar hadovertaken forsecond that which showed Estrada daysurvey 20 to comparedVillar's place Aquino, a rating 22 percent of with after percent.
ln oneofVillar's campaign rallies

weeks the lasttwo of political duringthe decreased advertisements of The number Villa/s compared only 6 2. His on most on campaign, especiallyABS-CBN ads May numbered six previous day. lo 2t inthe had (April 8), of During lasttwoweeks thecampaign 26 to May Villar 164advertisethe groups, Alyansa those specifically of PBA, via allotments party-list of ments the airtime para Inc., Haligi Agham Teknolohiya sa Mamayan theAssociation ng at ng mgaGrupong Buhay and Party, Farmers BUHAY Alay Butil Professionals Seniors, and of Administrators, Susan and candidates Ople Inc. Foundation, andNPsenatorial Development Community Santiago. thatVilla/s 9 on released May showed May results PulseAsia's 2 and3 survey of Butthe picked again. up never ratings Villa/s further, 19 percent. had to ratings dropped nomatter via exposure advertisements in case that What apparenttheVillar was media was public matters more thatwhat and into support, does translate how extensive notalways media and isfavorable coverage comment.

58

ILECTION COVERAGE DAY tr

Chapter 5

ELECTION COVERAGE DAY

taken years heated four of legislative to establish basis law autobattles the in for I T HAD (Election mation Modernization Republic 8436). theC0MELEC Act or Act But imptemenI I tation been had fraught scandal controversy with and at different stages, upt0 the and eve election itself, of day many process Filipinos notsure were whether new the would work well enough hold to credible elections,would or even to a failure theprocess, Iead of Information political technology experts, public scientists, administration specialists and various elections voter fair and groups empowerment raised questions central theintegto rityofthesystem early a year as as before elections. questions the Their focused concern 0n,among others, availabilitytransmission the of facilities the electronic for delivery of physical election results, security thePrecinct of Count Optical (PCOS) Scan machines includingthe Compact (CF) Flash cards, installation source thebreakdown the ofthe code, of thePCOS machines, nottheleast, training,thelack and the 0r prepare thereof, would that personnel memberstheBoard Election technical and of (BEl) of Inspectors andBoard of Canvassersthenew for system voting, of Because countries most undertake automation in phases, Filipinos dubious the were about attempt theCOMELEC 0f to automate oneshot 76,475 in precincts over the clustered all thecountry. It didnothelp either justa year that before elections, legality thebidding the the prgcess of hadprovoked len$hy hearingsCongress. it washardly in And reassuring thebidwas that wonbySmartmatic thesame Corp., company involvedthecontroversial elections in 2004 inVenezuela. These issues perplexing overuhelming new were and enough. there But were theold also headaches have plagued that manual elections decades, would beaddressed for which not

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ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL COVERAGE 201O MEDIA NEWS OF MONITOR THE CMFR

arising the complications from about warned in experts thecountry Election byautomation. would there list, voters As in thepast, certified and of clusteringthe precincts the newly their 10, on to not who voters would beable vote May 2010because probably asmany be in were thepast. were names notinthelistasthere which of clustering precincts, of on few were reports the implicationsthe simple There the from was of levels 200. Little heard fromprevious to voters upto 1000, increased pollbody's the Voting for Council Responsible (PPCRV), Pastoral or the COMELEC Parish ontheoldtimeand of the about impact the numbers arm citizen's for 20L0, accredited precinct' an for systems running electoral motion

A newassignment
on media, focused automation, includingthe was 10, on May everyone, take of and themachines thelength timeit would to vote' t0 posed challenges new elections on Reporting thefirstautomated problems well as of kinds to had The themedia. press to bealert new But interesting. it wasobvidayitself on the asto keep coverage the were networks that of ousfromthefirsthours coverage thetwomajor audiences to keep of to preparedresort themagic technology to clearly in, tuned partial and readings reported caught usually the In the past, media to this With vote incomplete counts. automation, wasn0tpossible do the only begin after endoftheday' could asthecount

cgnas as automationwell thetight surrounding the Given excitement or$anizations media broadcast office, for candidates high testamong included Their strategies in prepared the c0veragea bigway. for had and journalists election reporting the in programs citizen for training inthecoverage' to aid technologies of use thelatest focus the perhaps because-of intense despite-or the and Unfortunately ironically, press, day. problems election during critical to still machines, failed highlight voting onthenew

ignored Problems
problems to was very attention given other place thePC0S machine, little of the Given central ofthe of and of precincts thelack preparedness BEI' arise the thatcould from clustering one members, ofwhich and one members: chairman twoother of The iscomposedthree BEI Bilang Pambansa Code Election (Batas to Accordingthe0mnibus as serves thepollclerk.

60

DAY COVERAGE ELECTION tr

will public and as 0f schoolteachers serve memberstheBEI they conductthe shall 881), polling place. inside behavior the and orderly organizing voters assuring the elections Instruction But the COMELEC General for 2010automatfortheBEls theMay (Resolution 8786)did not ed elections necessielaborate the requirements on precinct. lt voter each in tatedby more voters wasnotsurprising thatmany then in were disenfranchised because some precincts BEI totally unprepared the was was deforthenumbers. result long The for lays voters, for some as longas four n0urs. TheCOMELEC that it leftit to the said how each BEls decide to manage preto lts of cinct the movement voters. and the resolutions not guide BEIso it did properly its responsibility fulfill on could in proper Voters the last process. gave Without role The system theBEI new in a new new a day election itself. elections precincts preparation training, most falter. Some could the dedicated teachers easily and were many others But, few well and were complaints. there were managed enough there given hours, forced leave voting. without were to in where voters stood lineand, the precincts voters This a waiting lineto begiven number. in had The system upin many set and the still took as Given numbers, voters hadto wait, their sometimes as long anhour. itself. was than thewait longer theactofvoting banthe in hours thecoverage,thelines lenghened thehotsun, media Intheearly of as how theoutgoing long and the the of take tered about length timeit would t0 shade ballots president other personalities taken complete ballot, Reporting folteams their had to and presidential other voted. as lowed and celebrity candidatesthey problem was wait. thehuge But A fewanchors picked oncomplaints thelong had up about in their system made adjustments in the when BEI have the could under-reported period was so why forvoting. official volunteer asked No was early enough theprocess taking or passing number precincts, as cards have on long. some In it would been solved simply by give voters much longer they how it idea about were used. least, would the At some these would to wait. have generally and regarded normal, acceptable, thatvoteven The long lines voterswas of as The long dutyandwaitfor however it tookto vote. willingness erswere called dotheir to to as for in celebrated commitmentduty of thevoters stand hours linewasunduly to

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THE MONITOR CMFR NEWS MEDIA OF ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE

andbelief democracy. unfair forget many in lt was to that voters simply nothave did the capacity stand theheat to beabsent work, to in or from wage especially daily the earners, from or other duties hadforthatday, they Such acceptance thepartofthemedia on going was failure inquire theproblem, examine reasons things a to into the for wrong; and which done, if early enough, have could forced right. election officials tryandsetthings to prepared watch conduct thesystem voting Nooneseemed to itself. reason The the of of goes why were long there lines back thefactthateach wasleftto itsowndevices BEI to t0 setup its ownsystem. resulting The in differencestheefficiency thesystems of were nothighlightedthecoverage. by Media repoft people's did on complaints, onthevendors brisk and doing business selling food drinks thepeople thelines. media and to in But reports thefailure thesystems on of could have directed officials finda solution time. the to in

0therlapses
press failed report other The also t0 on lapses theCOMELEC, theabsence ulby from of (UV) traviolet scanners which would have if formwaslegitimate,the checked a ballot to reasons thedelayed for transmission from In of votes thelast20 percent theprecincts. of a fewdays, serious the implications delayed became with ofthe transmission obvious the close vice-presidential contest. There spotreports election were on violence fraud, these and but were reported little with c0ntext, lronically, election which media day, routinely described peaceful relathe as and tively was orderly marred 29 incidents violence, 19dead 23 wounded (acby with of and cording VotePeace monitored to which violence). Reports election-related limited to only thenumbers or injured killed during elections have effect making violence can the of such "normal." yetthemapping such And public of incidents onewayof raising is awareness perhaps about conditions give to election the rise that violence fraud, or how showing these co-relatetherule political to of warlords. problems asmissing Little was context given other to such names thevoters' in registration lists cases vote-buying. a littlebit of editorial and preparation, of With reports these on provided necessary incidents could have the backgroundwhat on needed bedone to to problemsthefuture. eliminate recurring these in

Focus candidates on
Given "disenfranchisement" the of countless voters could waitfor hours. atwho not the given thecandidates where how tention preference to and and voted they showed media fortheeasy story. Especially these where candidates nothave waitin line, focus did to the suggests acceptance status ofthe attached celebrity officialdom. to and Specific instrucgiven thefieldreporterssome tions were to networks focus this, of to on despite fact the

62

ELECTION DAY COVERAGE tr

thatautomation created entirely environment, as it turned entirely had an new out, and, new issues. where presidential a waited line anordinary in which 0nly candidate like citizen, candidate justified. Benigno Aquino didin hisprecinctTarlac thefocus lll Without condiin was such report where tions setthepresidential to candidate's ofvoting a of or act apart, summary piece, "color" how each voted one would sufficed, a have as Asa government-owned network, NBN-4 livedupto its reputation government's propaganda as machine showed bias and obvious foradministration Gilberto TeodoroThe candidate Jr. administrawas tioncandidate thenetwork's covered most during candidate day, him, election giving andhimalone, coverage he full when voted. a. prominent Forlocalposts, mostly candidates covered were on election Despite power resources day. the and devolved local to government officials, press been the has slow focus their to on importance on theresponsibilities government and ofof local public ficials their and impact on service. Media attention could have highlighted significance the of who given hadbeen elected theHouse Representatives,thecato of pacity Congresssettheagenda, of to whoever winaspresimay preparation have gone those Editorial dent. could to where areas new faces new and challengers change landscape could the of politics. local

count Quick
Adding thesense uncertainty election wasthe to of about day lowprofile theNational of Citizens' Movement Free for Elections (NAMFREL), anelection watchdog decades experience with to of its back credibility itsfindings. itsplace thePPCRV experience more and In was whose was in theeducation voters rather thecount. quick of than The count systems thebroad and network NAMFREL that volunteers established 1986, had with cooperation since usually the gave to of media organizations, way a vote count by with center establishedthePPRCV the (KBP/Association Kapisananmga ng BrodkasterPilipinas ng of Broadcasters Philipofthe pines) partner. as quickly COMELEC, was Butonelection itself, reports votes day with recorded by of there n0 quick longer need theparallel count. PPCRV's would only autofor any And count be an quick matic echo theCOMELEC's announcements total of votes received end ofthe atthe day. ofthe

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ELECTIONS MONITOR MEDIA THE CMFR OF NEWS COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE

reBut and Indeed, fulfilled promise speed. complaints controversies the of automation and the if they to learn lessons confront are mained, which media would well review, do to in after thereal challengeelectionsthecountry 20L0. of

GS0s resources as

(CS0s) period, society and organizations ledinquiries During 2010campaign civil the produced invited representatives CSO major issues. three The stations research central on issues persons election providing informed on more analyses various day, as resource on preparation, automation, ofelections, poll fraud, election failure lack such C0MELEC's of as included Movement the of CSOs vote Some these election violence, count, among others. and Philippines, EdPhilippines, NAMFREL. Rock forGood Vote Governance,Youth for stations most in both PPCRV, COMELEC's arm, representatives television the citizen had on coverage, hotlines also PPCRV were flashed theW screens. oftheday's

journalists Citizen
journalwas of A positive in of elections thetraining citizen change thecoveragethisyear's 2 While news iststo enable them cover to election-related anddevelopments. ABS-CBN journalists itwas in inthe reportingforthem 2007elections, only hada numberof citizen journalpreparations to orient citizen long-term began the2010elections thenetwork that istsnationwideelection in reporting. "Boto lpatrol (Your Your by to campaign ABS-CBN was Mo, Mo Vote, Watch)" a year-long participatemonitoring conduct the2010election of Filipinos actively in the encourage to journalism. "Boto lpatrol patrollers phones, camcorders, Mo" used The Mo, through citizen journalist, instance, reported for in reportingABS-CBN. citizen One anddigital cameras to presence localcandidate a confrontain Maasin,lloilo.Anotherreported thealleged ofone polling reported crowded candidates. Several tioninTuguegarao between mayoral City two given places, lines, voters, among citizen long vote-buying lack assistance to senior and of others. posted "YouScoop", people vidinwhich GMA-7 encouraged journalism also citizen through during election the they eos photographs and of irregularities anomalies hadobserved and giving period. in and reported, a 0rdinary citizens among others, skirmish Cavite children in voted day. outfliers Tarlac people as during election

Shorvtime
covera Rival networks ABS-CBN GMA-7 notstopthere.Taking cuefromthe CNN did and tools technological fortheir ageof the 2008USelections, dragedouttheirlatest they election coverage. day

DAY COVERAGE ELECTION tr

and assigning of tools in with ABS-CBN reported election updates realtime thehelp these presence", "virtual places where, of a feature "augreporters different from using their to monitor 103-inch screen touch The reality", transmitted reports. network's their mented they graphics accompanied reports, well updates social networking from news as that as showed "Boto lpatrol volunteers, "war staff Mo, Mo" filled with network hada room" also sites.The (STl) did lnstitute which a and tromabs-cbn.com, a teamfromSystems Technology and parallel count. "Eleksyon (Election reports poll and special 2010 2010)"made Forits part, GMA-7's and via monitors two-dimensional threeand delivered touch screen updates were that in of were images, These tools alsoused CNN its coveragethe2008US by dimensional presidential elections.

rivalry Hi-tech
Thecompetition greater for audience sharethroughhi-techpresentations proproved besoheated a news that to gramof ABS-CBN, Patrol, TV criticized "hologram" for the GMA-7 using term toolsit used. The to to refer thedigital program who interviewed experts said what GMA-7 was used only green a that in or setup, which there screen chroma green backisonly camera the one and ground in surrounding person focus the Inusing green I/ isremoved. the screen, Patrol thatonly two-dimensional a said program thata three-dimensional oftheperson image image would produced.The be said "hologram".Patroladded CNN W that be in it a should seen thesetbefore canbecalled "hologram" it was when flooded online with when the hadbeen criticisms it also used term had to reality. then that only augmented ABS-CBN toldviewers GMA-7 refused comment onthematter.

Mike GMA-7's Enriquez Howie and during their Severino station's election dayspecial coverage

it used cretechnology hand, an lnquirerafticle, admitted in GMA-7 thatthe 0n theother giant the The network admitted it indeedused that ated onlya "hologram effect". local 'hologram'was bytheir supused called key". said "the technique "chroma Soho that term qualifiedas a "hologram plier describe special when effect" it the effect" thatthey and to "n0tstrictly holograml'("Battle of networks to holograms", shifts said a thesupplier it was May 15) Ressa chief Inthesame article, and Soho ABS-CBN's News CurrentAffairs Maria then and "helps by visual like aids tables, agreed while technology explain context using that the the good "still graphs, maps" wasimportant thatthenetwork practiced journalismJ' was what

tr

THE CMFR MONITOR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE ELECTIONS

"The Ressa in aninterview W Patrollhat main said with idea here (to)make viewers is our percent look things a new at in light. Seventy-five ofwhat remember is going bethe they to video they Andif it'spresentedthem a way that see. in to thatpeaks interest, their they'll remember itl'

Beyond technology

Granted technology helpdeepen that can audience understanding happening, the of what's but networks not as quick add substance were to when necessary. were There reports areas on the National COMELEC Philippine or the Police had placed under theircontrol, there but wasno explanation howan area localig on or ends in up (such faulty Viewers' thatsituation. complaints as PCOS machines allegations vote-buying) or of were broadcast touch using screens, there but was noadditional information corroborating comsuch plaints why happened. or they Themissing background informationthese in reports audiences look theadditional left to for inABS-CBN's formation themselves. experience poses The showed more that technologyplay really at a election greater "Hatapan" challengethenetworks: among to to, beef their others, up research capacity and special thequickness which with reporters gettheinformation canhelp can that supplement their rep0rts. Tobefairto them, W networks used Twitterand posting updates the in also Facebookin news andfielding reports correspondents. from The networks encouraged also viewers post to their insights comments these and on websites. Videos reports also of were uploaded allfour by networkstheir in gsile respective sites well inthevideo-sharin YouTube. online as as

66

tr COVERAGE RADIO

6 Chapter

COVERAGE RADIO

to in stations response arguments AM by coverage selected radio monitored MFR and than m'reinfluential thatoftelevision print' .ouiO repofting n. even thattheir of coverageAMradio andelections inthe a was There indeed strikingdifference campai$n 'nf whenco m p a r e d t oth a to fo tr'.,me d i a .B utthisdiffer enceconsistedmost|yofAM r ad i o's of amount

a substantial occupied the that ffiffi;r,rg., i*i* found whire erections was AMradio miniof the media, coverage print in and airtime space television, andonline covered' the throughout period mal

were elections andparty-list the Asin also were similarities. television, senatorial there But to limited were and the were, reports commentaries And in discussedradio, if they barely candidates' moneyed and/or theknown

of Scope the monitor

si 1ne dzRB, on 1ne withlgankasama Bosesof programs, affairs and news public Three were ofdzMM' monitored Failon and (001)ofdzBB Tambatang at sanchez(TFS) Roque Lala t9 April to 23' from fortwoweeks, Aprilt2lo tG and of Number rePorts outofthetotal were only covered, 77 or 26'55percent election-related the During period reports ofthe programs. Forty-four 77 erection-rerated radio in reports thethree 2g0news over percent) aired the were 33 while (42'36 week in aired thefirst were (or57.tlpercent) week' during monitored thesecond programs iadio

tr

MONITOR THE CMFR NEWS I/EDIA OF COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL ELECIIONS OFTHE

The bulkof election-related during period onthefollowing: preparareports were the the problems scandals to election tions theCOMELEC, by the and linked automation, the and exodus members Lakas-Kampi to either or LP of of CMD NP Butoverall, number reports thecampaign electionstheperiods the in monitored of on and programs was minimal. Rather theelections, three than radio focused onthecounmore the power try's water and shortage, theattempt acting and by Sec, Agra Justice Alberto to dismiss themurder charges against Region Governor AmpatuantheAutonomous in Muslim Zaldy of (ARMM) acting Mindanao and Maguindanao Vice-Governor "Tato" Akmad Ampatuan, Boses aired most the number election-related with38,followed IFS of reports by with 22, proand001 with17.When comparedtheir news hole, Eoses hadthehighest still to own portion election-related at 34.86percent, of reports followed 001 by at24.29percent, and percent, TFS 19.82 at While and00lusually justtwoto three IFS aired reports Boses election-related in oneday, averaged higher fourelection-related However, were sli$htly with reports. when there days programs anyof thethree radio monitored would n0 report. carry single election-related ln fact,Boses notairanyelection-related onApril16 and23.00ldid notair did report election-related onApril while April repofts 15 21,TFS none. had on CMFR observed 41 of the 77 election-related (or53.25percent) also that reports were programs. aired during second oftheradio the half
IOIAINUMBER RADIO OF REPORTS
350 300
z)v

290

200 150 100 50

N u m b e r o N u m b e r o N u m b e r o Numberof Numberof Total f f f reports reports reports reports reports numberof

a b o u t a b o L rv i c e - a b o u t t about about election. presidential presidentialsenatorial party-list elections in related elections elections elections elections general repoftsu$. nei'!shole

Covenge thepresidential of candidates percent) onthepresidential 0f the77 election-related 25 (32.47 rep0rts, were elections. presidential Lakas-Kampi CMD'sTeodoro themost was covered candidate.Thirteen outof

68

COVERAGE tr RADIO

Nine subject. ofthese as had 52 reports the25 presidential oralmost percent Teodoro their dzRB' of percent) Teodoro fromBoses thegovernment-owned were (69.23 on 13 reports The reports. thirdmost out with by was Teodoro followed Villar seven of 25 (28 percent) with Gordon, six Richard bearer standard presidential was candidate B.Bayan-VNP covered reports. candidates of Covenge the vice-presidential candidates on were 0nly11 reports aired thevice-presidential period. reports theviceon Most monitoring within two-week the vice-presidential B.Bayan-VNP presidential were elections about were (seven atsecond NP Fernando reports).Tied Bayani nominee presidential and viceLoren nominee Legarda LP vice-presidential each. llwith Roxas tworeports Manuel nominee candidates of Covenge the senaturtal in covered theentire were candidates theleast The senatorial reports, period. the77 election-related 0f monitoring two-week percent) onthesenatorial elections. were four only (5.19 were candidates mentioned: senatorial only Moreover, three lll CMD, de Revilla of Lakas-Kampi Jose Venecia Jr. Ramon Pilipino ng Puwersa Masang from both Ponce Enrile, and Juan while most two (PMP). Venecia mentioned with reports was De mentioned once. were Revilla Enrile both and elections. on 00lhadnoreport senatorial Meanwhile, Coven{eof theparty-listttoups were rarely candidates also the of by Ina repeat thecoveragetherest themedia, party-list of programs carried period, monitored radio the monitoring the Throughout two-week covered. reports). (or6.49percent election-related party-list of elections on five only reports the Ang groups mentioned. were: Galing These party-list were four Only 0f the 187accredited pinoy Savings of (ANG LADLAD), Confederation Non-Stock the (AG), Ladlad Party LGBT Ang (1-UTAK)' Koalisyon Transport and Inc. Associations,(CONS|-A), 1-United andLoan party-lists of because links criticized"sham" as roundly have and AG, I-UTAK, CQNSLA been Pam"Mikey" and Arroyo Lubao, Miguel were AG's to the administration. nominees Juan was of Arroyo The nominee I-UTAK Energy ally. first panga Pineda,known a Dennis mayor Air Col. former Force of were nominees membersthemilitary: CONSLAs Reyes. Angelo Sec.

xi

{'*1.'3 W,

69

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

Ricardo Nolasco andNavy Jr, Rear Admiral Uy. allegedly upt0 P60 had George CONSLA billion financial in assets. party-list inalmost ofthewhole 21 episode Boses. was CONSIA Hosts Veaola Ed and all April of Ellaine Fuentes interviewed nominee discussed aims the of CONSI-A Nolasco, thethree and the pafi-list most theentire program. Boses briefly for of While also discussed history sigthe and party-lists theLegislature, ofthecommentary promoting nificance in of most wentto CONSLA. The April13 episode Boses reeked bigotry when Veaola of of derisively the word used "bakla"(faggot) to themembersthegay group Ladlad. to refer Veaola advocacy Ang also of sarcastically thanked COMELECsupposedly the for Ladlad run,"Wasakin allowingAng to pa ang party-listsystem.Walanghiyain ninyo decision, ninyo!",Vezola oftheCOMELEC said (Go party-list aims represent group ahead ruin party-list and lesbian, the system!)The to gay, persons Congress. bisexual, transsexual and in It wasnotCOMELEC, however, approved Ladlad's to run.Infact,it denied partythat Ang bid the gounds it lacked listsregistration in 2007 andagain 2009onthe first in memberc and that , "immorality", thatit was fomenting respectively.Ihe Supreme overturned C0MELEC Court the decision, allowing thefirst Ang hence for inthe time Ladlad s participation elections. Meanwhile,TFS report theparty-list hadno on elections. Themes Most theelection-related has of reports themes related theCOMELEC, Nineteen of out to percent) the77(25.97 election-related were thatbody's reports 0n disqualification ofcanprecinct didates, rules campaigning, its on and absentee voting. clustering, overseas

1A

10 I 6
4
J

1 1

"-lrr r1 l'*l:

".'""'""""',i"{":l}:"-S5:
' ^,-"---""o ,,oo" od't'o
T a m b a l a n oF a i l o na t S a n c h e z r O n e o n O n e H r i t hI o a n K a s a m as i L a l a R o c u e

o"e")""'")"-.-N

70

lBoses

RADIO COVERAGE tr

Election automation a significanttopic election-related since 2010 was reports, the ofthe elections thefirstfully-automated were in Twelve of TT (15.58 elections thecountry. out percent) ontheautomated were elections. groups'-suchKontra (Anti-fraud), There also were some reports about society civil as Daya (PPCRV), theParish Pastoral Council ResponsibleVoting andtheNational for Movementfor (NAMFREL)-calling andtransparent Free Elections forclean elections. Backgtound part, reports thethree programs provided Forthe most the in radio background stoto their percent outof38 of election-related (22 ries. News reports background at 57.89 with were percent(13 17election-related in 001,and77.27 reports)Boses,76.47 in outof reports) percent outof 22 election-related in IFS. (17 reports) However, were a number reports lacked there still of that background. total77 elecOfthe percent) nothave reports during period, (32.47 tion-related aired the 25 did background,

zs, _
,22:

iTlT':1':11T1111*

Hoses

O n eo n O n e W i t h I g a n Kasamasi Lala Roque

T a m b a l a n g a l l o na t F Sanchez

'i:with background r !,tithout background

Fairness/balance percent) neutral. 0f the77 election-related (51,95 reports,40 (36,36 were Twenty-eight percent) positively were slanted a particular for candidate personality, t8 (23.38 or while percent) negatively (The were slanted, tallying system for when allows double counts a report both is negatively positively and slanted.) Boses personalities showed consistent forGloria bias Arroyo herallies, against and and in theopposition known and critics thegovernment, of

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR NEWS MEDIA OF COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL ELECTIONS

While both001andIFShadoccasional foror against particular bias a candidate per0r sonality, was noticeable The there no trend. biased reports 001 IrScanbeattributed in and more personal professional rather institutional policy. to and lapses than

1)

10 I 6
A

2 0
Boses O n e s n l l n e w i t h l g a nk a s a m as i L a l aR o q u e a Posiliveslant I Neqaliveslant T a m b a l a n g a i l o na t S a n c h e z F

n Neu'tral

72

TABLOID COVERAGE tr

7 Chapter

TABLOID COVERAGE

on tabloids the Manila-based issues three for of several MFR selected monitoring wider of because their reporting campaigns elections, on and assumption their that more thanthe the could reach relative the broadsheets, be influencing voters to were, broadsheets was Elections nodifferent National of The by coverage thetabloids the2010Automated news and from ofthebroadsheets thebroadcast organizations. that

of Scope monitor
were (Reveal) Peoples (Forward), Journalthat and Abante Bu@ar Theissues tabloids of paidscant to attention and focused coverage thepopular on candidates monitored their known candidates, thelesser presicontroversial and space the Theyallotted considerable to theissues leading more on lll were in-Benigno Aquino andthefake report hismental candidates involved dential M ri r. healt h ; a n u e l Vi l l aa n d th e C -5 ro a d co n trover sy;andGilber toTeodor oJr isassociation President Arrovo. with former Gloria of on have negative had effects the chances the issues could While focus these the on readers' the to mentioned, nevertheless they contributed enhancing tabloid candidates out unknowns the while well-known candidates, keeping relative of awarenessthealready did public Forinstance, Kapatiran's Carlos losReyes notratea de Ang John of the eye, was line-up thecandidates of a news report was and mentioned when complete only single necessary, orappropriate. 73

tr

THE CMFR MONITOR NEWS OF MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL ELECTIONS

As in theother news media, three the tabloids covered presidential the campaign most during lastsixweeks the election period the (March to May10,2010). of campaign 28 Exactly 1,006 ofthe1,640 percent thetotal out election-related (or61.34 reports of elecpublished thethree tion-related reports) by during period monitored on tabloids the were andabout presidential The presidential the race. number reports and/or mentioning of on candidates more thecombined was than number reports thevice-presidential of on candi(386),thesenatorial dates groups (421), party-list (116). candidates and However, despite large the number reports thepresidential themonitored of on race, tabloids stillfailed discuss issues candidates to what the needed address.There only were to 112reports about development comparedthe350reports the conduct the issues, to on of (candidate campaign sorties, communication strategies, etc.),

Number reports of
CMFR analyzedtotalof 1,640 a election-related reports, Election-related comprised reports percentthetabloids'combined holes 22.92 (7,155 of news reports) thelast weeks during six of period. theelection (CMFR campaign periods.) separated sixweeks three the into two-week CMFR noted increasethenumber election-related asMay neared. also an in of reports t0 However election-related remained reports focused thepresidential on candidates.
(PER NUMBERREPoRTS PER|0D) 0F
450

350 300 250 ".-t* Prfsidential --l-

213
t76 150

Vice-presidefitial

'"'#5enatorlal *Party-list - * t * ' E l e c t i o n s{ i n g en e r a l }

too
50

o :......
F i r s tp e r i o d { M a r c h 2 8 - S e c o n dp e r i o d { A p r i l 1 X T h i r d p e r i o d { A p r i l 2 5 Anril t nl - A p r i l2 4 ) May 10)

74

The People's Journalpublishedelection-related or 24.23 percent itstotalnews 687 reports of (2,835).Abantepublished hole percentof (or22.95 584reports itstotalnews of2,545), hole published reports 20.79 while Bulgar (or percent itstotalnews of 1,775). 369 of hole

TABLOID COVERAGE tr

two in increasedthelast weeks in significantly on of The number stories electionsgeneral on more issued stories fears (April 10) campaign 25 to May asthetabloids oftheelection party-list polls.The on of number stories the of and over failure elections theautomated the period t1 period 29 inthesecond monitoring [April (from grgups increased duringthis also period). 58 to 241to inthethird
(PER 0F NUMBER REPoRTS NEWSPAPER)
1200

1t00

800

f00

q00 t25 200 L05

0 BULGAR
*Presid.:rtial !Vicc-pr.tidelliJl 5enJiorial

in (554) the1,640 stories publishedtheeditorielection-related were of Almost percent 34 for and stories not sections,These were evaluated slant back$round. al andentertainment photos- fromBulgar,58 six publishedtotalof 131stand-alone a monitored The tabloids given N/A evaluation for an All of Abante 67 fromPeople'sJournal. themwere and from background.

candidates of Coveragethe presidential

were inthe candidates tabloids those The most covered groups Soin thesurveys polling of leading who were (SWS) Pulse Asia and Stations cialWeather race, of in For example,thecoveragethepresidential in the was Aquino-who leading thesurveys-was most presidential (575 reports) the in candidate covered And lastsixweeks the elections. just likein the of in Aquino terms coverage of behind closely surveys, (456reports); Teodoro were Villar QaD; andEstrada (r73).

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR NEWS OF MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL

Gordon followed almost percent with (he 50 reports Estrada wascovered fewer than 90 times). Villanueva inthenews times; was 48 Jamby Madrigal, times; 23 Nicanor PerJesus las,22 times; John and Carlos losReyes, times, last were least de 19 The four the covered presidential candidates were the bottom gap and also in dwellers thesurveys. huge The between most the covered candidates least and covered obviously indicated media how perceived candidate-who each should given be attention who's worthy-on not and the basis their of standing thesurveys. in
NUMBER REP0RTSpREStDENTIAT (pERTABL0|D) 0F 0N CANDTDATES

575

126 22 :00 100 0000 Ac*sli]

241 r73 * ''E ,0. 18

9,,

'#"X lr:o: U-' ,j"'J=,* e; ::'-H l

AqLrirlo Dit Los Re r,r: [stracla Gorrir:rt fv1adriF,al Pcrl;rs Tlodorr: Vrllarrr"rrva Villar *AlxrrLl & Bulg.rr
Ptopll'r jourrr:rl TotJl

er g

!o

g:'

It was same thevice-presidential the in andsenatorial races.

Goveragethevice-presidential of candidates
A review thestories thevice-presidential of on candidates showed (L26)andJejomar that Manuel Roxas (l7L), Loren ll Legarda (t2t) were mostcovered. three Binay the The occupied top the three spots thesurveys, in Eduardo Manzano Bayani and Fernando trailed behind 40 andt1 reports, far with respectively, Perfecto Jr.wascovered seven Yasay in reports, often onlywhen Eddie Villanueva,running his mate, alsomentioned. was Dominador Chipeco and (in Jr, Jose Sonza mentioned once were only Abante PeopleJournal, and s respectively), onlyappeared and in period. thelast monitoring

TABLOID COVERAGE tr

NEWSPAPER) CANDIDATES REPoRTSVICE-PRESTDENTTAI (BY 0t{

C h ip e c o

t1 0 fl l1 *4 l1

* Abante I Br"rlgar '-:Pdoplc'3 JournJl t Total

F er t r n d o n

r*

LegardJ

Mitnzano

Roxas

0, nl 5onr;r : 1

:
:
q

11 a2 '
:lt

Y J s Jy

*t';

1
::a::.a::a,

63 ii::
CI

2,,,,t::
J '':::':t'.

4.:,:l li

:t;,,;,'.ttl.;,1,,::',,,-;:;,,.-;

,,.&
:,;::,:,W,.::.
33 ,,til 26
48

Revilla Jr. CMD) , Ramon (Lakas-Kampi

6til
7 8 I (NP) Tamano,Adel
,::r.:r.:)ti1rrr..:r;.r.r:rr:r.1:r:: r:r::1:,:r:11r.:::rr:rir.,: I.r

De Venecia, lll (PMP) Jose (Bayan 0campo, Saturnino Muna) Vicente(NPC) lll Sotto,

ry
10 I1

t,,&

25

tt,,'. l
.ri tt'::l 1r& tr

,'$',

iirl*

23 ,,:; ,: 77

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL

media, the Asin the broadsheets the broadcast and were the most candidates from escovered senatorial popular political parties. Re-electionis tablished and (Juan Ralph Recto, Jinggoy EsEnrile, senators Ponce Drilon, Vicente lll, Franklin Sotto and Miriam trada, pofromwell-known Defensor-Santiago), candidates (Ferdinand Marcos sonof former litical families Jr., Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Venecia De lll, President and DeVenecia GilHouse Jr.), son former of SpeakerJose (both Tamano spokesperson bertRemulla Adel and prominent personalities like opposition oftheNP) and Hontiveros themost were Saturnino Ocampo Risa and for covered candidates theSenate.
AngKapatimn's John Carlos los de Reyes

The Bangon Pilipinas Movements were 25 while those senatorial candidates covered times, of AKP were mentionedtworeports. onesenatorial from Bagong in aspirant Kilusang Only (lmelda and Lipunan covered, only was Paredes joined later and once, Bulgar. in Papin Zosimo Bangon Pilipinas Movement leaving and Kapatiran respectively). Party, after KBL Ang Butnotallthe most won For the covered senatorial candidates in theelections. example, placed (58 second covered, most Remulla times), 16th. only

Themostphotogaphed
Photos would have helped public running in the recognize lesser the known candidates photos popular first fully the automated However, most featured the candidates. elections. Aquino had most Perlas also the number photographs DelosReyes, andChipeco at 40. of were photographed not at all.

l.Aquino, Benigno lll

Abade . 10

z+

li:titiqtm;lia
3. Teodoro, Gilberto Jr.

.10

15
th

40 .::.:..:

T7

1.Legarda, Loren 2.Manzano, Eduardo 3.Roxas, Manuel ll 78

People's Joumal Total tr 10

41

COVERAGE tr TABLOID

elections of Coverage the party-list

116 in appearingonly groups their received coverage, scant party-list nominees and The pafty-list quoted reports. reports the on Most in were seldom reports.They also outof 1,640 (56). Journal in appeared thePeople's system Partylist, GaKabataan groups Anakpawis, Muna, like covered, Bayan Most theparty-list of (Akbayan), Action (AG), Akbayan I Citizen's Party Pinoy and Party, Galing Women's Ang briela gotseats the15th in Congress. groups not did reports theparty-list on media, and Butasinthebroadsheets thebroadcast the behind of,and ofthe understanding significance therationale tothe contribute public's protest represenagainstAG party-list reports thedisqualification on For system. example, groups pseudo-party-list alleged Arroyo other and Miguel son and tative presidential Juan works' system how to been opportunityexplain theparty-list an have could their issues positions controversial and/or 0n to were reports also limited thegroups' The former criticizing Muna's Bayan on For example, administration. the against former criticism on policies.There some reports thepaftywere anti-labor allegedly Gloria President Arroyo's press releases. obvious were issues, mostofthese but stand policy on listgroups'

ilbai$e MUNA) Muna Bayan (BAYAN (ANAI0AWIS) ArakBawis (KABATAAN/ Pa Ka bataan rtylist ! citizen's Party Action (AKMYAN) Akbayan Pinoy Ang Galing (AG) Part) Womens {GABRIELA) Gabriela LBGT (AllG Ang Ladlad Parry I-ADLAD) (I-UTAK) Koalisyor l-United lianspsn (ANG Minero MINER0) Party Sectoral ofAng ItesanggaKaunlaran,lnc. KASAIAGA} sa {ANG (0P0) Network Foundation Pamilyang 0FW-SME ParV TndeUnion Oongess {TUCP}
I

B$lgri 4

Joumal Peopleb 6 4

Total 19
1R

6 4
A

1.1. t0 9 I 7 3 6 6
E

I
a
J

2
J

?
a L

3 3

Background
on especially such background, failed provide to in tabloids Most thestories thethree of report Aquino's on pollautomation, Ampatuan fake Massacre, the and the issues the as stopercent thetotalnumber election-related of of A health,totalof 944or 57,56 mental in reported context. to put ries nobackground theevents had

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

press pattern: candidate Thereports were that A obvious releases followed particular a promise dosomething it if helshe wouldremark a specific on issue would about and to (People'sJournal) onMitra's wins,For example, April an t5 report modernizaagricultural was tionprogram onhisintention improve country's sector. to the agricultural
(PER BACKGR0UNDTABrorD)
1000 900 800
7nn

944

600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Aba te n Buigar sYes tNo P e o p l e 'J o u r n ; : l s *N/A
total

(565). CMFR note many did that reports most contained background However, ofthese 565 reports onthecampaign were lives sorties, alliances personal of candidates. and

Fairness/balance
groups. Outof the 1,640 reports, were 564 biased or against candidate party-list for a or Thepositively slanted reports comprised 14.88percent, 244 of thetotalnews or hole, percent).These compare whilethenegatively slanted reports figures totaled 338 (20.61 with unfavorably themuch lower number slanted reports thebroadsheets W news in and of media monitored, Bulgars number slanted low of reports be section's focus could attributed its news to on general election stories, were which mostly neutral, Slanted reports commonin were Abante (Forward) Peoples published presidential, and which Journal, morenews reports the on vice-presidential andsenatorial campaigns. People's for Journaf instance, a tendency attribute had informationanentire in to article to "Noynoy'dirt"', reported only source. exampleitsApril banner titled one An is which 5 story onRemulla's thatAquino upa security claims his set agency used position theson and as offormer President Aquino getcontracts government Corazon to from entities.The did story notgetAquino's oftheissue. side

80

TABLOID COVERAGE tr

PERTABTOID IN SIANT REPORTS

600 500 400
x Abante r BLllgar JournJI : P{ople's * Total

NeEative

N , l uI r J I

on lournalstory May problem many the reports. People's A in of was Sourcing a glaring bein victory theelections Aquino stopclaiming to were that 5 reported "analysts" telling and from story sourced theNP keptrepeating in he leading allsurveys.The was cause was "analysts" who were. identi{ying these without theterm

sections in Elections theentertainment

pieces s Bulgar, PeopleJournalwere and and Most theeditorial entertainment in Abante, of published columns, a totalof 32I editorials, The tabloids to dedicatedtheelections. three stories. and239entertainment of produced Bulgar (297or more thanhalf thetotalnumber by were majority these of The pieces tabloids). and of editorial entertainment in allthree focused actoron and section, were stories in Personality-driven were the entertainment relationships on politicians Reports thecandidates' Revilla Manzano. Estrada, and Jingoy (with were on were common.These mostly Aquino celebrities also entertainment withlocal Sanchez), Korina (with Roxas wifeandW anchor Kris and sister W host-actress Aquino), (with and (with Pacquaio) Legarda Willie and endorsers Revillame Emmanuel andVillar Sarah endorser Geronimo). Pimentel Remulla, Tamano, aspirants DeVenecia, Joey of Personality sketches senatorial story was also feature on a inthe Peopleslournal'sentertainmentsection.There appeared section. but editorial Alex Tinsay, in Abanfe3 behind) themudslinging and and race ahead who's the discussing horse (who's Columns Aquino also were frequent. Villar between andNoynoy

tr

THE CMFR MONITOR NEWS OF MEDIA ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

Focus the campaign on

The CMFR monitor found thetabloids that mainly discussed washappening the what on provided space reports other campaign and trail, less for important aspects the2010 on of polls the automation process. like Compared the350stories theconduct thecampaign the235 personalitywith on and of produced reports pollautomation 157on oriented stories, three the tabloids 106 on and other issues. COMELEC Stories these categories in two discussed unreliability the of the Precinct Optical (PCOS) Count Scan machines, P700-million folder indelthe secrecy and ibleinkcontracts, delays theprinting ballots. and in of played huge in explaining pollautomation proCivil society role a the cess protecting votes thepeople. and However, efforts the of these by groups the least civilsociety were covered, only20 reports with on in them thelast weeks theelection six of campaign. Gloria Arroyo in appeared L62stories, for heralleged often alliance with Villar, endorsement politician a "kiss death", her of any as of and herinvolvement Lakas-Kampi Party Teodoro's in the CMD and campaign. Many thestories fears a failure elections tied of on over of were plans stay power. to Gloria Arroyo's in alleged to Reports thesurveys on totaled making surveys third 213, the the most covered theme thetabloids. in The results thesurveys SWS Pulse were of by and Asia usually covered. Aside fromreporting results survey therewere several editorials and columns questioned credibility thesurveys slammed that the of and their influence thevoters' supposed on A choice candidates.colof umnbyJulius Babao Bulgaron 15recommended surveys in April that preferences, bebanned their for supposed conditioning of voters' despite SCdecision an declaring banning exit the of surveys limits and Former President onthepublicationsurvey of results unconstitutional. Maglabe's 18 column, Eduardo April Gloda Macapagal Arroyo also Bulga4 in contested survey the results, 2,500 respondents notpossibly saying could represent millions Filipino of voters thecountry-and apparent in in ignorancethesafeof guards respectable firms survey adopt assure scientific integrity theresults. to the of

Other themes
Among most the covered themes topics "political 0r was alliances", especially of lothose party calcandidates supporting national candidates vice and versa, "internal problems and (many anddefections" ofwhich involved Lakas-Kampi candidates). the CMD

TABLOID COVERAGE tr

in mostly the appeared candidates" A total 60stories "Celebrity of on endorsers of national inthe pages. theme, especially were a endorsements also common entertainment Religious lasttwoweeks May before 10.

(PER THEMES rABr0rD)

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The "Arroyo factor"

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-26

Developmentlpolic ; F Vissus Oihers thefiies

ffil&,,,

83

NEWSPAPER COVERAGE CEBU tr

Chapter 8

NEWSPAPER CEBU COVERAGE

Citizens 2010election ofthe 0RTHE campaign, engaged cooperation Ceb-u CMFR the coverage of in to Press Council itspartners themedia academe monitorthe and and purpose to geta sense thecharacteristics of was of thecampaign election.The and press outside inthe of which themost has developed andmedia thatcoverage press a city Ma n ila . andinside The monitoring examined election-related in thefront team reports Cebu the pages Cebu The English-language Cebu dailies Daily News, Cebu,and Freeman of Sun.Star Feb, from newspapers Banatand SuperBalita their aswell those theBisayan-language as of 10to May issues. 10

for Scope monitor English-language of dailies

published theCebu (the language dailies 0f the9,280reports totalnews hole) English by from Feb. 10to May t0,20L0, 2,902 Sun.StarCebu or31 percentwere election-related. with andtheFreeman inthetotalnumber election-related published 1,504 tied reports of published election-related TheFreeman the reports. Daily News had Cebu 794 reports, percentage highest hole, followed by of election-related at 33 percent its news reports of (31.57o/o) Sun.Star (29.30%). Daily News Cebu and Cebu period thenaElection in for coveragethefirst weeks thestart thecampaign two from of positions at 389 reports.This was in tional number down 335 reports thesecond went to period monitoring from fromFeb. to March thenincreased to 388 reports 18 13, again period thelocal March to 27 asthecampaign 14 There for elections started. wasanother

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O ELECTIONS OFTHE NATIONAL

period surge the number election-related asthe campaign in of reports its entered final (April to May month 11 10).
TOIAL NUMBER REPORIS OF
10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 '

9280

Sun.Star Cetri-r

TheFreenan
r Eletion-rlJted reoofi:

C c b u D a i l yN c w s rlr News holr

(PER NUMBER REPoRTS PERToD) 0F

3500 1634 _.._.,* 3000 2500 :000 1500 1000
-----t...i'35_..-

*+911

.*1+sg

500 0
-*-

f,d*sg.
February 10 - 27

e"szsI
Februarv 28

JfJ

;p-3G9
h4arch14 - 27

I..ile
hrlarch28 - April

:*:fx s 4 ))U

*783

fl6--April 11 - 24 April 25 , May 10

r'1arch 13 -{*Frontpage *-41+-'.lnsid pages .-#[lection-related reports ,-.*-. Ner,vshole

86

CEBU NEWSPAPER COVERAGE tr

Placement Most theelection-related were theinside of reports in pages (93.28 percent theelectionof related reports 2,707 or reports), election drew As day near, however, election-related more reports appeared thefront page.There 1,646 on were election-related inthemain reports news sections the inside pages, 56.72percent the election-related The of or of reports. Business, Nation, Community and sections thethree of newspapers altogether contained 1,061 election-related comprising percent theelection-related reports, 36.56 of reports. Ofthe 195election-related on the frontpage, were reports glen banner-story 725 treat(4.31percent the election-related ment of reports) compared 70 second to front-page reports. Becausetheir of smaller tabloid-format Cebu's size, English-language newspapers usually contain tworeports thefront only page, on
NUMBER REPoRTS ]{EWSPAPER) (pER 0F

i800 1600 1400 1t00 1000 800 600 400 700 0 5un.Star Cebu
I Barrner

j
TheFreeman
[' Second front paeston/

Cebu Daily News

rsMain nevrspagee g L-lther Sertions

Focus print Cebu media's coverage 2010elections ofthe prioritized conteststhelocal the at levet, A totalof 7,244 reports devoted thelocal were to elections, percent constituting42.sT of theelection-related anddominatingtheother reports all election-related categories. Electionsgeneral in received second the highest coverage among election-related reports at 34.11percent 990 reports. presidential was or The race thirdat22.T8 percent 661 or reports'The vice-presidential percent), (5.51 (6.51 senatorial percent), party-list (5.24 and percent) campaigns received scant (A coverage.single article be about may more than

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL ELECTIONS

0neelection-related category. example,report theshifting local For a on of alliances with parties counted a report both national was local presidential as on and elections.) Coveragethe localelections of focused the political in hotspots in on tension election northern theCebu South Cebu, Ci$ rivalry Tomas congressional between Osmefra Jonaand gubernatorial between than Guardo, Cebu the bout incumbent Garcia Gwendolyn andchallenger Hilario Davide sonof theformer justice, theshifting supportfor lll, local chief and parties thestircaused Rep. national like Nerissa Ruiz, Mandaue mayoralty by Soon a City candidate turned who Nacionalista announcing support Lakas-Kampi despite her to CMD a fewweeks before.

Inthepresidential attention focused thesurvey race, was frontrunners: Villar Manuel Jr., on Benigno Aquino Gilberto lll, Teodoro andJoseph Estrada. vice-presidential Inthe Jr., contest, prominent subjects.thesenatorial Manuel RoxasandLoren ll Legarda themost were news In contest, 19of61candidates ample only earned forthe coverage.0f 187candidates parthe only 23 appearedCebu's in English-languag organizations $-listelections, about party-list dailies asfewasone asmany 18occasional about party-list. in and as reports the

IOTAI NUMBER EIESTION.RELATED PER OF REPORIS NEWSPAPER

1400 1?00 i000 800 500 400 200 0 5un.5tar Cebu

I Presidential e Partyllst The Freeman I Vice-presidential I Local Cebu News Daily I Senatorial # Eleetions ingenoral

510
388

iLocal (other areas the Philippines) in

Subjects The CommissionElections bya wide on led margin themost as reported news subject in the2010elections 652reports. followed Villar with (373), (365), PNP lt was by Aquino the
88

CEBU NEWSPAPER COVERAGE tr

(361), (303),Teodoro and (298), Cebu GwendoGovernor Cebu MayorTomas Osmefra City (274). lynGarcia (140) news the Except Estrada for who ranked intheorder most 14th covered subjects, of (53), presidential Nicanor received coverage: little Richard Gordon Jesus other candidates (30), (22), (34), Eddie Carlos losReyes de Perlas Villanueva Jamby Madrigal and John groups assuring (19).The (NG0s) civic at a efforts non-government by organizations and Englishwere by and electoral exercise alsogiven ample attention Cebu's clean orderly reports language newspapers, Cebu,whichhad26T onthissubject. especially Sun.Star

(February - Mry 10,2010) 10 COMELEC VittaiManuellr,r(NP),' Benigno(LP) lll Aquino,

Cebu 9tar;.GebuIhe.ryeernan Daily Sun '..

:]..: r.l i..:. :,.r.: l.-r'
.' ..._...-i,,..i,

lbtal
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t. ,ir.,', :,

. ..

Neus . 100 91 92
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338 ', ,!2A.,,.,

214

:: 652 37'3 365 ,361 303 298 274 267 201 ,.!72 149 ::.: 7,+7 143 140
IJO

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152 I '.,,,167: , 116

t2 r
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Ph'rlipiina'National,,Pothe''t':,, . (B0PK-LP) a, 0smefrTomas Teooon;-Gilbei!0.;f {rat<as-:K'ampicMD},, (0neCebu Gwendolyn Party-Lakas) Garcia, I:' : NG0lCivit:soeiety/Civicgroups' Liberal Pafty Ar NP One@,Par,ry. , Lakas-Kampi CMD , :.' 'i ,a G , t o d - .l, . ' ,;

'l tt' ,4L'

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r45
113 116 179 79 . ,.: .,... ,48. : 57 96
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57 , ' , , : 2, , . , 2 45 ',,"21' 28 25 29 ,.,23 " 25

' ery,fO* (PlnP)-1. ,,'

64 , ,:2g, ,,., 61 65
40

,t,

52
A5

(BOPK) Bando Pundok Kauswagan Osmena

llaily Cehr 'ileltg Villar, ManuelJr. ':' * Aenignofil'; Teodoro, Jr. Gilberto ,'',,, a,,to$9i).h, "' Richard Gordon, ., ,,, eerta9.,wicanor, . Villanueva, Eduardo 124
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113

158 t52 116

bc 19
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91 g2 69 23 9

,365 298 140

6?

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DelosReyes, Carlos John

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

Among candidates vicepresident, wasthe most the for Roxas covered (77), news subject 131reports. was with Legarda He followed Loren by (36), Eduardo (23), Bayani (15), Jejomar Binay Manzano Fernando (7),Jose (1),and Dominador (1).In Perfecto Yasay Sonza Chipeco Jr. prominently thesenatorial figured in contest, following the candidates papers: (45 thecommunity Remulla reports), Ponce Juan EnGilbert (26), Risa rile(35), Vicente Sotto (30), Franklin lll Drilon Hontiveros (25), (23), Baraquel Ferdinand Marcos (24), Adel Tamano Jinggoy L (23), (22),Pia (22), Estrada Miriam Defensor Santiago Cayetano Ramon (20),Ralph (20), Revilla, (2I), Emilio Jr. Osmefra Saturnino Ocampo (19), (16), Recto Sergio lll LizaMaza Jose Venecia lll Osmeha(17), de (1 5 ), n u e la p i (1 5 ), ndRufino ( 12) . Ma L d a Biazon

While senatorial NP candidates Remulla Tamano relatively coverage, rehad and ample the ports them on mostly focused their on defense theNP's of controversial standard-bearerVilla with both Remulla Tamano and for speaking theparty. Coverage senatorial ofthe elections by thelocal dailies bedescribedreactive-i.e., those may as candidates came Cebu who only to press press andactively organized conferences were orsubmitted statements covered.

.luiiirtltislt
Fernando, Bayani

Binay, Jejomar

,e$t$ t,

0nlya fewparty-list organizations appeared Cebu's in English-language among dailies, them Alliance Nationalism Democracy the (29 for (18), and oTANAD reports), Kabataan a party-list platform, organization running (15), Ladunder anti-communist an Akbayan Ang (10), (10), lad Bayan (7),Trade Congress Philippines Muna Gabriela Union ofthe oTTUCP (4), Galing (3), (2), Ang Pinoy AnWaray Butil andCooperative Network or (2), Natcco Party (2). Coop-NATCCO ANAD appeared mostly the Freeman, in which featured party-list the organization's activities platform. and In{ighting among organization's onwho therightful leaders this was topnominee helped also ANAD inthenews. land Kabataan, meanwhile, in a local figured goons a vicecontroversy some itsCebu when of chapter members clashed alleged with of mayoral$ candidate Cebu over posting campaign in City the of materials. Ladlad a Ang is gay rights organization was which earlier disqualifiedtheCOMELEC. by

90

NEWSPAPER COVERAGE tr CEBU

FeHuary - May 10 10,2010 Remulla, Gilbeft forietuanP*o Sotto, Vicente lll

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period thecampaign included reports also in the of Coverage party-listsystem early ofthe party-list groups might bereprenot but by accreditedtheCOMELECwhich oncontroversial groups, required law Galing orAG forexamplea is Pinoy (3) Ang marginalized as by senting guards, whose purportingrepresent interest security first party-list but the of organization t0 "Mikey" Arroyo. is Arroyo's Juan son Miguel nominee President

:',::,, SunStar Gebu :'4.'{.'1gr0t0r:, ,,,,, 7 Alliance NationalismDemocracy for and Fh

t:..,..,..,.'.' t x a ! q l a a . 1',.l.'.,' " ' ' , , ' '
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bias of The not that was data does support claim there deliberate infavor a particular the party candidateany the three visibility high newspapers.The in of Cebu English-language 0r in of of rivals, of somecandidates therest their over especiallythecase thepresidential, ofthe vice-presidential may to andlocal contests, beattributed a confluence usualfactors (1)the newsworthiness: standardsthemediainjudging of thatconstitute commercial the (2) impact, thepolicy like 0r story's tendency entertaininterest readers; thestory's to 0r the perceivedhave winning (3) conflict program or and of a chance; statementscandidates to included C-5 the between andNPwhich LP controversy, thecase themudslinging asin of presidential Villar, road that candidate extension controversy embroiled 91

tr

ELECTIONS MONITOR NEWS MEDIA THE CMFR OF COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

Thenes/topics papers' highlighted traditional the TheCebu English-language coverage the elections of activities of about campaign the with to draws elections, more of space allotted stories (882 reports), and of the candidates reports 30.39percent thetotalelection-related or percent). report contain personality-oriented (865reports (One may more stories or29.8L than theme.) one "COMELEC-related which mainly how was about the elecissues", process, thirdwith was body wasadministering electoral the tion percent). number inform(24.78 This includes stories 719 reports pafticularly first the ingandeducating readers about election, the (AES). while Even system implementation automated election ofthe the the that reporting theproblems constraints plagued AES, and on provided informationprepare to them readers newspapers'coverage "C0MElEC-related was by issues" followed the forelectronic voting. "cocKight/'he was and orwho leading trailsaid"'theme, said-she other. were about each ing, what candidates saying and the (19 "Development/policy was with reports percent). issues" fifth 564 stories, number issue-oriented devoting The Freeman themost had of newspapers local English-language more space thetwoother than However, in and forthecandidatespresent plans platforms. their to platforms limwas of allthree newspapers, discussioncandidates' issues. itedto motherhood on statements development/policy Covrose issues erage thecandidates' of stances development rarely on promises. politician's list above traditional the shopping ofcampaign promises more if campaign The reports have become relevant could track and were reported backgrounders with on candidate records governance, platforms. however, treated were for Platforms plans and reports. withgreater depth special in was with on Corruption clearly issue the2010elections, 107reports it in thethree an in asthe Cebu English-language newspapers. however, only theeconomy/jobs lt was, next to issues, most reported (120reports).reporting issue development/policy theFreemanfoIn (82 (51). Sun.Star Cebus cused theeconomy/jobs reports) education Meanwhile, on and poverty (39),and (35).Cebu (47),corruption mostreported issues were election health governance (16).The (24) issue Daily News, theother hand, focused corruption and on on project Road Properties, City ontheSouth a major development of theCebu governland ment, notcovered Cebu was it in of by Daily News, though figured thetop 10 listbecause (23)andtheFreeman (9). of in thenumber reports carried issue Sun.Star that the Cebu (481), followed electionby Reports themes could becategorized insixth on not came that (323),civilsocieg (356),pollautomation related violence/peace order andelecand

92

NEWSPAPER COVERAGE tr CEBU

(253), (310), race ofirregularities andpolls/surveys tions contest/horse (270),complaints period (April (176). four of Focus poll surged on automation inthefinal weeks thecampaign jitters pollautomation anduncertainties theairwith C0MELEC the filled t1 to May as t0) pushed-back and provider deadlines rushing anditstechnology Smartmatic-TlM to meet in violence surged also flash Reports about election fixing misconfigured compact cards, weeks thecampaign. thefinal of and only ln reporting polls/surveys,newspapers to focus ontheresults the the tended the period study, group individuals of were but details leftoutlike conducting study, other the 0r error, and demographics, percentage There methodology, respondents' the the sampling period, methodof that source study, wasonereport though hada footnote indicated that and number respondents, error survey percentage, interviews, of ology using face-to-face level confidence intheVisayas, 'Arroyo careTeodoro candidate reported The factor" theleast was about, administration as frontrunner a Arroyo not being survey his from and, fullydistanced campaign President Aquino received rivals by level attention controversy and the of himself, nothave same did 'Arroyo with their associating rivals factor" included candidates' Reports the on andVillar. PresidentArroyo's appointments. midnight leader then theunpopular and

THEMES NEWSPAPER PER

1 0 0 0- - 900 800 700 600 5oo qio 400 300 J00 100 0 210
tnl '*n1

. 865

{
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i:
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93

tr

THE CMFR MONITOR NEWS MEDIA OF COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL ELECTIONS OFTHE

Other themes received widest that the were defectionsshifts or in coverage turncoatism, parties, 2007elections, church politics, court local alliances national with and the the and cases.
(PER THEMES PERToD)

February - May l0 10,2010 Economy/Jobs ' '" eo,1ii;gionl ';";";' Health Education Environment Governance Infrastructure Povertv Women children and (SRP) Road South Properties

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Background Most thereports provided adequate of were with background percent. theearly At at 94 partofthecampaign period, election-related included the report context show to complex positions local politiandshifting alliances between for candidates running national and cians parties. and Context helped also readers understand trends controverelection and preferences thebacklash sies, such theimpact election as of surveys voting and from 0n candidates were, that coincidentally survey or not, tailenders, Fairness/balance Cebu's threeEnglish-language newspapers generally were neutral theirtreatment in of percent, election-related with news, 2,587 of2,902 out reports,89.15 or unbiased. 0f the papers, three Sun.Star Cebuwas most the neutral a 91.07percent with neutrality rating (974of 1,053 percent reports neutral), (724 were followed Cebu by Daily News 91 with of 795reports), theFreeman 84.35percent of 1,054 (889 and with reports). thecamAs paign period progressed, percentage the reports allthree in newspapers as of biased fell their overall neutrality rose. rating There m0re were (190) negatively-slanted thanpositively-slanted (169)among items the (Areport contain negative against news slanted reports. may a slant a subject a posiand tiveslant toward another subject.) Freeman themost news The had number negativelyof (90), slanted reports followed Sun.Star (53),andCebu (47).The by Cebu Daily News Freepositively-slanted (115), manalso themost had number of reports followed Cebu by Daily (29),andSun.Star (25). News Cebu

NEWSPAPER COVERAGE tr CEBU

rein favorable treatment slanted who The three candidatespersonalities received or top (11), andAquino ports (25 21 were Villar reports, ofwhich bytheFreeman),Teodoro were (23 COMELEC news for observed thefollowing subjects: lll ( 11), Negative wasmost slant (10), (16), (13), Tomas Osmeha reports), (20), Villar Aquino Anoyo and
PER SIAI{T REPORTS NEWSPAPER IN
3500

3000

2500

2000

1.500

1000

500

Cebu Daily News 3 t{eutrai Slanted eTotal

(PER PERT0D) FAr RNESS/BATANCE

900 8S0 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
l tebruary10 - 27 February 28 March13 fvlarch - 27 14 March28 - April10 April11 - 24 April25 - May L0

95

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR NEWS OF MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL ELECTIONS

Cebu $qr,Star Villar, ManuelJr. Teodoro, Gilberto Jr. Aquino, Benigno lll Osmena, Tomas ANAD Liberal Party Legarda, Loren Garcia, Alvin Soco, Glenn Garcia, Gwendolyn Sotto, Vicente lll Guardo, Jonaffan COMELEC Estrada. Josenh Yeung, Mariquita Salimbangon
t,

DaiS Gebu llerc

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l.i: 25
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Dizon, Alvin

Estrada, Joseph

d,:r z

Bisaya-languageies'coverage daiI
96 The monitoring also Cebu team examined election-related onthefront inthe reports and pages Bisaya-language SuperBalita Banatfrom 10to May side of dailies and Feb. 10.

COVERAGE tr NEWSPAPER CEBU

were (or hole), or33.5percent 986 published thisperiod thenews during reports 0f the2,943 SuperBalitaallotBanat. reportsthan more election+elated Super&alitapublished election-related. 30,27 percentitsnews toelection-related while reports Banatallotted percent. hole of ted36,45 of in increasethequantity elecdailies, also a AsintheEnglish-language there was steady and period progressed, a spike thenumbers percentin and as tioncoveragethecampaign 10. periods April to May 11 from monitoring into age thelasttwo
PER OF IUTAT NUMBER REPORIS NEWSPAPER
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 r-000 500

reports I Election-related

:i"Nel",,s lrole

IN PER STANT REPORTS PERIOD

900 800 700 600 508 400 300 280 100 0

,*l
F$1tary10-27 Febrqary2SMarch13 t v l a r c l r l ; 1 - 1 7 t \ ' l a r f t 2 8 - A p r i1 0 l Aprilll-24 April15-h'1.1y10 --** Neutr.ll {-5l.rnted

97

tr

THE MONITOR CMFR OF NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

PI.ACEMENT PER OF REPORTS PERIOD

1:00 ,.* 539 1000 *'466 800 600 400 238

c 543-

"' {F'5*A-' ---.-.---&. .45,9". 290

zs0
0 --*..-Februaru -27 10 Februaru 2S March13 March1;l- 27 I'iarch28 - Anril 10
Hection-related rq)or:s q7

Aprilll - 24

April25 - Ii,lav 10

-+-

Frunt page

.'.-S-' Inside pages

---*-

* . fllri

hole

Placement percent thenews pages (89.96 Most theelection-related were theinside of reports on of period, hole,0r887 reports),thelastfourweeks campaign was In however,therea ofthe page. sharp increasethenumber election-related onthefront in reports of page, reports 0f the99 election-related thatlanded thefront on given percent thenews (25.25 25 were treatment of banner-story page percent (74.74 hole) compared 74 second-front reports to ofthenews hole). Focus the local on LiketheirEnglish-language counterparts, CebuBisaya-lanthe guage dailies level. focused thecontests thelocal on at A totalof 587 reports were devoted the localelections, to constituting 20.69percent thenews of hole,and59.53percent of thetotalnumber election-related Electionsgeneral reports, in of percent received second the highest coverage reports among election-related at24.t4 of theelection-related or 238 reports. presidential came thirdwith204 reports The race in reports, 20.69percent. or Party-list was to coverage lower comparedtheEnglish-languag groups featured, daifies t23 reports 2.I1 percent. a fewparty-list at or were 0nly some repeatedly theAlliance Nationalism Democracy like (ANAD), for which reported was and (1.8 in aboutfive times SuperBalita 18times Banat,The in vice-presidentialpercent) and

98

NEWSPAPER COVERAGE CEBU tr

(A (two may received coverage.single article bein andsenatorial percent) elections scant more one than election-related category.) Subjects in With 161reports, COMELEC themost was reported subject the2010elections news the (L22), (137), PNP Party bytheBisaya-language lt wasfollowed theLiberal dailies, the by governor (99), (103), Osmefra Cebu Gwendolyn (113), Garcia Villar Cebu mayorTomas City (82). (93), NP(92),Teodoro and Lakas-Kampi party (86), the Aquino the CMD among Jhere a notably was disproportionate inthequantity coveragetheincumbents of of share publicity positions.The inherent for incumbents the had advantage thecandidatesCebu major s public in their functions. example, For incumbent Garcia theOne Cebu-Lakas-Kampi Gwen of party a news of was CMD was subject 113election-related while Davide LB a in reports rival fororagainst news in 40 none were subject only reporh, although almost ofthereports biased news lt fortheCebu South City congresthese subjects.wasa slightly different intherivalry case post news having Tomas was sional between Osmefra Guardo. and Osmefra a dominant subject, him. was been written in but reports biased were against Guardo about 99 reports, nine these of in four in a news subject only reports; were hisfavor, 60
TOTAT NUMBER ELECTION.REI.AIED PER OF REPORTS NEWSPAPER

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

241

&i,:s*l#-. h;lw
(other r Preriilential \tice-presidentialSenatorial Farty-lilt r local s Elections generala Local r s r in in areas thePhilippines)

99

tr

THE MONITOR NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS CMFR OF COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE

February - May 10 10,2010:

:,' .'fwarp t1 ;.;',.",,,;,',,.:;: 'eireia;..e ;ao$ii..'.'..,:.

PNP/Police

COMELEC

97 73 90 52 50 55 38 49
AA

'l ',,8rndt 64
;; ,.:,,'16.d,':, J2

...1':lt'

'.:,.

161 137 t22 113 103

.: a. .:.:..:::::

:,1,,,11Q11 , 44 55 43 52 ',:,,.'t ,,'41,'1,,

20

l:.., :Iti:it.ttfil

t,,; ;":,,,,:,:. romat .O;*ana,;;',,:' :

Aquino, Benigno lll

Villar, ManuelJr.

.,

..'.' . '1,,99;,.r::

,ll;

].. rr?:...:!.

92 86 ui 60 54
4b

Teodoro, Jr. Gilberto

rra riiniiiuo.'r,.,..
Guardo, Jonathan

4T
J4

.diieiul d,"'';;;;.:,,,;.:.:''',','.
Alvin Garcia,

31 30
25
z+
a

23 2T 19

,nima;$icrr;;i,.',;,'.,;,.': ;..,,;
B0PK-L|beral Party

46
4J

February - ITay 10 10,l .:: ..... ... .' :::::':. .. :.:.:.:..:::: . .'..:...' Villar, ManuelJr. Aquino, Benigno llt Teodoro, Gilbefto
Gordon, Richard

:;.:.:.a'

I .:4.:ft:i:.r irr.j:

50 .r.
J4

53 52 ,15..
5

103
:. . .:. .':a: :

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Perlas, Nicanor Jesus

viaiq6i'it.Edt . '..,.r.
Madrigal, Jamby

..'.31 2 2
L

:,:,9:

:. .::::...

.19:.,
J

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'

Roxas, ll Manuel l.l.'...''tt'' Binay, Jejomar

27

40 2L 8 . : : : ::'.:::.:
:,,,,',,5:,,t'"t;,1,

iq,
4 ':::;',. ,' t3,. 0
t: i,i-it,:i

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Fernando, Bayani

lb:satin*blQ {.';,;,.;,:;;;,::,,; Sonza, Jose 100

lor,:tr 0 r0r.l

0 0
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COVERAGE tr NEWSPAPER CEBU

l0 10,2010 Sebruary Mry Vicente Sotto, lll Reviila, Jr. Rarnon Remulla, Gilbert Risa Hontiveros,Baraqrel, Estrada, Jinggoy m ,Pi. Adel Tamano, iim,,oanilo Marcos, Ferdinand Jr. .lnan.pooc* Lapid, Manuel
Osmena, Sergio Querubini.Ariei Drilon, Franklin '

supq$li_tr
6

,Ba!!4 6
',t3,..

Total 11 ,8 7 ,7

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6

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iot fucn ""1 Miriam Defensor Santiago, 'oc ;.iatumins

2
:,..1 ; ri ,... _:. r-

February- W 10
and Alliance Nationalism Democracy for Bagumbayan Ang Ladlad . . : : . . . : . ' . . . : . : . .' . . : : . '' ' r::, ,ALU,.TU0p. Bayan Muna Kabataan : ,:l
5
.J

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Themes much from ofthe that papers'coverage elections notdiffer did ofthe The Bisaya-language dominant was theme also campaign covered.The dailies terms themes in of English Cebu election-related of reports 361reports,36,6percent thetotal 0r intheelection-related with personality-oriented (216reports 2L.9t percent), ot stories by reports. wasfollowed This (One more one report belongto than theme.) may percent). were (18,05 "Development/policy was These mostly with issues" third 178reports pronouncements their 1 0 1 to as bycandidatesa way promote intheform policy program of and

tr

ELECTIONS MONITOR NEWS MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL THE CMFR OF

press releases directly cases, outright candidacies in some 0r, the they As camp. a result, lacked backfromthe candidate's ground could their voters understand conteK. helped have that "election-related violence/ "cocKight/'he said"' The said-she and with peace order in were much evidence, 146 and themes also (14 respectively. (15 and reports percent) 139reports percent), dailies, in While was corruption a topissue theEnglish-language governance thetopissue theBisaya-language (3t dailies in was (25), (26),economy/jobs corrupby reports), followed health (13), poverty environment (14), (16), peace order (20), tion and (10). (11), education infrastructure and
(PER PERToD THEMES MoNTToRTNG 0RMP)

Campaign

106

$
pment/I issu Develo poicy es

$,r
violence/peace & order Election-related ' larities reports Complaints/ ofirregu

64 . 50 48
1Z

,p@a
,,i6{tit$g!..':,,:'.,:,
Civil society elections and Other themes

4L 25 39,

1ifru
The factor" "Arroyo

r.

,.$

19 4

Backglound were reports and dailies, to on Similar thefindings English-language SuperBalita BanatS percent 837 outof 986 electionprovided adequate or with background at 84.89 mostly related articles. Fairness/balance treatment elecof neutral their in newspapers generally were two Cebu's Bisaya-language unbireports, news, tion-related with859 outof 986 election-related or 87.L2percent, rating ,to2 ased, dailies' lower the which slightly than English-language neutrality of 89.15 was

COVERAGE tr NEWSPAPER CEBU

llr:t:,
Healfr Economy/jobs Peace order and Environment
E

:a:::a::

31

,lw

16 14
IJ

',

percentage increased percent. neutrality also The progressed, period seemingly as the campaign effort indicatingconscious bythe newspapers a of day to improve to daycoveragethecampaign. rate had SuperBalita a neutrality of 94 percent Banathad a reports in its election-related while rate neutrality of 79 percent. were Most the reports(85 percent) provided of thanthe but background, lower withadequate percent may which dailies' English-language 94 in partly attributed themore limited space to be papers. Bisaya thesmaller

releases Victorious: like Binay, dailies reports the Bisaya-language read press of That of some the biased reports whowonthevice number positively-slanted of by camp validated the from directly a candidate's was presidency (second slant may a (84)over repofts (0nereport contain negative against negatively-slanted (47). fiomleft)and poshad Banat more news another subject.) slanttoward and a news subject a positive who Aquino topped of The reports itively-slanted negatively-slanted thanSuperBalita. number positively- the presidential and race period. (thirdfromleft) of two during reports increased thelast weeks thecampai$n slanted

103

tr

ELECTIONS MONITOR MEDIA THE OF NEWS COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE CMFR

PER SLAI{T REPORTS PERIOD 11{

300

250

200

150

100

,o
Februa4r -27 10 February 28 March 13
March 14 - 27 March28 - April 10 April 11 - 24 April 25 - May 10

-+-Neutral -{-SIanted

PER SIANT REPORTS PERIOD IN

30 z5 20
!3

t5

10 5 0
February 0- 27 1 February 8' 2 M a r c hL 3 M a r c h1 4 - 2 7 M a r c h? 8 - A p r i l
1d

April 11- 24

April25- May 1.0

..{-.Positive -.,tsNegative

104

NEWSPAPER CEBU COVERAGE tr

4 3l 4 Villar, ManuelJr.
a

lrllili*::*l
J

Garcia, Alvin
Davide, Hilario lll

Yeung, Mariquita Salimbangon

The three top candidatespersonalities received 0r who favorable in retreatment slanted pofts (11 party-list eight wereTeodoro reports, of which (10, 10 were Banatl,ANAD in of which in Banat), Aquino (6).A negative was were and lll slant most observed thefollowon ingnews (9 subjects: Cebu mayorTomas City Osmefra reports), (7),thelocal Villar Cebu party City (5), and administration Bando Osmeha Pundok Kauswagan-Liberal Talisay City (4), mayor Fernandez who Socrates came under for brushes thelawA with attack hisson's relatively unknown candidate Cebu vice for City mayor, Palcuto, thesubject four Rico was in positively-slanted favor, reports were that in his

B0PK-Liberal Garcia, Gwendolyn

,i:il:lr$:i*

i:lsilx
2

ii.:*'&t@&i:il
Aquino, Benigno lll

105

RECOMMENDATIONS tr CONCLUSIONS.AND

Chapter 9

ONS D CON CLUSI AN RECOMM.EIIDATTONS

ForGongress
o presidential whoranin 2010, multiple such Because having candidates, as those the of mandate, number candiforanyone geta strong to electoral makes difficult it no those have capacity regulated ast0 eliminate who so dates should more be strictly only campaign asa or using to launch national a campaignareobviously theelection personal platform. may in criteria theCOMELEC's This involve legislationadditional or qualifications. listof candidate and There alsoa need legislationensure election thepresident vice for of is t0 the party prevent usual problems (among president thesame the them vice from to the president's upmerely a presidentwaiting) of with in associated theelection ending as parties. from and these officials different even contending it the and The Election needs beamended rescuefrom changing seemFair Act to to which election to ingly whimsical interpretation provisionstheC0MELEC, from of its by ofthe as has issuing implementing andregulations companions rules election been Act, ,, limit W airtime In2007forexample, COMELEC declared the12O-minute the that , by expended in for adveftisements specified theActreferred thetotalairtime to revised the This however, COMELEC each candidate across W networks. year, all of to interpretation mean each that is entitled 120minutes TV that to candidate airtime perstation. ads

107

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THE CMFR MONITOR NEWS OF MEDIA ELECTIONS COVERAGE 2010NATIONAL OFTHE

provision Inaddition clarifying thatparticular to what means, Act the should be also amended once forallspecify t0 and whethercandidate, after even reaching the a (whatever may purportedly airtime forWads limit it is), in continue appear ads to paidfor byhisor herpolitical party, in supporters,other or candidateshisor her party.

premature The campaigningthatso characterized obviously the2010 campaign should also addressed be through amendment Act would include thecategory in an to the that of premature campaigning in alladvertising bykeepingcandidatethepublic that, a eye andmind, amount campaigning candidate, to forthat

Forthe media
periodic, It is necessary media for organizations to provide in-depth discussions ofthe significance electoral of an in A regular popular exercisestrengthening democracy. and presentation party-list andtheFair period ofthe law Election asa campaign Act nears, forexample, goa long in educating voters, would way Repetitive messages not the do necessarily to be boring mayin facthelpin better have informing media and audiences. Even election if campaigns personality-based, help are themedia could raise level the ofdiscourse refusing publish airnews by to or mainly characterized bycharacter assaspartisan sination unverified, or claims accusations. media The could express and also propose theirpreference political for advertisements address issues, that solutions policy and/or discuss options. Media organizati0ns be more could transparenttheir to audiences disclosing, by immediately the endof the election after campaign, income earned the frompothey gr0up litical paidforthe advertisements. Themedia could alsodisclose or what who advertisementsaired printed. media they or The in could help making thus candidates pafties people to how andpolitical purposes accountable to the as much forwhat and campaign were funds spent, addition helping thecampaign in verify to expense report political parties required filewith C0MELEC. are to the government NBN-4's Teledyaryo's reportage year, in pastyears, this as reflected mepublic dia's skewed concept of information, is obviously which thought besynonyto government mous bias administration with propaganda for candidates, with and which permits or nocoverageopposing These little of views. have assumptions informed the government andinformation period. media system theMarcos since Government-owned andcontrolled media like need seriously organizations NBN-4 to public redefine informationa service provide citizenry as to the information matthat ters it asthedecision-makerdemocracy. to in a Anadministration accountable truly to people the should able airin thegovernment be to network information may that not

108

AND RECOMMENDATIONS tr CONCLUSIONS

the but oreven administration president, to which public to befavorableanincumbent But part thetotalpicture governance society. past and of of is nevertheless as entitled in relationsbehalf closer information to public have of administrations a concept public plans, government policies, and rather information about than officials of incumbent validity wisdom, and over as as actions well discussions their views, media to by the last be The canonly realized opening government system diverse is that But in on which turnis premised itsindependence. achieving independence that study to possible with independence,theneed seriously options thus only financial perhaps a legislated government system from funding sources, media the canassure sales. imposed W andradio on of share thetaxes the to forthe its reiterates2004and2007recommendations media cover partyCMFR in the as voters to its significance towards educating more listelections thoroughly democracy. representative of of the context addressing flaws Philippine confusion theCOMELEC's and over duly the While media covered controversiesmass the of as a meaning "marginalized" result quesof over admitted cluelessness the own, groups party-list they their and/or nominees, didnot ofcertain tions thelegitimacy over of basics theparty-list on informationsuch to the use opportunityprovide citizenry the put of as as the and as it system why hasbeen in place, what letter well spirit theConprovision lawmean. and stitutional presidential some of need elections to devote during the Bythesame token, media given vicepresicampaigns, the and energies thevice-presidentialsenatorial to their in of who, theevent thePresident's highest official theland of being second the dent's the beingboth and incapacity death, or could assume presidency, the Senate's the of of most the as as half body other ofthelaw-making oftheRepublic well thesource campaign, on for Given focus the presidential the candidates president. country's pro-active bythe media direct to electorate attention these effort to thiswillrequire focus need transcend electorate's 0nthe the way they to in campaignsthesame that presidential paign. cam with focus sorties tended berepetitive, their to on Much thereporting thecampaign of public bear somuch only can said, they it, onwhat candidates where said etc.The the have besolely event-orientnot to But on trail repetition. reporting thecampaign does so local and identify issues concerns they outtoproactively ed, Journalists strike could c a n b e i n f o r m e de n o ua skca n d i d a te srunningfor nationalofficeshowtheywould g h to elected, implications they're 0nce which have these issues, usually national address rather limiting during campaigns than helping thelevel discourse election raise of thus questions statements. and it to theusualmotherhood from information various to obtain has media organizations Modern technology enabled from wrong quoting social in While is during election campaigns. there nothing sources

109

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THE CMFR MONITOR NEWS OF MEDIA COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL ELECTIONS

networking likeFacebook Twitter, sites information them from need beverified. and to Thepublic deserves know themedia to how select cyber their sources thatsocial so media participatethediscussions thecampaign. users more can effectively in on The photographs same care needed is when engagingcrowd-sourcing in bysoliciting phones, andvideos fromordinary citizens have who mobile among other devices. lt is notenough media state they for to how could send materials. segments the News devoted the purpose to could interested individuals groups how eforient and on to journalists"well with standards should "citizen fectively become the as as they observe, protocols providing information date, place, among themsuchbasic (e.9., basic as personalities time, involved) thephotographs video on and clips theyrecord that and transmit thenetworks. to ABS-CBN patrollers thestart 2 network train "Boto lpatrol citizen did its Mo, Mo" before oftheelection campaign,This initiative bereplicated sustained media could by and organizations aswell during beyond as election campaignsa means raise media as to the literacy levels thecitizenry, could of which thenuseitsappreciation media, ofthe their role, values standards, and in monitoring performance, media Voter education efforts should reassessed be was especially there scant since coverage ofthesenatorial party-list and elections, is anobvious forvoter There need education to emphasize importanceother the of elective offices addition thefocus the in to on presidential campaign elections. during particularly funded political The of radio role blocKimers, by those candidates govand ernment agencies, should studied be devising towards appropriated forKBP means to journalists regulate DuringCMFR them, a roundtable discussionJan. L6,2010, on the whoattended urged to compel member-organizations identify KBP its to clearly which programs paid bypolitical are for candidates.

110

LIST CANDIDATES OF tr

IISTOFCANDIDATES
(BASED IHE oFFrCrAr 0FTHE UST 0N CoMMTSSToN ETECTToNS) 0N

Presidential (KBL) o Acosta, Vetellano Seinez "Dodong" "Noynoy" (LP) o Aquino, Benigno lll Cojuangco Simeon (AKP) r DelosReyes, Carlos Gordon John "JC" (PMP) o Estrada Ejercito,Joseph Marcelo "Erap" (B.Bayan-VNP) o Gordon, Richard "Dick" o Madrigal, Ana Ma. Consuelo AS "Jamby" (lnd) (lnd) r Perlas, Nicanor "Nick" Pineda Jesus (Lakas-Kampi) o Teodoro, Jr, Gilberto "Gibo" Cojuangco o Villanueva, Eduardo Eddie" (BP) Cruz "Bro. o VillaM a n u e l J r . n n B a mb(N P ) r, "Ma y" a Vice-presidential (PDP-Laban) o Binay, "Jojo" Cabauatan Jejomar (AKP) o Chipeco, DominadorJr, Fuentecilla "Jun" (B.Bayan-VNP) o Fernando, "BF" Bayani Flores (NPC) o Legarda, "Loren" Loren Bautista (Lakas-Kampi) o Manzano, Eduardo Barrios "Edu" (LP) o Roxas, Manuel Araneta "Mar" (KBL) o Sonza, "Jay Yumang Jose Sonza" (BP) o Yasay, Perfecto "Kidlat" Rivas Senatorial (LP) o Acosta Nereus Jr,, 0laivar "Neric" (KBL) o Albani, lbrahim Hussien Shariff "Shariff' (BP) o Alonto, Zafrullah "Noldy" Marohombsar (PMP) o Bautista, "J.V. Larion J.V. Bautista" (lnd) o Bautista, Donato Martin (Lakas-Kampi) r Bello, lll "Bebot" Hernando Silvestre (LP) o Biazon, Rozano Rufino Bunoan "Ruffy" (Lakas-Kampi) o Bong Revilla, Ramon. "Kap" Bautista Jr. (PDP o Caunan, Buenaventura Laban) Henry (NP) o Cayetano, PilarJuliana Schramm "Pia" (AKP) o David, Rizalito "Lito"Yap o DeVenecia, lll "Joey" Jose Perez (PRP) o Defensor Miriam Santiago, Palma (LP) o Drilon, Franklin "Frank" Magtunao (PMP) o Enrile, Ponce Juan "JPE" (KBL) o Espinosa, Nanette Nanette" "Ate Meliton (PMP) o Estrada, Ejercito Jinggoy
111

tr

ELECTIONS MEDIA OFTHE NATIONAL MONITOR NEWS COVERAGE 2O1O THE OF CMFR

112

. o o o o o o r o o o o r o r o o r o o r o o o o o o o r o o o r o o o o o o o o o o o

(Lakas-Kampi) ko" Ramon "Gets Naval Jr. Guico, (LP) lll "TG" Guingona,Teofisto delara Ana Theresia H."(LP) "Risa Hontiveros-Baraquel, (AKP) Aurea Jo"Marcos lmbong, Jo "Ate (BP) L. "Kata" Reyes Ma, Inocencio, Katherine (LP) Ledesma Alexander Lacson, "Pinoy" (Lakas-Kampi) Raul Lambino, Loyola (Lakas-Kampi) Langit, Magat Rey (LP) "Yas" Lao,Yasmin Busran (Lakas-Kampi) Manuel "Lito" Mercado Lapid, Danny" Puz dela (lnd) Lim, Danilo "General (KBL) Abella Lood, "Alma" Alma (PMP) Leconia Jr. Jose Lozada, Apolinario"Jun" (KBL) Estrella Regalado "Dodong" Maambong, (NP) Romualdez "Bongbong" Ferdinand Jr. Marcos, (lnd) Largoza Maza Maza,Liza"Liza ngGabriela" (NP) Blanco Ramon Mitra, "Mon-mon" (BP) Adz Habis" Ganih Nikabulin, "Count (BP) Poblete Ramoncito "Monching" Ocampo, (Bayan Muna) Cunanan Saturnino "Satur" Ocampo, uTootsu (NP) Vasquez Susan Ople, (Promdi) Renner Emilio Mario "Promdi" Osmefra, (lnd) de Sergio Osmefra, lll "Serge" la Rama (lnd) Salvafra Jovito Palparan, Jr."Jovi" (KBL) Papin" Arcilla lmelda Papin, "lmelda (AKP) ll Mendoza Zosimo Jesus "Jess" Paredes, (PDP Laban) la Llana de Gwendolyn Pimentel, "Gwen" (NPC) Galido Plaza, Rodolfo "0mpong" (lnd) Relucio Reynaldo Princesa, "Prince" "Marines" (NP) Oliva Querubin,Ariel (LP) Ralph Recto, Gonzalez (NP) Remulla, Gilbert Cesar Catibayan (ALP) de Maria Rifroza-Plazo, Gracia "Grace" Veas (LP) Malasarte Roco, Sonia "Son" (AKP) Adrian 0rdonez Sison, (NPC) Vicente "Tito" lll Castelo Sotto, (NP) Adel Tamano, Abbas Reginald Balisi Tamayo, "Regie" (AKP) (AKP) Mirasol Hector Tarrazona, "Tatzan" (GAD) Tatad, Francisco Sarmiento "Kit" (BP) Britanico "AlexTinsay" Tinsay,Alexander (AKP) Echem ManuelJr. "Manny" Valdehuesa, (KBL) Hector Hector" Labao Villanueva, "Ka (BP) lsrael lsrael" Nicolas Virgines, "Dr.

LIST CANDIDATES OF tr

Pafty-list (1-AK) ka o 1-Aangat Pilipino (I-AANI) o l-Aani (1-ABAA) o l-AkoBabaengAstigAasenso Inc. Nationalist Philippines,(lGANAP/GUARDIANS) ofthe o lGuardians (I-CARE) for Energy Alliance Rural o 1stConsumers (1ST ng Ginhawang Sangkatauhan MBAGIS) o lst Kabalikat Bayan (I-UTAK) Koalisyon Transport o l-United (1-UTAK)) (1-United Transport Koalisyon Angelo o Reyes, Inc. International of Farmers Fishermen and Federation r A Blessed (ABLESSED PARTY-LISD Agenda, (ACMA) Inc. forMindanao o A Convergence (Emmanuel) CivicAssociation Emmanuel r Aabante (AT) o AangatTayo Guro o Abakada (ABAMDA) (ABANG LINGKOD) Lingkod,Inc. o Abang Inc. Bicol o Abante 0ragon (AB0) (ABA |LONGGO) llongo o Abanre KA) Inc. Katutubo, (ABANTE r Abante Mindanao, (ABAMIN) Inc. o Abante (ATM) Makabansa o Abante Tribung (AB0N0) r Abono (ABOTTANAW) o AbotTanaw (ACTTEACHERS) o ActTeachers lnc. Dreamers, (ABROAD) Brotherhood forActive o Action (ADD-TRIBAL) for-The People forDemocracy Development Tribal and o Action Development,(ADD) lnc. for o Action Dynamic (ALIM) Masses League Indigenous o Action of para at Kaunlaran Hanapbuhay ng sa o Adhikain Kilusan OrdinaryongTao Lupa, at (AKO BAHAY) (ADAM) Dakilang Maharlika Anak ng o Adhikain mga (ALON) Inc. ngMarino Sambayanan, sa o AdhikaingAlay (ATING ngKooperatiba K00P) r AdhikaingTinataguyod towards and Empowerment Action Cooperation Harmony forTeacher through o Advocacy (A Reforms TEACHER) Educational (APEI-A) Enhancement LegalAssistance and for r Advocates Penology (ASAHAN M0) Movement for Children Handicapped and r Advocates Special Peoples Rights Alliance, (A-IPRA) Inc. ng o Agapay Indigenous llocano, (AGBIAG) Inc. Timpuyog o Agbiag! Inc. ng Pilipino, (AGll-A) o Agila Katutubong (ADA) o Agrarian DevelopmentAssociation (AGRI) para Movement ng na o Agri-agra Reporma saMagsasakaPilipinas Inc. ofthe o Agricultural SectorAlliance Philippines, (AGAP)
113

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ELECTIONS NEWS MEDIA THE MONITOR OF COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL CMFR

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r r o o o o r o o

114

(AH0N) Pinoy Ahon Akap Bata, (AKAP Inc. BATA) (AKAPTAO) para Tangkilikan ngmga Obrero Akap Kapatiran sa Kalusugan, (AK) Inc. Akbay (APOI) Akbay Pinoy 0FW-National, Inc. Akbayan! Citizen'sAction (AKBAYAN) Party Ako Agila Nagkaisang Magsasaka (AGILA) Ako sa (AK0) Ako Ayoko Bawal Droga na sa Political (AKB) Party Ako Bicol (AKMA-PTM) PartidoTinigMasa ng Aksyon Magsasaka (AMANA) ng Nagkakaisa Aksyon Mamamayang (ANAKALUSUGAN) Alagaan Ating Natin Kalusugan (ALAGAD) Party-list Alagad Inc. BUHAY) Alay Buhay Development Foundation, (ALAY Community (ABAY PARAK) Kalakal Alay Bayan Malayang ng Propesyonal at Repormang sa (AS) (Workers Informal Economy) inthe Alay Serbisyo Sector (AASCA) for Alliance Advocates Senior and Citizens'Affairs Alliance Barangay for Party Concerns (ABC) (ACTS) Alliance Community for Transformation andService (ANAD) Alliance Nationalism Democracy for and (ARARO) Inc, for Reconstruction, Alliance Rural Agrarian and (ARC) for Alliance Rural Concerns (AFPSEGC0) Alliance Philippines for Security Guards Cooperative (AAMA) Progress forNational Alliance Advocates in MiningAdvancement of in Sector WorkerstheWater Alliance Associations of ofAccredited ( 1-TU (FORMERLY BrG) AAWAS) Bridge andMeaningfulAdvancement Alliance Believers inAttainingAccurate of (ABBA-AMA) Alliance Bicolnon (ABP-BICOLNON) Party of Elders Alliance Mindanao (AME) of Inc. Assembly, (ANUPA) Alliance National Urban Organizations Poor of Development towards Nationalistic Genuine Program Agricultural for Alliance of and (ANG Economic Reform PADER) (AP0) Alliance People's of 0rganizations Inc. People's Poverty, (ARCAPP) Alliance Regional of Coalitions against (AVPAP) Protectors Products Alliance Vigilant of ofAquatic (AVE) Educators Alliance Volunteer of Alliance Transport (ATS) Sector (ALMA) Alma Pagkahikaos sa at lgnoransiya (ALLUMAD) Alyansa Lumad Mindanao, Inc. Alyansa Lumad, (ALUM) Inc. (ALMANA) Alyansa Mamamayang ng Naghihirap (AMS) Alyansa Media Showbiz ng at para Inc. Alyansa mga ng Haligi atTeknolohiya saMamamayan, Grupong ngAgham (AGHAM)-

LIST CANDIDATES OF tr

o Alyansa mga ng Naulila mga ng Tagapaganggot (ALNA) ngBayan o Alyansa OFW (ALYANSAOFW) ng Parry NG o Alyansang Bayanihanmga ng Magsasaka, Manggagawang-Bukid at Mangingisda (ABA) o AnWaray WARAY) (AN o An a k i n d a n aoMIN ) (A M o Anakpawis(ANAKPAWIS) r AngAgrikultura lsulong Natin (AANt) o AngAsosasyon Mangunguma Bisaya-Owa Sang Nga Mangunguma, Inc. (AAMBTS-oWA) r Ang Assosiasyon Trabahador ngmga (ANG at pahinante TRABAHANTE) o Ang Galing (AG) Pinoy o Arroyo, Miguel Gating (AG)) (Ang Juan Pinoy para o Ang Kalusugan sa Pinoy, (AKAP) Inc. o Ang Kapisananmga ng (AKSI) Seaman o Ang Laban Indigong ng (ALtF) Filipino r Ang Ladlad LBGT (ANG Party LADLAD) o Ang (AMA) Mata'y Alagaan o Ang National Coalition Indigenous on (ANG People's Action NlCp) o Ang Partido Demokratiko (ANG Rural PDR) para o Ang Samahan saMagandang (ANG Kabuhayan SAMAKA) pinoy o AngTagapagaguyod salkauuntad mga ngSikap (ANG ng TStNOy) r AngTao (ATAMBAY) Muna Bayan at o AngatAting Kabuhayan Pilipinas, (ANAK) Inc, o Angkan Katutubo, (AKl) Inc. o AntiWar/ AntiTenor Mindanao Peace (AWAT) Movement o Arts Business Science and Professionals (ABS) r Asosasyonmga ng Maliliit Negosyanteng na (AMANG) Gumaganap o AssociationRighteousness in Leadership for Advocay (ARAL) o Association ofAdministrators, ProfessionalsSeniors (AApS) and r Association of Laboren Employees (ALE) and o Association of Philippine Electric (ApEC) Cooperatives r Atong (ATONG Paglaum PAGLAUM) para o Babae sa Kaunlaran (BABAE M) o Bago National Culturat Society thephitippines (BAG0) of o Bagong Bayan Nagtataguyod na ngDemokratikong ldeolohiyaLayunin (BANDILA) at r Bagong (BH) Henerasyon o Bagong Koalisyon Nagkakaisang ng samahan sektor sa ngliansportasyon (BANG0N TRANSP0RT) o Barangay (BANAT) Natin o Batang saDroga lwas Foundation, (BIDA) Inc. o Bayan (BAYAN Muna MUNA) o Bayani (BAYANI) o Bigkis Pinoy (BlGKtS) Movement 11s

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THE MONITOR NEWS MEDIA ELECTIONS CMFR OF COVERAGE 2O1O OFTHE NATIONAL

. o r o o o o r o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r o o r o o o o o o o o o o o
116

para (BlNHl) Binhi: Partido mga ng Magsasaka samga Magsasaka na Inc. Binigkis Interes mga ng DrayberAdhikain, (BIDA) sa (BIYAHENG Biyaheng LaborAssociation, Pinoy Inc. PINOY) Biyayang (BUKID) Bukid (BUHAY) HayaanYumabong Buhay Butil Farmers (BUTIL) Party (CHlN0Y) for Employment Champions Innovative Power Movement, (CPM) Inc, Citizen (CIBAC) Battle Citizens' against Corruption Inc. CITIZENS) of in CoalitionAssociations ofSenior CitizensthePhilippines,(SENlOR Inc. Federation, (COCOFED) Cocofed-Philippine Producers Coconut Inc. FarmersAssociation Lanao Norte, (COFA) Del Coconut of Linamon, Inc. Associations,(CONS|A) Confederation of Non-Stock Savings Loan and Natcco Network (C00P-NATCC0) Cooperative Party Damayan AlliancetheAging Disabled Filipinos, (DAMAYAN) Inc. of & Democratic IndependentWorkers' Inc. Association, (DIWA) (FlL-MUS) Filipino Muslim Organization Firm 24-KAssociation, (24-K) Inc. Firm (lst First People's Representative For Indigent StudentAthletes PRISA) (FFW) Free Workers Womens (GABRIELA) Party Gabriela llagan, (GABRIELA) Luz Maza, (GABRIELA) Liza (GREEN FORCE) Force fortheEnvironment-Sons Earth Green of andDaughtersMother (IVAP) ltenerant Vendors AlliancethePhilippines of (KLBP) Kababaihang Bayan Pilipinas Lingkod sa (KABAYAN) ng Kabalikat Mamamayan (KABATAAN) Kabataan Partylist (BUKLOD Kabukluran ngmga Kababaihang saTimog Katagalugan FILIPINA) Filipina Kalahi Pafty sectoral (MLAHI) Kalinga-Advocacy Empowerment Nation forSocial Building through Easing and (MLINGA) Poverty,Inc. Kapatiranmga ng NakulongWalang (MKUSA) na Sala KasangSaKaunlaran, (ANG sa Inc. MSANGGA) Kasosyo Producer-Consumer Association, (AA-MSOSYO Exchange Inc. PARTY) (MAKBAY) Katipunan mga ng Anak Bayan Filipino ng All Democratic Movement Katribu Indigenous People's Sectoral (KATRIBU) Pafty (KAAGAPAY) KaunlaranAgrikultura, ng Asensadong Probinsya ngBayan Angat (KASAPI) ng KoalisyonKatutubong Samahan Pilipinas ng LPG Marketers Association, (LPGMA) Inc. (NCCP) National Council Commuters for Protection (I-AHAPO) Advocacy Health, One for Progress Opportunity and (l-NEl) Nation Empowered One byTechnology

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Nation-Building Onward forGood of RegionalAdvocates Governance 6rganization (0RAG0N) (0P0) Foundation Network OM-SME Pamilyang Party Coalition (PEP) Parents Enabling Parents (MTUTUB0) Pilipino ng Partido Katutubong (PM) ng Partido Manggagawa Inc. Nationwide,(PM) Masda Pasang (PFP) PartY Freedom Peoples - Urban-PoorYouth and AdvancementWelfare for AssociationCountry Pilipino (PACYAW) Inc. Leaders, (PCL) Change on Pro-ActiveClimate (PBA) ng Puwersa BayaningAtleta Inc. Foundation, (SAGIP) Kapwa Sagip (ANG MINERO) Minero Party Sectoral ofAng (SABQD) ofthe Association Philippines Tillers and Farmers Land Small (SMART) and Reform Transparency for Movement Active Social (SB) Movement Barangay Sulong! lnc. 0f The Association Phil', (For Country People) & Loyalist God Marcos TheTrue (BANTAn PartY Congress (TUCP) Trade Union PILIPINAS) Dakila Layunin ngNagkakaisang atAdhikaing (UNLAD Ugnayan Alliance Neo-Conservatives of Formerly ang Una Pamilya ANC) (1 ANG FoRMERLY PAMILYA (UCAP) ofthe Association Philippines Keepers and Caddies Green United (UFS) Seafarers Filipino United Inc. Drugs MovementAgainst Foundation, (UNI-MAD) United PARTY Party of Alliance Philippines (VENDQRS LIST) Vendors Traders and Party Freedom (VFP) Veterans Inc.(WOMENPOWER) Womenpower, WE Inc. We Yes Can, (YES CAN) (YACAP) and Conuption Poverty You Against (LYPAD) for and League Peace Advancement Youth

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ABOUTTHE FOR CENTER MEDIA FREEDOM RESPONSIBILITY AND tr

ABOUTTHE CENTER MEDIA FOR FREEDOM RESPONSIBITITY AND

The Center Media for FreedomResponsibility addresses of thecritical (CMFR) & one concerns thepost-Marcos That in era. concern attention thepower themedia calls to of and press thedevelopment therole thefree of in of Philippine democracy. press Allover world, the freedom been has essential thedemocratic to system. Effective participatory government is possible when cancount a well-informed only it on society where individuals exchange freely ideas, public and debate discussion froma and arise knowledge understanding and of national affairs, That freedom involves onlymedia professionals, alsothe public not but served the by media-public officials, private the sector, society, civil readers, viewers, listeners-who and receive information arepart thecycle public and of of communication. Butfreedom the of press, allliberties, itslimits, like has forthe simple reason it isvulnerable that to abuse. Democratic recovery confronts serious obstacles themedia on front. press themeThe and dianeed exert to special efforts measure asa collective to up vehicle information, of and asan instrument clarifying complex for the issues dilemmas development the and of that public should understand. Against background, wasorganized1989as a private, this CMFR in non-stock, non-profit organization involving different the sectors society thetask building thepress of in of up and news media a pillar democratic as of press society, programs lts promote uphold freedom, jou lism, ndencou jou listic lence. responsiblerna a rage rna excel

0bjectives
o o o r o journalists press Toprotect and freedom Toestablish a frameworkresponsibility ethics thepractice thepress of and in of Toraise levels competencecoveragespecial of for of areas news of journalistic Topromote excellence Toengage different sectors society thegrowth a quality of in press the of in Philippines

www.cmfr-phil.org

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