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Application Note
Executive Summary
Ensuring service and revenue generation in the event of technical failures or external events presents challenges for telecom carriers and service providers building critical failure protection network solutions. Critical failure protection backup minimizes the impact of these failures or events and can be implemented with various levels of redundancy, ranging from internal redundancy on a per-equipment basis up to fully redundant networks, including geographic redundancy network architectures. Typically, the costs involved in implementing redundant systems as effective backup solutions duplicates the costly investment demanded for just a single transmission network. This application note explains how the Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway and Dialogic I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway can enable carriers and service providers to build cost-effective and highly reliable backup solutions for their transmission networks, allowing significant CAPEX and OPEX savings and short implementation cycles. Two example solutions are described for using these Dialogic I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways in backup network solutions, both allowing telecom carriers and service providers to minimize expenses and/or better utilize the invested (deployed) transmission infrastructure by expanding the traffic-carrying capability and improving the overall Quality of Service performance.
Application Note
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Backup Network Protection Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Backup Network Protection Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Backup Network Protection Reliability and Cost Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Standalone Static Trunking Operating Mode Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Solution 1 I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway Backup Network Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Solution 2 Backup Network Solution with Load-Sharing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Application Note
Introduction
Telecom carriers and service providers worldwide have been challenged to build critical failure protection network solutions to ensure their services (and resulting revenue) continue in the event that one or more critical segments of their telecom infrastructure go out of service due to technical failure or an external agent (for example, accident, earthquake, terror attack, and so on). In order to minimize the impact should these risks actually occur, different levels of redundancy can be implemented, ranging from internal redundancy on a per-equipment basis up to fully redundant networks including geographically redundancy network architectures. Specifically, for the transmission networks that carry the interswitch traffic between 2G mobile (for example, Mobile Switching Center [MSC]) and/or PSTN switches (for example, Class 4), despite the technical and operational benefits of highly resilient network architectures (for example, SDH/SONET dual-ring), maximum overall reliability calls for separating the two different transmission networks. However, building an effective backup network solution typically duplicates the investment demanded for a single transmission network alone, which can be high considering the multiple cost components of a network deployment project. Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway and Dialogic I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway (collectively, Dialogic I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways) provide an unparalleled opportunity for operators to build a fully featured backup transmission network and to achieve the high overall reliability target for their mobile and/or wireline interswitch traffic at greatly reduced CAPEX, while providing rapid infrastructure rollout, minimizing OPEX, and maintaining high-quality services.
This application note describes characteristics and benefits to the operator of backup network solutions that use I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways. It also introduces backup transmission networks concepts, including typical topologies and operating characteristics, and presents two examples of backup transmission network solutions that can be built using I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways.
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
Transmission Network
Interswitch Traffic
Application Note
From a network planning, deployment, and operations perspective, as well in view of CAPEX and OPEX considerations, it is important to keep in mind that although the transmission network is depicted as a single schematic entity (a cloud), the physical implementation of typical transmission links between any pair of switches can include one or several network segments, where each network segment can use a different transport technology (for example, fiber, microwave radio, satellite) and different transmission link hierarchical levels (for example, E1, T1, DS3, SDH/SONET). The ownership of the network segments is also an important factor to consider. The various network segments can be owned by the same operator (which may or may not be the operator that owns one or more of the switches) or by different operators or carriers (for example, leased lines). It should be noted that when the end-to-end transmission link between a pair of switches includes several transmission network segments, the overall reliability (that is, the service continuity characteristics) of the complete transmission link between the switches will be determined by the least reliable network segment that is between them. Under normal (that is, no failure) transmission network conditions, the depicted network carries the traffic between the switches. However, in case of a failure of the interswitch transmission network, part or all of the traffic-carrying capability of the network could be affected, resulting in traffic between two or more switches not being transported.
Application Note
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5 are examples depicting the traffic handling flows for different primary network operating conditions. Figure 3 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow (depicted by solid line arrows) under a normal primary network operating condition. When the primary transmission network has no traffic-affecting failure, the traffic is fully transported through it. In the event of a failure that affects the traffic-carrying capability of the primary transmission network, the traffic between some or all of the switches is transported through the backup network, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. Figure 4 is an example of the traffic flow for a case in which all the primary network links are affected, and accordingly all the traffic is transported through the backup network. Figure 5 is an example of the traffic flow where only some interswitch links on the primary network are affected (between switches 2 and 4) and their traffic is carried over the backup network. The interswitch traffic between other switches is not affected and is transported over the primary network (between switches 1, 3, and 5). For illustrative purposes, Figure 5 shows simplified examples only. Not shown is the traffic between switches 1, 3, and 5 and switches 2 and 4; that traffic can be carried either through the primary network or through the backup network, depending on the location of the failure(s) in the primary network.
Application Note
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Application Note
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Application Note
The following sections briefly describe I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways standalone static trunking operation mode; and how I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways operating in static trunking mode can be used when it is desired to build cost-effective and highly reliable backup network protection solutions.
Application Note
MSC/PSTN Switch
88% - 94% Bandwidth Savings Optimized Traffic mized (Bearer Link) Bearer
MSC/PSTN Switch
TDM Trunks
Transmission Network
TDM Trunks
In addition to what is shown in the simple two-site application example of Figure 6, an I-Gate 4000 Gateway can simultaneously support static trunking operation with multiple I-Gate 4000 Gateways installed at different remote sites. Figure 7 is an example where each I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway supports static trunk operation with multiple distant I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals. The Figure 7 solution example has the following characteristics: Each I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway independently processes and optimizes the traffic carried between its unit and each one of the remote I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways, providing a significant bandwidth savings (typically between 88% and 94%) while also providing high quality and reliable traffic transport performance. Each I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway independently supports the bearer link(s) between its unit and one or more of the remote I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways.
MSC/PSTN Switch I-Gate 4000 PRO I-Gate 4000 PRO MSC/PSTN Switch
TDM Trunks
TDM Trunks
Transmission Network
MSC/PSTN Switch
TDM Trunks MSC/PSTN Switch 88% - 94% Bandwidth Savings TDM Trunks Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway
MSC/PSTN Switch
Application Note
It should be noted that although Figure 6 and Figure 7 show I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals only, an actual application could include a combination of I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway and I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway terminals, or I-Gate 4000 EDGE terminals only. For example, an I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway can be deployed at sites requiring the support of a large number of MSC/PSTN trunks, and an I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway can be deployed at sites requiring support for a small number of MSC/PSTN trunks. An example of a solution using only I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway terminals would be one in which multiple low-traffic rural or island switch sites are interconnected through thin-route satellite links. I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways can be connected to transmission networks using supported TDM interfaces and network topologies. Figure 8 is an example of multiple I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals and mobile and/or PSTN switches interconnected through SDH transmission links. In the Figure 8 example, the trunk links carrying the traffic between the MSC and/or PSTN switches and the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, as well as the bearer links carrying the optimized traffic between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, are implemented on the SDH transmission network.
I-Gate 4000 PRO I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch
Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway Figure 8. SDH-based Network Topology
In the Figure 8 configuration, the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway provides operators with the flexibility to define the allocation of trunk and bearer links to best match their planning and budget targets. For example, one operator can allocate different STM1 interfaces and links for trunk and bearer traffic, whereas another can allocate some E1 spans within an STM1 interface and link to carry trunk traffic, and allocate other E1 spans within the same STM1 interface and link to carry bearer traffic.
Application Note
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
10
Application Note
Solution 1 Traffic Flow for Fully Available Primary Network When the primary transmission network has no traffic-affecting failure, the traffic between the switches is fully transported through the transmission network. Figure 10 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow (solid line arrows) under a normal primary network operating condition.
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Figure 10. Solution 1 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Available
11
Application Note
Solution 1 Traffic Flow for Fully Unavailable Primary Network In the case of a critical failure in the primary transmission network that makes it totally unavailable, in the Figure 10 example the traffic is automatically routed by the switches through the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, which optimize and transmit the optimized traffic over the backup network. Figure 11 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows).
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Optimized Traffic
Figure 11. Solution 1 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Unavailable
The highly reliable compression mechanisms of the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals provide that the telephony signals (for example, voice, fax, modem) and signaling (for example, SS7, PRI, CAS) are carried over the backup network with minimal bandwidth requirements (88% to 94% bandwidth savings), thus allowing substantial savings on equipment and operations, together with the high-quality service necessary to avoid negatively impacting a companys competitiveness and revenue generation. In this example, it is assumed that all the primary network links are unavailable and accordingly that all the traffic is transported through the backup network. 12
Application Note
Solution 1 Traffic Flow for Partially Unavailable Primary Network In case of a failure in the primary transmission network that makes it partially unavailable, the traffic to be carried through the failed links is routed by the corresponding switches to the associated I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, which optimize and transmit the optimized traffic over the backup network. Figure 12 and Figure 13 are examples of two cases of partially unavailable network operating conditions, and examples of traffic flows. In both cases, some primary network links are affected, and accordingly the corresponding traffic is transported through the backup network. The traffic of the non-affected primary network links is transported over the primary network. These two figures show the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways or directly to the primary network (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows).
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Optimized Traffic
Figure 12. Solution 1, Case 1 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Partially Unavailable
In the example depicted in Figure 12 (Case 1), for a given switch, all its traffic is transmitted through the backup network (switches 1, 3, and 5) or through the primary network (switches 2 and 4).
13
Application Note
In the example in Figure 13 (Case 2), for a given switch, the links that carry traffic to certain switches are affected, and the links that carry traffic to the other switches are not affected. Accordingly, part of the switchs traffic (to certain routes) is carried through the primary network, and part of its traffic (to other routes) is carried through the backup network. In the example in Figure 13, the traffic between switches 2 and 5 is carried over the primary network, whereas the traffic between switches 1, 3, and 4, as well as the traffic between switches 1, 3, and 4 and switches 2 and 5, is carried over the backup network.
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Optimized Traffic
Figure 13. Solution 1, Case 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Partially Unavailable
14
Application Note
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
The following sections describe three different examples of primary transmission network operating conditions for Solution 2s traffic handling flows.
15
Application Note
Solution 2 Traffic Flow for Fully Available Primary Network Figure 15 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow when the primary network has no traffic-affecting failure. The original traffic is transmitted between the MSC or PSTN switches and the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows), and the optimized traffic (dashed line arrows) is split among the primary and the backup network and carried in load-sharing mode. This solution allows significant bandwidth savings on the primary network.
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Optimized Traffic
Figure 15. Solution 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Available
16
Application Note
Solution 2 Traffic Flow for Fully Unavailable Primary Network In case of a critical failure in the primary transmission network that makes it unavailable, all of the optimized traffic from the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals is transmitted over the backup network. Figure 16 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows).
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Original Traffic
Optimized Traffic
Figure 16. Solution 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Unavailable
In the Figure 16 example, all the primary network links are affected; accordingly, all the traffic is transported through the backup network.
17
Application Note
Solution 2 Traffic Flow for Partially Unavailable Primary Network In case of a failure in the primary transmission network that makes the primary network partially unavailable, the corresponding optimized interswitch traffic is transmitted between I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network. Figure 17 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows). In this example, some primary network links are affected; accordingly, the corresponding traffic is transported in its entirety through the backup network (long dashed line arrows). The traffic of the non-affected primary network links is split among the primary and backup networks and carried in load-sharing mode (short dashed line arrows).
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Original Traffic
Optimized Traffic
Figure 17. Solution 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Partially Unavailable
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