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28

Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued)

Electrical Tests
All WAGO products meet the requirements of the following electrical tests.

Temperature-rise test according to IEC/EN 60947-7-1, IEC/EN 60998-1, IEC/EN 61984

The temperature-rise test is necessary to test the terminal block as a whole, including the insulation housing at rated current, at overload and under short circuit conditions. Unless otherwise specified in the related equipment specification, e.g. by specifying the nominal currents of the equipment, terminal blocks and connectors are tested with the current loads as specified in the respective construction specification. For rail-mounted terminal blocks acc. to IEC 60947-7-1/EN 60947-7-1/VDE 0611 part 1 and terminal blocks acc. to IEC 60998-1/EN 60998-1/ VDE 0613 part 1 the temperature rise shall not exceed 45 Kelvin. Connectors must withstand the upper and lower values of the temperature range as specified in the detailed specification or manufacturers specification. The sum of the ambient temperature and temperature rise of a connector shall not exceed the upper temperature limit. The test is performed with the rated current selected from the current-carrying capacity curve acc. to IEC 60512, test 5b depending on the ambient temperature.
Measuring point Voltage drop
10 mm

Temperature measurement

Measuring point Voltage drop

10 mm

It
Test arrangement of the temperature-rise test acc. to IEC/EN 61984

Test arrangement of the temperature-rise test acc. to IEC/EN 60947-7-1

Rated cross section

Test current acc. IEC/EN 60947-7-1 60998-1 Table 4 Table 2

Wire size

Test current acc. IEC/EN 60947-7-1 Table 5

mm2 0.2 0.34 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.0 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300

A 4 5 6 9 13.5 17.5 24 32 41 57 76 101 125 150 192 232 269 309 353 415 520

A 4 5 6 9 13.5 17.5 24 32 41 57 76 101 125

AWG/MCM 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 0 00 000 0000 250 kcmil 300 kcmil 350 kcmil 500 kcmil 600 kcmil

A 4 6 8 10 16 22 29 38 50 67 90 121 139 162 185 217 242 271 309 353 415 520

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Current-carrying capacity curve (derating curve) according to IEC/EN 60512-5-2

Both the constructional requirements and the current-carrying capacity of a connector must be checked by the user when selecting connectors. The current-carrying capacity depends on the cross section of the connected wire, the ambient temperature, the number of simultaneously loaded poles, the internal resistance of the connector, the PCB layout if required and the connector materials used. In accordance with the IEC/EN 60512-5-2 standard, the relation between the current, the ambient temperature and the temperature rise up to the upper temperature limit of the connector is represented by a current-carrying capacity curve (derating curve). The connector shall only be operated up to this temperature limit (sum of the self-generated heat and the ambient temperature) without being damaged or destroyed during operation. The way a current-carrying capacity curve (acc. to IEC/EN 60512-5-2) works is shown in the following application using the X-COM-SYSTEM: the basic curve of a 4-pole connection charged with 32 A per pole shows a maximum ambient temperature of 37C using a conductor of cross section 4 mm2 (AWG 12). The current must be reduced at higher ambient temperatures (e.g., to 17 A at 80C). Current curves are available on request or at www.wago.com

Test current (A)

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ambient operating temperature (C) Rated current of the conductor 2 poles 4 poles 5 poles 6 poles 10 poles 12 poles 15 poles

Headers with straight solder pins 1-conductor female plugs: Cross section of conductor: Length of the conductor:

769-632 to 769-645 769-102 to 769-115 4 mm2 (AWG 12) 1m

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Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued)

Electrical Tests (continued) Voltage drop test according to IEC/EN 60947-7-1
The voltage drop test allows judgement of the quality of a clamping unit under vibration, temperature cycling, industrial climate and salt spray conditions in order to verify that the contact area is gastight. The CAGE CLAMP and CAGE CLAMPS connections enclose and contain flexible conductors. Therefore, a variation of the voltage drop with solid and fine-stranded conductors is so small that its influence may be neglected for the practical application of the terminal blocks.

1 I 10 Prf

Test arrangement for the voltage drop test

Example: Current load cycling test result for Combi PCB terminal blocks with IDC and push-wire The change of voltage drop over longer periods under current load cycling conditions is shown for the Combi PCB terminal blocks 251-3xx using solid copper wires. The diagram shows that the voltage drop is constant, far beyond the 192 cycles required in IEC/EN 60998-2-2.

IDC connections using 0.5 mm2 (AWG 20) solid copper wire

__ _ __ >

24 22

Voltage drop per clamping unit in mV

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 48 96 144 192 240 288 336 384 432 480 528 576 624 672 720 768 816 864 912 960 1000

Cycles (1 cycle: 0.5 h 6 A / 0.5 h 0 A)

Cl. unit 1 Cl. unit 2 Cl. unit 3 Cl. unit 4

Push-wire connections using 0.5 mm2 solid copper wire

24 22

Voltage drop per clamping unit in mV

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 48 96 0 144 192 240 288 336 384 432 480 528 576 624 672 720 768 816 864 912 960 1000

(The voltage drop has been determined using the rated current)
Cycles (1 cycle: 0.5 h 6 A / 0.5 h 0 A)
Cl. unit 1 Cl. unit 2 Cl. unit 3 Cl. unit 4

__ __ __ >

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Short-time withstand current test (short-circuit withstand capacity) according to IEC/EN 60947-7-1
Apart from the rated current, which can be constantly applied to an electrical device, operation-related short peak currents consistently occur in electrical installations when motors are started, for example. Also, in the event of a short circuit, a high current can flow for a short time until the fuse element melts. Terminal blocks and connecting devices must be able to withstand such conditions. For example, a rail-mounted through terminal block shall be capable of withstanding for 1 s the rated short-time withstand current which corresponds to 120 A/mm2 of its rated cross-section, in accordance to IEC/EN 60947-7-1.

Test specimen

The short circuit current of the 95 mm2 / AWG 000 high current terminal block (item No. 285-195) is 11400 A.

The short circuit current of a 2.5 mm2 / AWG 12 connector (Series 231, 721) is 300 A.

Measuring point

ICS

ICC

Measuring point VCC

During the short-time withstand current test, the ground (earth) conductor railmounted terminal blocks are subjected three times for 1 s each to a current load of 120 A/mm2. The voltage drop is the main factor for passing the test (limiting value and constant measured values).

VCS

Measuring point

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According to their application, the WAGO terminal blocks and connectors are suitable for pollution degrees 2 or 3 and for over-voltage categories II or III.

Example: WAGO PCB terminal strips (pin spacing 5/5.08 mm) Rated voltage Rated impulse voltage Pollution degree Overvoltage category 250 V/4 kV/3 250 V 4 kV 3 III 500 V/4 kV/2 500 V 4 kV 2 III

Clearances and creepage distances are used to certify many terminal blocks in accordance to IEC 60998-1 / EN 60998-1 / VDE 0613, part 1, table 3. Table 3: Clearances and creepage distances (IEC 60998-1) Rated insulation voltage V 130 > 130 and 250 > 250 and 450 > 450 and 750 > 750 Creepage distances, clearances mm
1.5 3.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

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Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued)

Electrical Tests (continued) Insulation parameters according to IEC/EN 60664-1 (continued)
Table 4:
Voltage 1) r.m.s.

Creepage distances to avoid failure due to tracking

Minimum creepage distances Printed wiring material Pollution degree 1 2 1 All material All mat. gr. All material groups except IIIb groups mm mm mm 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.04 0.063 0.1 0.16 0.25 0.4 0.56 0.75 1 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.2 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.063 0.1 0.16 0.25 0.4 0.63 1 1.6 2 2.5 3.2 4 5 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.125 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.42 0.56 0.75 1 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.2 4.2 5.6 7.5 10 12.5 16 20 25 32 40 503) 633) 803) 1003) 1253) 1603) 2003) 2503) Pollution degree 2 Material group II mm 0.4 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.5 0.53 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.6 7.1 9 11 14 18 22 28 36 45 56 71 903) 1103) 1403) 1803) 2203) 2803) 3603) 4503) 3 Material group II mm 1 1.05 1.1 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.6 7.1 9 11 14 18 22 28 36 45 56 71 90 110 140

V 10 12.5 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 6300 8000 10000 12500 16000 20000 25000 32000 40000 50000 63000
1)

I mm 0.4 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.5 0.53 0.56 0.6 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.75 0.8 1 1.25 1.6 2 2.5 3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 32 40 50 633) 803) 1003) 1253) 1603) 2003) 2503) 3203)

III mm 0.4 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.5 0.53 1.1 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2 2.5 3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 1253) 1603) 2003) 2503) 3203) 4003) 5003) 6003)

I mm 1 1.05 1.1 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.5 3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125

III2) mm 1 1.05 1.1 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 3.2 4 5 6.3 8.0 10 12.5 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160

This voltage is: for functional insulation: the working voltage; for basic and supplementary insulation of the circuit energized directly from the mains (see 2.2.1.1.1): the voltage rationalized through table 3a or table 3b, based on the rated voltage of the equipment, or the rated insulation voltage; for basic and supplementary insulation of systems, equipment and internal circuits not energized directly from the mains (see 2.2.1.1.2): the highest r. m. s. voltage which can occur in the system, equipment or internal circuit when supplied at rated voltage and under the most onerous combination of conditions of operation within equipment rating. Material group IIIb is not recommended for applications in pollution degree 3 above 630 V. Provisional data based on extrapolation. Technical committees who have other information based on experience may use their dimensions.

2) 3)

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Table 3 b:

Three-phase 3- or 4-wire AC systems

Voltages rationalized for table 4 Nominal voltage of the supply system (mains)*) For insulation line-to-line All systems For insulation line-to-line Three-phase four-wire systems neutral earthed2) Three-phase three-wire systems unearthed1) or corner-earthed

Material groups Materials are separated into four groups according to their CTI (Comparative Tracking Index) as follows: Material group I: 600 CTI Material group II: 400 CTI < 600 Material group III a: 175 CTI < 400 Material group III b: 100 CTI < 175 The CTI values above refer to values obtained, in accordance with DIN EN 60112/VDE 0303, part 11, on samples specially made for the purpose and tested with solution A.

V 60 110 120 127 150**) 208 220 230 240 300**) 380 400 415 440 480 500 575 600**) 660 690 720 830 960 1000**)
1)

V 63 125 160 200 250 320 400 500 500 630 630 630 800 1000 1000

V 32 80

V 63 125 160 200 250 320

125 160

250 250 320 400 400 500 630

400 500 500 630 630 630 800 1000 1000

Line-to-earth insulation level for unearthed or impedance-earthed systems equals that for line-to-line because the operating voltage to earth of any line can, in practice, approach full line-to-line voltage. This is because the actual voltage to earth is determined by the insulation resistance and capacitive reactance of each line to earth; thus, low (but acceptable) insulation resistance of one line can in effect earth it and raise the other two to full line-to-line voltage to earth. 2) For equipment for use on both three-phase four-wire and three-phase three-wire supplies, earthed and unearthed, use the values for three-wire systems only. *) For relationship to rated voltage see 2.2.1. **) These values correspond to the values in table 1.

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Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued)

Electrical Tests (continued) Insulation parameters according to IEC/EN 60664-1 (continued)
Creepage distances, Rated voltages, Material groups Criteria for the dimensioning of the creepage distances are the rated voltages, the degrees of pollution and the material groups. The pollution degrees specified for the clearances and its quoted allocation to locations is also applicable for creepage distances. The tables 3 a and 3 b of the DIN EN 60664-1/VDE 0110, part 1 contain the rated voltages which have to be considered for dimensioning the minimum creepage distance. Table 3 a: Single-phase 3- or 2-wire AC or DC systems
Voltages rationalized for table 4 Nominal voltage of the supply system (mains)*) For insulation line-to-line1) All systems For insulation line-to-earth1) Three-wire systems mid-point earthed

V 12.5 24 25 30 42 48 50**) 60 3060 100**) 110 120 150**) 220 110220 120240 300**) 220440 600**) 480960 1000**)
1)

V 12.5 25 32 50 63 63 100 125 160 250 250 320 500 630 1000 1000

32

125

250 500

Line-to-earth insulation level for unearthed or impedance-earthed systems equals that for line-to-line because the operating voltage to earth of any line can, in practice, approach full line-to-line voltage. This is because the actual voltage to earth is determined by the insulation resistance and capacitive reactance of each line to earth; thus, low (but acceptable) insulation resistance of one line can in effect earth it and raise the other two to full line-to-line voltage to earth. *) For relationship to rated voltage see 2.2.1. **) These values correspond to the values in table 1.

Table A.2: Height correction factors (DIN EN 60664-1/VDE 0110, part 1)

Height m 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 15000 20000 Standard air pressure kPa 80 70 62 54 47 41 35.5 30.5 26.5 12 5.5 Multiplier for distance 1 1.14 1.29 1.48 1.7 1.95 2.25 2.62 3.02 6.67 14.5

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Pollution degree Pollution factors are all solid, liquid or gaseous foreign matter which may reduce the dielectric strength or the specific surface resistances. Soiling is divided into 4 classes in accordance with the environmental conditions to be expected:
Examples of pollution degrees for assigned areas: pollution degree 1: No pollution or only dry, non conductive pollution occurs. The pollution has no influence. Only non-conductive pollution occurs except that occasionnally temporary conductivity caused by condensation is to be expected. Electrical equipment in air-conditioned or clean dry rooms. Electrical equipment in living areas, shops, laboratories, test stations, mechanical workshops and medical rooms.

pollution degree 2:

pollution degree 3:

Conductive pollution occurs or dry nonconductive pollution occurs which becomes conductive due to condensation which is to be expected. The pollution generates persitent conductivity caused by conductive dust or by rain or wet conditions.

Electrical equipment in industrial and farming areas, unheated rooms, workshops and boiler rooms.

pollution degree 4:

Electrical equipment for outdoor use.

Table 2: Clearances to withstand transient overvoltages (DIN EN 60664-1/VDE 0110, part 1)

Required impulse withstand voltage1)5) kV 0.332) 0.40 0.502) 0.60 0.802) 1.0 1.2 1.52) 2.0 2.52) 3.0 4.02) 5.0 6.02) 8.02) 10 12.2) 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100 Minimum clearances in air up to 2000 m above sea level Case A Case B (inhomogeneous field, see 1.3.15) (homogeneous field, see 1.3.14) 6) Pollution degree6) Pollution degree 1 2 3 1 2 3 mm mm mm mm mm mm 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.23)4) 0.06 0.23)4) 0.10 0.84) 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.84) 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.5 0.5 0.30 0.30 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.45 0.45 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.60 0.60 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.80 0.80 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 11 11 11 3.5 3.5 3.5 14 14 14 4.5 4.5 4.5 18 18 18 5.5 5.5 5.5 25 25 25 8 8 8 33 33 33 10 10 10 40 40 40 12.5 12.5 12.5 60 60 60 17 17 17 75 75 75 22 22 22 90 90 90 27 27 27 130 130 130 35 35 35 170 170 170 45 45 45

Dimensioning of clearances acc. to DIN EN 60664-1/VDE 0110, part 1, table 2 Choose the minimum clearances in accordance with the rated impulse voltages and the degree of pollution. For the operating life of the equipment do not go below these minimum clearances. Table 2 contains a list of information for the Case A, the inhomogeneous field, and for the Case B, the homogeneous field. This covers an electric field with essentially constant (Case B) or not constant (Case A) voltage gradients between the electrodes. Equipment with a clearance in accordance with Case A, in other words rated for the most unfavourable case, can be employed without evidence of impulse voltage testing. Equipment for which the clearances are dimensioned acc. to Case B or between A and B requires verification by the impulse voltage test. The clearances shown in table 2 are applicable for an installation height of up to 2000 m above sea level. Values for clearances above 2000 m must be multiplied by a high correction factor in accordance with table 2.

1)

This voltage is for functional insulation: the maximum impulse voltage expected to occur across the clearance (see 3.1.4.); for basic insulation directly exposed to or significantly influenced by transient overvoltages from the low-voltage mains (see 2.2.2.2, 2.2.2.3.1 and 3.1.5): the rated impulse voltage of the equipment; for other basic insulation (see 2.2.2.3.2.): the highest impulse voltage that can occur in the circuit; for reinforced insulation, see 3.1.5. 2) Preferred values specified in 2.1.1.2. 3) For printed wiring material, the values for pollution degree 1 apply except that the value shall not be less than 0.04 mm, as specified in table 4. 4) The minimum clearances given for pollution degrees 2 and 3 are based on the reduced withstand characteristics of the associated creepage distance under humidity conditions (see IEC 60664-5). 5) For parts or circuits within equipment subject to impulse voltages according to 2.2.2.3.2, interpolation of values is allowed. However, standardization is achieved by using the preferred series of impulse voltage values in 2.1.1.2. 6) The dimensions for pollution degree 4 are as specified for pollution degree 3, except that the minimum clearance 1.6 mm.

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Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued) Electrical Tests (continued)
Insulation parameters according to IEC/EN 60664-1
Clearances and creepage distances Generally applicable is: The equipment specification contains data for the measurement of clearances and creepage distances or refers to the data contained in the new revised edition of the basic standard DIN EN 60664-1/VDE 0110, part 1. DIN EN 60664-1/VDE 0110, part 1 contains new clearance and creepage distance data taking into consideration the rules of insulation. That is the insulation parameters of an equipment are assigned to: the surge voltages expected, the parameters of the protection device against surge voltage and the expected environmental conditions and the protection measures against pollution. The standard is based on IEC 60664-1, with some modifications. Overvoltage categories for electrical equipment: Specification of a specific impulse withstand category (overvoltage category) shall be based on the following general explanation: Equipment of impulse withstand category I is equipment which is intended to be connected to the fixed electrical installations of buildings. Protective means are taken outside the equipment either in the fixed installation or between the fixed installation and the equipment to limit transient overvoltages to the specific level. Equipment of impulse withstand category II is equipment to be connected to the fixed electrical installations of buildings. NOTE: Examples of such equipment are household appliances, portable tools and similar loads. Equipment of impulse withstand category III is equipment which is part of the fixed electrical installations and other equipment where a higher degree of availability is expected. NOTE: Examples of such equipment are distribution boards, circuit breakers, wiring systems (IEV 826-06-01, including cables, bus-bars, junction boxes, switches, socket-outlets) in the fixed installation, and equipment for industrial use and some other equipment, e. g. stationary motors with permanent connection to the fixed installation. Equipment of impulse withstand category IV is for use at or in the proximity of the origin of the electrical installations of buildings upstream of the main distribution board. NOTE: Examples of such equipment are electricity meters, primary overcurrent protection devices and ripple control units.

Clearances, rated impulse voltages, overvoltage categories, pollution degrees Decisive for the proportioning of air distances are the impulse voltages in accordance with table 1. This basis forms the overvoltage category, i. e. the allocation of the equipment to the expected surge voltage, and the conductor earth voltage derived from the rated line voltage in installations with a grounded (earthed) Y (star) point. In ungrounded (unearthed) installations, or in installations where the conductor is not grounded (earthed), the voltage between the conductors is applicable in the same way as conductor voltage to ground (earth).

The rated impulse voltage shall be selected from table 1 corresponding to the overvoltage category specified and to the rated voltage of the equipment. Table 1: Rated impulse voltages for equipment energized directly from the low-voltage mains (DIN EN 60664-1/VDE 0110, part 1) Voltage curve: 1.2/50 s acc. IEC 60-1 / VDE 0432, part 1
Nominal voltage of the supply system1) (mains) based on IEC 600383) V Three-phase Single-phase Voltage line to neutral derived from nominal voltages a.c. or d.c. up to and including V 50 100 150 300 600 1000 I 330 500 800 1500 2500 4000 Rated impulse voltage2) V Overvoltage category4) II 500 800 1500 2500 4000 6000 III 800 1500 2500 4000 6000 8000 IV 1500 2500 4000 6000 8000 12000

Voltage pulse 1.2/50

% 100 90 50 30 0 (_ T _) T1 = 1,2 s <__________ T2 = 50 s __________>

230/400 277/480 400/690 1000

1) 2) 3)

120-240

See annex B for application to existing different low-voltage mains and their nominal voltages. Equipment with these rated impulse voltages can be used in installations in accordance with IEC 60364-4-443. The / mark indicates a 4-wire three-phase distribution system. The lower value is the voltage line-to-neutral, while the higher value is the voltage line-to-line. Where only one value is indicated, it refers to 3-wire, three-phase systems and specifies the value line-to-line. 4) See 2.2.2.1.1 for an explanation of the overvoltage categories.

acc. to IEC 60-1 / VDE 0432, part 1

The nominal supply voltages and the corresponding rated impulse voltages apply for grounded (earthed) as well as for ungrounded (unearthed) circuits.

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Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued)

Electrical Tests (continued) Power-frequency withstand voltage test according to IEC/EN 60947-7-1, IEC/EN 60947-1
This test procedure is used to verify the creepage distances. Creepage distances, i.e. the distances of creeping currents, are caused by conductive impurities on the surface of the insulation housing. Apart from the amount of impurities to which a terminal block, for example, is subjected, the plastic material and housing design are also involved in generating creeping currents. The insulation material of the housing may be carbonized by a creeping current, which increases the conductivity even more. The specimen is tested using a power-frequency withstand voltage for a short time. For example, a rail-mounted terminal block designed to operate at 800 V nominal voltage is usually tested using 2000 V alternating voltage for 1 minute. The test is considered to be passed if no flashovers or breakdowns have occured.

Rated impulse withstand voltage test according to IEC/EN 60947-7-1, IEC/EN 60947-1
This test is used to verify the clearances of a product. In simplified terms, a clearance is the distance between two poles of a terminal block. If this distance is too small, voltage peaks may cause flashovers or breakdowns. The arrangement of the rated impulse withstand voltage test is identical to that of the power frequency withstand voltage test; the test voltages, however, are comparatively higher and the testing times shorter, e.g. 7.3 kV over 50 s (see figure).

% 100 90 50 30 0

(_ T _) T1 = 1,2 s <__________ T2 = 50 s __________>

Voltage pulse; measurement curve (red) and auxiliary curve (black) for calculating the rate of rise of the pulse and the resulting (virtual) peak of the curve T Time interval for calculating the rate of rise T1 Front time (duration between start of impulse and reaching the peak) T2 Total pulse duration

The test values are the values at sea level as specified in the relevant test specification. The values indicated in the catalog correspond to an altitude of 2000 m. The test is considered to be passed if no flashovers or breakdowns have occured.

IP ratings for electrical equipment acc. to IEC/EN 60529

Alphanumeric nomenclature for type of protection Code letters Protection against touch and solid IP objects or water First characteristic Indicates degrees of protection against 0 to 6 touch or solid objects Second characteristic Indicates degree of protection against 0 to 8 water First characteristic: IP 0X IP 1X IP 2X IP 3X IP 4X IP 5X IP 6X No protection against touch or solid objects Protected against solid objects > 50 mm Protected against solid objects > 12 mm (e. g. finger) Protected against solid objects > 2.5 mm Protected against solid objects > 1 mm Dust-protected (limited ingress, no harmful deposit) Dust-tight (totally protected against dust) IP = Ingress Protection If the indication of the degree of protection requires only one characteristic, the other one Comparison will be replaced by an X Second characteristic: IP X0 IP X1 IP X2 IP X3 IP X4 IP X5 IP X6 IP X7 IP X8 No protection against water Protected against vertically dripping water Protected against dripping water 15 angle Protected against water spray Protected against water splash Protected against water jet Protected against powerful water jet Protected against temporary immersion Protected against continuous immersion

IP <> NEMA
IP Vs. NEMA IP code 10 11 54 14 54 55 52 67 52 54 NEMA Type 1 2 3 3R 3S 4 & 4X 5 6&6P 12 & 12 K 13