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Pearl Harbor
US had moved its Navy to Pearl in anticipation of problems Pearl seen as a safe harbor, the water was too shallow for torpedoes The US still did not know where the Japanese navy was Sunday, December 7, 1941, while sailors slumbered, over 350 Japanese planes struck They caught the US completely o guard
Mistakes
There was supposed to be a 3rd strike It was called o and could have delivered a death blow No aircraft carriers were in the harbor Most were raised, xed and sent back into action Japan did not realize how quickly the US would revoce With the attack US entered WWII and declared war on Japan and Germany
Niihau Incident
Something else occurred during the Pearl Harbor Attack It is a lesser known story but very important A Japanese pilot, Shigenori Nishikaichi crash landed on the island of Niihau The remote Hawaiian Island was to be used as a refuge for damaged Japanese planes It was though to be uninhabited but was home to over 130 Hawaiians A sub was to pick up survivors
Niihau Incident
The Japanese pilot was quickly taken captive by a native by Hawila Kaleohano That night a faction occurred as Japanese Hawaiians sprung the pilot in the night The incident ended in bloodshed and was later reported to President Roosevelt FDR feared other possible uprisings amongst Japanese Americas Therefor he issued Executive Order 9066, internment of all Japanese Americans
Niihau Incident
During the course of the war, over 110,000 Japanese Americans were interned They created 10 camps where Japanese Americans were forced to live and work Those who lived in them felt betrayed by their country, others sought to prove themselves in war Most camps were in the midwest including: Utah Topaz Idaho Minidoka Wyoming Heart Mountain
Japanese Offensive
The Attack on Pearl Harbor was only one part of a coordinated attack on the US On the same day, and for days afterward, the Japanese attacked various islands in South East Asia Most important to the US was the Philippines a US territory Soldiers were caught o guard, but fought and prolonged full Japanese victory until April of 1942
Japanese Offensive
By that same month of that year, Japan had captured nearly every island in the Pacic They were even making plans to invade and capture Australia The US soldiers who were captured during this assault were heavily mistreated by Japanese soldiers Many were worked to death US Navy Hero Douglas MacArthur was forced to leave the Philippines where he was stationed
Japanese Offensive
MacArthur knew his soldiers were ghting a losing battle but FDR did not want him captured He was rescued and own out, but MacArthur replied to his men, Whence I came, I shall return After his departure, the Japanese captured the Bataan Peninsula Over 1000 US and 5000 Philippine soldiers died as they were marched over 90 miles without water
Japanese Offensive
The situation in April of 1942 for the US in the Pacic was bleak They had lost a good deal of their eet at Pearl Harbor They had lost many islands of the Pacic including the Philippines Japan was quickly making moves to attack and capture Australia The US however was about to rebound
Niihau Incident
Something else occurred during the Pearl Harbor Attack It is a lesser known story but very important A Japanese pilot, Shigenori Nishikaichi crash landed on the island of Niihau The remote Hawaiian Island was to be used as a refuge for damaged Japanese planes It was though to be uninhabited but was home to over 130 Hawaiians A sub was to pick up survivors
Niihau Incident
The Japanese pilot was quickly taken captive by a native by Hawila Kaleohano That night a faction occurred as Japanese Hawaiians sprung the pilot in the night The incident ended in bloodshed and was later reported to President Roosevelt FDR feared other possible uprisings amongst Japanese Americas Therefor he issued Executive Order 9066, internment of all Japanese Americans
Niihau Incident
During the course of the war, over 110,000 Japanese Americans were interned They created 10 camps where Japanese Americans were forced to live and work Those who lived in them felt betrayed by their country, others sought to prove themselves in war Most camps were in the midwest including: Utah Topaz Idaho Minidoka Wyoming Heart Mountain
Internment Camps
In 1941, Japanese Americans only numbered 127,000 2/3rds had been born in the US Most lived on the west coast Movement into internment camps was harsh Most did not have time to secure their property and possessions before they left Most lost their homes, businesses and their land
Internment Camps
All of the camps were in remote and desolate regions They were crammed into small wooden barracks Rooms had cheap beds, leaky roofs and a single lightbulb People had to share community toilets, showers, and dinning facilities Barbed wire and guards surrounded the camps They appeared eerily similar to concentration camps
Internment Camps
In 1943, many men in the camps pressed to serve in the military They were eager to prove they were Americans and wanted to serve their nation 17,000 Japanese Americans served in the War Most were Nisei, sons of parents who were born in Japan The 442nd all Japanese regiment won more medals for bravery in WWII than other in US history
Internment Camps
During the War, several court hearings took place The US government defended the right as a means of national security In 1945, all Japanese citizens were released In 1988 the US government apologized and paid each family 20,000 dollars It still remains a black mark on American History
Mobilization
When WWII started, the US had a lot of work to do to catch up The US military was out of date To complicate matters, supplies were low due to nations being occupied by Axis powers In January of 1942, Roosevelt set up the War Production Board Its purpose was to change peacetime industries into war industries Instead of producing cars, they would produce tanks and bombs
Mobilization
Ford Motor Company built a huge new factory to make B-24 Liberators Mass production and assembly line techniques transformed the shipping industry One type of ship for the navy went from taking 200 days to 40 To motivate businesses the government gave out military contracts The military paid production costs and gave industries a bonus pay
Mobilization
Workers earned their regular salary but were added a bonus military salary Each year the US set production goals and each year they met them In 1944, the US outproduced alone all Axis nations combined It produced 300,000 airplanes, 80,000 landing crafts, 100,000 tanks, 5,600 ships, 6 million ries and machine guns The US was quick becoming the arsenal of democracy
Mobilization
Union memberships rose but also the will to work Unions agreed they would not strike during time of war However, in 1943 strikes did occur on a limited scale The War boosted the economy People had jobs and received good pay The US vowed to spend whatever it took to win the War
Mobilization
In 1939 the US spent $8.9 billion. In 1945 it had spent $95.2 billion Overall the US spent $321 billion on WWII more than 10x what it spent on WWI Money came from higher taxes, borrowing and War Bonds War Bonds alone brought in $186 Billon It greatly boosted the national debt It went from $43 billion to $259