Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino Annotated Bibliography Primary: 3960th Combat Support Group Headquarters.

Andersen Air Force Base. N.D. N.P. 18 October 2012. Print. This article includes the infrastructure of AAFB surrounding the military presence after World War II. One of the decisions by the Army Air Force that solidified Andersens status as a bomber base was the establishment of a bomber base that would launch B29s in an air assault against Japan. The bomber base became permanent after the bases at Harmon and Northwest were used to build up the North Field bomber facility. The author of this article was the office of the Air Base Group responsible for operating Andersen during the 1950s while other combat wings and air divisions performed military operations. Alexander, Ronni. Opposition to US Military Bases on Guam: Exploring intersections of indigeneity, feminism, and security. <http://www2.kobeu.ac.jp/~alexroni/TR/No.2/Alexander.pdf> (Draft.) n.p. n.d. Web. 11 October 2012. Ronni Alexander gives me a modern impact on Chamorros because of the establishment of the bases and military control here on Guam. Ronni has a Phd in International Relations from Sophia University in 1989. Some of her work includes the growth security of the Pacific Islands by writing on issues of nuclearization, militarization, gender, and peace and conflict.

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino Andersen Air Force Base, Guam 1965-1974. YouTube. YouTube, 15 September, 2010. Web. 8 October 2012. During this video, Anderson AAFB is portrayed first hand in this early footage in the activities and early buildings and scenery. The early infrastructure and plane activity are revealed visually by the military channel in this video. The military channel has covered many topics concerning military matters for many years. "Base completes excess land work." Pacific Daily News 14 Oct. 1999: 5. Print. This article continues the story in the PDN two years prior to this one concerning the use of and excess land owned by the U.S. military. Here, Governor Gutierrez is standing up more for the people than before by asking for more land to be declared excess by the military and returned to the people. This article written by the PDN is discussing the current event of returning excess land to the people during that time. Calvo, Edward B. "Land for the People." Governor of Guam. Office of Communications, 24 Jan. 2011. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. Here, the current governor of Guam, Eddie Baza Calvo has informed the Chamorro people about the willingness of both the military and the Government of Guam to work together to get what is best for the people of Guam. They also agreed on the shrinking of the federal footprint. That is, the federal government will give some land back to the government and people. Overall, this article shows the optimistic relationship the governor has with the military and the buildup. This primary source written by the governor

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino himself shatters the totalitarian illusion created by Judi Gutherz and some other community leaders on Guam. Goldberg, Alfred. Strategic Air Command- The Deterrent Force. Airforcemagazine.com: Online Journal of the Air Force Association. USAA. Vol. 40, No. 8. August 1957. Web. 15 October 2012. Alfred Goldberg served as Chief Historian for the Office of the Secretary of Defense for 34 years. He also served in the army air force during World War II and eventually became a military historian. This source covers much of the history of SAC or Strategic Air Command and shows how it ultimately became the first line of defense on Guam because of the chances of Communist countries or anyone launching nuclear missiles towards the United States.

HQ. 19th Bombardment Wing. Andersen Dedication Ceremonies Today. Guam News 15th Apr 1950: 1. Print. The 19th Bombardment Wing is the unit that was posted at Andersen at the time of its dedication and hosted the ceremony in which the base was given its current name. This source presents firsthand and specifies the time when the AAFB received the name we know it by today. Lince, Elmer D. and Gregory D. Gaston. Glimpses of Guam. Osaka, Japan: Fuji Seihan Printing Company, LTD. Print. This book gives a brief outlook of the units stationed at Andersen over the years. Each had unique duties to carry out. There were some dedicated to communications, some to repair and maintenance, and even to rescue and

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino recovery. Essentially, there was a different unit for each component a military base would need to operate. Supply, maintenance, and communication are the single most important. These prestigious editors especially Elmer Lince have edited countless works related to history. This particular book has no one author because of the many contributors. Loerzel, Adrienne. "Former Harmon cliffline landowners told to follow land-use restrictions."Pacific Daily News 28 June 1997: 4. Print. This source characterizes the types of problems that are commonly associated with the land issue on Guam. The transfer of land back to the people is time-consuming, and there are restrictions on what they can do on or when they can even access the land. Some rules include not building permanent structures or using pesticides for farming. Adrienne Loerzel is a professor at Guam Community College and has written on a variety of issues having to do with the environment. Parrish, Karen. "Carter: Guam Central to Asia-Pacific Strategy." U.S. Department of Defense. American Forces Press Service, 20 July 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. This source was valuable to my research because Deputy Defense Secretary Carter explains the future effects of the military buildup which includes construction of housing, headquarters, and training areas. Governor Calvo mentioned that the majority of Chamorros are supportive of moving 4800 marines to Guam. A concern that was shared by both sides was the environmental footprint that the infrastructure required to support them might leave behind. Karen Parish has written and contributed for other news services like the San Antonio Express-News and the Associated Press.

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino The Public Information Office. Guam: Andersen Air Force Base. Guam. 19th Bombardment Wing. N.D. Print. This booklet published by the 19th Bombardment Wing affirms AAFBs purpose during war and peace. It states that Andersen will serve as a platform for supplying everything from planes, and machines, to men and supplies. During peacetime, AAFB is to train people in the military for national defense and support other units attached to the main unit occupying AAFB. United States Air Force. "F-22 Raptors deploy to Guam." Marianas Variety 19 Sept. 2012: 2. Print. This article written by the USAF should prove that Guam is important to the security of the U.S. because F-22 Raptors are expensive resources that are not stationed lightly. They are most likely the best fighter airplanes in existence today, so the fact that they are being deployed to Guam for the second time is evidence enough that Guam is a valuable asset to the United States. "US Military Buildup in Guam." PRI: Public Radio International. Public Radio International, 4 Jan. 2010. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. Public Radio International is renowned for covering different opinions on important topics in the world. This source talks about the opposition some community leaders have towards the buildup's effects and benefits. It also mentions the issue of Guam's infrastructure being able to support all the marines. Senator Judi Gutherz questions the authority and investment the military is capable of administering to the civilian population. The military

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino owns about a third of the island and might expand current projects during the buildup that will require more land from the Chamorros. The main concern here from the Chamorros is the political say they will have after the buildup begins.

United States Cong. Senate and House of Representatives. A Bill. Washington: GPO, N.d. Print. This bill by Congress states the compensation allotted to Chamorros with land taken by the military. I know that reading this helps me to understand the militarys need to compensate but inability to meet all of the restoration payments. Congress wrote this bill for the compensation of land taken by the military, but the sufficiency of the amount is debated by Chamorros, military personnel, and non-Chamorro landowners. Weaver, Teri. "Locals Question Military's Plan to Acquire More Land on Guam." Stars and Stripes. Stars and Stripes, 28 Jan. 2010. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://www.stripes.com/news/locals-question-military-s-plan-to-acquiremore-land-on-guam-1.98491>. This source represents some of the concerns of Chamorro landowners whose land is of interest or disturbed by the military. For example, military trucks passing by all the time disturbs people, and a planned firing range will agitate landowners further. The problem for land is partially environmentally related since the military cares for the environment by replacing trees cut down. This will eventually take up space leading to a need for land. Teri Weaver has

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino written for the Post-Standard in Syracuse N.Y. and began to write for the Stars and Stripes in 2004 covering military issues in South Korea, Iraq, Japan, and Guam.

Secondary: 36th Wing History Office. Andersen AFB Heritage Pamphlet. Andersen Air Force Base. United States Airforce. 2010. Web. 17 October 2012. This pamphlet created by the 36th Wing History Office shows the bygone days of the 36th Wing and its time before and during the existence of Andersen air force base. It lends a supporting hand to past events by showing activities after the liberation of Guam leading up to modern times. After reading the pamphlet, I further understood the purpose of Andersen AAFB here on Guam. The 36th Wing is the unit currently stationed at Andersen, so they decided to make a brief history of the base and its activities through their pamphlet. It showed the bombing operations Andersen hosted from World War II all the way up to the Vietnam War. Andersen Air Force Base. Andersen AFB History. Andersen Air Force Base. United States Airforce. 31 January 2007. Web. 8 October 2012. This source is similar to the pamphlet by the 36th Wing History Office, but this brief overview of Andersens history offers more information surrounding the setup of the base. This article states Andersens offensive role from establishment to a defensive role in modern times. This change of roles was

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino due to the increase and decrease of Communistic activity. The Andersen Air Force Base History office offers an accurate first-hand view of its own history. Ballendorf, Dirk A. ' Governor Henry Larsen', referenced October 15, 2012, 2009 Guampedia, URL: <http://guampedia.com/governor-henry-larsen/>. Dirk Ballendorf has an MA in history and has written eleven books, and more than 200 articles and reviews on Micronesian history and culture. This article exhibits the interest of military leaders to turn Guam into a forward operating base by using it as a staging point for bombing Japan. Ballendorf reinforces this idea by shedding some knowledge on post-war Guam and the first postwar governor, Henry Larsen. Correll, John T. Arc Light. Airforce-magazine.com: Online Journal of the Air Force Association. USAA. Vol. 92, No. 1. January 2009. Web. 12 October 2012. Mr. John T. Correll served for 20 years in the Air force before becoming part of the magazine staff and serving a further 20 years before retiring as the Editor in Chief of AIR FORCE Magazine. The article delves deeper into Guams role as a forward operating base during the Vietnam War, holding Operation Arc Light as the reason for being an F.O.B.. Andersen was the headquarters for the operation that was responsible for the bombing of Vietnam, so I understood more about the defensive and offensive capabilities, roles, and history of Andersen. Epoch Times Staff. What Pacific island became a U.S. territory on August 1, 1950? The Epoch Times. 1 August 2011.Web. 9 October 2012.

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino The Epoch Times tell of the origins of Guams territory status to the U.S. and of the future buildup that is to come to Guam in the future. The reason provided for the buildup is that Guam is a key, strategic military base for the United States in the Pacific region. I understand the possible good and bad things that will come to Guam from an increased population of about 8000 marines. Jennings, Anthony. "WWII's 'Last Mission' started, ended on Guam." Andersen Air Force Base. 22 Aug. 2010. U.S. Air Force. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. This source tells the story of the 143 B-29 Superfortress bombers of the 315th Bombardment Wing that launched from Northwest Airfield in Guam and changed the course of history. Their bombing of the last remaining oil reserves in Japan saved Emperor Hirohito from kidnapping from militarists that wanted to continue on the war. This last mission of World War II was the longest flight ever mounted by the 315th Bombardment Wing. Airman 1st class Anthony Jennings of the 36th Wing Public Affairs Office has written several historical and recent accounts depicting a variety of activities that have and are happening at AAFB. Leon Guerrero, Anthony A. Early American Economic History. October 15, 2012. 2009 Guampedia. The late Anthony A. Leon Guerrero was the President and Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Guam and was known as a cultural advocate and visionary. He discusses the early changes to the economy of Guam after the war and its influence by the military. The jobs on Guam changed from agricultural to wage employment and monetary exchange.

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino Pike, John. Andersen AFB." GlobalSecurity.org 7 May 2011. Web. Referenced 8 November 2011. This article establishes Andersen as one of two critical bases in the AsiaPacific region. The other important base is Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean. The article also mentions the lethal arsenal and bomb type base that Andersen is. John Pike is one of the worlds leading experts on defense, space, and intelligence policy and has been frequently called upon to testify before Congress because of his wide array of knowledge on multiple major issues concerning our world. Pike, John. "Operation Bullet Shot." GlobalSecurity.org. GlobalSecurity.org, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. This source further emphasizes the importance of Guam as the home of a necessary military presence. In Operation Bullet Shot, about 50 B-52D bombers and 100 B-52G bombers began to bomb Vietnam to counter the infiltration of the North Vietnamese into South Vietnam. This operation resulted in North Vietnamese leaders to begin to negotiate for peace. John Pike has worked almost 20 years for the Federation of American Scientists, directing the Space Policy, Cyber-strategy, Military Analysis, Nuclear Resource and Intelligence Resource Projects. Powers, Rod. Installation Overview Andersen Air Force Base, Guam. About.com. U.S. Military. N.d. Web. 15 October 2012. Rod Powers is the author of several military oriented books relating to helping with young people to test their potential for military service. I understand the

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino importance of Guams role as a strategic base now because many of my other sources have mentioned that Guam is important since it allows for forward operations. Thirteenth Air Force History. N.P. Guam Public Library. N.d. Print. 22 January 2013. This paper contains the history of the Thirteenth Air Force and their deployed bases, commanders, and wars participated in. It includes a brief summary of what is has done throughout its life as a unit. Even before deploying to AAFB, they have provided supplies and air support to designated targets in Southeast Asia and even the Middle East. Vasquez, Tim. "Clark Air Base History." Clark Air Base. N.p., 2001. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. Tim Vasquez lived on Clark Air Force for some time as a dependent, and he learned some information surrounding the base and wrote a brief history on it. The brief history timeline with captions assisted us in creating some relation in the creation and role of Clark Air Base and Andersen Air Force Base. Weaver, Teri. "Guam Faces Over-Crowding Problem." Military.com. Stars and Stripes, 25 Sept. 2007. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. This source shows yet another shortfall in the infrastructure of Guam and the shortage of land. Guam's roads are small, sewage and water services are inadequate, and the cost of the buildup is hard to reconcile with the benefits of it. It will cost the military money to leave their occupied bases, so that is a

Dominick Willem Couzijn & Clark Kent Hoshino major deterrent for them. Teri Weaver has written for the Stars and Stripes two years, writing on military issues in Korea, Japan, Guam, and Iraq.