1.

Disear la siguiente escalera

Datos
0.25
f'c =
f'y =

210
4200

kg/cm2
kg/cm2

Altura de piso a techo =

Espesor de losa =
Longitud de la escalera =
Nro de Pasos =
Ancho de escalera =

2.38
0.2
3.25
13
1

m
m
m
pasos
m

0.170

NOTA: Slo cambiar los

valores marcados con
rojo
0.2

2.38

losa

viga

n.p.t.

0.25 m
3.25 m

Solucin
t=

13

cm

t=

10.83

cm

t=

11.375

cm

t=

0.11 m

1 Idealizacin
Metrdo de cargas
25

17

34.22

x=

1.21

P losa =
P escalon =
P pt =

319.25 kg/m
204.00 kg/m
100 kg/m

Wd =
Wl =

623.25 kg/m
200 kg/m

Wu =

1294.88 kg/m

1/12

1/12

1/10

M(-) =
M(+) =

1139.77 kg.m
1367.72 kg,m

Mur =

34226.82 kg.m

Clculo de acero

W=
=

Asmin =
As (-) =

0.091061
0.004553

W=
=

2.02 cm2
3.81 cm2

0.110617
0.005531

As (+) =

4.63 cm2

ELEGIR EL TIPO DE ACERO

ACERO Asmin
Cantidad
Diam. (pulg)
1
3/8

ACERO As (+)
Cantidad
Diam. (pulg)
1
1/2
ACERO As (-)
Cantidad
Diam. (pulg)
1
1/2

SEPARACIN DEL ACERO

Acero mnimo

TOTAL(cm2)
+

Cantidad
0

Diam. (pulg)
1/2

0.713

Cantidad
0

Diam. (pulg)
1

1.267

Cantidad
0

Diam. (pulg)
1

1.267

rea de la varilla =
S=

0.71

cm2

35

cm

1.27

cm2

27

cm

1.27

cm2

33

cm

Acero positivo
rea de la varilla =
S=
Acero negativo
rea de la varilla =
S=

LONGITUD DE ANCLAJE
Acero negativo
Lanclaje =
Lanclaje =

Ln/3
1.10

Ln/7
0.50

Acero positivo
Lanclaje =
Lanclaje =

P1.- Una columna de 40 x 40 cm, con concreto de f'c = 210 Kg/cm2 y acero de fy = 4200 Kg/cm2. debe soportar una carga
muerta de 75 Tn. Y una carga viva de 50 Tn ; el esfuerzo permisisble del terreno en condiciones de servicio es de 1.8 Kg/cm2. Se
solicita disear la zapata, la misma que debera disearse con acero de fy = 4200 Kg/cm2 y f'c = 210 Kg/cm2.
COLUMNA
Seccin=

b
40

f'c =

210

fy =
CM =
CV =

t
40

cm

fy =

4200

Kg/cm2

f'c =

210

Kg/cm2

Incremento

5.6

132 Tn

DIMENSIONAMIENTO EN PLANTA
Az =
L=

2
73333.3333 cm
270.8 cm

L=

2.75

CARGA NETA O CARGA MXIMA DE ROTURA

FCM =
FCV =
P rotura =
W neta =

1.4
1.7
190 Tn
2
2.51 Kg/cm

DIMENSIONAMIENTO EN ELEVACIN
a) Punzonamiento
d=
Vuc =

50 cm
2
13.06 Kg/cm

b0 =

360 cm

Vu =

169669 Kg

Esf Corte =

2
9.43 Kg/cm

Ok

b) Flexin
m=

117.5

Vu =

46591.88

Esf c.flex =

2
3.39 Kg/cm

Vc =

2
6.53 Kg/cm

DISEO DE ACERO POR FLEXION

M=

Kg/cm2

ASUMIENDO EL PESO PROPIO DE LA ZAPATA

Ptotal =

1.8

Kg/cm2
Kg/cm
Tn
Tn

4200
75
50

ZAPATA
Esf. Terreno =

4764882.03 Kg.cm

Ok

As =

29.6600189

a=

2.54

As =

27.389085

a=

2.34

As =

27.3345897

a=

2.34

Usar :

27.335
=

10

As =

cm2
3/4''

3/4''

COMPROBACION DE ADHERENCIA
u=

48.68

Kg/cm2

Ok

P3.- Disear la columna que se muestra en el plano adjunto; considerar: f'c = 210 Kg/cm 2 y acero de fy = 4200 Kg/cm2. Si el plano que se muestra
corresponde a una universidad de 5 pisos (altura piso techo es h = 3 m incluido losa).

f'c =

210

Kg/cm2

fy =

4200

Kg/cm2

n Pisos =

METRADOS DE CARGA (Axial)

Plosa =

350

l
7

ab
5.5

Pacabados =
PVP =
PVS =
P COLUMNA =

200
2400
2400
2400

7
3.5
2.75
3.2

5.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

S/C =

400

7.5

0.75
0.5
0.5
CM =

n veces

2
2

CV =
P TOTAL =

381865

Peso
13475

Kg

7700
6300
3300
1920
32695

Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg

18000
18000

Kg
Kg

Kg

METRADOS DE CARGA (Vigas)

EJE X
linfluencia

Peso

Plosa =

350

5.5

1925

Kg/m

Pacabados =

200

5.5

1100

Kg/m

PVIGA =

2400

0.75
CM =

900
3925

Kg/m
Kg/m

S/C =

400

CV =
Wu =

2400
2400
9575.00

Kg/m
Kg/m

Peso

0.5

EJE Y
linfluencia

Plosa =

350

700

Kg/m

Pacabados =

200

400

Kg/m

PVIGA =

2400

0.5
CM =

600
1700

Kg/m
Kg/m

S/C =

400

CV =
Wu =

1000
1000
4080.00

Kg/m
Kg/m

K
1/9
1/9

L
7
5.5

0.5

2.5

Momentos
MX =
MY =
P=

Cuantia Asumida =
Ag =
Sec. Cuad =
Seccin
b=
h=
recub =

2
2886.357 cm

53.725 cm

50
90
5

cm
cm
cm

52.131
13.713
381.865
%

Tn.m
Tn.m
Tn

XX
h =
Kn =
Rn =

YY
h =
Kn =
Rn =

Cuantia T =
P0 =

80

0.62
0.009

40

0.9

Cuantia x =
As =
As var =
=

0.62
0.004

1
45
25.3

0.8

Cuantia y =
As =
As var =

1
45
25.3

1.12 %
812.616 Tn

XX
Kn x =

0.68

Pux =

417.69

Tn

YY
Kn y =

0.76

Puy =

466.83

Tn

1/P =
P=

0.00330563
302.51

Corregir

DISEO DE ZAPATAS COMBINADAS

Kg/cm2

Admisible =

P1 =
P2 =

Tn/m2
9

0.9

PD

PL

40

25

40

25

TOTAL

PT
65
65
130

PT(Factorizada)
98.5
98.5
197

Tn
Tn
Tn

Secciones ( b * t )
Columna (Ext.)
Columna (Int.)
L1 =
L=

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

5
5.4

m
m

PT

rea(zapata) =

Admisible

rea(zapata) =

14.444

m2

Profundidad de cimentacin

h=

1.500

f'c =

210

m
Kg/cm2

t
t

Rx 0 P1 1 P2 L 1
2
2

x0 =

2.900

LZ =
Lv =
B=

2x0
0
2.5

m
m

B=
LZ =

2.5
5.8

m
m

R=

130.000

Tn

LZ =

5.8

33.966

Tn/m

Wnu =
Wnu =

13.586
1.4

Tn/m2
Kg/cm2

hz =

0.6

Reaccin neta por unidad de longitud

PT PTF2

WNU F1
L
Z

WNU =

Reaccin neta por unidad de longitud

W nu

W NU
B

Clculo de hz ( profundidad mnima 0,60 m)

h z 0.11 L1 Wnu
hz =

0.64107937

DISEO EN SENTIDO LONGITUDINAL

Vx 0 - PTF1 WNU x 0
X0 =

M mx

2.9

x 02
t

WNU PTF1 x 0 1
2

Mmx =

-123.125

Tn.m

VERIFICACIN POR CORTANTE

d h Z Recub.
2

d1 =

55.34

VP1(+) =
VP1(-) =

6.79
-91.71

y1

t2
d
2

Vd2 VP2( ) WNU y 2

d2 =

55.66

Vn

Vu

Vn =

0.753

Vd1 =

-66.118

Tn

y2 =

0.753

Vd2 =

66.118

Tn

3/4''
7.5

y2 =

0.757

Vd3 =

-18.904

Tn

106.255

Tn

Tn
77.786

Vc 0.53 f c B d

Vc =

Vn V c

OK.

DISEO POR PUNZAMIENTO

Pulgadas
cm

cm

t2
d
2
t
Vd3 WNU (Lv 2 - y 3 )
2

66.118

91.71
-6.79

y1 =

Recubrimiento =

y3

Vu =

Pulgadas
cm

VP2(+) =
VP2(-) =

Tn
Tn

t1
d
2

d h Z Recub.
2

''
7.5

cm

Vd1 VP1(-) WNU y1

y2

Recubrimiento =

Tn

Tn
Tn

a).- Columna exterior

d
d

Vu PTF1 WNU t 1 1 b1 1
2
2

Vu =

89.735

V c 1.1

Tn

f c b 0 d

Vn V c

Vn =
b0 =
Vc =

105.571
2.307
203.483

Tn
m
Tn

Vn =
b0 =
Vc =

101.354
3.814
336.396

Tn
m
Tn

OK.

b).- Columna interior

Vu PTF2 WNU t 2 d 2
Vu =

86.151

V c 1.1

Tn

f c b 0 d

Vn V c

OK.

DISEO POR FLEXIN

a).- Refuerzo superior

Mmx =

Mu =

123.125

Tn.m

a = d/5

a=

11.068

cm

As

M mx
a
f y (d - )
2

As f y

f c' B

As

M mx

a
f y (d - )
2

As f y

f c' B

As =
a=

65.402
6.2

cm2
cm

As =
a=

62.146
5.8

cm2
cm

As =
a=

62.328
5.9

cm2
cm

As =
a=

62.146
5.8

cm2
cm

As =
a=

62.156
5.8

cm2
cm

As =

62.146

cm2

As (mnimo) =

0,0018*b*d

As (mnimo) =

24.902

cm2

As =

Usar :

62.146
=

3/4''

s=

0.111

22

3/4''

0.11

cm2

a).- Refuerzo inferior

Mu

WNU L V
2

Mu =

0.000

a = d/5

a=
As

Tn.m
11.131

M mx

f y (d -

cm

a
)
2

As f y

f c' B

As =
a=

0.000
0.0

cm2
cm

As =
a=

0.000
0.0

cm2
cm

As =
a=

0.000
0.0

cm2
cm

As =
a=

0.000
0.0

cm2
cm

As =
a=

0.000
0.0

cm2
cm

As =

0.000

cm2

As (mnimo) =

0,0018*b*d

As (mnimo) =

25.045

cm2

As =

Usar :

25.045
=

3/4''

s=

0.291

3/4''

0.29

cm2

DISEO DE LA SECCIN TRANSVERSAL

l1 =
l2 =

l1 =
l2 =

68
96

70
95

DISEO VIGA EXTERIOR

q NU

B - t1
q NU

Mu
2

PTF1
B

qNU =
Mu =

39.400
21.719

a = d/5

a=

As

Tn.m
11.068

M mx

f y (d -

cm

a
)
2

As f y

f c' B

As =
a=

11.537
3.9

cm2
cm

As =
a=

10.733
3.6

cm2
cm

As =
a=

10.760
3.6

cm2
cm

As =
a=

10.733
3.6

cm2
cm

As =
a=

10.734
3.6

cm2
cm

As =

10.733

cm2

As (mnimo) =

0,0018*b*d

As (mnimo) =

6.973

cm2

cm2

Usar :

10.733
=

3/4''

s=

0.177

3/4''

0.18

Smx =
=

36 =

68.58

3/8''

s=

cm
1.145

3/8''

1.15

As =

Dieo por montaje :

DISEO VIGA INTERIOR

NU

PT F2
B

qNU =
Mu =

39.400
21.719

a = d/5

a=

As

B - t2
q NU

Tn.m
11.131

M mx

cm

a
f y (d - )
2

As f y

f c' B

As =
a=

11.471
2.8

cm2
cm

As =
a=

10.573
2.6

cm2
cm

As =
a=

10.594
2.6

cm2
cm

As =
a=

10.573
2.6

cm2
cm

As =

10.573

cm2

As =

10.573

cm2

a=

2.6

As (mnimo) =

0,0018*b*d

As =

Usar :

10.573
=

cm
As (mnimo) =

9.517

cm2

1/2''

s=

0.112

1/2''

0.11

cm2

AS