InbroafhIng duo fo IIquId movomonf

ouf oI fho fank

InbroafhIng duo fo confracfIon or
condonsafIon oI vapors causod by a
docroaso In fho afmosphorIc fompor-
afuro (aIso caIIod fhormaI Inbroafh-
Ing)
OufbroafhIng duo fo IIquId movo-
monf Info fho fank
OufbroafhIng duo fo oxpansIon or
vaporIzafIon oI vapors causod by an
Incroaso In fho afmosphorIc fom-
porafuro (aIso caIIod fhormaI ouf-
broafhIng)
OufbroafhIng rosuIfIng Irom oxfor-
naI IIro
)NBREATHING AccordIng fo fho AmorI-
can PofroIoum InsfIfufo (API) |, fho
vonfIng capacIfy Ior maxImum IIquId
movomonf ouf oI a fank shouId bo
oquIvaIonf fo 0.159 sfd m
3
/hr oI aIr
Ior oach 0.159 m
3
/hr oI fho maxImum
ompfyIng rafo oI IIquIds. ThIs hoIds
Ior IIquIds oI any IIash poInf. In ofhor
words, Ior an ompfyIng rafo oI 1
E
m
3
/
hr, fho vonfIng capacIfy shouId bo 1
E
sfd m
3
/hr.
Thoro aro aIso roquIromonfs Ior
fhormaI InbroafhIng. Tho API | Iur-
nIshos fhoso roquIromonfs as a Iunc-
fIon oI fank capacIfy In fho Iorm oI
fabIos. ThIs InIormafIon can aIso bo
oxprossod as an oquafIon, whoroIn
fho fhormaI vonfIng Is oxprossod as a
IuncfIon oI fank capacIfy.
Tho fofaI vonfIng capacIfy can bo
oxprossod as a sum oI IIquId movo-
monf and fhormaI InbroafhIng.
!or fanks up fo 3,500 m
3
capacIfy:
6
IB
= 1
E
+ 0.1?8#
!or fanks Iargor fhan 3,500 m
3
capac-
Ify:
6
IB
= 1
E
+ 3.20#
0.651
whoro 1
E
roprosonfs vonfIng ca-
pacIfy duo fo IIquId movomonf and
fho socond compononf roprosonfs
fhaf duo fo fhormaI InbroafhIng. #
Is fho fank capacIfy. Tho fofaI vonf-
Ing roquIromonf duo fo bofh IIquId
movomonf as woII as fhormaI vonf-
Ing Is noodod fo onsuro fhaf fho
vonfIng arrangomonf Is dosIgnod
Ior fho worsf-caso sconarIo.
/UTBREATHING Whoroas vonfIng
duo fo InbroafhIng Is Indopondonf
oI IIash poInf, fho roquIromonfs
Ior oufbroafhIng dIIIor wIfh IIash
poInf. !or IIquIds wIfh a IIash
poInf abovo 3?.8C or a normaI
boIIIng poInf abovo 149C, fho ro-
quIrod vonfIng capacIfy Ior maxI-
mum IIquId movomonf Info a fank
shouId bo oquIvaIonf fo 0.1?0 sfd
m
3
/hr oI aIr Ior oach 0.159 m
3
/hr oI
maxImum IIIIIng rafo. In ofhor words,
Ior a IIIIIng rafo oI 1
F
m
3
/hr, fho vonf-
Ing capacIfy shouId bo 1.0691
F
sfd
m
3
/hr.
CHEMCAL ENGNEERNG WWW.CHE.COM APRL 2006 77
MIXING & DRYING AT IT5 E5T!
AvA-huep Cmbh u. Co. kC
1eI.: +49 81 52 93 92 - 0
fax: +49 81 52 93 92 - 91
L-MaiI: info@ava-huep.com
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1eI.: +1 704 2 48 - 27 67
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haII 6.0, 8ooth 27 - 28
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Circle 46 on p. 9S or go to adlinks.che.comj5828-46
Drain sump
OutIet
SheII
manhoIe
Roof
manhoIe
Deck
SwiveI
joint
Roof drain
pipe
Roof drain
sump
Roof
drain
InIet
Vacuum
breaker
Pontoon
SpiraI
staircase
Roof
supports
RoIIing Iadder
RoIIing
Iadder track
FGURE S. An externaI fIoating-roof tank may incIude these types of accessories
Thoro aro aIso roquIromonfs Ior
fhormaI oufbroafhIng. Tho fofaI vonf-
Ing capacIfy, oxprossod as a sum oI IIq-
uId movomonf and fhormaI oufbroafh-
Ing can bo oxprossod as IoIIows.
!or fanks up fo 3,500 m
3
capacIfy:
6
OB
= 1.0691
F
+ 0.10?#
!or fanks Iargor fhan 3,500 m
3
capac-
Ify:
6
OB
= 1.0691
F
+ 1.92#
0.651
!or fhoso IIquIds wIfh a hIgh IIash
poInf, fho fhormaI oufbroafhIng Is
roughIy 60% oI fho fhormaI InbroafhIng
roquIromonf. Tho roason Ior fhIs Is fhaf
fho rooI and shoII fomporafuros cannof
rIso as rapIdIy as fhoy can IaII, Ior ox-
ampIo, durIng a suddon raIn showor.
LIquIds wIfh a Iowor IIash poInf,
boIow 3?.8C, or a normaI boIIIng poInf
boIow 149C, havo fho IoIIowIng guIdo-
IInos. Tho roquIromonf oI vonfIng capac-
Ify Ior maxImum IIquId movomonf Info
a fank shouId bo oquIvaIonf fo 0.340
sfd m
3
/hr oI aIr Ior oach 0.159 m
3
/hr oI
maxImum IIIIIng rafo. In ofhor words,
Ior a IIIIIng rafo oI 1
F
m
3
/hr, fho vonfIng
capacIfy shouId bo 2.1381
F
sfd m
3
/hr.
OI courso, fhoro aro addIfIonaI roquIro-
monfs Ior fhormaI oufbroafhIng. Tho
fofaI vonfIng capacIfy, oxprossod as a
sum oI IIquId movomonf and fhormaI
oufbroafhIng, can bo oxprossod by fho
IoIIowIng oquafIons.
!or fanks up fo 3,500 m
3
capacIfy:
6
OB
= 2.1381
F
+ 0.1?8#
and Ior fanks Iargor fhan 3,500 m
3
capacIfy:
6
OB
= 2.1381
F
+ 3.20#
0.651
%MERGENCY 6ENTING ON &IRE %XPO
SURE Whon sforago fanks aro oxposod
fo IIro, fho vonfIng rafo may oxcood
fho InbroafhIng or oufbroafhIng rafo
fhaf rosuIfs Irom a combInafIon oI
fhormaI oIIocfs and IIquId movomonf.
!or fanks subjocfod fo IIro oxposuro,
fho roquIrod vonfIng capacIfIos aro
gIvon In TabIo 2 |, Ior fho roIoronco
IIquId, hoxano.
Tho onvIronmonfaI Iacfor, &, Is
fakon as 1.0 Ior baro-mofaI fanks.
!or InsuIafod fanks, & varIos bofwoon
0.025 and 0.30, dopondIng upon fho
InsuIafIon conducfanco. Tho dofaIIs
aro IurnIshod In API 2000 |.
Tho vaIuos In TabIo 2 aro Ior hox-
ano. !or ofhor IIquIds, fho IoIIowIng
corrocfod vonfIng rafo Is appIIod.
6
CORR
= (3098 6
HEX
)/(-
0.5
,)
whoro - Is fho moIocuIar woIghf oI fho
sforod IIquId and , Is fho Iafonf hoaf
oI vaporIzafIon oI fho sforod IIquId.
morgoncy vonfs can bo In fho Iorm
oI a gaugo hafch fhaf pormIfs fho covor
fo IIIf undor hIgh vonfIng Ioads, or a
manhoIo covor fhaf IIIfs whon oxposod
fo hIgh vonfIng Ioads (!Iguro 2).
/PEN VENTS Tanks fhaf sforo harm-
Ioss or non-foxIc IIquIds, such as IIro-
wafor or sorvIco wafor, aro vonfod fo
fho afmosphoro. Thoso fanks oporafo
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Circle 48 on p. 9S or go to adlinks.che.comj5828-48
Envlronmental Manager
78 CHEMCAL ENGNEERNG WWW.CHE.COM APRL 2006