Code No: R09220206

R09

SET-1

B.Tech II Year - II Semester Examinations, April-May, 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES II (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal marks --1.a) b) Describe in detail the constructional details of a single phase transformer, including the measures taken to minimise iron and copper losses and selection of core geometry. Draw the no load and on load phasor diagram for a single phase transformer on lagging load taking secondary terminal voltage as the reference phasor. [7+8] Derive the exact equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer with quantities referred to primary for a two winding transformer. A 250/500 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has the following equivalent circuit parameters: Rt1 = 0.175 ; Xt1 = 0.375 ; Rc1 = 780 ; Xm1 = 265 Determine the voltage regulation, losses and efficiency of the transformer when it is delivering 6 kVA at 0.8 pf leading and at rated voltage. [6+9] Explain how the equivalent circuit parameters are determined from OC and SC tests? A 100 kVA, 6.6 kV/ 415 V single phase transformer has an effective impedance of (3+j8) referred to HV side. Estimate the full load voltage regulation at i) 0.8 pf lagging ii) 0.8 pf leading. [7+8] Draw the connection diagram and phasor diagram for the following three phase connections: i) star-delta ii) delta-star iii) delta-delta. Also state their relative advantages and disadvantages. Two single phase furnaces P and Q are supplied at 100 V by means of a scottconnected transformer combination from a 3-phase 6600 V system. The voltage of furnace P is leading. Calculate the line current on the 3-phase side, when the furnace P takes 400 kW at 0.8 pf lagging and Q takes 800 kW at unity pf. [9+6] What are the different parts of a cage and slip-ring type induction motors? State the materials used for each part and also give reason for its use. Explain the principle of production of rotating magnetic field in a 3-phase induction motor. [8+7] Derive the torque-slip equation for a 3-phase induction motor and also the equation for slip at which maximum torque occurs. Explain with the aid of sketches the manner in which the torque-slip curve changes when the applied voltage is reduced to half and the rotor resistance is doubled. [7+8] Based on the approximate equivalent circuit, derive an expression for the electromagnetic torque developed by a 3-phase induction motor and hence determine the condition for maximum torque. An 8 pole, 400 V, 50 Hz, delta-connected, 3-phase induction motor has stator to rotor turns ratio 2:1. The stator impedance per phase is (0.13+j0.6) and rotor

2.a) b)

3.a) b)

4.a)

b)

5.a) b) 6.a) b)

7.a)

b)

circuit standstill impedance per phase is (0.035+j0.15) . Find the maximum power developed and the slip at which it occurs and the starting torque. [6+9] 8.a) b) Explain the principle of pole changing and variable frequency to vary the speed of a 3-phase induction motor. What are the limitations? Briefly discuss the principle of cascade connection of induction machines. [8+7] ********

Code No: R09220206

R09

SET-2

B.Tech II Year - II Semester Examinations, April-May, 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES II (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal marks --1.a) b) c) Draw the diagram of a single phase transformer, name the parts, state the material used for each part and also the reason for using such material. Derive the emf equation of a single phase transformer and also obtain the transformation ratio. The emf per turn of a 1-phase, 6.6 kV/440 V, 50Hz transformer is 12 V. Calculate i) the number of turns in the HV and LV windings ii) the net cross-sectional area of the core for a maximum flux density of 1.5 T. [6+4+5] A 2300/230 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has the following parameters: R1 = 0.3 ; R2 = 0.295 ; X1 = 0.375 ; X 2 = 0.685 ; Rc1 = 4 k; Xm1 = 1000 . The secondary load impedance ZL = ( 0.4 + j0.3) . Find the voltage regulation, losses of the transformer using approximate equivalent circuit. Find the all-day efficiency of a 500 kVA distribution transformer whose maximum efficiency of 96 % occurs at the load factor of 0.7 upf. In a day it is loaded as follows: [8+7] Hrs output power (kW) pf of load 6 400 0.8 10 300 0.75 4 100 0.8 4 0 _ Explain the procedure to conduct the sumpners test and obtain the different circuit parameters to estimate the performance of the transformer. A 220 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has a total iron loss of 2000 W. When the supply voltage is reduced to 176 V at 40 Hz, the corresponding loss is 1408 W. Calculate the hysteresis and eddy current loss at normal voltage and frequency. [6+9] Explain the Scott connection of transformer for 3-phase to 2-phase conversion. Draw the relevant phasor diagram. Also state the relative advantages and disadvantages. Two suitable transformers are used to convert a 400 V, 3-phase supply to 200 V, 2-phase supply. What will be the transformation ratio? If the total balanced load on the 2-phase side is 150 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging, calculate the currents in the primary and secondary of the two transformers, neglecting the no-load currents. [8+7]

2.a)

b)

3.a) b)

4.a) b)

5.a) b) c)

Differentiate between cage and slip-ring rotors. Why are rotor stampings skewed? Explain the principle of production of rotating magnetic field in a 3-phase induction motor. A 6-pole 50 Hz 3-phase induction motor running on full load develops a useful torque of 160 N-m when rotor emf makes 120 complete cycles per minute. Calculate shaft power output if the torque lost in friction is 10 N-m. Also compute the copper loss. [4+5+6] Draw and discuss the torque-slip characteristics of a 3-phase induction motor for motoring mode, braking mode and generating mode. Also derive the equation for slip at which maximum torque occurs. Write a short technical note on double cage rotors and deep bar rotors. What is crawling and cogging? State the ways to avoid it. [6+4+5] The no load and blocked rotor test on a 3-phase, 75 kW, 3.3 kV, 6-pole, 50 Hz squirrel cage induction motor gave the following results: No load test Vo = 3.3 kV, Io = 5 A, Po = 2500 W Blocked rotor test Vbr = 400 V, Ibr = 27 A, Pbr = 15 kW Stator Resistance (DC) / Phase = 3.75 . i) Determine the parameters of the approximate equivalent circuit. ii) For a slip of 4%, calculate the stator current, its pf and motor efficiency. Briefly discuss about various starting methods of 3-phase Induction motors. [9+6] Explain the different methods to vary the speed of a 3- phase induction motor. State their relative limitations. Briefly discuss the operation of induction machine as induction generator. [8+7] ********

6.a) b) c) 7.a)

b) 8.a) b)

Code No: R09220206

R09

SET-3

B.Tech II Year - II Semester Examinations, April-May, 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES II (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal marks --1.a) b) 2.a) b) Discuss the principle of working of a transformer with phasor diagrams. Draw the general schematic of a single phase transformer. Deduce the expression for emf in secondary winding. [8+7] Derive the condition for Maximum efficiency for a single phase transformer. The efficiency of a 1000 KVA, 110/220 V, 50Hz single phase transformer is 98.5% at half full load, 0.8 p.f. leading and 98.8% at full load, unity p.f. Determine i) Iron loss ii) Full load copper loss iii) Maximum Efficiency at unity p.f. [6+9] The following readings were obtained from O.C. and S.C. tests on 8KVA 400/120V, 1-phase, 50 Hz, transformer: O.C. test: 120V, 4A, 75W S.C. test: 9.5V, 20A, 110W Calculate i) The equivalent circuit constants ii) Voltage regulation and efficiency for 0.8 lagging p.f. full Load iii) The efficiency at half full load and 0.8 p.f. load. [15] State the advantages of 3-phase transformer over 1-phase transformer. Explain the principle of operation of ON-LOAD and OFF-LOAD tap changers. [5+10] A 3 phase Induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from 50Hz system. Calculate i) The synchronous speed ii) The rotor speed when slip is 4% and iii) rotor frequency when rotor runs at 600 rpm. Explain with the help of neat diagrams, how rotating magnetic field is produced in a 3-Phase induction motor? [9+6] A 3 phase, 400V, 50 Hz induction motor takes a power input of 35KW at its full load speed of 980 rpm. The total stator losses are 1 KW and the friction and windage losses are 1.5KW. Calculate i) slip ii) rotor ohmic losses iii) shaft power iv) Shaft torque and v) efficiency. How do you obtain an equivalent circuit of a 3-phase induction Motor? [10+5]

3.

4.a) b) 5.a)

b) 6.a)

b)

7.a) b)

Why is it necessary to employ special starting arrangements for induction Motors? Explain any one method of starting the 3 phase induction motors. A SCIM has a starting current of six times the full load current at a slip of 0.04. Calculate the line current and starting torque in p.u. of full load values for the following methods of starting: i) Direct switching ii) Auto transformer starting with motor current limited to 2.0 p.u. iii) Star-delta starting. [6+9] Explain briefly the method of speed control of a 3-phase induction motor by varying the supply frequency and injection of an emf into rotor circuit. Explain the principle of operation of induction generator in detail. [8+7] ********

8.a) b)

Code No: R09220206

R09

SET-4

B.Tech II Year - II Semester Examinations, April-May, 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES II (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal marks --1.a) Give the concept of single phase ideal transformer. Describe its performance with the help of emf equations, its phasor diagrams at no load and on full load. b) The no load current of a transformer is 4A at 0.25 p.f when supplied at 250V, 50 Hz. The number of turns on the primary winding is 200. Calculate i) The r.m.s. value of the flux in the core ii) The core loss iii) The magnetizing current. [9+6] 2.a) A 100 KVA, 50Hz, 440/11000 V single phase transformer has an efficiency of 98.5% when supplying full load current at 0.8 p.f. and an efficiency of 99% when supplying half full load current at u.p.f. Find iron losses and ohmic losses corresponding to full load current. At what value of load current will the maximum efficiency be attained? What is All-day efficiency? Give its significance. [9+6] What is the procedure of conducting Sumpners test on two identical transformers? Write short notes on auto transformer and compare it with two winding transformer. [7+8] Explain Y/ and /Y connections used in 3-phase connection of transformers. Also, state their advantages and disadvantages. Explain Scott connection used in poly phase transformers with neat diagrams. [8+7] Describe the development of electromagnetic torque in a squirrel cage induction motor through the interaction of flux and mmf waves, when the rotor is running at a speed less than synchronous speed. Explain the constructional features of both squirrel cage induction motor and slip ring induction motor. Discuss the merits of one over the other. [7+8] A 3 phase, 400V, 50 Hz induction motor takes a power input of 35KW at its full load speed of 980 rpm. The total stator losses are 1 KW and the friction and windage losses are 1.5KW. Calculate i) slip ii) rotor ohmic losses iii) shaft power iv) shaft torque and v) efficiency. Explain the phenomena of Crawling and Cogging. [10+5] Explain the procedure of drawing of the circle diagram of a 3-phase induction motor. What information can be drawn from the circle diagram? [15] Discuss briefly the various methods of speed control of a 3-phase induction motor. [15] ********

b) 3.a) b) 4.a) b) 5.a) b) 6.a)

b) 7. 8.