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  • Antibiotics Linked To Weight Gain

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    Asma Kazmi
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    An antibacterial is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria.[1] The term is often used synonymously with the term antibiotic(s); today, however, with increased knowledge of the causative agents of various infectious diseases, antibiotic(s) has come to denote a broader range of antimicrobial compounds, including anti-fungal and other compounds.[2] The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.[3] This definition excluded substances that kill bacteria, but are not produced by microorganisms (such as gastric juices and hydrogen peroxide). It also excluded synthetic antibacterial compounds such as the sulfonamides. Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.

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    An antibacterial is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria.[1] The term is often used synonymously with the term antibiotic(s); today, however, with increased knowledge of the causative agents of various infectious diseases, antibiotic(s) has come to denote a broader range of antimicrobial compounds, including anti-fungal and other compounds.[2] The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.[3] This definition excluded substances that kill bacteria, but are not produced by microorganisms (such as gastric juices and hydrogen peroxide). It also excluded synthetic antibacterial compounds such as the sulfonamides. Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.

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    41 vues4 pages

    Antibiotics Linked To Weight Gain

    Transféré par

    Asma Kazmi
    An antibacterial is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria.[1] The term is often used synonymously with the term antibiotic(s); today, however, with increased knowledge of the causative agents of various infectious diseases, antibiotic(s) has come to denote a broader range of antimicrobial compounds, including anti-fungal and other compounds.[2] The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.[3] This definition excluded substances that kill bacteria, but are not produced by microorganisms (such as gastric juices and hydrogen peroxide). It also excluded synthetic antibacterial compounds such as the sulfonamides. Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
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    8/29/12

    Antibiotics Linked to Weight Gain: Scientific American

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    Antibiotics Linked to Weight Gain


    Changes in the gut microbiome from low-dose antibiotics caused mice to gain weight. Similar alterations in humans taking antibiotics, especially children, might be adding to the obesity epidemic
    By Amy Maxmen and Nature magazine

    From Nature magazine Bacteria living naturally within the gut provide a gateway to flab, according to a few reports this week. These bacteria may explain how antibiotics fatten farm animals and perhaps people too, and how certain genes predispose organisms to obesity. In a study published 22 August in Nature, researchers mimicked what farmers have been doing for decades to fatten up their livestock: they fed young mice a steady low dose of antibiotics. The antibiotics altered the composition of bacteria in the guts of the mice and also changed how the bacteria broke down nutrients. The bacteria in treated mice activated more genes that turn carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids, and they turned on genes related to lipid conversion in the liver. Presumably, these shifts in molecular pathway enable fat buildup. Just as farm animals get fat, the antibiotic-fed mice put on weight.

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    Martin Blaser, a microbiologist at New York University in New York, says that parents might unknowingly be promoting a similar phenomenon when they treat common ailments and ear infections in their children. To back that idea up, he points to another study he authored. The study, published on 21 August, found that a disproportionate number of 11,000 kids in the United Kingdom who were overweight by the time they were 3 years old had taken
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    antibiotics within their first 6 months of life. Antibiotics are extremely important drugs, Blaser says, but especially when given early in life, I believe they come at a cost that parents, doctors and patients should be aware of. Microbes also seem to be an accomplice in genetically induced pudginess, according to a study published today in Nature Immunology. When researchers rid mice of a gene encoding a gut molecule called lymphotoxin, segmented filamentous bacteria overwhelmed the normal microbial community. These bacteria may gobble up excess fat like tapeworms the mice remained thin no matter what they ate. Whats more, mice with lymphotoxin intact were able to keep their slim figures when the researchers implanted the segmented filamentous bacteria in their guts. Although the papers provide tantalizing links, Peter Turnbaugh, a microbiologist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, says that theres more work to be done before microbes enter the limelight in the fight against obesity. These studies suggest mechanisms by which different bacteria promote adiposity, but they dont fully define pathways, he says. What really excites me about these papers is that now we have two new mouse models to do the follow-up experiments. This article is reproduced with permission from the magazine Nature. The article was first published on August 27, 2012.

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    1. guner_darici 03:48 PM 8/28/12 Good jobs thx :)
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    2. Happy Hal 07:15 PM 8/28/12

    I started out with a dose of pneumonia, at three, almost terminated me If it hadn't been for Dr. Wray Ridge (chief of staff at Hamilton (ON) General, and his buddy, the developer of Sulfa Drugs, I wouldn't be here, and evidently it weakened my immune system, so that for the next12 years, I was almost always half ill, and missed much schooling. I had a nose that dripped all the time, and would usually go through at least four hankies per day. My father was a minister, and so the local doctors supplied 'free' antibiotics, usually drug samples. So I always had medication, which 'cured' me temporarily. When my beard sprouted, I cultivated a mustache, so that my upper lip wouldn't always be red and sore. I started smoking at majority, which seemed to cure my hayfever (about 100 allergies), and my weight remained

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    Antibiotics Linked to Weight Gain: Scientific American

    stable, but at 33, I abruptly quit, and my weight started to climb, not fast, because my business kept me hopping. Now a 76, I am obese. All the antibiotics over all those years, plus the habit formed by chewing on a pipestem, and always snacking afterwards, doubtless caused my weight gain, eh?
    Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

    3. sagar555 03:11 AM 8/29/12

    well
    Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

    4. geraldguild.com 09:19 AM 8/29/12

    The far reaching implications of the microbiome are just coming into our awareness. The eradication of the ulcer causing bacteria H pylori has been implicated in increased levels of the "hunger hormone" ghrelin, which may also contribute to the obesity crisis. See http://bit.ly/NGAWuL for a cursory review of the broader implications of our microbiotic partners in live. Its hard to imagine, but even our mood seems to be affected by bacteria.
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