CHAPTER 3

PROJECT ATTRIBUTES
Project Brief:
Spike Technologies is a software company situated on Whitefield - Bangalore. M/s Equis India is the project management consultants and M/s KNK Swamy and Co. is the contractors for the building project.

3.2.1 Project Details:

Name of the project Total Site area Built up area Number of Floors Total Project Duration Civil works Duration : : : : : : Spike Technologies 2.33 acres X 43,560= 1,01495 Sft. 49,000 Sft Ground + First and Second Floors 6 Months 4 Months

3.2.2 Project Schedule:

Firstly, the project schedule was prepared by the Equis India (Project Management Consultancy) according to the clients objective and requirements at the time of bidding process. The total project duration was 233 days (includes inception stage to completion stages). In that, super structure duration was 108 days. The schedule contains different types of activities with different durations based on their nature of work and quantities calculated from drawings. The schedule is shown in the fig. 3.1.

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3.3 Manpower Required:

The resources manpower required for any given activity is calculated as. Manpower required per day Where as Total quantity of work: The quantity of work required to calculate manpower was calculated for different works based on the drawings and tender document of the project. Manpower Output: Manpower output is the output quantity i.e. the quantity of work which can be done per day per person considering all safety and quality measures as required by client. This was calculated based on the IS: 7272 (part I 1974) recommendation for labour output constants for buildings work and also considering views based on the experiences and thorough technical knowledge, of many project managers, architects, engineers and many contractors who are experts and working in this field for many years. Some of the output constants for various types of activities are shown in table 3.1. The study is limited to these activities only under normal working and site conditions. Table 3.1 Manpower output constants for different labours
Activity 1. Unskilled (incl. Excavation, transportation) Excavation 1.5 M3 0.2 M3 6.0 M2 0.2 MT - PCC and Concrete 2. Carpenters (for all activities) 3. Barbenders (for all activities) (incl. Cutting, bending, fabrication, transportation etc.,) 4. Masons (includes shifting of materials with in the site, wetting in water and dressing in SSM) Size stone masonry Block Masonry 0.9 M3 6.0 M2 6.0 M2 8.0 M2 10.0 M2 Labour output per day

Total quantity of work = Duration in days x Unit Manpower Output -------- (3.1)

- Plastering 5. Painters (incl. Preparatory works as required)

The quantities calculated for some of the activities shown below.

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Total quantity of work Manpower required per day = Duration in days x Unit Manpower Output ----- (3.2)

Based on the total quantities (obtained from BOQ/drawings), total duration (as per schedule) and output constants, manpower required have been computed for various activities as shown in table 3.2. The following example illustrates the computations carried out for these activities. Similarly, the quantities have been computed and presented in table 3.2. Example computations: The example has been carried out for footing. 1167 12 x1.5 60 10 x0.2 100 10 x0.2 192 10 x6 18.36 10 x 0.2

Unskilled =

= 65 numbers for Earth work Excavation

Unskilled =

= 30 numbers for PCC

Unskilled

= 50 numbers for concrete

Carpenters =

= 4 numbers for shuttering

Barbenders =

= 10 numbers for reinforcement

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Table 3.2. Quantities for various activities Sl.No. 1 Activity Footing Excavation(5) PCC(6) Carpenters(8) Barbenders(7) Concrete(9) Columns up to Plinth Level Carpenters(11) Barbenders(10) Concrete(12) Plinth Beams Size Stone Masonry(13) Carpenters(15) Barbenders(14) Concrete(16) Columns up to GF slab Carpenters(18) Barbenders(17) Concrete(19) PCC below floor(21) Ground Floor Slab Carpenters(22) Barbenders(23) 7 Columns up to FF Slab Carpenters(28) Barbenders(27) Concrete29) First Floor Slab Carpenters(30) Barbenders(31) Columns up to SF Slab Carpenters(36) Barbenders(35) Concrete(37) 10 Second Floor Slab 41 1655.64 51.2 M2 MT 10 10 6.0 M2 0.2 MT 28 26 75.71 579 20.92 56.61 M3 M2 MT M3 8 7 7 7 0.9 M3 6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3 11 14 16 40 1167 60 192 18.36 100 M3 M3 M2 MT M3 12 10 10 10 10 1.5 M3 0.2 M3 6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3 65 30 4 10 50 Total Quantity Unit Duration in Manpower Days Output Manpower Required

210.96 9.86 24

M2 MT M3

9 9 9

6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3

4 6 14

5 6

313.69 12.86 34 162.3

M2 MT M3 M3

10 7 10 12

6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3 0.2 M3

6 10 17 68

313.69 12.1 34 2003.89 55.6

M2 MT M3 M2 MT

7 7 7 10 10

6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3 6.0 M2 0.2 MT

8 10 24 34 28

289.69 11.8 34

M2 MT M3

6 6 6

6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3

8 10 28

Carpenters(38) Barbenders(39) 11 OHT Carpenters(43) Barbenders(43) Concrete(43) 12 Lift Machine Room Carpenters(44) Barbenders(44) Concrete(44) 13 Masonry Work Ground Floor(48) First Floor(49) Second Floor(50) Terrace(45) 14 15 Terrace Water Proofing(46) Wall Plastering (Internal) Ground Floor(52) First Floor(53) Second Floor(54) External Wall Plastering(56) Paint(57) UG sump Carpenters(58) Barbenders(58) Concrete(58) Toilet water proofing 19 coat(62)

1643.89 51.8

M2 MT

10 10

6.0 M2 0.2 MT

28 26

81.88 3.6 10.97 80.83 3.8 14.5

M2 MT M3 M2 MT M3

15 15 15 15 15 15

6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3 6.0 M2 0.2 MT 0.2 M3

2 2 4 2 2 5

1223.5 1442.3 1154.5 257.94 1536

M2 M2 M2 M2 M2

15 15 10 5 12

8.0 M2 8.0 M2 8.0 M2 8.0 M2 8.0 M2

10 12 14 6 16

1835.25 2313.45 1581.75 2895 7750

M2 M2 M2 M2 M2

16 16 10 17 15

8.0 M2 8.0 M2 8.0 M2 8.0 M2 10.0 M2

14 16 20 22 52

16 17 18

289.69 4.60 20.912 48

M2 MT M3 M2

25 25 25 10

6.0 M2 0.2 M3 0.2 M3 8 M2

2 2 2 2

Note: The numbers shown in bracket in above table refers the activity number presented in the schedule

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3.4 Cost:
The total cost of the project has been divided into two types namely, direct cost and indirect cost. The direct cost and indirect cost of the project are shown in table 3.3.

3.4.1 Direct Costs:

Direct project costs are those expenditures, which are directly chargable to and can be identified specifically with the activities of the project. These include labour cost, material cost, equipment cost, transportation cost etc. the costs presented in table 3.3 and 3.4 have been obtained from actual expenditures incurred for the execution of the project. It can be observed that from table 3.5 the labour component varies from 6%-14% of the total direct cost. Labour cost is very nominal in the three months of the project, where as in the fourth month it has increased mainly due to more number of parallel activities including the finishing items. The equipment cost varies about 4%-3% of the total direct cost. It can be observed that this cost is incurred in the beginning and at the end of the project due to the specific nature of jobs namely, excavation and road works etc. The materials constitute a major portion about 81%-94% of the total direct cost. The cement and steel normally constitute about 34% of the total cost. In the project under consideration all the materials were procured in advance and material advance was claimed. The client directly supplied all the cement, steel and RMC. RMC was used mainly for slabs and of the footings concrete.

3.4.2 Indirect Costs:

Indirect costs on a project are those expenditures, which cannot be apportioned clearly allocated to the individual activities of a project, but are assessed as whole. The indirect cost includes the expenditure related to administrative and establishment charges, overhead, supervision, expenditure on a central store organization, loss of profit, loss of revenue, penalty etc.

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From the fig.3.3, it has been observed that there is a gradual increase in the indirect cost mainly due to providing more number of facilities and maintenance/house keeping of site. When combined direct cost and indirect cost cumulatively, an S curve has been arrived with steep increase up to the 3rd month as shown in fig. 3.4.

Table 3.3. Direct Cost for various activities as per the site documents for the duration of the project. Sl. No. 1 Item Labour Skilled Semi Skilled Un Skilled 2 Equipments JCB & Tractors 3 Materials Cement Steel RMC Sand Aggregates Centering & Shuttering Blocks Transportation Miscellaneous (ATT, Shalitex board, PVC pipes, Diesel, Petrol, SSM, Bricks, Doors etc.) Total 286200 799807 644725 105390 169884 800000 150000 190800 4182126 1126312 122025 163416 1100000 90000 175000 159000 1005895 1122112 142500 64900 1500000 435600 150000 493800 165990 74008 504000 250000 150000 75000 109025 107220 44700 215075 123600 110000 194250 51120 87200 200200 63840 16900 February March April May

84000

104000

63000

127000

3450951

7702354

4975577

1970738

Table 3.4. Indirect Cost for various activities as per the site documents for 44

the duration of the project.

Sl.No. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Supervision Temporary Infrastructure Office expenditure Conveyance Water Accommodation Medical facilities Miscellaneous (Generator rent etc.) Total

February 107000 65000 45000 75000 80000 25000 2500 54000 453500

March 108500 300000 100000 87500 25000 2500 54000 677500

April 108500 350000 150000 95000 25000 2500 54000 785000

May 83500 300000 100000 112500 25000 2500 54000 677500

Table 3.5 Direct Cost of project interms of percentage for corresponding month. Sl.No. 1 2 3 Item Labour Equipments Materials February 7.56% 4.35% 88.09% March 5.83% 94.17% April 6.68% 93.32% May 14.25% 3.81% 81.94%

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The direct cost and indirect cost fig.s are shown below.

8000 000 7000 000

Cost (Rs)

6000 000 5000 000 4000 000 3000 000 2000 000 1000 000 0 0 1 2
T e (M n s im o th )

Fig. 3.2. Plot showing Time (Months) Vs Direct cost

1000000 800000
Cost (Rs)

600000 400000 200000 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 Tim (Months) e

Fig. 3.3 Plot showing Time (Months) Vs Indirect cost

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The cumulative cost is shown in following table 3.6. Table 3.6 cumulative cost of the project
Time(Months) Cumulative Cost(Rs.) 0 0 1 3809051 2 11284305 3 18139882 4 20713120

25 000000 Cumulative Cost (Rs) 20 000000 15 000000 10 000000 5000 000 0 0 1 2 T im e ( M o n th s) 3 4

Fig. 3.4 Plot showing Time (Months) Vs Cumulative cost

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Further, the total cost on monthly basis and also cumulative basis is shown in table 3.7 and the same has been plotted in fig. 3.5 to compare the effect of monthly costs on cumulative cost. The values of cost/month and cumulative is shown in following table.3.7. Table 3.7 cost/month and cumulative cost.
Month Cost/Month Cumulative Cost Feb.'04 3809051 3809051 Mar.'04 7475254 11284305 Apr.'04 6855577 18139882 May.'04 2573238 20713120

25000000 20000000 15000000 10000000 5000000 0

Fe b

Cost(Rs)

20713120 18139882

11284305 7475254 38090513809051 6855577 2573238

M ar .'1 1

Cost/Month Cumulative Cost

Duration(Months)

Fig. 3.5 plot showing comparison of cost/month and cumulative cost.

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M ay .'1 1

Ap r.' 1

.'1